初中英语语法之宾语从句

宾语从句

一、什么是宾语

1. 及物动词后直接接宾语:tell sb. about sth.

2. 形容词后接宾语:surprising news

3. 介词后接宾语:be proud of sth

二、宾语从句的引导词

1、从属连词:that,if, whether

That引导表示陈述句的宾语从句。

Eg: He told me (that he would go to the college the next year.

我认为他这个周六不会来了。

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爸爸说他这次不会帮我了。

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If 和whether引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句。

Eg: Will there be a bus any more? (I don’t know

I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.

If 和whether 的区别:

If引导宾从,表是否。也可以引导条件状语从句,表如果。

If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go with you.

Whether只能引导宾从,表是否,但可以和or not 连用。

Nobody knows whether he could pass the exam or not.

2、连接代词:who, whom, whose, what和连接副词:when, where, why, how 引导特殊疑问句的宾语从句。

Eg: What do kind people do? (The book will show you

The book will show you what the kind people do.

他没有告诉我我们什么时候还能见面。

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你能不能告诉我应该怎么用这台新电脑。

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从以上的句子中,我们可以看出,宾语从句中无论主句使用哪种语序,从句都要用___________.

三、宾语从句中的时态

1. 主过从过:The children didn’t know who he was.

2. 主现从随便:He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.

I don’t know when he will go abroad.

3. 客观真理一般现:We all know that light travels faster than sound.

地理老师告诉我们,地球围绕太阳转。

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四、宾语从句的简化

1. 当主句的谓语动词是hope, decide, agree等主观决定有关的词,并且宾语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,宾语从句可以简化为v. + to do结构

Eg. Li Ming hopes that he will come back soon.

Li Ming hopes to come back soon.

We decided that we would help him.

2. 当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, remember, forget, tell等与记忆相关的词,并且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时,可简化为特殊疑问词+to do结构。

Eg: She has forgotten how she can open the window.

She has forgotten how to open the window.

我还是不知道应该读那本书。

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3. 也可以这样简化:

Could you please tell me how I can get to the station?

Could you please tell me how to get to the station?

因此,疑问词+to do等同于宾语从句。

五、宾语从句的分类

1、动词的宾语从句

大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句

Eg: We all know that studying English is good for us.

I believe that you will win in the football game.

Do you think that maths is difficult for many girls?

2、介词的宾语从句

用whether之类引导的介词宾语从句

Eg: We are talking about whether we should choose Tom as our monitor.

The new book is about how we can keep healthy in our daily life.

3、形容词的宾语从句

常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry等。

Eg: I am sure that I will pass the exam.

I’m sorry that I have troubled you so long.

He is glad that his father will come to see him.

随堂测试:

一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。

1.These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.

He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong.

2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.

My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound.

3.There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.

Jack didn’t know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days.

4.Can they speak French? I want to know.

I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French.

5.Are the children playing games? Tell me.

Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games.

7.How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?

Who knows ______ _____ _____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture?

8.Where did she park her car? Do you know?

Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car?

9.What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.