专题05-2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习-阅读理解(解析版)
2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习05科普环保类1.（2018·北京）阅读理解CPlastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms' stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. ＂Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, ＂she explains, ＂The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. ＂Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical insome kind of industrial process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.＂（1）What can we learn about the worms in the study?A.They take plastics as their everyday food.B.They are newly evolved creatures.C.They can consume plastics.D.They wind up in landfills.（2）According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .A.identify other means of the breakdownB.find out the source of the enzymeC.confirm the research findingsD.increase the breakdown speed（3）It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .A.help to raise wormsB.help make plastic bagsC.be used to clean the oceansD.be produced in factories in future（4）What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To explain a study method on worms.B.To introduce the diet of a special worm.C.To present a way to break down plastics.D.To propose new means to keep eco-balance.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）D（4）C【解析】人类每年生产超过3亿吨的塑料。
几乎一半在垃圾填埋场(垃圾填埋场),和1200万吨污染海洋。
到目前为止还没有有效的方法去除它，但是一项新的研究表明答案可能在一些饥饿的蠕虫的胃里。
⑴细节理解。
将题干中的worms in the study定位在第二段第二句，the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams可知这些虫子吃塑料，故答案为C。
⑵细节理解。
将题干中的关键词Jennifer DeBruyn定位在第四段，找到the next step出现在倒数第二句The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause ofthe breakdown，可知，下一步将是确定这种分解的原因，即找到酶的来源，故答案为B。
⑶推理判断。
确定题干中chemical最后一段的最后一句But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.，可知，她期望把化学物质用于某种工业生产中，而不是仅仅把虫子扔到塑料上，故答案为D。
⑷主旨大意。
通过文章标题Plastic-Eating Worms以及首尾段落的理解，可知全文在介绍虫子与塑料的降解之间的关系，所以C项：介绍一种分解塑料的方法，即“吃塑料的虫子”是本文的中心，故答案为C。
2.（2018·天津）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
CThere's a new frontier in 3D printing that's beginning to come into focus: food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isn't stopping there.Food productionWith a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that — it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to "re-create forms and pieces" of food that are "exactly the same," freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed, rather than farm to table.Sustainability(可持续性）The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock "food" that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements. NutritionFuture 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said, "Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday's bread from the supermarket, you'd eat something baked just for you on demand."ChallengesDespite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.（1）What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production?A.It helps cooks to create new dishes.B.It saves time and effort in cooking.C.It improves the cooking conditions.D.It contributes to restaurant decorations.（2）What can we learn about 3D food printing from Paragraphs 3?A.It solves food shortages easily.B.It quickens the transportation of food.C.It needs no space for the storage of food.D.It uses renewable materials as sources of food.（3）According to Paragraph 4, 3D-printed food _____________.A.is more available to consumersB.can meet individual nutritional needsC.is more tasty than food in supermarketsD.can keep all the nutrition in raw materials（4）What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely?A.The printing process is complicated.B.3D food printers are too expensive.C.Food materials have to be dry.D.Some experts doubt 3D food printing.（5）What could be the best title of the passage?A.3D Food Printing: Delicious New TechnologyB.A New Way to Improve 3D Food PrintingC.The Challenges for 3D Food ProductionD.3D Food Printing: From Farm to Table【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）B（4）C（5）A【解析】本文是一篇说明文，对3D打印技术在食物上的应用取得的进步进行了介绍了，但仍面临着许多方面的挑战。
专题06-2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习-阅读理解(解析版)
2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习06科普环保类1.（2018.全国卷1 ）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的ABC和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
DWe may think we re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices （装置）well after they go out of style. That's bad news for the environment 一and our wallets - as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life - from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones.H The Living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kid s room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house/1 said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices-we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitts team, old desktop monitors and box TV's with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So what s the solution（解决方案）？The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tables instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.(1)What does the author think of new devices?A.They are environment-friendly.B.They are no better than the old.C.They cost more to use at home.D.They go out of style quickly.(2)Why did Babbitt*s team conduct the research?A.To reduce the cost of minerals.B.To test the life cycle of a product.C.To update consumers on new technology.D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices.(3)Which of the following uses the least energy?A.The box-set TV.B.The tablet.C.The LCD TV.D.The desktop computer.(4)What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A.Stop using them.B.Take them apart.C.Upgrade them.D.Recycle them.【答案】(1) A (2) D (3) B (4) A【解析】这是一篇科普环保类阅读。
专题05：阅读理解之环境保护类-最近三年(2019-2021)高考英语真题分类精编(解析版)
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter oceanecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
A. She loves staying with her mother.B. She dislikes outdoor activities.
专题05-高考英语真题分类拔高练习-阅读理解-社会生活类(原卷版)
高考英语真题【阅读理解】分类拔高练习05社会生活1.（2014·辽宁）阅读理解(Q = Question; A = Answer)Situation IQ: If someone sits right next to me in an empty movie theater, is it rude to move? A: Maybe, but nobody will fault you for it. Chances are that close sitter doesn't realize he disturbs you, so he may miss your annoyance. You undoubtedly aren't the first person he's met who needs enough room. Forgive his bad judgment, move quietly and enjoy the show.Situation IIQ: If I use the bathroom at a store, do I need to buy something?A: Consider frequency and urgency. Is this a one-time or an emergency? If so, you don't have to buy anything, but it would be kind if you did. However, if you regularly use the bathroom at this place, then you are a customer, and you should act like one. Situation IIIQ: If someone is talking loudly on the bus, is there a nice way to ask him to keep it down?A: No. Try other means.1) Stare at him until he gets aware of it and quiets down.2) Lift your finger in a silence motion(动作)and smile. 3) Put on earphones and ignore him.Situation IVQ: If I remember my friend's birthday a day late, should I apologize or just wish her a happy birthday like nothing happened?A: This is the reason why the word belated was invented. "Happy belated birthday!" is short for: "Well, I know I forgot, but then I remembered. Forgive me and happy birthday."Situation VQ: Can I lie about seeing a text because I was too busy or lazy to respond(回复) to it?A: Don't lie. Receiving a text does not mean you need to respond to it. Why waste a perfectly good lie when the truth will serve? "Yes," you can say if ever asked, "I saw it." No explanation is needed as to why you don't respond.（1）You will get annoyed in a theater when .A.a person is too activeB.a person is too rude to youC.a person talks too loudlyD.a person sits too close to you（2）How will you quiet someone down in a public place?A.By making fun of him continuously.B.By looking purposefully at him.C.By talking to him directly.D.By pointing angrily at him.（3）The underlined word "belated" in Situation IV probably means .A.predictedB.returnedC.cancelledD.delayed（4）What is the passage mainly about?A.Modern ways to mind your manners.B.Different ways to change others' manners.C.Proper manners to offer help to others.D.Good manners to talk to people.2.（2014·上海）阅读理解Let's say you want to hit the gym more regularly this year. How do you make that happen? Consider putting the habit loop to use.Here's how it works:A habit is a 3-step process. First, there's a cue, something that tells your brain to operate automatically. Then there's a routine. And finally, a reward, which helps your brain learn to desire the behavior. It's what you can use to create-or break-habits of your own.Here's how to apply it:Choose a cue, like leaving your running shoes by the door, then pick. a reward-say, a piece of chocolate when you get home from the gym. That way, the cue and thereward become interconnected. Finally, when you see the shoes, your brain will start longing for the reward, which will make it easier to work out day after day. The best part? In a couple of weeks, you won't need the chocolate at all. Your brain will come to see the workout itself as the reward. Which is the whole point, right?（1）Which of the following best fits in the box with a “?” in THE HABIT LOOP?A.Pick a new cue.B.Form a new habit.C.Choose a new reward.D.Design a new resolution.（2）According to THE HABIT LOOP, you can stick to your plan most effectively by______.A.changing the routineB.trying it for a weekC.adjusting your goalD.writing it down（3）What's the purpose of putting the habit loop to use?A.To test out different kinds of cues.B.To do something as a habit even without rewards.C.To work out the best New Year's resolution.D.To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards.（4）“This year when I see the Harry Potter post er, I will read 30 pages of an English novel or an English newspaper in order to watch TV for half an hour." What is the cue in this resolution?A.The Harry Potter poster.B.Reading 30 pages of an English novel.C.An English newspaper.D.Watching TV for half an hour.3.（2014·重庆）阅读理解It's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment. They pay $5 for a caramel brulee latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.It's undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions（性情）, but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bern, by observing our own behavior. We can be strangers toourselves. If we knew our own minds, why should we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior? If our minds were an open book, we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes. Actually, we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.Moreover, we don't just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character --- we infer characters that weren't there before. Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us, which we fail to recognize. Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn't. Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us. We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people become what they do, though it may not be in compliance（符合）with their true desires. Therefore, we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegut's advice: “We are what we pretend t o be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be.”（1）According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to _______.A.determine one's behaviorB.reflect one's tasteC.influence one's surroundingsD.result from one's habits（2）Which of the following would Daryl Bern most probably agree with?A.The return of a wallet can indicate one's honesty.B.A kind person will offer his seat to the old.C.One recycles plastics to protect the environment.D.One buys latte out of love of coffee.（3）What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage?A.We fail to realize our inner dispositions.B.We can be influenced by outside pressures.C.Our behavior is the result of our true desires.D.Our characters can shape our social relationships.（4）What does the author mainly discusses in the passage?A.Personalities and attitudes.B.Preferences and habits.C.Behavior and personalities.D.Attitudes and preferences.4.（2014·北京）阅读理解MultitaskingWhat is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop? The products displayed (展示) at the entrance? Or the soft background music?But have you ever notice the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no. But while a shop's scent may not be outstanding compared with sights and sounds, it is certainly there. And it is providing to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air. One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers' intension to purchase increased by 80 percent.When it comes to the best shopping streets in Pairs, scent is just as important to a brand's success as the quality of its window displays and goods on sales. That is mainly because shopping is a very different experience to what it used to be.Some years ago, the focus for brand name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants' disproving attitude and don't touch what you can't afford displays. Now the rise of electronic commerce (e-commerce) has opened up famous brands to a wider audience. But while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar stores (实体店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a destination. And scent is just one way to achieve this. Now a famous store uses complex man-made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder floats through the kid department, and coconut (椰子) scent in the swimsuit section. A department store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the store's windows to smell books, pots and drawers, in search of their perfect scent.（1）According to the passage, what is an increasingly powerful tool in the success of some brand store?A.Friendly assistant.B.Unique scents.C.Soft background musicD.attractive window display.（2）E-shops are mentioned in the passage to _______ .A.as how the advantages of brick-and-mortar storesB.urge shop assistants to change their attitudeC.push stores to use sights and soundsD.introduce the rise of e-commerce（3）The underlined word “destination” in Paragraph 5 means _______ .A.a platform that exhibits goodsB.a spot where travelers like to stayC.a place where customers love to goD.a target that a store expects to meet（4）The main purpose of the passage is to ______ .pare and evaluateB.examine and assessC.argue and discussrm and explain。
专题06-2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习-阅读理解-人物故事类(解析版)
2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习-阅读理解06人物故事类1.（2016·天津）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
DFailure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding.We experience this tiredness in two ways: as start-up fatigue(疲惫) and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it has either too boring or too difficult. And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel.Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first.Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule, I determined to write them in alphabetical(按字母顺序), never letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the day’s work with the difficult task of essay-writing. Experience proved that the rule works.Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can-then let the unconscious take over.When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica (《大英百科全书》), I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles. Nothing like this had ever been done before, and day after day I kept coming up with solutions, but none of them worked. My fatigue became almost unbearable.One day, mentally exhausted, I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved. I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. Relived, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind. In the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind provided correct at every step. Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing.Human beings, I believe must try to succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired.（1）People with start-up fatigue are most likely to .A.delay tasksB.work hardC.seek helpD.accept failure（2）What does the author recommend doing to prevent start-up fatigue?A.Writing essays in strict order.B.Building up physical strength.C.Leaving out the toughest ideas.D.Dealing with the hardest task first.（3）On what occasion does a person probably suffer from performance fatigue?A.Before starting a difficult task.B.When all the solutions fail.C.If the job is rather boring.D.After finding a way out.（4）According to the author, the unconscious mind may help us .A.ignore mental problemsB.get some nice sleepC.gain complete reliefD.find the right solution（5）What could be the best title for the passage?A.Success Is Built upon FailureB.How to Handle Performance FatigueC.Getting over Fatigue: A Way to SuccessD.Fatigue: An Early Sign of Health Problems【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）B（4）D（5）C【意思】失败可能是一个人所经历过的最让人筋疲力尽的经历。
专题05 非谓语动词(解析版)-三年(2022-2024)高考英语真题分类汇编(全国通用)
专题05非谓语动词年份卷别动词不定式三年（16考）过去分词三年（10考）现在分词与动名词三年（15考）命题趋势2024新高考I卷to give closed engineering动词不定式：1.考查不定式的句法功能（做目的状语、定语、补语、主语和宾语）。
2.不定式的固定搭配和句型。
过去分词：1.考查过去分词形式句法功能（做状语、定语、补语）。
2.过去分词与现在分词辨析。
现在分词和动名词：1.考查动词-ing形式句法功能（做状语、定语、补语、主语和宾语）。
2.动词-ing的固定搭配和句型。
高考真题对非谓语的考查往往以较长句子出现，需要注重结构复杂化和情景化。
新高考II卷to find inspired recalling全国甲卷to catchshared→sharepacking→packed浙江卷1月to benefit designed2023新高考I卷to biteto be liftedrecognized wanting新高考II卷visiting全国甲卷to teach borrowing全国乙卷built recording;Havingvisited 北京卷to address facing浙江卷1月surrounded2022新高考I卷to increase Covering新高考II卷to see falling全国甲卷to talkto journeystaying(改错)planning全国乙卷to strengthen shared inviting;causing(改错)浙江卷1月to continue changing 北京卷supposed天津卷To keep allowing考点01动词不定式1.（2024年新高考I卷语法填空）These sepals open on warm days________(give)the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.【答案】to give【解析】考查非谓语动词。
专题05 阅读理解D篇(2024年新课标I卷) (专家评价+三年真题+满分策略+多维变式) 原卷版
《2024年高考英语新课标卷真题深度解析与考后提升》专题05阅读理解D篇（新课标I卷）原卷版(专家评价+全文翻译+三年真题+词汇变式+满分策略+话题变式)目录一、原题呈现P2二、答案解析P3三、专家评价P3四、全文翻译P3五、词汇变式P4(一)考纲词汇词形转换P4(二)考纲词汇识词知意P4(三)高频短语积少成多P5(四)阅读理解单句填空变式P5(五)长难句分析P6六、三年真题P7(一)2023年新课标I卷阅读理解D篇P7(二)2022年新课标I卷阅读理解D篇P8(三)2021年新课标I卷阅读理解D篇P9七、满分策略（阅读理解说明文）P10八、阅读理解变式P12 变式一：生物多样性研究、发现、进展6篇P12变式二：阅读理解D篇35题变式（科普研究建议类）6篇P20一原题呈现阅读理解D篇关键词: 说明文;人与社会;社会科学研究方法研究;生物多样性; 科学探究精神;科学素养In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observation s of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens(标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places – and even species – that are not w ell-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”32. What do we know about the records of species collected now?A. They are becoming outdated.B. They are mostly in electronic form.C. They are limited in number.D. They are used for public exhibition.33. What does Daru’s study focus on?A. Threatened species.B. Physical specimens.C. Observational data.D. Mobile applications.34. What has led to the biases according to the study?A. Mistakes in data analysis.B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.C. Improper way of sampling.D. Unreliable data collection devices.35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps?A. Review data from certain areas.B. Hire experts to check the records.C. Confirm the identity of the users.D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.二答案解析三专家评价考查关键能力，促进思维品质发展2024年高考英语全国卷继续加强内容和形式创新，优化试题设问角度和方式，增强试题的开放性和灵活性，引导学生进行独立思考和判断，培养逻辑思维能力、批判思维能力和创新思维能力。
2021年全国高考英语最新模拟题汇编专题05：阅读理解 (二)(解析版)
2021年全国高考英语最新模拟题分类汇编专题05:阅读理解(二)一、阅读理解01（2021·陕西咸阳市·高三二模）In the past few decades, the way we shop has changed dramatically. We used to buy our goods in traditional shops. Now, customers are increasingly buying online, where they can order whatever they want directly to their door with the click of a mouse. As companies race to improve their Internet shopping experience, the trend towards shopping online is predicted to continue.Most people commonly think that online shopping is better than in-store shopping. After all, an online store does not use the electricity that a traditional store might use and it doesn't require the customer to drive anywhere. So you would think the carbon savings must be significant.Take the typical home delivery round in the UK, for example. Supermarket drivers often do 120 deliveries on an 80-kilometre round, producing 20 kilograms of CO2 in total. In contrast, a 21-kilometre drive to the store and back for one household would generate 24 times more CO2! However, the reality is slightly more complex than that. Many home deliveries fail the first time and the driver has to make a second or third attempt to deliver the purchase.The carbon footprint also goes up if the customer chooses to return the item. A study in Germany shows that as many as one in three online purchases are returned. According to another study, merchandise worth nearly $ 326 million is returned each year in the USA．Two billion kilograms of this ends up in landfill, leading to 13 tons of CO2 being released.When we take all these factors into consideration, we realize that online shopping isn't necessarily as green as people might think. There is some positive news, as various online retailers are starting to lower their carbon footprint by turning to electric delivery vehicles. However, the question of how to deal with returns efficiently and without waste is a challenge that many companies have not wanted to face, but they have to shoulder responsibilities.1.What is a common belief about online shopping according to the text?A.It brings unpleasant changes.B. It increases companies' pressure.C. It is more environment-friendly.D. It costs less than in-store shopping.2. The data in Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4 mainly shows that________.A. waste from online shopping should be recycledB. customers should think twice before shoppingC. some online items are actually of poor qualityD. online shopping may cause much carbon footprint3. How do online retailers try to reduce carbon footprint?A. By cutting the distance of delivery.B. By using a greener way of delivery.C. By choosing to sell electric vehicles.D. By recycling their customers' returns.4. What is the best title for the text?A. Bad Environmental Impact of Online ShoppingB. Shopping Delivery Is Harming the EnvironmentC. The Advantages and Disadvantages of ShoppingD. Online Companies Cause Much Carbon Footprint【答案】1-4 CDBA【分析】这是一篇说明文。
专题05-2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习-阅读理解(解析版)
2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习05科普环保类1.（2018·北京）阅读理解CPlastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms' stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. ＂Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, ＂she explains, ＂The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. ＂Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical insome kind of industrial process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.＂（1）What can we learn about the worms in the study?A.They take plastics as their everyday food.B.They are newly evolved creatures.C.They can consume plastics.D.They wind up in landfills.（2）According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .A.identify other means of the breakdownB.find out the source of the enzymeC.confirm the research findingsD.increase the breakdown speed（3）It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .A.help to raise wormsB.help make plastic bagsC.be used to clean the oceansD.be produced in factories in future（4）What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To explain a study method on worms.B.To introduce the diet of a special worm.C.To present a way to break down plastics.D.To propose new means to keep eco-balance.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）D（4）C【解析】人类每年生产超过3亿吨的塑料。
2020-2021高考英语专题复习分类练习 阅读理解综合解答题含答案解析
一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解On average, Americans spend about 10 hours a day in front of a computer or other electronic devices and less than 30 minutes a day outdoors. That is a claim made by David Strayer, a professor of psychology at the University of Utah. In his 2017 TED Talk, Strayer explained that all this time spent with technology is making our brains tired.Using an electronic device to answer emails, listen to the news and look at Facebook puts a lot of pressure on the front of the brain, which, Strayer explains , is important for critical (有判断力的)thinking , problem-solving and decision-making.So, it is important to give the brain a rest. And being in naure, Strayer claims, helps get a tired brain away from too much technology. More than 15,000 campers from around the world attended an international camping festival in September. That is when friends and family take time off and escape to nature for several days. They take walks, climb, explore, swim, sleep, eat and play. Camping may be just what a tired brain needs.Take Carl for example .He lives in West Virginia and enjoys camping. He says that staying outdoors makes him feel at ease. It also prepares him for the work he must do. Kate Somers is another example who also lives in West Virginia. She says she enjoys camping with her husband and two children. She calls it a “regenerative” experience.At the University of Utah, David Strayer has studied both short-term and long-term exposure to nature. He found that spending short amounts of time in nature without technology does calm the brain and helps it to remember better. However, he found, it is the long-term contact with nature that does the most good. He and his research team found that spending three days in nature without any technology is enough time for the brain to fully relax and reset itself.（1）What is David Strayer's opinion?A. Americans dislike outdoor activities.B. Electronic equipment should be quitted.C. New technologies are a double-edged sword.D. Electronic equipment brings great convenience.（2）Why does Strayer insist we go outdoors?A. To try another lifestyle.B. To refresh our brain.C. To make better decisions.D. To play with our family and friends.（3）What does the underlined word “regenerative” mean?A. RebornB. MemorableC. RemarkableD. Tiring（4）Which is the proper title for the passage?A. Electronic Equipment Harms the Brain.B. Good Rest Develops Good Memory.C. Tips on Using New Technologies.D. Being in Nature Is Good for the Brain.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文属于科普文，主要阐述电子产品的过多使用让大脑得不到休息，因而鼓励人们多进行户外活动，让大脑休息。
2021年高考英语真题和模拟题分类汇编专题05形容词和副词(含解析)
专题05形容词和副词I、2021年高考真题（2021 •全国甲卷•语法填空・T5）...we decided it was time for some action and what 5 （good） than to ride on a piece of history!【答案】better【解析】考查形容词比较级。
句意：在花了一些时间査看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。
根据后文比较连（介）词than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级。
故填better«（2021-全国甲卷•语法填空・T10）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their10 （day） routines.【答案】daily【解析】考査形容词。
句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的II常生活。
修饰后文名词routines 应用day 的形容词daily,作疋语，修饰名词。
故填daily。
（2021-全国乙卷•语法填空・T8）Provide 8 （finance）aid and other ben efits for local peoples.【答案】financial【解析】考査形容词。
句意：为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。
根据空后名词aid可知,空格处应填形容词來修饰名i«J aid,finance的形容词形式为financiaL故填financiaL It will 3 （undoubted） help you get refreshed!（2021 •新高考I卷•语法填空・T3）【答案】undoubtedly【解析】考査副词。