常见的修辞格翻译5
修辞格与翻译
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❖What salt is to food, wit and humor are to conversation and literature.
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1. Simile （明喻）
❖A simile is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common.
❖ 妙语与幽默对于会话与文学，恰似盐对于食物一 样。
❖What sculpture is to a block of marble, (that) education is to the soul.
❖ 教育之于心灵，犹如雕刻之于大理石。 ❖What blood vessel is to a man’s body, (that)
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2. Metaphor （暗喻；隐喻）
❖A metaphor also makes a comparison between two elements, but unlike simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated.
❖Metaphor 借自希腊语metapherein一词，原意 为transfer （转换）。它也是一种比喻手法，但 是形式简练，表达含蓄，无需借助比喻词，而是 直接将甲事物当作乙事物来描写。
修辞格翻译
拟人（Personification） 拟人（Personification）
拟人就是把动物和没有生命的事物当成有思想感 情的人类来描写，甚至让它们具有人的行为。这 些事物可以是无生命的实体，还可以是抽象的概 念， 如：a smiling moon（微笑的月亮），a 如：a moon（微笑的月亮），a crying city（哭泣的城市），to strangle justice city（哭泣的城市），to （扼杀正义）等。 英汉两种语言中都有这种修辞手法，在翻译的时 候一般可采取直译的方法再现原文的生动形象。
3）We must work to live, and they give us such mean wages that we die. (Oscar Wilde, The Young King) King) 我们不得不做工来养活自己，可是他们只给我们那么少的 工钱，我们简直活不下去。 （巴金译） 4）Nay, he said—yes you did—deny it if you can, that said— did— you would not have confessed the truth, though master had cut you to pieces. (Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, A Foundling) Foundling) 他还说——你是这么说的，有本事你就抵赖好了。你还说， 他还说——你是这么说的，有本事你就抵赖好了。你还说， 就是老师把你剁成肉酱，你也绝不招出实情。（萧乾译）
修辞格翻译（2 修辞格翻译（2）
转喻（Metonymy） 转喻（Metonymy）
转喻就是借与人或事物有关联的事物来指代人或事物。根 据上下文，既可以直译，也 可以意译。首先请看下面的例句： 1）Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? 生命当真如此可贵，和平当真如此甜蜜，竟值得以枷锁和 奴役为代价去换取吗？ 在这里，chains（枷锁）指代“束缚”，直译既可以保留 在这里，chains（枷锁）指代“束缚”，直译既可以保留 原文的感染力，又可以为读者理解。但并不是在所有情况 下直译都是最好选择，例如：John 下直译都是最好选择，例如：John spent many years in chains beforehe saw his family again. Chains 在这里指 代“囚禁”，若译成“约翰在枷锁中过了许多年才又见到 他的家人”则嫌不够自然，可意译成“约翰在监牢里呆了 很多年才又见到他的家人”。
英语常用修辞格的翻译
省略；Ellipsis
eg：妈妈让他洗碗，她就不洗。 译文：Mother tells her to wash the dishes， but she will not（do it）
移就；Transferred Epithet
把本来用以修饰人的形容词移属于同人有关的抽象物 或具体物，这种貌似错误、实为妙用的修辞格叫做 “移就”（Transferred Epithet），它通过词语巧妙 的“移植”，来取得常规搭配所无法得到的效果。
转喻；Metonymy
Biblioteka eg： 秃头站在白背心的略略正对面，弯了腰， 去研究背心上的文字。（鲁迅：《示众》） 译文：Baldy，standing almost directly opposite White Jerkin，stooped to study the characters written on his jerkin. 有时采用意译更为合适 eg： 英雄所见略同。 译文：Great minds think alike.
递升；Climax
把事物按由小到大、由短到长、由低到高、由轻到重、由近 到远、由易到难、由浅到深等次序说下去，这种修辞手法叫 递升，英语里称作 climax。运用这一修辞手法，能够使要表 达的思想逐步加深、感情逐步强化，因而能增强语言的说服 力和感染力。 eg：事情就是这样，他来进攻，我们把他消灭了，他就舒服了。 消灭一点，舒服一点；消灭得多，舒服得多；彻底消灭，彻 底舒服。（ 毛泽东：《关于重庆谈判》） 译文：This is the way things are：if they attack and we wipe them out，they will have that satisfaction；wipe out some，some satisfaction；wipe out more，more satisfaction；wipe out the whole lot，complete satisfaction.
浅析英语习语中的修辞手法及其汉译
浅析英语习语中的修辞手法及其汉译作者：张枫来源：《新课程·教研版》2009年第21期摘要:习语是各种修辞手段的集中表现。
本文分析了英语习语的修辞特点,提出英语习语的翻译策略,有助于人们更好地理解与欣赏英语习语的文化内涵,提高运用语言的能力。
关键词:英语习语修辞翻译如果说英语习语是语言文化中一道美味的菜肴,修辞艺术就是这道菜肴中必不可少的调料。
多种多样的修辞手法美化和人化了英语习语,其中常用的修辞手法有明喻、暗喻、转喻、提喻、拟人、夸张、对照等等。
谙熟其修辞方式,了解其翻译的规律,有助于我们更好地理解与欣赏英语习语的文化内涵,提高运用语言的能力。
本文就英语习语中几种常见的修辞格及其翻译方法粗略地谈谈自己的看法。
一、英语习语中常见修辞格1.明喻(The simile)。
明喻就是用甲事物直接比作乙事物,把本体和喻体通过比喻词联系起来,以便使事物的形象更加逼真,说理更加透彻,具有说服力。
常用比喻词有as,like,seem,as though 等。
例如:March comes in like a lion and goes out like a lamb. 三月天气来如猛狮,去如绵羊。
2.隐喻(The metaphor)。
隐喻又称“暗喻”,是间接地把一物同与其具有某种相似点的另一物相比较。
隐喻的本体与喻体之间无需比喻词,直接把本体说成喻体。
例如:Money is the root of all evil. 金钱是万恶之源。
3.转喻(The metonymy)。
转喻也叫换喻,即对某一事物不直呼其名,用另一与之相关的事物代称。
在转喻中,本体和比喻词都不出现,而以喻体代替本体。
例如:No cross,no crown... 不经磨难, 就没有成功。
(cross“十字架”,crown“王冠”,喻指荣誉。
)4.提喻(Synecdoche)。
提喻也称代喻,它的典型特征是以局部代替整体,抽象代替具体,特殊代替一般,反之亦然。
英语修辞的翻译
提喻 （synecdoche)
No one grasped you by the shoulder while there was still time; and naught will awaken in you the sleeping poet or musician or astronomer that possibly inhabited you from the begi得目瞪口呆的事。他体内充 满创造力的魔鬼不停地挣扎，挥舞魔爪又抓 又挖，试图冲出体外。魔鬼一边撕扯，一边 尖声狂叫，要他谱写藏于体内的乐曲。他遭 受这般折腾，可是他那可怜的脑袋和身躯却 没有被压跨，岂不奇哉怪也。
双关 (Pun)
--What does that lawyer do after he dies? --Lie still.
矛盾（Oxymoron)
3. Parting is such sweet sorrow. (Romeo) 别离是如此地又甜蜜又令人心酸。
4. We are terribly pleased to hear the good news. 我们听到这一好消息真是欣喜若狂。
委婉（Euphemism)
1. That luster has taken a fancy to Middle Eastern dancing. 那个好色之徒现在开始喜欢看肚皮舞。
也许你一生下来就具有成为诗人、音乐家或天 文学家的天赋，但在时间还不算晚的时候，没 有人拉你一把，时机一过，就再也无法唤醒在 你身上沉睡着的才能了。
转喻（Metonymy）
转喻又称借代。它故意不用需要说的人或 物的本称，而是借用与该人或物密切相关 的事物来代替。
“A figure of speech that consists in using the name of one thing for that of something else with which it is associated.” (Webster’s New World Dictionary)
翻译中常见的修辞格
翻译中常见的修辞格由于我们精通汉语，所以英语写作中有各种各样的修辞手法。
今天，我将向你介绍20种最常见的英语修辞格。
仔细体验它们，并尝试在您的作文中使用它们:1、Simile 明喻明喻是指具有共同特征的不同事物的比较，共同特征存在于人的内心而非事物的自然属性。
标志词常用：like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as 等。
举个例子1. I wandered lonely as astay dog.我像一只流浪狗一样孤独地四处漂泊。
2. Einstein likes to put a cloak on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 爱因斯坦喜欢披着斗篷，就好像刚刚从童话故事中走出来。
2、metaphor 隐喻，暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻，是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物，通过比较形成。
举个例子1. Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.希望是顿美好的早餐，但却是一顿糟糕的晚餐。
2. Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.一些书需要被“浅尝辄止”地阅读，另一些需要被“狼吞虎咽”般地阅读；很少一部分需要被“细嚼慢咽”地阅读。
3、metaphor 隐喻，暗喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物，而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.举个例子1. 以容器代替内容，例如：1）The kettle boils.水开了。
2）The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着。
2. 以资料、工具代替事物的名称，例如：Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说。
3. 以代替作品，例如：a plete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集4. 以具体事物代替抽象概念，例如：I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱。
英语中所有26种修辞手法的全部解释和例句
英语修辞手法总结Figures of speech (修辞)are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, orto create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech.1) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.2) Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the worldis a stage.3) Analogy: (类比）It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.4) Personification: (拟人）It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.5) Hyperbole: (夸张） It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述） It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. Itachieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it,impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.7) Euphemism: (委婉） It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as " pass away".8) Metonymy (转喻）It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces).9) Synecdoche (提喻） It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or thewhole for the part. For instance, they say there's bread and work for all. She was dressedin silks.10) Antonomasia (换喻）It has also to do with substitution. It is not often mentioned now, though it is still in frequent use. For example, Solomon for a wise man. Daniel for a wise and fair judge. Judas for a traitor.11) Pun: (双关语） It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here "arms" has two meanings: a person's body; weapons carried by a soldier.)12) Syllepsis: (一语双叙） It has two connotations.In the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while properly applying to or agreeing with only on of them in grammar or syntax(句法). For example, He addressed you and me, and desired us to follow him. (Here us is used to refer to you and me.)In the second case, it a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. For example, while he was fighting , and losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue education and career. (Here to losing one's limbs in literal; to lose one's mindis figurative, and means to go mad.)13) Zeugma: (轭式搭配） It is a single word which is made to modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, orapplying to them in different senses. For example, The sun shall not burn you by day, nor the moon by night. (Here noon is not strong enough to burn)14) Irony: (反语） It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. For instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good.15) Innuendo: (暗讽） It is a mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundabout (曲折)way at something disparaging(不一致) or uncomplimentary(不赞美) to the person or subject mentioned. For example, the weatherman said it would be worm. He must take his readings in a bathroom.16) Sarcasm: (讽刺） It Sarcasm is a strong form of irony. It attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. For example, laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps break through.17) Paradox: (似非而是的隽语） It is a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the face of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary to established fact or practice, but which on further thinking and study may prove to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point. For example more haste, less speed.18) Oxymoron: (矛盾修饰） It is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining(结合) of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous(不协调) terms as in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos(混乱) and proud humility(侮辱).19) Antithesis: (对照） It is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve emphasis. For example, speech is silver; silence is golden.20) Epigram: (警句） It states a simple truth pithily(有利地) and pungently(强烈地). It is usually terse and arouses interest and surprise by its deep insight into certain aspects of human behavior or feeling. For instance, Few, save the poor, feel for the poor.21) Climax: (渐进） It is derived from the Greek word for "ladder" and implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity,like the steps of a ladder ascending evenly. For example, I came, I saw, I conquered.22) Anti-climax or bathos: (突降）It is the opposite of Climax. It involves stating one's thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity, from strong to weak, from weighty to light or frivolous. For instance, But thousands die, without or this or that, die, and endow(赋予) a college, or a cat.23) Apostrophe： (顿呼） In this figure of speech, a thing, place, idea or person (dead or absent) is addressed as if present, listening and understanding what is being said. For instance, England! awake! awake! awake!24) Transferred Epithet: (转类形容词） It is a figure of speech where an epithet (anadjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify(修饰) to another to which it does not really apply or belong. For instance, I spent sleeplessnights on my project.25) Alliteration: (头韵） It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(间隔) and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called "front rhyme". For instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free.26) Onomatopoeia: (拟声） It is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive(提示的) of some action or movementExplanation version1一、什么是修辞格修辞格(figures of speech)是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。
第8课 修辞格的翻译
樱花红陌上，柳叶绿池边。 （《周恩来诗选<春日偶成>》 The pathways red with cherry blossoms; The lakeside green with willow leaves.
2.4 设问（ question and answer)
设问就是用自问自答的形式来达到增强语 气、吸引注意力的效果，并可以起到承上 启下的作用，常用直译。例如： 1 ） Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. 2) To what is the increase of population? In part, I suppose, to a general increase in prosperity. 3) 既然小李已经向他道歉，他应该怎么做 呢？当然是原谅小李了。
2.1 Repetition
根据表达的需要，重复使用同一语句或词语的 修辞手法叫反复。可以突出感情，分清层次， 增添旋律美，加强节奏感。 April, April, Laugh thy girlish laughter. (W. Watson) 四月呀四月， 笑吧，姑娘般地笑吧。 A thin man in a thin overcoat watched them out of thin, emotionless eyes. 一个骨瘦如柴、衣服单薄、双目失神的男子注 视着他们。
Wherefore feed, and clothe, and save, From the cradle to the grave, Those ungrateful drones who would Drain your sweat—nay, drink your blood? —Song to the men of England Percy Bysshe Shelly
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一些人清醒，多数人被蒙蔽，少数是右 翼骨干。（《毛泽东选集》） Among the members of these parties some keep their heads, many are deceived, and a small number make up the nucleus of the right wing.
Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire. (William B. Yeats) 教育不是注满一桶水，而是点燃一把火。
“难道这也是个痴丫头，也像颦儿来葬花不成？” 因又暗自笑道：“若真是葬花，可谓‘东施效 颦’了，不但不为新奇，而且更为可厌。” （《红楼梦》） “Can this be another absurd maid coming to bury flowers like Daiyu?”he wondered in some amusement. “If so, she‟s Tun Shih imitating His Shih, which is not original but rather tiresome.” (Note: His Shih was a famous beauty in the ancient kingdom of Yue. Tung Shih was an ugly girl who tried to imitate her ways.)
张飞听了，瞋目大叱曰：“我哥哥是金枝 玉叶，你是何等人，敢称我哥哥为贤弟！ 你来！我和你斗三百合！” The moment Zhang Fei heard this, his eyes widened and he shouted, “Our brother is a prince of the blood, a jade leaf on the golden branch. Who are you to call him „young brother‟? Come out now and fight three hundred rounds with me. ”
The enemy‟s Achilles‟ heel was his harbour defense. 敌人的致命处在于其海港防御。
更多实例分析： 月光如流水一般，静静地泻在这一片叶子和花 上。薄薄的青雾浮起在荷塘里。叶子和花仿佛 在牛乳中洗过一样；又像笼着轻纱的梦。 Like flowing streams, moonlight rushes down, silently clothing every leaf and flower. The lotus pond is cloaked in light mist. （Mist floats above the lotus pond.）The leaves and flowers are somewhat white now as though they had been bathed in milk. One will feel he is in a dream covered with thin gauze.
后曰：“旦夕如坐针毡，似此为人，不 如早亡！妾看宦官中之忠义可托者，莫 如穆顺，当令寄此书。” “Day and night we sit on pins,” the Empress continued. “I prefer death to a life like this. Among our eunuchs Mu Shun is loyal and true. He could deliver the letter.”
New York was never mecca to me. And though I have lived there more than half my life, you won‟t find me wearing an “I love New York” T-shirt………….. 纽约对于我来说绝不是麦加。虽然我已 经在这里住了大半辈子，你却不会看到 我穿上一件印有“我爱纽约”字样的T恤。 （麦加：位于沙特阿拉伯西部，伊斯兰 教徒的朝圣地，后此专业名词普通化， 意为“圣地”或“渴望之地”。）
英汉语明喻标记比较明显，一般需出现比喻词， 汉语如像、如、仿佛、似等，英语如like，as， as if/though等。 英语的隐喻大致分三类：1.A is B；2.N1 of N2； 3.只出现本体。 All the world‟s a stage, and all men and women merely players. 整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。
他清清楚楚地看见一条丁字街，横在他 眼前。 He saw distinctly the cross-road ahead of him. After that long talk, Jim became the sun in her heart. 那次长谈之后，吉姆成了她心中的太阳。
She has a photographic memory for detail. 她对细节有照相机般的记忆力。 （把her memory比作camera，但喻体 camera没有出现。）
汉语暗喻大致也有三种，1.判断结构“甲是 乙”；2.本体和喻体同时出现，但无判断词； 3.状语加中心词（偏正式的结构） 薛蟠也假说来上学，不过是“三天打渔，两天 晒网”……也不曾有一点儿进益。（《红楼 梦》） Xue Pan had hastened to register himself as a pupil. His school-going was, needless to say, a pretence – “One day to fish and two days to dry the net” as they say – and had nothing to do with the advancement of learning. （杨宪益，戴乃迭）
树缝里也漏着一两点灯光，没精打采的， 是瞌睡人的眼。 Through the branches are also a couple of lamps, as listless as sleepy eyes. 他就像一只斗败的公鸡似的垂头丧气。 He was shaken and unnerved like a defeated fighting cock.
权曰：“今听臣言，则西蜀有泰山之安， 不听臣言，则主公有累卵之危矣。” Huang Quan replied: “Heed my words and our rule can be secure as Mountain Tai. Heed them not and your own position will become as precarious as a pile of eggs. ”
常见的修辞格翻译
一、比喻（figure of speech）
比喻无处不在，为各语言文化共有。 比喻有四个要素：本体（tenor），喻体 （vehicle），比喻词（comparative word）及相似点（point of resemblance）。这里主要谈谈明喻 （simile）和暗喻（metaphor）的翻译。
潭西南而望，斗折蛇行，明灭可见。 （柳宗元《小石潭记》） Viewed from the southwest, the pond sometimes zigzags like the shining Big Dipper and sometimes winds gloomily like a long creeping snake.
曹操下令军中曰：“今刘备釜中之鱼， 阱中之虎；若不就此时擒捉，如放鱼入 海，纵虎归山矣。众将可努力向前。” Cao Cao instructed his men: “Liu Bei‟s a fish in our pot, a tiger in our trap. If we don‟t take him, here and now, we‟ll be letting the fish back into the sea, setting the tiger free in the hills. Press forward and spare no effort.”
比喻的翻译方法主要有：直译、直译加 注、转换、意译等。明喻一般直译；暗 喻中英汉语共有的“A是B”结构比较适合 直译；带有文化内涵的习语型比喻常直 译加注；不适合直译的暗喻可考虑转换 为明喻，或者改变喻体；放弃比喻修辞， 翻译意义。
何等动人的一页一页！这是人类思维的 花朵。（徐迟《哥德巴赫猜想》） What inspiring chapters! They are the flowers of the human brainwork.
Hold fast to dreams, For if dreams die, Life is a broken-winged bird That cannot fly. (Langston Hughes) 紧紧抓住梦想吧， 如果梦想死亡， 生命就像折翼的鸟儿， 再也不能飞翔。
把这个赵寡妇在屏风后急得像热锅上的 蚂蚁一样。 All this made Zhao the widow behind the screen as frantic as an ant on a hot furnace. Marriage is a book of which the first chapter is written in poetry and remaining chapters in prose. 婚姻是一本书，第一章以诗写成，其余 各章则以散文写成。