上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结精选文档

上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结精选文档
上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结精选文档

上海牛津小学英语语法

知识总结精选文档 TTMS system office room 【TTMS16H-TTMS2A-TTMS8Q8-

上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结一般现在时

1、定义:表示经常发生或习惯性的动作、状态。句中通常有usually,often,every day,

sometimes,always,at weekends,on Sundays等表示经常性时间的短语。

2、构成:

1)当谓语是be动词时,一般现在时的构成:主语+be动词+其他

如:I am a student.

He is Jim’s father.

They are from Japan.

2)当谓语是行为动词时,一般现在时的构成:

①主语(非第三人称单数)+动词原形+其他

如:I often watch TV at the weekends.

Mr Green and Mrs Green like collecting stamps.

②主语(第三人称单数)+动词的第三人称单数形式+其他

如:Jim usually visits his grandparents on Sundays.

She sometimes goes to the park with her mother.

3、动词三单形式的变化规则:

?一般情况下,直接加s 如:read-reads,swim-swims

?以s,x,sh,ch,o结尾,加es

?如:wash-washes,watch-watches,do-does

?

?以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i,再加es

?如:study-studies,fly-flies

?

?不规则变化如:have-has

?4、一般现在时的句型转换:

肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答

They watch TV every day. They don’t watch TV

every day.

—Do they watch TV every day?

—Yes, they do. / No, they don’t.

She watches TV every day. She doesn’t

watch

TV every day.

—Does she watch TV every day?

—Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.

现在进行时

1、定义:表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。句中常有now,look,listen等词。

如:I am washing clothes now.

Look! Liu Tao is climbing the tree.

Listen! Jane is singing in the music room.

2、构成:be动词(am/is/are)+ 动词现在分词(V-ing)

3、动词现在分词构成:

?一般是在动词原形后加ing

如:read-reading,drink-drinking,eat-eating,look-looking

?以不发音的e结尾的动词,去掉e,再加ing

如:write-writing,make-making,ride-riding,take-taking

?以重读闭音节结尾,如末尾只有一个辅音字母,要双写这个字母,再加ing 如:sit-sitting,swim-swimming,put-putting,run-running,stop-stopping,get-getting,begin-beginning,jog-jogging,forget-forgetting

4、动名词其实就是动词的现在分词,它既有名词性质(可作主语),又有动词性质(可带宾

语)。

如:Asking the way

My hobby is collecting stamps.

He is good at skating.

5、现在进行时的句型转换:

肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答

He is running now. He isn’t running now. —Is he running now? —Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.

They are making a puppet. They aren’t making

a puppet.

—Are they making a puppet?

—Yes, they are. / No, they

aren’t.

一般过去时

1、定义:表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:

a moment ago,just now,yesterday,last week,this morning等。

如:My brother often went to school by bike last term.

The watch was beside the diary a moment ago.

I watched the moon and ate the moon cakes last Mid-Autumn Festival.

Jim went to the supermarket yesterday.

2、构成:主语+动词的过去式+其他

3、动词过去式的变化规则:

?一般在动词原形末尾加ed 如:play-played,listen-listened,look-looked ?结尾是e的动词,加d 如:live-lived,like-liked,taste-tasted

?辅音字母+y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加ed 如:study-studied,carry-carried,cry-cried

?

?末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写这个辅音字母,再加ed 如:stop-stopped,plan-planned

?

?不规则变化如:

am/is-was are-were have/has-had do-did

go-went sit-sat tell-told see-saw

get-got make-made give-gave read-read

buy-bought come-came draw-drew eat-ate fly-flew meet-met put-put run-ran say-said sing-sang swim-swam take-took 4、一般过去时的句型转换

肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答

He watched TV yesterday. He didn’t watch TV

yesterday.

—Did he watch TV yesterday?

—Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t.

They played games just now. They didn’t play games

just now.

—Did they play games just now?

—Yes, they did. / No, they didn’t.

一般将来时

1、定义:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,以及打算、计划或准备某事。句中一般含有表示将来的时间状语,如:tomorrow morning,next week,this afternoon等表示将来的时间状语。

2、构成:

①be gong to +动词原形

如:I am going to see a Beijing opera tomorrow.

We are going to meet at bus stop at half past ten.

Dad and I are going to see a Beijing opera this afternoon.

②will +动词原形

如:They will go swimming this afternoon.

3、be going to 和will 区别:

① be going to表示经过事先安排、打算或决定要做的事情,基本上一定会发生;will则表示有可能去做,但不一定发生,也常表示说话人的临时决定。

如:I am going to take part in a party this evening.

They are cleaning the library now. I’ll go and join them.

②be going to表示近期或眼下就要发生的事情;will表示的将来时间则较远一些。如:He is going to write a letter tomorrow.

I will meet her one day.

③ be going to还可以用来表示有迹象表明某件事将要发生,常用于天气等自然现象。如:Look! It’s going to rain.

4、一般将来时句型转换:

肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答

She is going to have a picnic tomorrow. She isn’t going to have a picnic tomorrow. —Is she going to have a

picnic tomorrow? —Yes, she is . / No, she

isn’t .

They will go swimming this afternoon. They will not(won’t) go swimming this afternoon. —Will they go swimming

this afternoon? —Yes, they will . / No, they

won’t .

句法

1、陈述句

说明事实或陈述说话人观点的句子。基本结构:主语+谓语+其他 1)肯定陈述句 We all like pandas very much.

2)否定陈述句 He doesn’t do housework at weekends

3)肯定陈述句改否定陈述句

①一般是在be 动词或情态动词后加not 。

Mary was at school yesterday. —> Mary was not at school yesterday. I can make a model plane. —>I can not make a model plane.

②不含be 动词或情态动词的,行为动词前要用助动词的否定式(don’t ,doesn’t ,didn’t ),后面跟动词的原形。

He likes drawing pictures.—>He doesn’t like drawing pictures.

I went to the park yesterday. —>I didn’t go to the park yesterday.

4)陈述句改一般疑问句

①有be 动词或情态动词的,把be 动词或情态动词提前。

Mary was at school yesterday. —> Was Mary at school yesterday I can make a model plane. —> Can you make a model plane ②不含be 动词或情态动词的句子,借助助动词开头,动词还原成原形。 He likes drawing pictures.—>Does he like drawing pictures.

I went to the park yesterday. —>Did you go to the park yesterday

2、疑问句

用来提出问题,询问情况的句子,末尾用问号。

1)一般疑问句:一般疑问句常用来询问一件事是否属实,通常以be 动词,助动词或情态动词开头,用yes 或no 来回答,因此又叫是非疑问句,通常读升调。 —Is Mr Green from the UK — Yes ,he is. / No ,he isn’t.

—Do you have any hobbies — Yes ,I do. / No ,I don’t. —Can you play the guitar — Yes ,I can. / No ,I can’t.

2)特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词引导,要求回答具体问题,不能用yes 或no 来回答。—How do you go to work every day — I go to work by car.

3)选择疑问句:提供两种或两种以上情况,让对方选择,往往用or连接。—Would you like some tea or coffee —

Some coffee, please.

4)反意疑问句:反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。—It’s a fine day, isn’t it —

Yes ,it is.

3、祈使句

表示请求或命令别人做某事或不做某事。

1)用于第二人称,通常省略you。

①肯定祈使句:Open the door, please.

②否定祈使句:Don’t be late again.

2)用于第一人称和第三人称,通常以let(let后跟宾格)或shall开头。

Let me have a look. Let’s play a game now. Let him go home now. Shall we meet at one thirty in front of the Garden Theatre?

4、感叹句

表达喜怒哀乐等强烈感情,句尾常用感叹号(!),语气用降调。

1)what + 名词或名词性短语

What a big garden (it is)!

What an interesting storybook (it is) !

What lovely weather (it is)!

What pretty girls (they are)!

2)how +形容词或副词+主语+动词

How nice!

How beautiful the flowers are!

How tall Yao Ming is!

5、there be 句型表示在某地有某人或某物。

1)主语是单数,be动词用is(was);主语是复数,be动词用are(were)。There is some milk in the fridge.

There are some peaches in the basket.

2)如果有几个不同的人或物并列存在,be动词根据最靠近的那个名词而定。There is a ruler and five knives in the pencil case.

There are five knives and a ruler in the pencil case.

3)there be句型和have/has区别:

there be句型表示某地有某人或某物;

have/has表示某人有某物。has用于第三人称单数,其余人称和数用have。There are some English books on the desk.

I have some English books.

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