麻疹(英文)
有关于麻疹的英文作文
有关于麻疹的英文作文英文：Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that can be very dangerous, especially for young children. The virus spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes, and can also be transmitted by touching contaminated surfaces. Symptoms of measles include fever, cough, runny nose, and a rash that spreads all over the body.I remember when I was a child, there was a measles outbreak in my school. Many of my classmates got sick and had to stay home for weeks. It was a scary time for everyone, and I remember feeling grateful that I had been vaccinated against the disease. Vaccines are the best way to prevent measles and other infectious diseases, and I believe that everyone should get vaccinated to protect themselves and their communities.Unfortunately, there are still many people who are hesitant or resistant to getting vaccinated. Some believe that vaccines are unsafe or that they can cause autism, despite overwhelming scientific evidence to the contrary. Others may not have access to vaccines or may not understand the importance of getting vaccinated. This is a major public health issue, as outbreaks of measles and other vaccine-preventable diseases continue to occur around the world.As a healthcare professional, I believe that it is our responsibility to educate the public about the importance of vaccination and to address any concerns or misconceptions that people may have. We need to work together to ensure that everyone has access to vaccines and that we can prevent the spread of infectious diseases like measles.中文：麻疹是一种高度传染性的病毒性疾病，对于年幼的儿童来说尤为危险。
关于生病的英文单词
scabies, itch 疥疮
scarlet fever 猩红热
sciatica 坐骨神经痛
sclerosis 硬化
septicemia, septicaemia 败血病
sinusitis 窦炎
smallpox 天花
swamp fever 沼地热
whooping cough 百日咳
yellow fever 黄热病
Disease 疾病
anemia, anaemia 贫血
angina pectoris 心绞痛
appendicitis 阑尾炎
arthritis 关节炎
bronchitis 支气管炎
cancer 癌
neuralgia 神经痛
neurasthenia 神经衰弱
paralysis 麻痹
peritonitis 腹膜炎
pharyngitis 咽炎
phtisis 痨病,肺结核
pneumonia 肺炎
poliomyelitis 脊髓灰质炎
rabies 狂犬病
rheumatism 风湿病
gangrene 坏疽
German measles, rubella 风疹
gout 痛风
headache 头痛
hemiplegy, hemiplegia 偏瘫,半身不遂
interus, jaundice 黄疸
indigestion 消化不良
influenza, flu 流感
catarrh 卡他,粘膜炎
chicken pox, varicella 水痘
(完整版)常见疾病英文单词
常见疾病英文单词cough 咳嗽asthma 哮喘pneumonia 肺炎dermatitis皮炎gastritis 胃炎hepatitis 肝炎appendicitis 盲肠炎arrhythmia 心律不齐diarrhoea 痢疾acne 粉刺freckle/ephelis 痣，雀斑endemic 水土不服sprain 扭伤stupor 昏迷bruise 淤伤scalding烫伤shuddering 发抖inflammation 炎症acute 急症chronic 慢性病congenital 先天性病nausea恶心vomit 呕吐freckle/ephelis 痣，雀斑acne 粉刺痢疾,腹泻/拉肚子diarrhea，diarrhoea，laxness，scour，tummyTummy 胃, 肚子(常指旅游者患的)腹痛, 腹泻flu 流感diarrhoea 痢疾quarantine 检疫vaccinate 打疫苗endemic 水土不服relapse 复发症casualty急症stupor 昏迷sprain 扭伤scalding烫伤graze 擦伤scratch 搔挠trauma 外伤bruise 淤伤fracture骨折dislocation 脱臼tinnitus 耳鸣trachoma 沙眼colour blindness 色盲nearsightedness/myopia近视astigmatism 散光gingivitis 牙龈炎cavity 龋齿fever 发烧discomfort/disorder 不适malnutrition 营养不良incubation 潜伏期asthenia 虚弱poisoning 中毒fatigue 疲劳heat stroke 中暑itching 发痒ache/pain 痛tetanus 破伤风night sweat 盗汗chill 打冷颤pale 脸色发白Disease 疾病anemia, anaemia 贫血angina pectoris 心绞痛appendicitis 阑尾炎arthritis 关节炎bronchitis 支气管炎cancer 癌catarrh 卡他, 粘膜炎chicken pox, varicella 水痘cholera 霍乱cold 感冒, 伤风, 着凉(head) cold 患感冒diabetes 糖尿病diphtheria 白喉eczema 湿疹epilepsy 癫痫erysipelas 丹毒gangrene 坏疽German measles, rubella 风疹gout 痛风headache 头痛hemiplegy, hemiplegia 偏瘫, 半身不遂icterus, jaundice 黄疸indigestion 消化不良influenza, flu 流感insanity 精神病leukemia 白血病malaria 疟疾malnutrition 营养不良Malta fever 马耳他热, 波状热measles 麻疹migraine, splitting headache 偏头痛miocardial infarction 心肌梗塞mumps 流行性腮腺炎neuralgia 神经痛neurasthenia 神经衰弱paralysis 麻痹peritonitis 腹膜炎pharyngitis 咽炎phtisis 痨病, 肺结核pneumonia 肺炎poliomyelitis 脊髓灰质炎rabies 狂犬病rheumatism 风湿病rickets, rachitis 佝偻病scabies, itch 疥疮scarlet fever 猩红热sciatica 坐骨神经痛sclerosis 硬化septicemia, septicaemia 败血病sinusitis 窦炎smallpox 天花swamp fever 沼地热syncope 晕厥syphilis 梅毒tetanus 破伤风thrombosis 血栓形成torticollis, stiff neck 斜颈tuberculosis 结核病tumour,tumor 瘤typhus 斑疹伤寒urticaria, hives 荨麻疹whooping cough 百日咳yellow fever 黄热病zona, shingles 带状疮疹。
西医皮肤科术语英文翻译
西医皮肤科术语英文翻译以下是常见的西医皮肤科术语英文翻译：1. 皮肤瘙痒症：Pruritus2. 银屑病：Psoriasis3. 湿疹：Eczema4. 接触性皮炎：Contact Dermatitis5. 荨麻疹：Urticaria6. 痤疮：Acne7. 黄褐斑：Melasma8. 神经性皮炎：Neurodermatitis9. 皮肤癌：Skin Cancer10. 皮肤癣：Dermatophytes11. 扁平疣：Flat Warts12. 尖锐湿疣：Condyloma Acuminata13. 带状疱疹：Herpes Zoster14. 皮肤囊肿：Skin Cysts15. 脂溢性皮炎：Seborrheic Dermatitis16. 日光性皮炎：Solar Dermatitis17. 斑秃：Alopecia Areata18. 皮肤色素沉着：Skin Pigmentation19. 皮肤淀粉样变：Cutaneous Amyloidosis20. 白癜风：Vitiligo21. 毛发疾病：Hair Disorders22. 鱼鳞病：Ichthyosis23. 天疱疮：Pemphigus24. 大疱性皮肤病：Bullous Skin Diseases25. 皮肤血管瘤：Skin Angiomas26. 皮肤痣：Skin Nevi27. 皮肤纤维瘤：Dermatofibroma28. 皮肤结核病：Cutaneous Tuberculosis29. 性传播疾病：Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)30. 皮肤囊肿切除术：Skin Cystectomy31. 皮肤活检：Skin Biopsy32. 光疗：Phototherapy33. 皮肤磨削术：Dermatabrasion34. 激光治疗：Laser Therapy35. 冷冻疗法：Cryotherapy36. 电疗法：Electrotherapy37. 皮肤移植：Skin Transplantation38. 化学剥脱术：Chemical Peeling39. 外用药治疗：Topical Therapies for Skin Conditions40. 免疫疗法：Immunotherapy for Skin Diseases41. 生发治疗：Hair Restoration Therapies42. 皮肤保湿治疗：Moisturizing Therapies for the Skin43. 化学发光法检测梅毒螺旋体抗体试验（RPR）：Chemiluminescent Assay (CLIA) for Serological Testing of Treponema Pallidum Antibodies (RPR)44. 自身免疫性皮肤病：Autoimmune Skin Diseases (AIDs)45. 罕见皮肤病学疾病：Rare Skin Diseases (RDs)。
疾病专业英文名称大全
科疾病英文名称英文疾病名称中文疾病名称ICD—-CM 年版ICD—-CM 年版 A Code Abdominal pain 腹痛。
AAcne vulgaris 痤疮。
. AAcute appendicitis 急性阑尾炎. 。
AAcute bronchitis 急性支气管炎. . AAcute confusional state 急性谵妄。
AAcute conjuntivitis 急性结膜炎. . AAcute gastroenteritis 急性胃肠炎。
. AAcute glomerulonephritis 急性肾丝球肾炎。
. AAcute myocardial infarction 急性心肌梗塞。
. AAcute pancreatitis 急性胰脏炎。
AAcute pyelonephritis 急性肾盂肾炎。
. AAcute renal failure 急性肾衰竭. 。
AAcute sinusitis 急性鼻窦炎. . AAcute tonsillitis 急性扁桃腺炎 AAcquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS）后天免疫不全症候群。
A Alcoholic drunkenness 酒醉。
. AAlcoholic gastritis 酒精性胃炎。
. AAlcoholic liver cirrhosis 酒精性肝硬化. . AAlcoholic liver damage 酒精性肝损害. . AAllergic rhinitis 过敏性鼻炎. 。
AAnemia 贫血. . AAnemia (acute blood loss) 急性出血后贫血. . AAnemia （folate deficiency) 叶酸缺乏性贫血. 。
AAnemia (iron deficiency）缺铁性贫血。
. AAnemia (vitamin B deficiency) 维生素Ｂ１２缺乏性贫血。
生病英语短语
生病英语短语每个人都会在某个时刻生病，并且时常需要使用一些英语表达来描述自己所感受到的病痛。
因此能掌握一些常见的生病英语短语会让你在面对即将到来的尴尬时刻时更加得心应手。
首先，当你某一天感觉头疼的时候，可以说I have a headache。
如果你正在经历感冒，则可以用I have a cold来表达。
当你发现自己咳嗽起来时，可以用I have a cough来形容。
Feeling nauseous 意思是“恶心”，而have a fever则表示“发烧”，你也可以用I have a sore throat来表示“喉咙疼”，还有I have a stomachache表示“胃疼”。
另外，如果你前面一段时间刚感染过一种疾病，而现在却发现自己身体不太舒服，可以用I am not feeling well来形容。
也可以用I don feel very good来表达同样的意思。
总而言之，学习一些生病英语短语会大有帮助，那么，让我们开始具体的学习吧！首先，要学习一些和流行病有关的英语短语，如influenza（流感），measles（麻疹），mumps（腮腺炎），whooping cough（百日咳）等等。
其次，要学习一些和病症类型有关的英语短语，如allergies（过敏），bronchitis（支气管炎），asthma（哮喘），diabetes（糖尿病），epilepsy（癫痫）等等。
另外，要学习一些关于药物的英语短语，如antibiotic（抗生素），inhaler（吸入剂），painkiller（止痛药），cough drops（止咳糖果），laxative（泻药）等等。
此外，要学习一些英语短语来描述你的身体状况，如I am feeling under the weather（我感觉身体不太舒服），I feel shaky（我感觉身体不稳定），I am feeling listless（我感觉疲惫），I feel dizzy （我感觉头晕），I have an upset stomach（我胃痛）等等。
医诊词汇中英文
1medicine 药口服药2history-taking 采集病史3vertigo/dizziness 眩晕头晕4nausea 恶心5bowel 肠6medical history 病史7operation 手术8internal medicine 内科学9treatment 治疗10rubella/German measles 风疹11chickenpox 水痘12 measles麻疹13tonsil 扁桃体14appendix 阑尾，盲肠15diabetes 糖尿病16express 挤出17insulin 胰岛素18injection 注射剂19immunization 预防接种20appendicitis 阑尾炎21heal 愈合22shot 注射（口语）23high blood pressure 高血压24symptom 症状25blood pressure 血压26thyroid 甲状腺27hospitalization/admission（to hospital）28surgery 手术29treatment 治疗30family history 家族史31pop off 死亡，突然死亡32heart attack心脏病发作33tablet 片剂34run 流（液）35pneumonia 肺炎36cough 咳嗽37smoke 吸烟38drink 饮酒39smoking 名词吸烟40drinking 名词饮酒41be made redundant 失业42odd 偶然的临时的43 mortgage 住房抵押贷款44landlord房东45complaint 诉说46allergic 过敏性的47be short of breath 气急48respiratory system 呼吸系统49circulatory system 循环系统50shed 脱落51lung 肺52numb 麻木的53overleaf 在背面54throbbing 抽痛的55stabbing 刺穿的刺痛的56colicky 刀绞样的（colic绞痛）57migraine 偏头痛58throbbing 一跳一跳的59pulsating 搏动性的60tender 压痛的61onset 起病62duration 持续时间63severe 严重的64chest 胸部65constrict 收缩66choking 窒息67abdomen 腹部68recurrent 复发的69flank 腰侧70intermittent 间歇性的71bloated 腹胀的72heartburn 胃灼热烧心感73indigestion消化不良74kidney 肾脏75urinary 泌尿的76nagging 恼人的77abdominal 腹部的78tingling 刺痛的79cramping 痉挛的80acute 急性的81chronic 慢性的82circumscribed 局限的83diffused 扩散的84excruciating 极痛的85fix 固定86sore 疼痛87extremities 四肢88spasmodic 痉挛性的89contraction 收缩90attack 发作91subside 平息92side-effect 副作用93menstrual period 月经94appropriate 适宜的95nauseous 恶心的96medication 药物治疗97feel sick 觉得恶心98vomit 呕吐99treat 治疗100vertigo/dizziness 眩晕头晕101dizzy spell 眩晕发作102light-headedness 头晕103lateral 侧面的104turn 发作105pulsion 推出106tinnitus 耳鸣107ENT specialist 耳鼻喉专科医生108optician 验光师109jargon 专门术语行话110wobbly 摆动的111ringing 耳鸣112perspiration 出汗113shiver 打颤114tongue 舌115bloat 膨胀116heart murmur 心脏杂音117soak 浸透118get soaking wet 湿透了119orally 经口途径120tremble 战栗121perspire 出汗122shiver/chill 畏寒123armpit 腋窝124rattle 咯咯作响125oral 口服的126nausea 恶心127bring（throw）up 呕吐128 varicose veins 静脉曲张129spurt 喷出130queasy 反胃131ground coffee 咖啡渣132belch/burp 嗳气打嗝133 projectile 喷射性的134nauseous 恶心的135retch 干呕136bile 胆汁137wind肠气138mucus 粘液139depression 忧郁症140motion sickness 晕动症141expiration 呼气142inspiration 吸气143exertion 努力144aggravate 恶化加重145pulmonary 肺的146bronchodilator 支气管扩张剂147lung 肺148congestion淤血149respiratory 呼吸的150 wheeze 哮鸣151 hoarse 沙哑的152 whoop喘咳153fit 发作154pertussis 百日咳155 breathe 呼吸（breathe in 吸气，breathe out 呼气）156harsh 刺耳的157 streak 线条158 phlegm /sputum 痰159blurred 模糊的160vision视觉，视力161radiate放射162groin腹股沟163swelling肿胀164ankle踝部165palpitation心悸166diagnose诊断167appetite食欲168cholesterol胆固醇169dairy products 乳制品170bowel 肠171stool大便172constipated 便秘173flush脸红潮红174enema灌肠175laxative缓泻剂176chemist药剂师177stomach畏178pass wind 放屁179tendency趋向180flatulence肠胃胀气181rectal直肠的（rectum:直肠)182piles/hemorrhoids痔183itch痒184bleed出血185tarry柏油样的186bleeding出血187blood transfusion 输血（transfusion：输注）188clot凝块189donor供者190congeal凝结191blood血型192gum牙龈193inherited 遗传的194scratch搔195stick木杖196pulse脉搏197isotope同位素198gallbladder胆囊199lymph node 淋巴结200brain脑201rash皮疹202viral病毒性的203infection感染204prescription处方205the pill 口服避孕药206talcum powder滑石粉207antiemetic 止吐剂208anthelminthics 驱虫剂209urine尿210anti-inflammatory抗炎的211anti-inflammatory drug 抗炎药（inflammation 炎症）212induce诱发213tranquility安静214antitussive镇咳性的215diuretic利尿剂216eliminate去除剂217worm虫蠕虫218mucolytic黏液溶解剂219sedative/tranquilizer镇静剂解痉的220viscid黏的221asthma哮喘222dilate扩张223blood vessel 血管224circulation循环225analgesic/painkiller 止痛药226inhaler吸入器227muscle relaxant 肌肉松弛药228pill丸剂229antibiotic抗生素230prescribe开处方231allergy过敏232liniment搽剂233lozenge糖锭，甜片剂234ointment软膏235tincture酊剂236swallow吞下237inhale吸入238pinch捏239solution溶液240gargle含漱241menstruation/(menstrual）period/menses月经242smear涂片243lump肿块244breast乳房245depressed沮丧的246bulgy膨隆的247sanitary卫生的248vaginal阴道的（vagina名词）249discharge分泌物250sexual intercourse 性交251menorrhagia月经过多252metrorrhagia子宫不规则出血253dyspareunia性交疼痛254prolapse子宫脱垂255uterus/womb子宫256urination排尿257haywire（口语）出毛病258herpes疱疹259bottom臀部260pregnancy妊娠261contraception避孕262take precaution采取预防措施263condom避孕套264pregnant怀孕的（pregnancy）265morning sickness早孕反应266tummy 肚子267tin罐头268spend a penny 上厕所269secretion分泌270thrush鹅口疮271urination排尿272ultrasound超声波273internal examination 妇科检查274termination/abortion流产275tubule pregnancy 输卵管妊娠276miscarriage流产277still birth 死产278caesarean section 剖腹产279premature早产的280preeclampsia 先兆子痫281complication并发症282convulsion抽搐283albuminuria蛋白尿284forceps钳子285epidural（anesthesia）硬膜外的（麻醉）286formula人工喂养配方公式287maternal母亲的288peripatetic 巡回的289artificial人工的290termination终止妊娠291evacuate排清292perineum会阴293betadine聚烯吡酮碘294sterile无菌的295drape布帘296bimanual用双手的297pelvic骨盆的298cervix子宫颈299speculum窥镜300vulsellum（forcepes）有钩的钳子301cavity腔302suction吸引303due date 预产期304overdue过期的305drip点滴306waters羊水307amniotic羊水308bladder膀胱309placenta胎盘310rectum直肠311coil避孕环312cap/diaphragm子宫颈帽313coitus interruptus性交中断，体外射精314mini pill小剂量口服避孕药315combined pill 混合型口服避孕药316IUD（intra-uterine device）宫内避孕器317contraceptive避孕的318climacteric更年期的319menopause绝经期320hot flushes 热潮红321hysterectomy 子宫切除术322fallopian tube输卵管323night sweat 盗汗324estrogen 雌激素325progesterone孕激素326hormone激素327hormone replacement therapy （HRT)激素替代疗法328osteoporosis骨质疏松329incision切口330cancer癌症331endometriosis子宫内膜异位症332fibroid纤维瘤333tissue组织334inflammatory炎症的335organ器官336malignant恶性的337ovary卵巢338droop下垂339pelvis骨盆340tube管341biopsy活检342post-coital性交后的343vabra真空吸引器344recurrence复发345multiple sclerosis多发性硬化症346para经产347adhesion黏连348polyp息肉349OS骨350cystocele膀胱膨出351HSV（herpes simplex virus)单纯疱疹病毒352therapy治疗353purpura紫癜354practice开业355neonatalz新生儿的356nursery育儿室357resuscitation复苏358jaundice黄疸359spatula压舌板360belly button 脐361reflex反射362Nystatin制霉菌素363swab药签364bedding被褥365duvet绒毛等制成的被子366breast-feed 母乳喂养的367scan扫描368congenital先天性的369wean断奶370psychomotor精神运动371calpola扑热息痛372tonsillitis扁桃体炎373pyloric幽门狭窄374vomitus呕吐物375obstructive bronchitis 阻塞性支气管炎376cold感冒377meningitis脑膜炎378drowsiness嗜睡379lumpy muscles 肌肉肿块380ruleout 排除381spinal tap 腰椎穿刺382lumbar puncture 腰椎穿刺383febrile发热的384jerking痉挛385soil弄脏386tepid water 温水387paracetamol扑热息痛388nature本质389bedwetting尿床390urology泌尿外科学391benign良性的392prostate hyperplasia 前列腺增生症393prostatitis前列腺炎394prostatectomy前列腺摘除术395cystitis 膀胱炎396cystoscopy膀胱镜检查术397renal stone 肾结石398infertility不育399trickle滴沥400pass water 小便排尿401drizzle 下毛毛雨402dribble滴沥403bladder囊404GP(general practitioner):全科医师405prostate前列腺406urologist 泌尿科医师407urethra尿道408penis阴茎409out-patient门诊410preoperative术前的411postoperative术后的412abstinence 饮食禁忌413fizzy发泡性的414constipation便秘415floor打倒416bout发作417physical examination 体检418scan扫描419ultrasound scan 超声波检查420department部门421procedure步骤422be hospitalized 住院423loin 腰部424frank 明确的425genitalia生殖器426anus肛门427grit沙烁428semen精液429sperm精子430testicular 睾丸的431questionnaire问卷432external genitalia外侧生殖器433 STD（sexually transmitted disease）性传播疾病434deafness耳聋435wax耳垢436otitis externa外耳炎437otitis media438foreign body 异物439nosebleed 鼻血440sinusitis 鼻窦炎441deviated（nasal）septum 鼻中隔弯曲442pharynx 咽443kidney basin 弯盘444magnify放大445otoscope 耳镜446scar 疤痕447contextual 与上下文有关的448claustrophobic 幽闭恐惧症的449hereditary遗传的450clogged阻塞的451external ear canal 外耳道452perforation 穿孔453sensoneural hearing loss:感觉神经性听觉丧失454scarlet fever 猩红热455high-pitched 声音尖锐的456syringe 注射器457insect 昆虫458flea 跳騷459bacteria细菌460boil红肿461boil 疖462come to a head脓点成熟了463scalp头皮464nick 切痕465pus 脓466hypertension高血压467nostril鼻孔468vaseline凡士林469scab痂470verbal口头的471bandage绷带472gauze纱布473bolster长枕垫474bull eye lamp 牛眼灯475shin 胫骨476antrum 窦腔477trocar 套管针478cannula套管479 faint晕倒480collapse虚脱481mucosa黏膜482inferior meatus 下鼻道483antero-superior alveolar nerve 前上齿槽神经484incisor 门牙485tragus 耳屏486ipsilateral 同侧的487index finger 食指488specimen 标本489culture 培养物490sinus窦鼻窦491irrigate 灌洗492cocaine可卡因493paste糊剂494aspirate吸引495deviated nasal septum 鼻中隔弯曲症496discharge（from hospital）：出院497larynx/voice box 喉498laryngitis 喉炎499hoarse沙哑的声嘶的500voice box 喉501throat 咽喉502tongue depressor 压舌板503hoarseness 声嘶504aphonic失声的505edematous水肿的506vocal cords声带507carcinoma癌508laryngoscopy喉镜检查509FRCS(Fellow of the College of Surgeons)英国外科医生学会会员510admission入院511histology 组织学512leukoplakia黏膜白斑513speech therapist语言治疗师514inflame发炎515scoliosis脊柱侧弯516dislocation脱位517hip髋518rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿性关节炎519physiotherapy 物理疗法520flat feet 扁平足521rickets佝偻病513sprain扭伤514digit指515fracture骨折516limb肢体517rigid僵硬的518secure 固定519joint关节520cartilage软骨521telescope硬镜522plaster石膏523radius桡骨524fingertip 指尖525brace支架526spine脊柱527crooked 弯曲的528cripple 使残疾529infantile 小儿的530immobile 不动的固定的531crease 皱褶532click发出嗒嗒声533 ligament韧带534harness约束带535limp跛行536post-op 术后的537finding 所见发现538arthritis关节炎539indigestion消化的540heartburn胃灼热，烧心感541manifestation临床表现542systemic全身性的543affliction痛苦544physiotherapist 理疗师545penetrate穿透546stimulation兴奋剂，酒547bunion滑囊肿548corn鸡眼549hammer toe 锤状趾550deformity 畸形551flexion屈曲552slant倾斜553friction摩擦554sole脚掌555malnutrition营养不良556thyroidism甲状腺功能亢进症557esophagus食管558hernia疝559embolism栓塞560administer用药。
常见疾病树木水果蔬菜英文
常见疾病树木水果蔬菜英文————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：Disease 疾病anemia, anaemia 贫血angina pectoris 心绞痛appendicitis 阑尾炎arthritis 关节炎bronchitis 支气管炎cancer 癌catarrh 卡他, 粘膜炎chicken pox, varicella 水痘cholera 霍乱cold 感冒, 伤风, 着凉(head) cold 患感冒diabetes 糖尿病diphtheria 白喉eczema 湿疹epilepsy 癫痫erysipelas 丹毒gangrene 坏疽German measles, rubella 风疹gout 痛风headache 头痛hemiplegy, hemiplegia 偏瘫, 半身不遂icterus, jaundice 黄疸indigestion 消化不良influenza, flu 流感insanity 精神病leukemia 白血病malaria 疟疾malnutrition 营养不良Malta fever 马耳他热, 波状热measles 麻疹migraine, splitting headache 偏头痛miocardial infarction 心肌梗塞mumps 流行性腮腺炎neuralgia 神经痛neurasthenia 神经衰弱paralysis 麻痹peritonitis 腹膜炎pharyngitis 咽炎phtisis 痨病, 肺结核pneumonia 肺炎poliomyelitis 脊髓灰质炎rabies 狂犬病rheumatism 风湿病rickets, rachitis 佝偻病scabies, itch 疥疮scarlet fever 猩红热sciatica 坐骨神经痛sclerosis 硬化septicemia, septicaemia 败血病sinusitis 窦炎smallpox 天花swamp fever 沼地热syncope 晕厥syphilis 梅毒tetanus 破伤风thrombosis 血栓形成torticollis, stiff neck 斜颈tuberculosis 结核病tumour,tumor 瘤typhus 斑疹伤寒urticaria, hives 荨麻疹whooping cough 百日咳yellow fever 黄热病zona, shingles 带状疮疹cough 咳嗽asthma 哮喘pneumonia 肺炎heart disease 心脏病arrhythmia 心律不齐indigestion 消化不良gastritis 胃炎appendicitis 盲肠炎hepatitis 肝炎dermatitis皮炎freckle/ephelis 痣，雀斑shuddering 发抖inflammation 炎症acute 急症chronic 慢性病congenital 先天性病nausea恶心vomit 呕吐acne 粉刺flu 流感diarrhoea 痢疾quarantine 检疫vaccinate 打疫苗endemic 水土不服relapse 复发症casualty急症stupor 昏迷sprain 扭伤scalding烫伤graze 擦伤scratch 搔挠trauma 外伤bruise 淤伤fracture骨折dislocation 脱臼tinnitus 耳鸣trachoma 沙眼colour blindness 色盲nearsightedness/myopia近视astigmatism 散光gingivitis 牙龈炎cavity 龋齿fever 发烧discomfort/disorder 不适malnutrition 营养不良incubation 潜伏期asthenia 虚弱poisoning 中毒fatigue 疲劳heat stroke 中暑itching 发痒ache/pain 痛tetanus 破伤风night sweat 盗汗chill 打冷颤pale 脸色发白常见树木的英文pine 松cerdar 雪松类arch 落叶松juniper 杜松cone 松果cypress 柏树bamboo 竹box 黄杨poplar 白杨cottonwood 三角叶杨osier 紫皮柳树willow 垂柳birch 白桦maple 枫树sequoia 红杉fir 冷杉hemlock spruce 铁杉spruce 云杉yew 紫杉eucalytus 桉树locust 洋槐wattle 金合欢树camphor tree 樟树rosewood 紫檀ebony 乌檀sandalwood 檀香木satinwood 椴木linden 椴树rowan 欧洲山梨teak 柚木树elm 榆木树oak 橡树acorn 橡树果sycamore 美国梧桐ginkgo 银杏树holly 冬青coco 椰树date 枣椰树hickory 山核桃树plane tree 悬铃树beech 山毛榉horse chestnut 七叶树blackthorn 黑刺李baobab 猴面包树elder 接骨木myrtle 桃金娘科植物cycad 苏铁oil palm 油棕榈树treetop 树梢branch 树枝twig 小树枝bough 大树枝knot 树节trunk 树干leaf 树叶sprout 新芽sapling 树苗stump 树桩root 树根root hair 根毛taproot 主根bark 树皮resin 树脂pith 木髓cambium 形成层ring 年轮wood 木材Flowers 花卉amaryllis 孤挺花anemone 银莲花anther 花药apple 苹果apricot 杏azalea 杜鹃花balsam 凤仙花begonia 秋海棠Brazil 巴西木cactus 仙人掌camellia 山茶花canna 美人蕉cantury plant 龙舌兰carnation 麝香石竹(康乃馨) Chinese enkianthus 灯笼花Chinese flowering crab-apple 海棠花chrysanthemum 菊花cosmos 大波斯菊crocus 番红花cyclamen 仙客来daffodil 黄水仙dahlia 大丽花daisy 雏菊daphne 瑞香datura 曼陀罗dogwood 山茱萸epiphyllum 昙花freesia 小苍兰fringed iris 蝴蝶花fuchsia 倒挂金钟gardenia 栀子geranium 大竺葵gladiolus 剑兰hawthorn 山楂hibiscus 木槿hyacinth 风信花hydrangea 八仙花India canna 美人蕉iris 蝴蝶花jasmine 茉莉lilac 紫丁香lily 百合花mangnolia 木兰花mangnolia 玉兰花marguerite, daisy 雏菊marigold 金盏花morning glory 牵牛(喇叭花) narcissus 水仙花nectar gland 蜜腺night-blooming cereus 仙人掌oleander 夹竹桃orange 桔子orchid 兰花ovary 子房pansy 三色堇pear 梨peony 牡丹,芍药petal 花瓣phalaenopsis 蝶兰pink 石竹花pistil 雌蕊plum 洋李pollen 花粉poppy 罂粟花quince 柑橘redbud 紫荆rhododendron 杜鹃花rose 玫瑰花sepal 萼片setose asparagus 文竹stalk 花柄stamen 雄蕊sunflower 向日葵sweet pea 香豌豆花touch-me-not (balsam) 凤仙花tulip 郁金香violet, stock violet 紫罗兰water hyacinth 凤眼兰wisteria 柴藤yucca 丝兰常见蔬菜的英文名称string bean 四季豆pea 豌豆green soy bean 毛豆soybean sprout 黄豆芽mung bean sprout 绿豆芽bean sprout 豆芽kale 甘蓝菜cabbage 包心菜; 大白菜broccoli 花椰菜mater convolvulus 空心菜dried lily flower 金针菜mustard leaf 芥菜celery 芹菜tarragon 蒿菜beetroot, beet 甜菜agar-agar 紫菜lettuce 生菜spinach 菠菜leek 韭菜caraway 香菜hair-like seaweed 发菜preserved szechuan pickle 榨菜salted vegetable 雪里红lettuce 莴苣asparagus 芦荟bamboo shoot 竹笋dried bamboo shoot 笋干chives 韭黄ternip 白萝卜carrot 胡萝卜water chestnut 荸荠ficus tikaua 地瓜long crooked squash 菜瓜loofah 丝瓜pumpkin 南瓜bitter gourd 苦瓜cucumber 黄瓜white gourd 冬瓜gherkin 小黄瓜yam 山芋taro 芋头beancurd sheets 百叶champignon 香菇button mushroom 草菇needle mushroom 金针菇agaricus 蘑菇dried mushroom 冬菇tomato 番茄eggplant 茄子potato, spud 马铃薯lotus root 莲藕agaric 木耳white fungus 百木耳ginger 生姜garlic 大蒜garlic bulb 蒜头green onion 葱onion 洋葱scallion, leek 青葱wheat gluten 面筋1.豆类beans豌豆-split pea（豌豆颗粒比较大，打开的豆荚的时候，豆粒是滑出来的，其实就是滑出来split豆粒）黄豆/毛豆-soybean【补充-豆浆是soymilk，估计就是用黄豆磨成跟牛奶一样的东西】【酱油是soysauce，sauce是各种各样的酱】蚕豆-broad bean红豆-red bean绿豆-green mung bean芸豆-kidney bean 【因为芸豆打开，两片豆瓣像是人的两个肺，够形象的呵】荷兰豆-snow pea黑豆-black bean2.吃根茎roots的一些蔬菜马铃薯，土豆-potato红薯-sweet potato白薯-Mexican potato芦笋-asparagus白萝卜-turnip红萝卜-radish芋头-taro山药-yam藕-lotus roots【直译：莲花根】胡萝卜-carrot【这里有一个短语：peas and carrots，因为美国人喜欢将豌豆等和胡萝卜一起煮成汤吃，所以常用来表示不可分割的，或者always be together，可用来说两个人关系好什么的】3，菌类蔬菜蘑菇-mushroom口菇-button mushroom平菇-oyster mushroom金针菇-straw mushroom【稻草形状的蘑菇，嘿嘿】香菇-black mushroom【发现老美超喜欢把颜色加到一类名词前，然后就成了特定的名词】木耳-agarics4.gourds and seeds玉米棒子-corn and cobs【注意，平时见到的都是corn and cobs，我们学的corn只是指玉米粒】黄瓜-cucumber茄子-egg plant冬瓜-wax gourd丝瓜-squash葫芦-butlernut squash瓠子-acorn squash南瓜-pumpkin西红柿-tomato5.调味菜，调味料seasonings小葱-chives姜-ginger蒜头-garlic蒜苗-spring onion蒜苔-green onion大葱-leek韭菜-chinese leek辣椒-chili pepper菜椒-bell pepper6.青菜类greens 花菜-cauliflower【原来是在加利（福尼亚）开的花啊】西兰花-broccoli西芹-celery茼蒿-tarragon藜蒿/泥蒿-chinese tarragon卷心菜/大头菜/洋白菜-cabbage紫甘蓝-red cabbage大白菜-chinese cabbage小白菜-baby chinese cabbage菜苔-chinese flowering cabbage小油菜-chinesecelery cabbage生菜-lettuce莴苣-stalk lettuce油麦菜-chinese lettuce菠菜-spinach苋菜-chinese spinach空心菜-water spinach香菜-cilantro。
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2.Routes transmission： 2.Routes of transmission： Droplet spray 3.Population susceptibility： 3.Population susceptibility：
It is susceptible to all the people without infection or inoculation. The age of peak incidence was 6 months to 5 years old. The incidence of baby under 6m is lower.
Pathophysiology
11
DIVISION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND GASTROENTEROLOGY
Pathophysiology
Measles virus
Respiratory epithelium regional lymph nodes First viremia Monocytes/Macrophage Second viremia Respiratory tract, conjunctiva, skin, etc Virus elimination
Typical clinical manifestations
typical facial appearance of measles in prodromal stage
21
DIVISION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND GASTROENTEROLOGY
Typical clinical manifestations
Fever
Cough Coryza
Conjunctivitis
Koplik’s spots.
May suggest measles before
Koplik’s Spots: Pathognomonic sign
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ20
DIVISION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND GASTROENTEROLOGY
Pathology – Cytopathic change
Multinucleated giant cell (Warthin(Warthin-finkeldey giant cells)
Φ= 100µm, several
nucleus inside the cell, formed by confluence of several virus infected reticuloendothelial cells In smears of the nasal mucosa in the prodromal stage
Typical manifestations
Atypical manifestations
18
DIVISION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND GASTROENTEROLOGY
Typical clinical manifestations Incubation stage: 10-14days Prodromal stage: 3-4days
24
DIVISION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND GASTROENTEROLOGY
Typical clinical manifestations
Maculopapular rash
25
DIVISION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND GASTROENTEROLOGY
Typical clinical manifestations
2.Prodromal stage: 3-4days
The magnitude and pattern of fever are variable in patients, from a low-grade to moderate fever or a sudden high fever may occur. They are not specific symptoms for measles, which are identical to a common cold but catarrhal symptoms maybe more severe.
3
DIVISION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND GASTROENTEROLOGY
Pathogen
measles virus
4
DIVISION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND GASTROENTEROLOGY
Epidemiology
1.Infectious 1.Infectious sources ： Measles
2
DIVISION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND GASTROENTEROLOGY
Pathogen
Classification: Classification A RNA virus Genus: morbillivirus Family: paramyxoviridae Serotype: Only one Location: Nasopharyngeal secretions, Blood, Urine of patients
After the use of vaccine
9.5 in 1990 In any time of a year Epidemic cycle disappeared, Sporadic cases increased Below 6m and above 5y Atypical cases mild manifestations less complications rarely death
nodes, slight splenomegaly, gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting
23
DIVISION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND GASTROENTEROLOGY
Typical clinical manifestations
PATHOGNOMONIC FOR MEASLES
14
Pathology – Cytopathic change
Multinucleated giant cell
PATHOGNOMONIC PRESENTATION FOR MEASLES
15
Pathology
• Respiratory tract • Skin • Koplik’s spots
The prodrome develops on the day symptom begins (fever) and lasts until rash appear.
Fever Cough Coryza Conjunctivitis Koplik’s spots
19
DIVISION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND GASTROENTEROLOGY
Typical clinical manifestations
appearing sequence of the rash
The rash usually starts on the upper lateral parts of the neck, behind the ears, along the hairline, and on the posterior parts of the cheek. 26
2. Prodromal period 3-4 days 3.Apparent manifestation period 3-5 days 4. Convalescent period 3-5 days
12
1. Incubation period 10-14 days
Pathology
13
DIVISION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND GASTROENTEROLOGY
4.Epidemic features： features：
5
DIVISION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND GASTROENTEROLOGY
Epidemiology
Routes of transmission
Droplet spray
6
DIVISION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND GASTROENTEROLOGY
DIVISION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND GASTROENTEROLOGY
8
9
Epidemiology Measles cases of in-patients in CHCUMS in2000
麻疹病例数
1728
1800 1600 1400
1125
Measles Vaccine Inoculation in whole China (1968)
DIVISION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND GASTROENTEROLOGY
Typical clinical manifestations
appearing sequence of the rash
It become increasingly maculopapular as the rash spreads rapidly over the entire face, neck, upper arms, and upper part of the chest 27 within approximately the 24hr.