外国小说赏析---正文
包法利夫人形象赏析
自福楼拜的《包法利夫人》一书诞生后,就一直吸引着社会大众的兴趣,而福楼拜大师本人也一直强调“包法利夫人就是我”,那么谁是真正的包法利夫人呢?严格说来,包法利夫人这一称谓先后为三个女人所有,第一个是夏尔的母亲,一个传统的女性,另一个则是他干巴巴的第一任妻子,干瘪丑陋的寡妇,不过本文侧重于分析夏尔。
包法利的第二任妻子,也就是浪漫爱幻想但是又很盲目的艾玛。
如果单单把艾玛归结为背叛丈夫,深陷情欲泥沼的浪荡女子那是有失偏颇的,在短暂的一生里,她都在很努力地寻找追求理想的爱情和美满的婚姻,为此,她不惜背叛忠厚老实的丈夫,但又被两个不切实际的情人抛弃,最终只能在走投无路中死去。
本文将从艾玛生活的社会环境和造成艾玛爱情悲剧的原因着手来深度剖析包法利夫人这一经典人物形象。
在艾玛嫁给夏尔之前,主要的活动场所是修道院,可以看出,这是个十分重要的场所,因为正是在这里,悄悄埋下了日后艾玛种种不幸的伏笔。
因为卢欧老爹幻想着跻身于上流社会,于是她就把艾玛送进了修道院学校并且接受了上流社会女子的教育,修道院的日子里,她接触了名著、跳舞、地理、素描、刺绣、歌剧和弹琴等一些资本主义贵族才有的奢侈,这种贵族式的生活很早就在她的心里扎根,只等待某天遇到某个人可以发芽。
也正是在修道院的教育使得艾玛能够有机会去阅读大量的浪漫主义色彩的文本书籍,终日沉浸在自己编织的罗曼蒂克的构想中,正是这些浪漫主义小说的熏陶,使得艾玛产生了对理想爱情的过分追求,同时养成了爱慕虚荣和爱幻想的习惯,并且最终导致自己成了浪漫情怀的牺牲品,艾玛对理想的爱情与婚姻的憧憬和美好期待,使得她产生了种种不切实际的激情和冲动,热烈地追求着那种不属于她的生活。
老实说,作为那个时代的一个女子,艾玛追求幸福,渴望生活的想法是无可厚非的,但是她的这种想法是建立在浪漫主义的幻想上的,只能是一种不切实际的空想,她不知道奢华安逸的生活和浪漫的爱情故事是需要以物质财富作基础的,而她所生活的家庭环境不具备这种物质条件。
上述内容道出了艾玛养成浪漫主义情怀的根源,接下来我们从造成艾玛爱情悲剧的原因入手来分析,分为三个方面。
首先,艾玛的丈夫包法利先生乃一介凡夫俗子,可以说是完全不了解自己的妻子,这对于艾玛来说简直就是天理难容的。
在我眼里,其实包法利先生忠于职守,待人厚道诚恳,尽管实力不济,艾玛生病的时候也是关了诊所全心全意的照顾她,但是在艾玛看来,包法利先生充其量只能算是一个好人,婚后不久,她便发觉夏尔是个平凡而又庸俗的人。
“他‘谈吐象人行道一样平板,见解庸俗,如同来往行人一般衣著寻常,激不起情绪,也激不起笑或者梦想’。
查理不会游泳、不会比剑,不会放枪。
”这样的一个包法利先生在这场艾玛幻想起来的爱情故事里,注定是要吃亏的。
这个老好人只知道赚钱养活自己和妻子,对于妻子的精神世界一点儿也不关心,甚至到最后,妻子堕落了,他还是一无所知。
这场游戏里,艾玛需要的是浪漫情调,而包法利是平庸麻木的;艾玛需要的是激情冲动,而包法利是憨厚无能的;艾玛需要的是上流社会的奢侈生活,而包法利只能给她生存的物质条件;艾玛需要的是扬名天下,而包法利是不争气的。
这一切的一切,使得艾玛觉得这场婚姻了无生气,同时也为艾玛的出轨找到了很好的借口,于是,她顺理成章的背叛了他。
不得不说,包法利先生的潜在的纵容也是导致艾玛最终幻灭的重要原因,对现实的这种不满和抗争也是包法利夫人追求爱情自由和理想的体现。
其次是两任情人的背叛,说到这里,不妨把艾玛的恋爱经历整理整理,她的第一任情郎应该是莱昂,发展了一段柏拉图式的精神恋爱;第一次出轨的对象是罗道尔夫,一个花花公子,过程中她发现罗道尔夫要比夏尔野蛮粗鲁许多,于是就有了一个经典片段,艾玛希望夏尔成为名医,可是夏尔的手术完全失败,于是艾玛又重回了罗道尔夫的怀抱,当然,最后私
奔没成;第二次出轨是与回来的莱昂,起初他俩的恋爱完全满足了艾玛心里的理想爱情模式,最终莱昂厌倦。
纵观艾玛的整个出轨史,可以发现对方都是通过为她创造了一幅浪漫幻景来吸引她的,可以看出,这还是艾玛潜存的浪漫激情在作祟,她倾心赖昂,因为他和她一样喜爱月亮、落日、大海、诗歌和音乐,罗道尔夫则是用感伤主义的陈词滥调来打动她的心。
事实上,她的情人不过是她脑海里虚构的,莱昂和罗道尔夫不过是上流社会风气里腐化的小人,当她最后债台高筑的时候,他们撕下了伪善的面目,露出了狰狞的真实面孔,虚情假意,自私自利,这些突如其来的打击让她坚信的精神世界一下子垮了,精神的绝望把她逼上了死亡的绝路。
最后,艾玛的个人因素也是造成艾玛悲剧的重要原因。
说到这里,不得不提艾玛在不同的阶段理想是不同的,比如说:一个罗曼蒂克的婚姻,一段旖旎的爱情,一个可以给自己希望的儿子,一种奢华的生活……理想很丰满,现实总是很骨感,现实总是不尽如人意的,理想与现实之间永远有一道鸿沟,虚幻的爱情与奢华的生活在现实世界本来就不存在,然而她固执地追寻这种理想,越努力,越发现不可能,最后只能迷失在情欲和物欲之间。
我们知道,艾玛从小在修道院接受贵族教育,她是读浪漫小说长大的,整天沉浸在爱情小说,诗歌,音乐王国里,喜欢用浪漫的眼光看这个世界,我们欣赏她体内的浪漫主义色彩,纯真,爱幻想,她对世界的认识是没办法改变的。
但是,我们还要看到一点,她对心中理想的浪漫爱情的无休止追求,最后演变成了一种放纵,只一味的想着满足自己的情欲,而忘了她为人妻,为人母的责任以及义务,作为妻子,她背叛了丈夫,作为母亲,她冷落了女儿,只是为了追求自己所谓的爱情,不惜抛家弃子,这也是我认为艾玛自私的重要表现,更可悲的是,两任情人根本就没把她当回事儿,她注定要揍想毁灭。
总而言之,艾玛是浪漫的理想主义与残酷的现实世界严重冲突之后的产物,她是矛盾的,她短暂的一生的悲剧是没有意识到一切幻想中的爱情都要以金钱为基础的,她心里的高雅生活实际上是高不可攀的,福楼拜也正是想通过“包法利夫人”这一形象来传达他对资本主义腐朽的生活方式的批判,对于艾玛的种种盲目追求以及悲剧的一生,我们既应批评,又应抱有一定的同情心。
小说欣赏4外国小说欣赏
《了不起的盖茨比》
主人公盖茨比本是一个贫穷的农家子弟,在当兵时爱上了 南方的大家闺秀黛西。可当他服役归来时,黛西已嫁给了 一位纨绔子弟。为得到黛西的心,盖茨比奋斗成为百万富 翁,买下一座豪华别墅,与黛西夫妇的居住地隔海湾相望。 他的府第宴会不断,只因为他希望与黛西相会。可当他们 重逢时,盖茨比却发现黛西远不是他梦想中的人。不久, 黛西杀死了丈夫的情妇,并与丈夫合谋嫁祸于盖茨比,二 人逃之夭夭。而盖茨比最终被害。
于连的形象及其典型意义
于连形象的典型意义在于通
过他反抗--妥协--反抗的生活 道路揭示了复辟王朝时期平 民阶级与贵族阶级的严重对 立,反映了小资产阶级与知 识分子对自由、平等的渴望, 对封建制度的不满,表现了 不同时代不同的价值标准在 他们身上所引起的矛盾冲突。
《红与黑》的艺术成就
• 第一,从现实生活中选取典型材料,通过描写典 型环境中的典型性格,来反映时代特征。 • 第二,特别善于把握和分析人物心理,表现了作 家高超的心理分析技巧。 • 第三,情节紧凑、结构严谨。以于连的个人奋斗 史为“经”,以他和德•瑞娜市长夫人、玛特儿小 姐恋爱生活为“纬”。经纬交织、条理明晰。
傲 慢 与 偏 见
简奥斯丁
简•奥斯丁
英国著名女性小说家、现实主义小说 家。奥斯丁终身未嫁,逝世时仅四十 一岁。 18C末19c初,英国小说正处于一个转 折时期:现实主义文学传统出现了一 个断流,庸俗的假浪漫主义小说在社 会上流行,直到奥斯丁的《傲慢与偏 见》发表后才打破了这种局面,为英 国19C30s现实主义小说高潮到来扫清 了道路。 代表作《傲慢与偏见》《理智与情感》
外国小说欣赏
红与黑
斯丹达尔(法国)
《红与黑》书名的含义
“红”指法国士兵的红色军服, 代表资产阶级革命力量。
外国小说鉴赏丹柯
文本解读
小说特点一:
在情节一波三折旳展开过程 中,体现英雄人物旳悲剧性, 凸显主题悲剧色彩,使主题更 具艺术感染力。
文本解读
小说旳特点二:
在情节旳展开过程中,逐渐 完毕人物英雄性格旳塑造;而又 经过英雄人物旳自我牺牲——美 旳消灭,来体现主题,使主题具 有了高尚美。
《丹柯》是一篇以思想为目旳旳小说。 丹柯告诉人们:“你们不能够用思想 移开路上旳石头。什么事都不做旳人 不会得到什么成果。”他献出了自己 旳心,用那颗燃烧旳心照亮人们旳前 途,带领人们走出了黑暗。丹柯那种 为理想献身、不计较个人得失旳精神, 以及坚定不移旳信念和敢于实践旳态 度,鼓舞和感染着读者。
看吧,它飞舞着,象个精灵,——高傲旳、黑色旳暴风雨旳精灵,——它在 大笑,它又在号叫……它笑那些乌云,它因为欢乐而号叫!
这个敏感旳精灵,——它从雷声旳震怒里,早就听出了困乏,它深信,乌云 遮不住太阳——是旳,遮不住旳!
狂风呼啸……雷声轰响…… 一堆堆乌云,象青色旳火焰,在无底旳大海上燃烧。大海抓住闪电旳箭光,
把它们熄灭在自己旳深渊里。这些闪电旳影子,活象一条条火蛇,在大海里蜿蜒 游动,一晃就消失了。
——暴风雨!暴风雨就要来啦! 这是勇敢旳海燕,在怒吼旳大海上,在闪电中间,高傲地翱翔;这是胜利旳 预言家在叫喊: ——让暴风雨来得更剧烈些吧!
高尔基
高尔基生于1868年,于1936年逝世。是俄 国大文学家。他出身贫苦,幼年丧父,11 岁就为生活所迫在社会上奔走,当过装卸 工、面包工,贫民窟和码头成了他“社会” 大学旳课堂。
一会儿翅膀碰着波浪,一会儿箭一般地直冲向乌云,它叫喊着,——就在这 鸟儿勇敢旳叫喊声里,乌云听出了欢乐。
在这叫喊声里——充斥着对暴风雨旳渴望!在这叫喊声里,乌云听出了愤怒 旳力量,热情旳火焰和胜利旳信心。
西方文学欣赏——《飘》
西方文学名著〃名片欣赏—《飘》----T0morrow is another day.无论他们是在守望什么,他们都是一群守望者。
思嘉在守望着金钱,守望着不再让塔拉的人再挨饿,守望着希礼的爱,守望着已经破碎的梦,守望着成长。
瑞德守望着思,以及她生命的延续小邦妮,守望着一个男人能给予一个女人的全部的爱。
希礼守望着过去的生活,守望着那个随风而逝的年代。
媚兰守望着爱,爱每一个人,爱亚特兰大,爱生活,她守望着丈夫和儿子,守望着希礼有一天真正的站起来。
玛格丽特*米切尔的《飘》以起独特的女性视角在描述美国内战的作品中独树一帜,备受读者青睐。
作品中虽也有对战争恢宏场面的描写,如亚特兰大破城当日五角广场的遍地伤兵,惊心动魄的逃难,枪杀等等。
但女作家始终是以细腻的人物心理性格刻画见长,一个个色彩斑斓的文学人物在作者流畅的文字作用下,跃然纸上,栩栩如生。
横看全书,是一部老南方种植园文明的没落史,一代人的成长史和奋斗史;而纵观全书,则似一部令人悲恸的心理剧,以戏剧的力量揭示出女主人公在与内心的冲突中走向成熟的过程。
所以看《飘》,就犹如走进原始森林,越深越美。
也许,文学性格可以用现实颜色来描述,来形容,那么,就赋予思嘉,黑色的坚毅;瑞德,冰蓝色的深邃;媚兰,粉红色的善良;希礼,青灰色的忧郁。
思嘉的坚毅一直是本书的一大亮点,赋予其黑色,因为黑色有纯粹的一面,如思嘉对生活终极坚定的信仰;黑色还有模糊的一面,如思嘉在夜雾中奔跑的迷茫,因为她一直看不清真爱的对象。
思嘉绝对称不上是一位完美的女性。
但她的魅力却超出了法律所允许的范围。
她坚强,自信,对生活充满激情,却又吝啬,迷信,欺侮弱小,还无意地把几个人送上西天。
但就是这种褒贬不一的性格使她更为迷人。
现实中人无完人,文学中也应如此。
在那个风云突变的乱世中,能够在倍受创伤和打击之后,不留恋以前豪华高雅的生活,坚强的站起来,下地摘棉花,不惜让自己娇贵的双手长满老茧,而目的只是为了让住在塔拉的人不在挨饿。
高中语文《外国小说》专题-《河的第三条岸》赏析
赏析1这篇小说有两个译本,一本是赵英译的《第三河岸》,另一本译作《河的第三岸》,译者的名字忘了。
我喜欢前一个译本。
这是我读过的最好的短篇之一,作者是巴西人罗萨。
在国内的选本里鲜有见到,问过很多朋友,都说没读过。
余华读过,我见他写过一篇读后感,比小说的篇幅还长,极尽赞赏之能事。
余华的诠释和我的诠释不一样,我知道,那是因为我们对小说的敏感点不同,而它都给了我们同等的恩泽。
小说讲的是一个少年,和父母兄姊一起过着幸福的生活。
有一天,父亲突然乘船而去,在离家不远的河面上漂荡。
他一直没有回来,但也没有远走高飞,只是漫无目的地在河上漂泊。
他一年年地老了,没有人猜到他是何用意,也没有人知道他是怎么活下来的。
一家人迅速地垮了,哥哥姊姊去了遥远的城市,不久把母亲也接走了,只剩下“我”一个人。
河水不断地流淌,清新,永恒。
“我”开始感到衰老的痛苦:生命竟是那么短暂,无望。
“我”得了风湿病,情绪越来越糟。
而他呢?他又怎样?我开始重新思考他的所作所为。
我想他一定也是个饱尝生活艰辛和煎熬的人,可他为什么非得下水了却余生呢?“我”决定去河边寻找父亲……跟他说,父亲,你回家吧,让我来接替你的事业……由于极端的恐惧,“我”大病了一场。
从此以后,再没有人看见父亲,或者听到父亲的消息了。
“我”陷入了深深的精神危机,盼望死神早些来临,我要尽快离开这片沙漠,把自己装入一艘小船,任河水带到天涯海角。
这河水……这河水清新,永恒……小说文笔优美,差不多可以到诵读的程度。
然而比优美更重要的是它的神秘性。
像一切的优秀小说,它是不能说的,一说就错了。
父亲为什么离家出走,终生在河面上漂泊?作者没有解释,也无从解释。
这有点像霍桑笔下的威克菲尔德,有一天心血来潮,在离家不远的小阁楼里一住就是二十年,每天窥伺家人的行踪……霍桑也没有解释。
它存在着,是人类的一部分事实。
仅此而已。
而儿子呢,绝望之下,为自己所不明了的情绪支撑着,竟要步父亲的后尘。
后来因为胆怯没有成行,陷入了深深的精神危机,成了名副其实的行尸走肉。
外国文学经典作品赏析
外国文学经典作品赏析外国文学作品是人类文明的珍贵遗产,其中涵盖了许多经典之作。
这些作品以其独特的艺术形式和深刻的人性探索,引领读者进入一个与现实世界截然不同的境界。
本文将就几部外国文学经典作品进行赏析,通过解读小说中的细节和情节,帮助读者深入了解作品的内涵,从而更好地欣赏这些杰出的文学作品。
《人类群星闪耀时》《人类群星闪耀时》是法国作家塞弗林的作品,这部小说通过对法国高等教育体制下的种种不公以及社会底层的贫困生活的生动描绘,深刻地反映了人性的丑陋和社会的黑暗。
小说中的主要人物阿兰,是一个渴望知识和自由的年轻人,他通过不屈不挠的努力考上大学,但面对封闭的体制和权力的阻碍,他感到无力和困惑。
他的努力和追求代表了社会底层的人们渴求改变现状的心声。
通过对阿兰的塑造,塞弗林用细腻的笔触刻画出了人性中的复杂和纠结,引发读者对社会问题的深思。
《百年孤独》《百年孤独》是哥伦比亚作家加西亚·马尔克斯的杰作。
这部小说以布恩迪亚家族为主线,讲述了一百年来这个家族的兴衰和命运。
马尔克斯通过奇幻、写实、荒诞的手法,展现了布恩迪亚家族世代循环的悲剧。
小说中丰富的人物和众多的情节交织在一起,呈现出一幅庞大而壮丽的画卷,同时也揭示了人类命运中的孤独和无奈。
马尔克斯以精湛的笔触塑造了许多色彩鲜明的人物形象,使读者更容易投身到故事中,感受到其中所蕴含的深刻哲理。
《麦田里的守望者》《麦田里的守望者》是美国作家杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格的代表作。
这本小说通过主人公霍尔顿·考尔菲德的视角,描述了一个年轻人在大都市中的迷茫和无助。
霍尔顿对社会的虚伪和偏见感到失望,并向往纯真和正直的生活。
他试图保护那些他认为在混乱世界中还保有纯洁的孩子们,以此表达了作者对现实世界腐败现象的忧虑。
塞林格通过鲜明的写实风格和霍尔顿的独特性格,将读者带入一个充满深思和触动的内心世界。
《傲慢与偏见》《傲慢与偏见》是英国作家简·奥斯汀的代表作之一。
(完整word版)英国文学作品赏析(word文档良心出品)
英国文学作品赏析The features of Charles Dickens1. His critical realism: While sticking to the principle of faithful representation of the 18th-century realist novel, he carried the duty to the criticism of the society and the defense of the mass.2. He is a mas ter storyteller. With his first sentence, he engages the reader’s attention and holds it to the end.3. What he writes is mainly the middle and lower-middle class life in London.4. He is a master of language with a large vocabulary and an adeptness with the vernacular.5. He is a great humorist as well as a great painter of pathos. He always mingles the two to make his fictional world realistic.6. His characters are not only true to life but also large than life. There are both individual characters and type characters.II. Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre1. Theme: The novel sharply criticizes the religious hypocrisy of charity institutions like Lowood School, where girls are trained to be humble slaves. It rebukes the social discrimination and false convention about love and marriage. Besides, the novel is a moral fable. It tells us that people have to go through all kinds of physical or moral tests to obtain their final happiness.2. The character analysis of Jane Eyre: Jane Eyre is an orphan child with a fiery spirit and a longing to love and be loved. She is poor and plain, but she dares to love her master, a man superior to her in many ways, as a little governess. She is brave enough to declare to the man her love for him. She cuts a completely new women image. She represents those middle-class working women who are struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being. III. Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Height1. The novel is an extraordinary moving love story: the passion between Heathcliff and Catherine is the most intense, beautiful, and the most horrible passions ever found among human beings.2. It is also a work of critical realism. Heathcliff is abused, rejected and distorted by the society only because he is a poor orphan of obscure parents. He suffers all kinds of inhuman treatment after the death of his benefactor. He loves Catherine dearly but forced to be separated from her. So, Heathcliff’s cruel revenge upon his enemies is justified in a way.3. The author makes clear that it is wrong to discriminate on the basis of social status, and it is cruel and destructive to break genuine, natural human passions. Although Catherine and Edgar’s marriage is ideal in the eyes of the whole neighborhood, her love for Heathcliff is hard and everlasting.I. The features of Shaw’s plays:1. Problem plays: He took the modern social issues as his subject with the aim of directing social reforms. Most of his plays are concerned with political, economic, or religious problems.2. In his characterization, he makes the tricks of showing up one character vividly at the expense of another. His characters are the representatives of ideas, which shift and alter during the play.3. The strong sense of comedy in his play are achieved through his witty dialogues, sharp satires, and vivid portrayal of characters.II. The theme of Shaw’s Mrs. Warren’s profession1. The play is not only moral, but also has a strong realistic theme. The guilt for prostitution lies more upon the social system than immoral woman. He shows all human sufferings are consequences of the economic exploitation.2. The play is a spiritual triumph for Vivie who experiences a journey from illusion to reality. At first, she is ignorant of the evil, and through a series of temptations, she understands the capitalist world better.D.H. Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers1. Theme: Sociologically, it is a novel about modern civilization, the “sickness of a whole civilization”. Psychologically, it is a case study of the Oedipus complex theory, for it deals with a son who loves the mother too dearly and hates the father too despisingly. The psychic conflict (between dark self and white self) in human relationships is the central theme of the novel.2. The character analysis of Paul Morel:He is a light, quick, slender boy. From his childhood, he is especially sensitive, artistic and imaginative, and he becomes extraordinarily dependent on his mother. When he gets older, his distorted relationship with his mother prevents him from loving girls as fully as he feels he should. Besides, Paul is also an artist, and a likeable young man adored by many girls.The features of stream of consciousness1. The unspoken thoughts and feelings of their characters are described without resorting to objective description or conventional dialogue.2. The flux of a character’s thoughts, impressions, emotions are often shown without logical sequence or syntax.Wordsworth’ poemWilliam Wordsworth was one of the greatest poets of the ages, who excelled in vivid descriptions of nature and the joy that could be derived from the beauties of nature. For much of his life he lived in the Lake District, near Grasmere Lake in "Dove Cottage".He established his reputation as a poet of great lyricism with his "Poems in Two V olumes" published in 1807; these included his famous "Daffodils" and "Ode: On the Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood". In 1843 he was appointed Poet Laureate. Features of his writings1. Chaacteristic of features of Romantic poetry;2. Nature and ordinary people are normally the subjects of his poems;3. Melodic in rythem;4. Full of passion;5. Lyricism in wording.I. The features of Shaw’s plays:1. Problem plays: He took the modern social issues as his subject with the aim of directing social reforms. Most of his plays are concerned with political, economic, or religious problems.2. In his characterization, he makes the tricks of showing up one character vividly at the expense of another. His characters are the representatives of ideas, which shift and alter during the play.3. The strong sense of comedy in his play are achieved through his witty dialogues, sharp satires, and vivid portrayal of characters.II. The theme of Shaw’s Mrs. Warren’s profession1. The play is not only moral, but also has a strong realistic theme. The guilt for prostitution lies more upon the social system than immoral woman. He shows all human sufferings areconsequences of the economic exploitation.2. The play is a spiritual triumph for Vivie who experiences a journey from illusion to reality. At first, she is ignorant of the evil, and through a series of temptations, she understands the capitalist world better.The Thackeray’s styleHe held the idea that the mission of art was to disclose the regime class, what’s more, he was especially good at rearing the masks wore by the aristocrat and bourgeois. His magnum opus Vanity Fair is a vivid show of an adventuress in the early 19th capital society. The way of narrating stories and cynicism formed an inimitable style.in Vanity Fair, the author makes the narration in the tone of a story-teller. The tone is friendly and casual because he acts as a character in the Vanity Fair to recount what he knows well, and it is also quite natural to insert some comments into the narration. Thackeray was such a good narrator that the narration was vivid, interesting the full of humor. The dialogues are vivid and match the characters’ identities well.Vanity Fair reveals the truth of the politics and society of the capitalist world, that is, the ugliness of the society. To depict the reality, as Thackeray said, is necessarily to expose marry unpleasant truths. He felt that the society was full of those faithless, hopeless and merciless men who were either swindlers or fools with much popularity. Novelists should make people laugh by exposing and making fun of them. Therefore, the novel Vanity Fair aims to reveal all the evils without mercy.Thackeray also pointed out selfless love could turn the coward into brave, the self-conscious into self-confident, the lazy into diligent. He said his aim of writing this gloomy story was to disclose people’s imbecility and awake them by appealingThackeray tended to probe into those characters’ minds when he was describi ng them. His constant acute observation and self analysis enabled him to perceive the moods and emotion of the characters well. He also purposefully portrayed condition that could change a person’s way of life.A good man will not necessarily succeed or do well, while successful men are often regarded as good man in the society. A man will become virtuous once he was money. So what he portrays is not a story of a man, but a panorama of a society.ThemesThe world is shown as full of all kinds of vanity, esp. snobbery, duplicity of social-climbers, and the weakness of human nature.The realistic depiction, the ironic and sarcastic tone and constant comment and criticism of the author make it a masterpiece of social criticism.Special FeaturesHe criticizes the social moral that makes up the societyHis criticism embraces people of all social strata; his social-climbers and snobs and money-grabbers can be found in any class.He always speaks in an ironical, sarcastic and cynical tone of an on-looker.He proves a conscious artist. His works are known for their fine language, careful overall planning, mastery of detail, vast scope of view and a faithfulness to the historyOde to the West Wind" is one of Shelley's best known lyrics. The poet describes vividly the activities of the west wind on the earth, in the sky and on the sea, and then expresses his envy for the boundless freedom of the west wind, and his wish to be free like the wind andto scatter his words among mankind. The ode is a lyric poem of some length, dealing with a lofty theme in a dignified manner and originally intended to be sung. The English odes are generally of three types: (1) the Pindaric ode, following the pattern originated by the ancient Greek poet Pindar,(2) the Cowley-style ode, named after Abraham Cowley, an English poet of the 17th century, and(3) the Horatian ode, named after the ancient Roman poet Horace. Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind" is of the Horatian type, i.e., with stanzas of uniform length and arrangement. Here Shelley employed the "terza rima," an Italian measure first used by Dante in his well-known poem La Divina Commedia. Here we find a variant of the original Italian pattern: five 14-lined stanzas of iambic pentameter, each ofthe stanzas containing four tercets and a closing couplet. The rime scheme is aba, bcb, cdc, ded, ee.。
西方经典小说鉴赏
西方经典小说鉴赏-----《红与黑》鉴赏读《红与黑》,不能像对畅销书那样肆无忌惮,又不能像对言情小说那样不置可否。
探求它的内涵就像探求那个时代的缩影,要用心灵去与那个时代交谈,和那个时代沟通,因为时间已经给了作家和作品最无私而又公正的评判,给了主人公最真切而又饱满的现实意义。
《红与黑》是十九世纪法国批判现实主义文学的代表作品。
《红与黑》的主人公于连,是一名木匠的儿子,年轻英俊、意志坚强、精明能干,从小希望借助个人奋斗跻身上流社会。
王朝复辟后,于连通过穿上红军服从军而飞黄腾达的道路被堵塞,只好决定穿上黑色教会服装,去实现自己的梦想。
于是他到市长家当家庭教师,这也是于连踏入社会的第一步,他的英俊与才智博得了市长夫人的芳心,由此于连和市长夫人之间产生了暖味之情。
事情败露后,于连进入贝桑松神学院,又随比拉尔院长来到巴黎,成为德· 拉莫尔侯爵的秘书。
由于他的聪明和个性,不仅受到了侯爵赏识而且赢得了侯爵小姐的芳心。
后来二人秘密结婚,虽然拉莫尔先生对这门婚事暴跳如雷,但也无可奈何,于连也因此得到了骑士称号、中尉军衔和二万零六百法郎年收入的庄园。
好景不长,正当于连踌躇满志之际,他却又陷入了贵族阶级和教会所设下的圈套,最终被送上了断头台,成为统治阶级阴谋的牺牲品于连!综观他极其短暂,却满是波折动荡的年轻生命,流淌着太多矛盾和复杂。
为此,人们对他有太多的评论——一个小私有者盲目追求个人利益的悲剧;一个野心家的毁灭;一个反封建斗士的牺牲等等。
就我以为,说于连是个个人主义野心家固然不错,但不如说他是个追求幸福而又不幸走上歧途的人更为确切些。
当然这种歧途不是简单地采取了某种有悖社会道德的手段,而是来自于他心灵更深处的矛盾本质。
虽是平民出身但却又较高文化,任家庭教师期间,与女主人发生恋情,事露,枪杀恋人,被判死刑,是他自私的表现。
“追求”幸福的热情和毅力,对阶级差异的反抗所表现出近乎英雄的气概又是他灵魂升华的诠释。
外国小说赏析
9. 太阳照常升起(节选)[美] 欧内斯特•米勒•海明威第四章……门房里亮着灯,我敲敲门,女看门人把我的邮件递给我,我祝她晚安,就走上楼去。
一共有两封信和几份报,我在饭厅煤气灯下看了一下。
信件来自美国。
一封是银行的结账单,上面写着结余为2432.60美元。
我拿出支票簿,扣除本月一号以来开出的四张支票的金额,发现我尚有存款1832.60美元。
我把这个数字写在结账单的背面。
另一封是结婚请柬。
阿洛伊修斯·柯尔比先生和夫人宣布他们的女儿凯瑟琳将结婚——我既不认识这位姑娘,也不认识跟她结婚的那个男人,这张结婚请柬想必已经传得到处都是。
请柬上的名字怪兮兮的。
我确信,阿洛伊修斯这样的名字会让人过目难忘。
这是一个地道的天主教徒的名字。
请柬上端印有纹章装饰花纹,类似齐齐的希腊公爵头衔那种玩意儿。
还有那位伯爵——一个滑稽的人物。
连布莱特也有个头衔——阿什利夫人。
让布莱特见鬼去吧!去你的,阿什利夫人,见鬼去吧!我点亮床头灯,关掉饭厅里的煤气灯,推开那几扇大窗户。
床离窗户很远,我让窗扇敞开着,在床边坐下,脱掉衣服。
外面,有一辆夜间电车沿着电车轨道轰隆隆驶过,那是运送蔬菜到菜场去。
每当夜间睡不着时,这声音响得很烦人。
我一面脱衣服,一面望着床边大衣柜镜子里自己的影子。
这屋里的陈设纯属典型的法国风格。
我觉得一什一物都很实用。
偏偏也就是这一点叫人跌眼镜——有点滑稽呗。
我穿上睡衣,上了床。
我拿起那两份斗牛报,拆开封皮——一份橙色,另一份黄颜色的。
两份报的新闻往往雷同,所以不管先看哪一份都会减轻对另一份的兴趣。
《牛栏报》办得好一些,我就先看这一份了。
我从头到尾看了一遍,包括读者小信箱和逸闻趣事栏。
终了我把灯吹灭,心想这下大概能够入睡了。
谁知,,大脑缺胡思乱想起来,想起昔日让人闹心的往事。
唉,意大利的那次战役荒唐可笑,火线上挂了彩退下来,倒霉透顶。
在意大利的医院里,我们打算组成一个团体,取了个滑稽的意大利名字。
不知道那些意大利人结局如何。
国外小说解读《巴黎圣母院》赏析
埃斯梅拉达是雨果笔下集真、善、美于一体 的完美的艺术形象。她在小时候被吉普赛人 从妓女母亲的呵护下偷走,流浪街头以卖艺
为生,虽然饱尝人世的艰辛与苦难
作者在埃斯梅拉达的身上寄托 了理想和希望,但是宗教贵族 和黑暗势力是不可能允许美好 事物的存在的
当卡西莫多接受刑法口渴难耐时,只 有她站出来以德报怨为他送水。她又 是勇敢执着的
以波希米亚少女为迫害对象的宗教狂热,教会人 物为满足卑鄙的兽欲而施展的恶毒阴谋,专制国 家机器的野蛮与残暴,所有这些都被雨果以浪漫 主义的笔法描写得像噩梦一样可怕。作者通过这 样的描写表现了封建专制主义社会的黑暗,突出 了作品的反封建的主题
这本书是为了叙说“命运”一语而写作的,雨果寻求的是命运的真实内涵。无论是克罗德,还是卡西莫多,他们归根到底是社会的 人,他们内心的分裂、冲突,反映的是他们那个时代神权与人权、愚昧与求知之间,庞大沉重的黑暗制度与挣扎着的脆弱个人之 间的分裂、冲突,终于导致悲剧中一切人物统统牺牲的惨烈结局
当克洛德威胁她,只要接受他的爱就能 够获得自由时,她斩钉截铁地拒绝了; 当菲比斯不顾她的安危死活时,却依然 痴心执着的爱着他
• 克洛德展现了人性的本质。克洛德从小接受了良好 的宗教教育,是一个勤奋好学、积极向上、知识渊 博的青年,他收养丑陋的卡西莫多、照顾年少的弟 弟,能够看出他是有些许善良的。在成为巴黎圣母 院的副主教遇到美丽的埃斯梅拉达后,克洛德真实 的人性开始表现出来
• 他对埃斯梅拉达的占有欲已经超越了教会思想的束 缚,不顾任何人的想法采用极端的做法只能造成悲 剧的结局。雨果用克洛德的形象代表了一部分贵族 阶级的形象,表面上维护正义、保护弱小,实则道 貌岸然、自私自利,揭示了贵族阶级的黑暗和罪恶
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英语小说节选小说赏析
英语小说节选小说赏析Title: A Literary Analysis of an Excerpt from an English Novel。
The world of literature is a vast and diverse one, filled with countless stories and narratives that have the power to captivate and inspire readers. In this article, we will be delving into the intricate world of English novels and analyzing a selected excerpt from a well-known work of fiction. Through this analysis, we hope to gain a deeper understanding of the novel's themes, characters, and writing style, as well as to appreciate the artistry and craftsmanship of the author.The selected excerpt for our analysis comes from the novel "Pride and Prejudice" by Jane Austen, a timeless classic that has enchanted readers for over two centuries. The novel follows the romantic entanglements of the Bennet sisters, particularly the protagonist Elizabeth Bennet, as they navigate the societal expectations and constraints of 19th century England. The excerpt we will be examining is from a pivotal moment in the novel, where Elizabeth confronts the enigmatic Mr. Darcy about his role in separating her sister from a potential suitor.The excerpt begins with Elizabeth's fiery and outspoken nature on full display, as she boldly confronts Mr. Darcy with accusations of his interference in her sister's romantic affairs. The dialogue between the two characters is filled with tension and emotional intensity, as Elizabeth's indignation clashes with Mr. Darcy's stoic and reserved demeanor. This dynamic creates a palpable sense of conflict and drama, drawing the reader into the heart of the confrontation.As we delve deeper into the excerpt, we can discern the underlying themes and motifs that permeate the novel as a whole. One of the central themes of "Pride and Prejudice" is the exploration of social class and its impact on personal relationships. This theme is evident in the interactions between Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy, as their differing social statuses and backgrounds play a significant role in shaping their perceptions of each other. Elizabeth's outspokenness and independence stand in stark contrast to the reserved and aristocratic Mr. Darcy, highlighting the societal barriers that separate them.Furthermore, the excerpt showcases Austen's mastery of character development and psychological insight. Through the dialogue and interactions between Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy, we gain a deeper understanding of their personalities and motivations. Elizabeth's passionate and impulsive nature is juxtaposed with Mr. Darcy's restraint and propriety, creating a compelling dynamic that drives the narrative forward. This nuanced portrayal of the characters' inner thoughts and emotions adds depth and complexity to the novel, allowing readers to empathize with their struggles and triumphs.In addition to the thematic and character-driven elements of the excerpt, we can also appreciate the artistry of Austen's writing style. The language is rich and evocative, filled with vivid imagery and poetic turns of phrase. Austen's wit and humor shine through in the dialogue, infusing the scene with a sense of levity and charm amidst the underlying tension. The author's keen observations of human nature and society are reflected in the sharp and incisive dialogue, creating a compelling and immersive reading experience.In conclusion, the selected excerpt from "Pride and Prejudice" offers a glimpse into the rich tapestry of themes, characters, and writing style that define the novel as a literary masterpiece. Through our analysis, we have gained a deeper appreciation for the novel's exploration of social class, its nuanced character portrayals, and the artistry of Austen's prose. This exercise serves as a testament to the enduring power of English novels to captivate and inspire readers, and reminds us of the timeless relevance of classic literature in our modern world.。
