unit 3 (British and American Studies)英美文化 教学课件
英美文化Unit3（学习资料）
英美文化教程Unit 3Chapter 3. Which English?I . Focal Pointsthe roots of the English languageOld EnglishMiddle Englishdifferences between Old English and Middle Englishdifferences between Middle English and Modern EnglishModern EnglishShakespeare' s EnglishBBC EnglishStandard Englishchanges in the English languageThe King' s English and the advice given in the bookII. Questions and Answers on the T ext1. Why did the Celtic people leave little that could later be incorporated into English?They left little that could later be incorporated into English because these people had no written language.2.Where can we find relics of Celtic?We can find relics of Celtic in place names.3.What are the Celtic languages that survive in Britain today?The Celtic languages that survive today are Welsh, Scottish Gaelic and Irish Gaelic.4 What is meant by lingua franca? Give one example of lingua franca ever used in British history.Lingua franca is any language widely used as a means of communication among speakers of other languages. One example is Latin, which became the lingua franca of Britain after the Romans, invaded Britain in 55 BC.5.When did the English alphabet appear? What scripts was it adapted from?The English alphabet appeared sometime between AD 500 and 700. It was adapted from Roman scripts.6. When did the history of the English language really begin? What happened then? The history of English really began around AD 450 when the Angles, Saxons and Jutes - tribes from north-west Germany and Denmark-invaded England in succession.7. How did the four dialects of Old English emerge?After the Germanic tribes of Angles, Saxons and Jutes had taken control of Britain and settled, the four main dialects of Old English emerged from the Germanic dialects.8. What is the ancestor of the modern English language?The ancestor of the modern English language is Old English of Anglo-Saxon.9. What scripts did writers of the Old English period use?Writers of the Old English period used both Latin and Germanic scripts.10. How did the Scandinavian influence enter Old English?The Scandinavian influence entered Old English by way of the Vikings from Scandinavia.11. How large was the vocabulary of Old English by the end of its period?By the end of its period, Old English contained a vocabulary of 30,000 words.12. Name one best-known Old English writer and his works.One of the best-known Old English writers was the V enerable Bede (673--735). His Ecclesiastical History of the English People is one of the main sources of information about the history of Anglo-Saxon English.13. What became the official language of England after the Norman invasion led by William the Conqueror? What language did the common people speak?After the Norman invasion led by William the Conqueror, Norman French became the official language of England. The common people, however, continued to speak their Anglo-Saxon language.14. In English, why do many words connected with administration come from Norman French?Many English words connected with administration come from French because after the Norman invasion Norman French became the official language of England, and the most important positions were given to Normans, who organized government and public affairs.15. What is known as Middle English?The blend of Anglo-Saxon, Latin and French which developed in the three centuries after the Norman Conquest is known as Middle English.16. When did Middle English begin?Middle English began in 1066.17. Why did the literature of England become trilingual in the three centuries following 1066?The literature of England became trilingual because the literature was written in Middle English, which is a blend of French, English and Latin.18. In Middle English, what is meant by the Romance words, and what is meant by the Germanic words?Romance words were the Latin and French words; Germanic words were the English and Scandinavian words.19. Who was the most important writer who used Middle English?The most important writer who used Middle English was Geoffrey Chaucer.20. What is the basic difference between Old English and Middle English?The difference between Old English and Middle English lies mainly in the abandonment of the system of grammatical inflexions.21. In what aspects did the changes from Middle English to Modern English take place?The changes from Middle English to Modern English involve mainly pronunciation, vocabulary and spelling.22. When did the spellings and written forms of English begin to become standardized?The spellings and written forms of English began to become standardized at the end of the fifteenth century, with the invention of the printing press (1476).23. When did Modern English start?Modern English started from about AD 1500.24. What does BBC stand for? When was it founded? What was its motto?BBC stands for the British Broadcasting Corporation. It was founded in 1927. Its motto was Nation Shall Speak Peace Unto Nation. It meant that the English in which the voice of peace was broadcast over the radio should be universally understood.25. Whose particular style of speech is usually recognized as Standard English or Received Pronunciation English?The Particular style of speech of the BBC announcers is usually recognized as Standard English or RP English.26. Whom do the speech patterns of the BBC announcers represent?The speech patterns of the BBC announcers represent the educated southern upper class.27. Why has the English language had a very strong association with class and social status?This began from the Norman times when the upper classes spoke a completely different language from the common people.28. What difference have modern ideas of social equality made to language use in Britain?With the ideas of social equality, hallmarks of class distinction such as styles of speech have been gradually discarded, especially by the younger generation.29. What was the attitude towards language use in Britain by the second half of the 1960s? What was the characteristic of the fashionable speech of the day?By the second half of the 1960s, it became apparent that it was not necessary to speak Standard English or even correct grammar to become popular, successful and rich. The fashionable speech of the day was no longer the prerogative of a privileged class rather a defiant expression of classlessness.30. What is the greatest single influence of the shaping of the English language in modern times?The greatest single influence of the shaping of the English language in modern times is the American accents, idioms and vocabulary exported all over the globe by US films.31. What was the characteristic of the fashion of speech in the 1970’s in Britain?In the 1970s, fashion favoured careless enunciation and a language full of jargon, slang and "in" words, much of it quite incomprehensible to the outside world.32. Who were the authors of The King' s English?The authors of The King' s English were the Fowler brothers.33. What is the approximate proportion of Germanic vocabulary and Romance vocabulary in current English vocabulary?Current English V ocabulary is approximately half Germanic (English and Scandinavian) and half Romance (Latin and French).IV. Explanations:1. Old English(1) Also called Anglo-Saxon, it is the first period of the English language from the time of the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain in AD450 to the Norman Conquest in 1066.(2) Old English used both Latin and Germanic scripts. (3) Old English is the ancestor of Modern English. It is quite different from today's English.2. the V enerable Bede(1) The V enerable Bede (673--735) was one of the best. known Old English scholar-monks. (2) He wrote the Ecclesiastical History of the English People, which is one of the main sources of information about the history of Anglo-Saxon England.3. Middle English(1) Middle English is the name given to the English language in use from the Norman Conquest of 1066 to the introduction of the printing press in England in 1476. (2) Middle English is the blend of Anglo-Saxon, Latin and French. (3) The difference between Old English and Middle English lies mainly in the abandonment of the system of grammatical inflexions.4. Geoffrey Chaucer(1) Geoffrey Chaucer (1345--1400) was the most important Middle English poet. (2) His masterpiece was The Canterbury Tales.5. Modern English(1) Modern English is the English language since 1476. (2) With the introduction of the printing press in 1476, spellings and written forms of the English language began to become standardized. (3) The changes from Middle English to Modern English involve mainly pronunciation, vocabulary and spelling.6. the BBC(1) It stands for the British Broadcasting Corporation. (2) Its motto is Nation Shall Speak Peace Unto Nation. (3) The motto means that the voice of peace spoken over the radio should be universally understood. (4) The speech patterns of BBC annoumers represent the educated southern upper class, and their particular style of speech is recognized as Standard English or Received Pronunciation (RP) English.7. Standard English(1) The form of English as written and spoken by educated speakers of the language. (2) The style of speech of BBC announcers is usually recognized as Standard English. (3) Standard English is also the most appropriate variety of English for a foreigner learning English to copy.8. The King' s English(1) The famous book written by the Fowler brothers in 1906. (2) The best advice to all those who wish to become proficient in English was given in this book. (3) The best advice is to try to be direct, simple, brief, vigorous and lucid. (4)This general principle may be translated into practical rules in the domain of vocabulary as follows: Prefer the familiar words to the far-fetched.Prefer the concrete word to the abstract.Prefer the single word to the circumlocation.Prefer the short word to the long.Prefer the Saxon word to the Romance.。
高一英语 Unit 3 American English 美国英语(双语版)
高一上册Unit 3 American English美国英语Lesson 9 1 DialogueYang Mei is now studying in the States.She meets her new teacher,Sara,for the first time.Sara is an American.They are talking before the term starts.杨梅现在正在美国学习。
她第一次见到她的新老师萨拉。
萨拉是美国人。
开学前她们在交谈。
SARA: So you are Yang Mei.Nice to meet you.萨拉：这么说你就是杨梅了。
见到你很高兴。
Yang MEI: How do you do ?I'm sorry.I know only a little English.I have some difficulty in pronouncing some of the words in English.杨梅：你好，很遗憾，我只懂一点英语。
我有些英语单词发音不好。
SARA: No,you're doing fine.萨拉：不，你发音很好。
Yang Mei: Thank you.杨梅：谢谢。
SARA: And when do you take your next exams?萨拉：还有，你什么时候参加下次考试？Yang MEI: In June.杨梅：六月份。
SARA: I see. What do you want to do next fall?萨拉：我明白了。
今年秋季你打算干什么？Yang MEI: Pardon? Would you please say that again more slowly?杨梅：对不起，请你慢点儿再说一遍好吗？SARA: What do you want to do next fall?萨拉：今年秋季你打算干什么？Yang MEI: Next what? I'm sorry I don't quite follow you.杨梅：下一个什么？对不起，我没有完全听懂你的话。
unit 7 (British and American Studies)英美文化 教学课件
Third Principle: Checks and Balances. ➢ The power given to government is divided between the federal and state government.
➢ The power granted to each government is sub-divided among the three branches of government, the legislative, the executive and the judicial. Each branch can check or block the actions of the other branches.
Unit 2
Government and Politics
22.2.2 SSeeppaarraattiioonnooffPPoowweerriinnUUSSGGoovveerrnnmmeenntt
2.2.2 Three Branches
Legislative Branch (Congress)
➢ Functions of Congress
• The central function is to make federal laws
• collect taxes and levy duties
• pay national debts
• regulate foreign commerce
• raise armies and pay for them
Senate
House of Representative
Cabinet
Executive Department
Courts of Appeals
unit 5 (British and American Studies)英美文化 教学课件
Unit 5 Cultural and Social Life
5.1 Historical background & Class Structure
5.1.1 Class Division in Early Times ➢Most members of the middle class were educated and dealt with paper in business or in a profession. ➢Those who did m__a_n_u_a_l labor, especially agricultural labor, were in the working class. 5.1.2 Class Division in Britain Today
Vows for marriage
I, …take you,…to be my wife, to have and to hold from this day forward; for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and to cherish, till death do us part, according to God’s holy law; and this is my solemn vow.
➢Members of the upper landed class, who controlled most of the agricultural land and enjoyed a lot of privilege, became the nobility, or _a_ri_s_to_c_r_a_cy_. ➢The lower-upper class was mainly composed of small landowners. They were usually called knights or _g_e_n_tr_y. They were mostly well-educated and less conservative.
英国概况Unit 1
英美文化与国家概况British and American Studies ( British Part )Unit One大学英语第一教研室余非编2013年2月Unit 1 The Country and the People Contents:1.Geographic Features2.People and Religion3.Official and Local Languages------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. Geographic Features1.1Component （组成部分）✧To the west and off the European Continent, several thousand of islands exist on theContinental Shelf. They are generally called the British Isles（不列颠群岛）.✧Of all these isles, the largest one is called Great Britain（大不列颠；英国）. For the sake ofconvenience, Great Britain is often shorten to Britain.✧The island of Great Britain runs nearly 1,000 kilometers from south to north . It extends , atthe widest part, about 500 kilometers from west to east.✧Still to the west of Great Britain is Ireland , the second largest island. It is politically dividedinto two parts, the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.✧The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国)is made up of Great Britain, Northern Ireland and a number of smaller islands around them.The total area of U.K. is over 245,000 square kilometers. Its total population is about60.94million (2008)Traditionally, Great Britain is divided into three countries or political regions:✧England in the south✧Scotland in the north✧Wales in the southwest.England :✧The largest area of all the three✧Its area : almost 60% of the whole island✧Its population : over 50 million .✧The importance of Engla nd is so great in Britain that some foreigners just say “England”when they mean Britain, and they say the “English people” when they mean the British people.Scotland :✧The second largest both in area and population✧Its area : about 78,760 square kilometers✧Its population : more than 5 million.Wales✧The smallest of the three both in area and population✧Its area : about 20,700 square kilometers✧Its population : about 2.7 million.Northern Ireland✧Its area : about 14,000 square kilometers✧Its population : about 1.5 million.Supplement 1Ireland✧Ireland was an independent kingdom before the Anglo-Norman（盎格鲁-诺曼语的）invaders came. Henry VIII（亨利八世）was the first English king to conquer Ireland and force English law on the Irish people. Soon after the conquest, large numbers of Scottish immigrants came in and established a colony in Ulster (阿尔斯特), another name for Northern Ireland.✧The Irish people were mostly Roman Catholics （罗马天主教）and they were opposed to theEnglish occupation. The English Government put down the rebellion made by the Irish people and passed the Penal Law (刑法) in 1690, which deprived the Irish Catholics of all their legal rights.✧Irish people never stopped fighting for independence. Their successful struggle finally led tothe establishment of the Republic of Ireland in 1927 within British Commonwealth（英联邦.In 1948 Ireland withdraw from Commonwealth and declared itself a republic.✧However, since most of the immigrants from Britain were Protestants (新教徒) , theyrefused to separate themselves form their home country. They held the northeast of the island , and up to now they continue to keep it within the United Kingdom. It is today’ s Northern Ireland.Supplement 2Irish Republican Army ( IRA)✧Nowadays, in Northern Ireland there are one-third of people are still Roman Catholics ,whodemand independence from Britain that is dominated by Protestantism (新教徒主义、新教徒).✧Therefore, some radical Roman Catholics organized a military group fighting for theindependence of Northern Ireland. It often resorts to terrorist campaigns （战役；活动）of bombing, murdering and arson.1.2 Physical Features（自然特色）✧Leaving Ireland on one side, The island of Great Britain can be divided into two partsaccording to its geographic features:1) The Highland Zone in the north and west and2) The Lowland Zone in the south and southeast.✧Britain is an island country, with its coastline running about 8,000 kilometers.✧The coastline is highly irregular with many bays and inlets that provide lots of harbors andshelters for ship and boats.✧As an island country, Great Britain does not share a land border with any other countriesexcept the Republic of Ireland.✧To the north of Great Britain the seaway is open and leads to the Arctic Ocean(北冰洋).✧Across the North Sea Britain faces such countries as Holland, Germany , Denmark andNorway.✧To the southeast and across the English Channel is France , which is linked with Britain by atunnel called the Channel Tunnel (海峡隧道)，open to traffic in 1994, was built by Britishand French private investors. The main tunnel is 50-km long at an average depth of 40 meters below the seabed.✧The tunnel has great symbolic importance as an unbroken link between Britain and theEuropean Continent.The Highlands of Scotland:✧Scotland is a mountainous country , with its highlands taking up over half of the country. BenNevis, the highest mountain in Britain, with an elevation of 1,300 meters in North Scotland. The Central Lowlands of Scotland:✧ A great valley , which forms the Central Lowlands of Scotland , is lying to the south of theHighlands of Scotland, the valley is also called the Middle Valley. It is the most important economic region in Scotland and accommodates three-quarters of Scotland’s total population.✧The Southern Uplands: The land on the southern side of the Central Lowlands of Scotland isknown as the Southern Upland. The area includes some very old mountains with round tops. The Pennines (奔宁山脉)：✧In the northern part of England, include some old mountains which make up a kind of plateau.Pennine Chains run about 120 kilometers from south to north , known as the backbone of England.The Lake District:✧Well-known for its unique lakes, is situated on the western side of the Pennines. The area hasthe finest scenery in Britain. It is also well-known in the history of English literature because it was home to Lake Poets (湖畔[派]诗人)，such as William Wordsworth (华兹华斯)；Robert Southey(罗伯特.骚塞_ .The Welsh Massif:✧This massif embraces all the hill masses that near to the west of middle part of England.2.People and Religion2.1 People✧The United Kingdom has a population of 60.94 million (2008), with an average populationdensity of 244 persons per sq km.✧British’s population is overwhelmingly urban, with about 90% living in urban areas and 10%living in rural areas.✧Like U.S.A, the United Kingdom is also a melting-pot of different cultures. It has a diversepopulation that includes people from almost every continent of the world , such as Indians, Chinese and Africans, but a majority of them are white westerns.✧Immigrants from India make up 1.5% of the population; Chinese, 0.3%; and Africans, 0.03%.✧Asian and black minorities are still suffering from discrimination and disadvantages.✧However, the British government has passed laws to ensure fairness and justice for ethnicminorities. The Race Relations Act of 1976 makes it illegal to discriminate against any person because of race, color, nationality, or origin, and it is a criminal offense to incite racial hatred.Ethnic component of white people in Britain :①English people : originate from the descendents of English-speaking Anglo-Saxonsand the Jutes(朱特人), who arrived in Britain as invaders between the 5th and 7thcenturies A.D.②Scottish and Welsh people: Most of them originate from Celts ---The first settlers wholived on this land, but later driven to the North and West by later arrivers.③French-speaking Normans: conquered England in 1066, adding another ethniccomponent to the nation.✧The U.K. has a smaller percentage of younger people and a higher percentage of older people,with more than 20% of the people over the age of 60; those under the age of 15 years make up only 19.5 of the population.✧Life expectancy in Britain is 75 years for men and 81 years for women. (2001)2.2 Religion✧The British law protects religious freedom. Everyone has the freedom to believe any church,or not to believe any religion at all. Most of the world’s religi ons have followers in Britain.✧The majority of the British people believe in Christianity., which is the religion of thefollowers of Jesus Christ. The first Christian church was established at Canterbury (坎特伯雷，英格兰东南部一座自治市)。
高三英语british-and-american-english课件
[多选]制定中、高度危险因素的地下管线、地面(下)构筑物安全技术措施前，必须进行风险识别与分析，包括()。A.识别重要危险因素B.基坑开挖工况影响分析C.对可能出现的安全状态进行分析D.评价其危险程度E.数值模拟计算 [名词解释]工程移交 [单选,A2型题,A1/A2型题]发热微恶寒，口渴咽干，干咳，舌干苔黄，脉浮数。证属（）A.伤暑证B.温燥证C.凉燥证D.内燥证E.阴虚证 [问答题,案例分析题]某拟建工业项目建设投资3000万元，建设期2年，生产运营期8年。其他有关资料和基础数据如下：1．建设投资预计全部形成固定资产，固定资产使用年限为8年，残值率5％，采用直线法折旧。2．建设投资来源为资本金和贷款。其中贷款本金为l800万 [单选]做功的结果是引起()。A.物体能量的改变或转化B.能量不变C.速度变化D.加速度变化 [单选]临床上评价舒张功能的金标准是（）。A.心导管所测参数B.左房室瓣口血流频谱C.左房室瓣环运动速度D.等容舒张时间E.肺静脉频谱 [单选]印刷机的核心机构是（）。A.压印机构B.输纸机构C.输墨机构D.传动机构 [单选]海事局应自收到书面申请次日起至申请的拟开始施工作业次日（）天前，作出施工作业是否符合通航安全的决定。A.7B.10C.12D.15 [填空题]带有脱硫系统的锅炉效率（）。 [单选]接收机对邻近干扰的抑制能力主要取决于（）。A.高放谐振回路B.中放谐振回路C.混频器 [多选]以下计量单位的符号，其表达错误的是（）。A.msB.KmC.nmD.mμmE.1/m3 [单选]对地下隧道的选线应特别注意避免（）。A.穿过岩层裂缝B.穿过软弱夹层C.平行靠近断层破碎带D.交叉靠近断层破碎带 [单选,A2型题,A1/A2型题]二尖瓣狭窄发生大咯血时以下处理不正确的是（）A.采取坐位或患侧卧位B.酚妥拉明C.垂体后叶素D.利尿E.镇静 [单选]再造想象和创造想象在性质上存在的差异主要表现在（）上。A．表象储备B．实践要求C．知识经验D．新颖程度 [单选,A4型题,A3/A4型题]27岁女性，一直服用复方短效口服避孕药避孕，但因工作原因经常发生漏服，经医生推荐采用长效避孕针避孕。使用避孕针1号注意事项正确的是（）A.发生视物模糊为药物正常反应，可予观察B.需定期做乳腺检查C.首次注射后无异常即可离院D. [单选,A2型题,A1/A2型题]农药污染食品的主要途径有（）。A.农药喷洒对农作物的直接污染B.农作物从污染的环境中吸收农药C.生物富集作用D.运输和贮存中混放E.以上都是 [单选,A1型题]紫绀可见于（）A.急性喉炎B.重症肌无力C.气胸D.先天性心脏病（右向左分流型）E.以上都是 [单选]当组数等于2时，对于同一资料，方差分析结果与f检验结果（）A.['完全等价且F=tB.完全等价且C.完全等价且D.方差分析结果更准确E.t检验结果更准确 [单选]在每一日历年内，客户的受电变压器（含不通过受电变压器的高压电动机）5台时，可申请全部或部分用电容量的暂时停止用电（）次。A.2B.3C.4D.5 [单选,A1型题]脑血栓形成的最常见病因是（）。A.高血压B.脑动脉粥样硬化C.各种脑动脉炎D.血压偏低E.红细胞增多症 [单选]肾性急性肾衰竭最常见的病因是A.链球菌感染B.血容量减少C.磺胺药过敏D.肾缺血或肾毒性物质E.急性尿路梗阻 [填空题]回转窑密封装置的基本型式有（）、（）、（）和（）四种。 [判断题]银行卡按发卡对象分可分为贵宾卡和普通卡。A.正确B.错误 [单选]依据《建设工程质量管理条例》关于见证取样的规定，()无需取样送检，即可用于工程。A.水泥B.焊剂C.防水卷材D.钢筋垫块 [单选,A2型题,A1/A2型题]最多可容纳8个电子的壳层是（）A.K层B.L层C.M层D.N层E.O层 [单选]"产后血晕者，其状心烦，气欲绝是也。……若下血多且晕者，但烦而已。下血少而气逆者，则血随气上，心下满急……若不急疗，即危其命也。"出自（）A.《景岳全书》B.《妇人大全良方》C.《傅青主女科》D.《诸病源候论》E.《经效产宝》 [单选,A1型题]人类心理过程的认识过程不包括（）。A.感觉B.信念C.记忆D.思维E.想象 [单选]葡萄胎刮宫术后应至少随访（）。A.1年B.3～5年C.3个月D.半年E.2年 [单选,A2型题,A1/A2型题]当毛细血管血液的还原血红蛋白超过下列哪项数值时，皮肤黏膜即可出现发绀（）。A.100g/LB.80g/LC.60g/LD.50g/LE.40g/L [单选]下列不属于招标采购合同基本法律特点的是（）。A.招标采购合同是一种民事法律行为B.招标采购合同是一种刑事法律行为C.招标采购合同是合同当事人意思表示一致的协议D.招标采购合同以设立、变更、终止民事权利义务关系为目的 [单选]（）应向验船部门申请拖航检验，并取得验船师签发的拖航检验报告或适航批准书。A.短途拖航B.长途拖航C.港内拖航D.内河拖航 [单选]人居环境建设的目标是（）。A.充分运用规划手段，建设可持续发展的、宜人的居住环境B.使人类达到生态环境的满足C.使人类达到人文环境的满足D.A+BE.A+B+C [填空题]刀具材料应具备较高的硬度、足够的（）和（）、高耐磨性、高耐热性。我们制图中常用的刀柄材料一般用（）刀片材料一般用（） [单选,A2型题,A1/A2型题]为了鉴别小原粒性白血病与急淋，下列首选试验是（）.A.PAS染色B.POX染色C.ALP积分测定D.ASD-NCE染色E.以上都正确 [单选]当飞机绕重心有一个低头的角加速度时，位于飞机重心之前的主起落架的过载（）。A.小于飞机重心处的过载B.大于飞机重心处的过载C.与飞机重心处的过载无关D.等于飞机重心处的过载 [单选]某企业2008年度发生以下业务：以银行存款购买将于2个月后到期的国债500万元，偿还应付账款200万元，支付生产人员工资150万元，购买固定资产300万元。假定不考虑其他因素，该企业2008年度现金流量表中“购买商品、接受劳务支付的现金”项目的金额为()万 [单选]不可再生自然资源的影子价格应按资源的()计算;可再生自然资源的影子价格应按资源的()计算。A.再生费用，机会成本B.机会成本，再生费用C.机会成本，经济价值D.经济价值，再生费用 [问答题,简答题]货物重心投影在特殊情况必须位移时的要求是什么？ [单选]口服补液适用于()A．新生儿肠炎B．肾功能不全者C．重症腹泻患儿D．酸中毒并重度脱水者E．轻、中度脱水无严重呕吐者 [单选,A1型题]预防医学研究的主要内容是（）A.人群的健康状况B.环境因素的生物学效应C.改善生活、生产环境，增进人群健康D.人类疾病的预防措施E.人群中疾病发生发展的规律和影响健康的各种因素
新视野大学英语第三册Unit3课文翻译
【导语】本⽂《新视野⼤学英语第三册Unit3课⽂翻译》由⽆忧考写作翻译频道整理，仅供参考。
如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享～感谢你的阅读与⽀持！ 海德中学的办学宗旨是：如果你向学⽣传授诸如求真、勇敢、正直、领导能⼒、好奇⼼和关⼼他⼈等美德的话，学⽣的学习成绩⾃然就会提⾼。
该校的创始⼈约瑟夫·⾼尔德声称学校的教学很成功。
海德中学位于缅因州巴思市，每年的学费⾼达1.8万美元，因其教导问题少年有⽅⽽闻名遐迩。
“我们并不把⾃⼰看作⼀所专为某⼀类孩⼦⽽开设的学校，”马尔科姆·⾼尔德说。
他是约瑟夫的⼉⼦，毕业于海德中学，现任海德中学校长。
“我们把帮助孩⼦培养⼀种⽣活⽅式看作⾃⼰的职责，办法是倡导⼀整套能影响所有孩⼦的价值观念。
” 现在，乔·⾼尔德(约瑟夫·⾼尔德)正试图将他尚有争议的“品德第⼀”的理念向旧城区的公⽴学校推⼴。
这些学校愿意将⽤于传统教学计划的税⾦⽤于实施这⼀新的教学⽅法。
海德公⽴学校第⼀个教学计划始于1992年9⽉。
但⼏个⽉后，该计划即告暂停。
教师们对教学计划的⾼要求以及⾼强度⼯作所带来的压⼒表⽰*。
今年秋天，海德基⾦会计划在巴尔的摩启动初步的公⽴学校教学计划。
教师要接受培训，以便今后能在整个巴尔的摩体系内胜任⼯作。
美国其他学校的领导们也在关注这个教学计划。
去年秋天，在家长的⼀⽚*声中，海德基⾦会在康涅狄格州纽⿊⽂市郊区的⼀所中学内启动了⼀个引⼈注⽬的教学计划。
当地居民担⼼该校可能招进来旧城区的少数民族学⽣和问题学⽣。
就像在缅因州那样，求真也在康涅狄格州的这所中学得到⼴泛推崇。
在⼀堂英语课上，11名学⽣⽤最后的5分钟展开激烈的讨论，依照1－10的评分标准相互评价他们当天的课堂表现。
“我得10分。
” “我有意见。
你既没做语法作业，也没做拼写练习。
” “那好，就7分吧。
” “你只能得6分。
” “等等，我可是全⼒以赴的。
” “是的，可你今天没提问。
unit 2 (British and American Studies) 英美文化 教学课件
Direction
In this unit, we will look at how Britain is governed, nationally and locally. We begin by looking at the structure of the national government and some of the main principles behind the evolution of the British Constitution.
Unit 2 The British Government
1.3 The Monarch
1.2.2 The Advantage of Monarch
Britain is a constitutional
monarchy, that is, a monarchy
in which the sovereign has
1.2.2 The Advantage of Monarch
➢The hereditary principle ensures that there is always a recognized legal sovereign.
➢The Monarch is traditionally above politics and is, therefore, able to express a view not regarded as politically motivated.
The Government and the Cabinet Civil Servants Local Government
Unit 2 The British Government
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Left
Center
Right
Communist Labour Liberal Conservative Fascist
Public ownership
Conservative Beliefs
‘Mixed’ Economy
Authoritarian State– free market economy
Unit 3 Politics and Law
1.1.3 Beliefs & Policies of the Major Parties Labour Party Beliefs ➢It advocates class cooperation so as to achieve social aeve the need for central government planning so that market can develop soundly.
➢It is firmly committed to the state welfare system.
Unit 3 Politics and Law
1.2 Elections
1.2.1 Basic Principles of Elections Goal of Election
➢Stress the importance of keeping valuable traditions, such as loyalty and obedience.
Unit 3 Politics and Law
1.1.3 Beliefs & Policies of the Major Parties
Unit 3 Politics and Law
1.1 Political Parties
1.1.1 Party politics & major Political Parties in Britain Major political Parties in Britain
➢There are now ___th_r_e_e___ main parties in Britain, though only two of these have a real chance of forming government: the _c_o_n_s_e_r_v_a_ti_v_e_ Party and the _L_a_b_o_u_r_ Party. The third party is the social &Liberal Democratic Party.
Conservative Party
Middle, upper-middle classes
Liberals
19th Century Trade union, liberals, socialists,
progressive intellectuals
Conservative Party
Middle, upper-middle classes, 20th Century Well-to-do workers
Labour Party Beliefs
➢The basic doctrine was based on socialism, the goal was to promote national and individual growth, not the uprising of one class by overthrowing another one.
Unit 3 Politics and Law
1.1 Political Parties
1.1.1 Party politics & major Political Parties in Britain
Party Politics ➢In the United Kingdom, politics is under the control of political parties, and this is known as _P_a_r_ty__P_o_li_ti_c_s_. ➢British government is produced through contest between two major political parties every five years. British voters consider the transfer between parties as a effective way of making government more __re_s_p_o_n_s_iv_e__to their demands.
Labour Party manual workers, Middle, uppermiddle classes
Social Democrats
Unit 3 Politics and Law
1.1.3 Beliefs & Policies of the Major Parties ‘Left’ and ‘Right’ in political spectrum
Conservative Beliefs ➢Economically, it stands for free enterprise and privatization of state-owned firms. ➢Attach more importance to efficiency and economic prosperity than the goal of economy.
Wales
Unit 3 Politics and Law
1.1 Political Parties
1.1.2 Evolution of Multi-Party Democracy
Tories
Big landowners, Anglican
17th Century
Whigs
small landowners, tradesmen, protestant dissenters