文学伦理学批评视角下_名利场_中的婚姻爱情伦理观_朱经苹
《名利场》的文学伦理学解读
An Interpretation of Literary Ethics in the Novel of
Vanity Fair
作者： 杨桂琴[1]
作者机构： [1]陇南师范高等专科学校外国语学院,甘肃成县742500
出版物刊名： 黑龙江教师发展学院学报
页码： 103-105页
年卷期： 2021年 第12期
主题词： 《名利场》;伦理选择;伦理身份
摘要：萨克雷小说《名利场》中,众多事件都与利蓓加和艾米丽亚所做的伦理选择和当时特殊的伦理环境及伦理身份的改变有关.利蓓加的伦理选择是当时伦理环境下变化的结果.而艾米丽亚的伦理选择体现了她在当时社会下的精神迷失,而伦理选择导致的后果又与当时主流社会相关.这些悲剧的发生充分体现了她们在伦理秩序调整和重构中所付出的努力,作者也以此批判了当时不合理的社会制度,体现了作者的伦理观.。
《名利场》语用解读--文学语用学探索之一
《名利场》语用解读--文学语用学探索之一
涂靖
【期刊名称】《外国语文（四川外语学院学报）》
【年(卷),期】2002(018)006
【摘要】文学语用学是一门新兴的边缘学科.运用该学科的主要理论--言语行为理论剖析<名利场>可以发现,整体特色是反讽,具体表现在三个层面:苏格拉底似的反讽叙述、人物间的反讽对话和人物的反讽命运.这部作品的从言语行为角度分析<名利场>的反讽特色对揭示作者的批判精神以及呼唤读者的参与和合作具有独特的作用.
【总页数】4页(P81-84)
【作者】涂靖
【作者单位】长沙交通学院,外语系,湖南,长沙,410076
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】H030
【相关文献】
1.从语用学角度解读《斯佳丽》——兼谈续集文学创作及解读 [J], 付卉
2.戴望舒诗歌颜色词的文学语用学解读 [J], 马红雪
3.语用理论与文学批评--文学语用学探索之三 [J], 涂靖
4.《花园茶会》的文学语用学解读 [J], 刘文洁
5.语用学视角下对《名利场》人物对话语言的解读 [J], 于嘉琪
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
《名利场》中的社交伦理与道德沦丧
名利场中的社交伦理与道德沦丧概述《名利场》是一部由许多故事构成的长篇小说，这些故事揭示了在名利场环境中，人们为了追逐权力、地位和财富而牺牲道德和伦理观念的现象。
本文将探讨《名利场》中所展现的社交伦理与道德沦丧现象，以及对个人和社会可能产生的影响。
社交伦理破碎在《名利场》中，我们经常看到人们出于自私目的而背叛朋友、家庭成员或者合作伙伴。
他们为了谋取个人利益，不择手段地欺骗、背叛甚至毁灭他人。
这种行为破坏了社交关系的基础，并深深侵蚀了互信和友谊。
背叛与欺骗主要角色经常通过欺骗、隐瞒真相或背叛他人来达到自己的目标。
例如，《名利场》中的某角色（下称A）为了得到一个重要职位，就向前任老板（下称B）泄露B公司商业机密，从而使B事业一落千丈。
这种背叛行为导致了A与B之间的社交伦理和道德关系完全破裂。
利用和出卖他人为了实现自己的野心和欲望，主要角色常常利用和出卖他人。
他们勾结在一起，形成利益集团，并通过相互获利，达到自己的目标。
然而，在这个过程中他们故意置他人于被利用、被损害或失去名誉的境地，从而彻底破坏了社交伦理与道德底线。
影响个人与社会《名利场》所呈现的社交伦理与道德沦丧对个体和整个社会都产生着深远的影响。
个体层面对于参与其中的个体来说，为了谋取利益而忽视道德与伦理原则可能导致内心的负罪感和精神上的痛苦。
例如，在《名利场》中，某角色（下称C）为了追求成功不惜牺牲自己真挚的感情并伤害重要人物D。
虽然成功之后C可能获得权力和地位，但内心可能始终存在着道德上的负罪感和对伦理原则的焦虑。
社会层面社交伦理与道德沦丧在社会中导致了信任危机、价值观混乱以及整体道德水准的下滑。
如果个人追求名利场中所定义的成功，而无视道德和伦理观念，则整个社会失去了相互信任和和谐共处的基础。
这不仅突出了社会问题，还可能威胁到社会稳定和发展。
总结《名利场》中呈现的社交伦理与道德沦丧是一个警示：追逐权力、地位和财富时，我们应该始终坚守道义原则，并考虑自己行为对他人及整个社会造成的影响。
通过《名利场》认识社会问题与道德观念
通过《名利场》认识社会问题与道德观念《名利场》是法国作家巴尔扎克的作品之一，它以描写19世纪法国上流社会的政治斗争、财富追逐和人性的黑暗面为主题，这个小说引人深思，反映了当时社会存在的一些问题和对道德观念的思考。
本文将从几个角度来探讨《名利场》对于我们认识社会问题和道德观念的启示。
社会风气与利益驱动在小说中，《名利场》展现了一个充满权力斗争、阶层固化和金钱至上的社会风气。
财富和地位成为人们追逐的目标，而道德伦理则被抛诸脑后。
这揭示了社会中存在着普遍贪婪、无底线竞争、以及道德沦丧的现象。
通过读《名利场》，我们能够更加清楚地看到这种现象对个体和整个社会产生的不良影响。
人性的复杂与欲望的漩涡小说中塑造了许多具有丰富内心世界的角色，如主人公卢梭、黛米塔斯等，他们既有高尚的品格，又承载着不可抑制的欲望。
《名利场》通过描绘这些复杂的人物形象，提醒我们人性中存在着矛盾与欲望的漩涡。
正是这种欲望与利益交织的驱使下，一些个体甘愿放弃道德底线来追逐名利，导致了社会问题的产生。
道德观念与后果作者通过刻画小说中各类人物形象，生动地展示了他们对道德观念的理解和态度。
无论是为了个人利益还是家族荣誉，他们常常违反道义准则。
然而，《名利场》也向读者表明了这样做所带来的后果：贪婪和不义最终只会自食其果。
在小说中，许多角色因为自私和冷酷而付出代价或遭受惩罚。
这让我们深入思考个体对道德观念贻误行为所面临的必然后果。
反思与警醒通过《名利场》，我们得以反思社会问题和道德观念的重要性，同时也警醒着我们不要轻易追逐名利而失去了自己的人性和良知。
这部作品通过展现人性的复杂与欲望的漩涡，提醒我们应当保持内心的清明与道义，不受外在诱惑的影响，树立正确的价值观和道德底线。
综上所述，《名利场》通过揭示社会风气、塑造人物形象以及反思对道德观念的曲解和背离等方式，使我们更加认识到社会中存在的一些问题并引发对于道德观念的思考。
通过阅读和深入探索《名利场》，我们能够对社会问题和个体行为产生深入思考，并从中汲取教训以提高自我修养。
[《名利场》中的介入性评价分析] 名利场小说
![[《名利场》中的介入性评价分析] 名利场小说](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/055ce3a9d0f34693daef5ef7ba0d4a7302766ce4.png)
[《名利场》中的介入性评价分析] 名利场小说
交叉对生活作了有力的评价。 有专家曾经高度评价《名利场》中的介入性评论，认为这种介入性评
论是小说中不行或缺的重要组成部分。也有一部分人认为在《名利场》这
威廉萨克雷(William Makepeace Thackeray)是 19 世纪英国最杰出的 类小说中穿插的评论太多而且显得说教性过于強烈，这种令人反感的说教
者们展开深入的思索，充分发掘读者内心的情感和思维，使得他们对作品 律，规定除了店铺的收条之外，一切文字字据，过了适当的短时期，统统
的了解更为深入。就像在描写爱米丽亚和奥斯本的爱情时，萨克雷就通过 应当销毁。〞这样极端的话语，让读者也能深刻感受到名利场法则的強大
达者对此刻的情景进行分析，并且阐述自己的见解来引导读者，使他们能 心的社会现实。
够充分认清这个名利场其实就是现实社会的行为准则以及生存法则，并且
二、充分调动和激发人的推断力和想象力
第2页共4页
本文格式为 Word 版，下载可任意编辑，页眉双击删除即可。
威廉萨克雷在小说的场景中插入表达者的话，其实并不像许多人认为 读者感到一丝无奈甚至是失落。在让读者认识到名利场潜规则強大的同时，
的那样仅仅根据个人的思想意图对读者进行说教，影响读者。他常常会向 更激起了其愤慨与抵抗的心情，这也正是的真实意图。
读者们提出各种问题让读者自己做出解答，展开与读者们思想上的沟通与
例如，在小说中有两次特殊的商量。其中一次是别德太太想方设法找
互动，让读者进入到小说中，设身处地地感受四周的环境和形式，以小说 到利蓓加在学校时写的一些旧信，对其进行曲解，引起克劳莱小姐对利蓓
了比较饱满的人物形象，描绘了宽阔的社会生活画面，并通过人物命运的
《名利场》中的女性主义研究
《名利场》中的女性主义研究作者：孙佳来源：《青年文学家》2018年第11期摘要：《名利场》是世界著名的现实主义批判小说，标志着女性意识的觉醒，在世界文学史上有着较高的地位，本文主要通过分析《名利场》中利蓓加女性形象，阐述女性传统地位的颠覆及对社会造成的巨大影响力，探究女性主义觉醒的过程。
关键词：《名利场》；女性主义；研究分析作者简介：孙佳（1982.2-），女，吉林大安人，硕士，郑州铁路职业技术学院讲师，研究方向：英美文学及英语教学。
[中图分类号]：I106 [文献标识码]：A[文章编号]：1002-2139（2018）-11--02现实主义批判小说《名利场》是19世纪英国著名小说家萨克雷的作品，自面世以来，这部小说由于其内容的现实性和批判性引起了世界文学界的广泛关注，并产生了不同的见解，部分学者认为萨克雷的《名利场》过度宣扬名利、金钱至上的理念，还有部分学者认为《名利场》中的女性角色利蓓加是敢于追求自己生活的独立形象，是女性意识觉醒和地位提高的开端。
19世纪的英国启蒙运动如火如荼地开展，自由、平等、人权等思想得到快速发展，尤其是女性思想得到解放，尤其是家庭妇女想要正确到经济独立的权利，不再满足于传统的家庭地位，追求男女平等的社会地位，小说《名利场》就是诞生于这样的社会背景下，体现了女性在权利解放过程中所做的斗争。
一、《名利场》小说简介《名利场》是英国小说家萨克雷的代表作品，小说真实的揭露和反映当时的社会现状，19世纪的英国正处于政局动荡时期，追名逐利是社会的主流价值观，《名利场》就以现实社会为背景，生动形象地展示了人性的复杂，在其作品中，没有绝对的好人，也没有绝对的坏人，真实地刻画了饱满的人物形象，小说主要围绕利蓓加想要跻身于上层社会而进行的一切行为为主线，利蓓加是下层社会女性形象的典型代表，她有着美丽的外表，但是却在生活中处处受到压迫和排挤，加大了利蓓加想要进入上流社会的决心，为达到这一目标，利蓓加不择手段，出卖自身，阿谀谄媚，然而最终还是失败了。
【优秀精品】毕业设计 毕业论文 英语专业 《名利场》;爱情观
【优秀精品】毕业设计毕业论文英语专业《名利场》；爱情观AcknowledgementsFirst of all, I would like to express my most sincere gratitude to Professor Yang Jin, my instructor who gave me valuable advice and instructions with great patience and helped me through the painstaking process of the thesis writing.Secondly, I am really grateful to all the professors and all my teachers in Shanghai Normal University, especially my former writing course teachers and English literature course teachers Professor Qiu Wen, Ji Xiaoling, Ming Jianping, Qin Yuanlian and Zheng Fang. It is my great honor to acquire knowledge from them and have their guidance and support.Then, I would give my thanks to the librarians of Shanghai Normal University who offered me warm and timely help during the process of the collecting of materials and the writing of the thesis.Finally, I owe my most heartfelt thanks to my parents and all my good friends, I can hardly imagine ever completing this thesis without those constant help and encouragement.AbstractVanity Fair is the masterpiece of William Makepeace Thackeray who is one of the most famous critical realistic novelists in the mid 19th century in England. The story in this novel is developing according to the experience of the traditional woman Amelia Sedley and the non-traditional woman Rebecca Becky Sharp. They are quite vivid and impressive female characters in Thackeray’s age. Vanity Fair represents profoundly the society of London in the Victorian age. Through the contrasting lives of the two heroines, Thackeray shows his admiration and sympathy for women in a money-oriented and status-conscious male world and attacks a corrupted, hypocritical society which advocates the Victorian virtues of marriage and family. Based on a close reading of the novel, and by the method of character analysis and comparison, this thesis will study values of love of the two heroines in Vanity Fair.This thesis contains six chapters. Chapter One is the introduction. It scans the previous studies of Vanity Fair and presents a new perspective and the theme of this thesis--values of love of the two heroines, Amelia Sedley and Rebecca Becky Sharp, in Vanity Fair. Chapter Two discribes the history background. Chapter Three shows the central argument of the thesis--the two heroines’ different values of love. Chapter Four deals with three significant factors which influence these two different kinds of values of love. Chapter Five studies the marriage and fate of Amelia and Rebecca in the shadow of their values of love. Chapter Six indicatesthe internal relations not only between Thackeray and Vanity Fair, but also between Thackeray and the two heroines. The last chapter, the conclusion, summarizes the views of this thesis and suggests that no matter which country women live in and no matter in which period they exist, they should not underestimate their own capabilities. They ought to try to withstand the unfair discrimination from the society as well as the traditional bondages, and live bravely with the maintenance of positive attitude for life.Key words: Vanity Fair; values of love; Rebecca; Amelia摘要《名利场》是十九世纪中期英国著名的批判现实主义作家威廉??萨克雷的代表作。
英国文学作品的语言风格——以《名利场》为例
作者简介:宁蓓（1981~），女，安徽合肥人，硕士，副教授，研究方向：英语教育、外国文学。
收稿日期:2019-12-20英国文学作品的语言风格———以《名利场》为例宁蓓安徽财贸职业学院朱熹文旅学院，安徽合肥230601摘要：《名利场》是萨克雷的成名作，作为英国19世纪著名的批判主义作家，通过《名利场》对当时的社会进行了深刻的讽刺，其语言风格也极具特色。
基于此，通过对《名利场》的社会背景进行了简单的介绍，然后从叙事手法、叙述方式、语言特色以及语言风格四个方面对作品进行了整体的研究。
关键词：英国文学作品；语言风格；写作特色；《名利场》中图分类号：I561.074文献标识码：A文章编号：2095-7734（2020）01-0083-02一个作品的语言风格不仅是作者的个人特色，更有着明显的时代特征和民族风格。
《名利场》作为英国十分著名的批判主义作品，在语言上圆熟泼辣，极具特色。
从这部作品中可以了解到英国作家身上独特的民族风格，具有一定的研究价值。
一、《名利场》的社会背景《名利场》是萨克雷中期的文学作品。
当时，刚刚结束拿破仑战争，全国上下均以痴迷的态度追逐名利。
在《名利场》中，重点抨击当时百姓的愚昧无知。
创作《名利场》期间，萨克雷打破了传统的写作模式，尽可能将真实的现况呈现在读者眼前，因此，小说中有大量篇幅描写每个角色的思想活动、内心感受。
《名利场》全篇中，主要展现虚伪狡诈、唯利是图的人性，内容并不是作者构想虚拟的，而是对当时社会背景的真实写照[2]。
二、对比的叙事方法在《名利场》这篇小说的写作背景中，正处于19世纪初期的英国，当时的英国有着明显的社会等级观念。
小说中的主人公丽贝卡生于贫穷的人家，尽管她聪敏好学，但是在学校中仍然得不到尊重，校长一直对她有偏见，反而十分疼爱贵族阶层的艾米丽娅。
在艾米丽娅家中，丽贝卡对所有人都处处讨好，想要吸引乔瑟夫的关注，甚至连管家都可以讨好。
但是艾米丽娅的母亲认为她来自于穷人家庭，一点不认同丽贝卡。
语专业本科毕业论文 从女性主义角度分析《名利场》中的两位女性形象
本科生毕业论文从女性主义角度分析《名利场》中的两位女性形象院(系)、专业河北师范大学英语研究方向英国文学学生姓名学号指导教师姓名指导教师2013年5月20日Hebei Normal University Graduation ThesisA Feminist Analysis of Two Womenin Vanity FairCollege & Major：Hebei Normal University,English Research Field：British LiteratureStudent Name：Tutor Name：Tutor Title：Date: July20, 2012内容摘要《名利场》是英国19世纪批判现实主义作家萨克雷的代表作，通过描述两位性格迥异的女性形象及其各自不同的命运，揭露了当时英国上层社会的道德危机和腐败堕落，进而批判了资本主义社会金钱至上的观念。
大部分人对名利场中的两位女性形象持否定态度，人们普遍认为利蓓佳·夏泼自私、贪婪、虚伪，艾米利亚懦弱、缺乏主见，然而本文认为这两位女性都具有女性主义独立，智慧和坚强的特质，综合分析认为作者萨克雷实际上对这两位男权社会压迫下的女性持同情与赞扬的态度，而非批判。
本文主要在介绍作者的女性主义思想发展的基础上，从女性主义角度对小说中两位女性形象进行分析。
通过作者对笔下两位女性生动的描写，读者可以看到萨克雷对这两位女斗士的态度与波伏娃的女性主义理论不谋而合。
关键词：女性形象；女性主义；男权社会；赞扬AbstractVanity Fair is the masterpiece of Thackeray, a critical realism writer in the 19th century in Great Britain. By describing two typical female images with completely different characters and fates, it reveals the moral crisis and corruption of British upper society and then criticizes the money-orientated concept of capitalist society. Most people hold a negative attitude towards the female images in Vanity Fair and they generally consider that Rebecca Sharp is selfish greedy and hypocritical and Amelia is cowardly, stubborn, and weak-minded. However, this paper thinks these two females both have the feminism features, such as independence, wisdom, and braveness, and believes Thackeray actually sympathized and praised these two women rather than criticized them.This paper mainly analyzes the two female images in Vanity Fair from the perspective of feminism based on the author’s thought development of feminism. Through Thackeray’s vivid description of the two females in a male-oriented society, we can see the author’s attitude towards the two women coincides with Beauvoir’s feminist theories.Key words: female image; feminism; male-oriented society; praiseContents1. Introduction (1)1.1 Thackeray’s life and his “Vanity Fair” (1)1.2 Feminism and the purpose of this paper (1)1.3 Literature Review (1)2. The Sources of Thackeray’s Feminism (2)2.1 The social sources (2)2.2 His family sources (3)3. A Feminist Analysis of Amelia and Rebecca (3)3.1 Amelia as a heroine (3)3.1.1 A warm-hearted and pure Amelia (4)3.1.2 An unswerving and faithful girl (4)3.1.3 An courageous and decisive Amelia (5)3.2 Rebecca as a heroine (5)3.2.1 An iron-willed and independent Rebecca (6)3.2.2 A rebellious and smart Rebecca (6)3.2.3 An ambitious and adventurous Rebecca (7)4. Conclusion (7)References (8)Acknowledgements (9)1. IntroductionThis part makes a brief introduction to the author Thackeray, his novel Vanity Fair, and feminism, and introduces the heroines in the novel Vanity Fair from the perspective of feminism. Compared with other literature reviews, this paper has a different idea.1.1 Thackeray’ s life and his“V anity Fair”Thackeray(1811-1863) was an representative of critical realism in the 19th century England. He was born in India in the family of an English official. In his early life, Thackeray wrote all kinds of articles, mainly short pieces for journals and relatively slim books. Up to 1847, a series of his satirical sketches were collected in The Book of Snobs. But it was not until the publication of Vanity Fair that the world recognized the appearance of a new novelist of the first rank.Vanity Fair as Thackeray’s masterpiece gives a comprehensive view of English society in the early 19th century. By the title which is derived from Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress meaning “a fair, wherein are sold all sorts vanity”, the author intended to paint a vivid picture of the egoistic, hypocritical and money-grabbing world of his age. The subtitle of the book is “A Novel without a Hero”. From this it can possibly mean firstly that there are no exactly positive characters in a world full of bad and faulty people. Secondly it may imply that this is a novel about women instead of men. Although the subtitle may mean that there is no real hero in the novel, Rebecca and Amelia can be the real heroines of the novel in a way.1.2 Feminism and the purpose of this paper“In a simple way, feminism is a belief in the social, political and economic equality of the sexes, and a movement organized around the conviction that biological sex should not be the pre-determinant factor shaping a person's social identity or socio-political or economic rights. Many feminists are especially concerned with social, political and economic inequalities between the sexes which favour men at women's expense; some have also argued that gendered and sexed identities, such as "man" and "woman", are socially constructed. Feminists may disagree over the sources of inequality, how to attain equality, and the extent to which gender and gender-based identities should be questioned and critiqued; some of this disagreement may stem from continuing pressure to conform to masculine norms”[1].The goal of feminist history is to explore and illuminate the female viewpoint of history through the rediscovery of female writers, artists, philosophers, etc, in order to recover and demonstrate the significance of women's voices and choices in the past. Two particular problems which feminist history attempts to address are the exclusion of women from the historical and philosophical tradition, and the negative characterization of women or the feminine in it; however, feminist history is not solely concerned with issues of gender per se, but rather with the reinterpretation of history in a more holistic and balanced manner.This thesis is to discu ss the two main female characters’ images from the feminism perspective, which can make readers know more about the novel and the main themes as well as the social background. What’s more, this thesis can make them know the author’s writing intention. Readers will have a deep understanding of the novel and the characters in the novel. At the same time, these discussions can give some implications for the modern readers and the modern women.1.3 Literature ReviewSince the publication of Vanity Fair, a lot of scholars domestic and overseas have studied it from different viewing angles such as the heroines’ characteristics and reflected realistic problems.The research of Vanity Fair in China booms in recent years but most of them are scanty in depth or extension. Most researchers agree that the main characters in the book are lifelike. Some researchers focus on special characters to explore the humanity of the Victorian Age. The life of the heroines is a metaphor of human being’s desire.The research of the foreign critics mainly divides into several aspects. Some critics consider that Thackeray is a sentimental novelist. These researchers consider that Vanity Fair is the strong support to the view that Thackeray is a cynic in heart and soul. Other researchers regard Vanity Fair as a realistic novel. In this novel, Thackeray has portrayed the living manners of his own age and they bear a true and deep resemblance to their prototypes of the 18th century. In addition, some researchers take Thackeray’s Vanity Fair as a master piece of satire. Gao (2002) surveys the position and role of women in a money-oriented and status-conscious male world. Wu (2003) exposes situation of corrupted and hypocritical society which advocates the Victorian Virtues of marriage and family. Charlotte commented: “The more I read Thackeray’s works the more certain I am that he stands alone-alone in his sagacity, alone in his truth, alone in his feeling … Thackeray is a Titan”[2].Critics shift their attention to almost every aspect of the novel as time goes on. Some are by the ethnical content; some are interested in the polysemy of the theme; some try to interpret the major characters; some pay attention to its psychological dimensions. This research mainly discusses the heroines’ van ity and snobbishness and its reflection in real society, with a purpose to make readers better understand the theme of the novel and thought of the author.Taking these literatures as reference, this paper decide to discuss the heroines’ feminism characteristics in realistic society and their feminism female images from their different characters and their behaviors. By discussing the topic, this paper aims to find out the theme of the novel and thought of the author on women.2. The Sources of Thackeray’s FeminismAccording to a lot of literature about Thackeray, we can easily discover that his feminism can be traced back to the social circumstances and his family life in Thackeray’s day.2.1 The social sourcesIn the author’s living time, Ancient Grea t Britain, after experiencing the 17th century’s bourgeois revolution and 18th century’s industrial revolution, until 19th century, finally finished the primitive accumulation of capital based on the large scale colonial plunder. At that moment, the British commerce was prosperous and the monopoly position of British industry was more stable than before. In that time, with the fast development of the science and technology, people’s ideology and faith changed a lot. Females began to realize their poor living situation, and the discrimination against them, and they decided to struggle for themselves. The Feminist movement emerged around the late 19th century with the beginnings of the first wave of feminism. The first wave refers to the feminism movement of the 19th through early 20th centuries, which dealt mainly with the Suffrage movement. It was an outgrowth of the anti-slavery and abolitionist movements, in which women fighting for the rights of Blacks in the United States realized that they themselves lacked some of the rights they were fighting for others.As a critical realism writer, Thackeray witnessed a corrupted, hypocritical and mammonish Victorian society. In a money-oriented and status-conscious male world, women underwent a pathetic society that was full of prejudice.From these it can be seen that the social background and the development of feminism in Thackeray’s time, which poses effect on his writing in this novel Vanity Fair and the creations of the females characters. Thackeray wanted to write something to wake up more women, and advocate them to stand up to fight and live in a new life.2.2 His family sourcesTo a large degree, Thackeray’s feminism thought derived from his family, his mother, wife, and his daughters. Melville says, “Tha ckeray had a nature of almost womanly softness”[3].At the age of four, Thackeray’s father died. From that moment on, his mother became his only spiritual support in his early life. Unfortunately, later he had to separate with his mother when he was sent to England to study. In England, Thackeray led a terrible and lonely life because of his unhappy and cruel educational experience. He expressed, “I remember kneeling by my little bed a night, and saying, ‘Pray God, I may dream of my mother’”[4] Thackeray’s mother described when she reunited with her child, “dear soul he has a perfect recollection of me he could not speak but kissed me and looked at me again and again”[4]. His early childhood experience made a contribution to his ideal of women which could be found in his books.In 1835, a girl Isabella Shawe whom he later married came into Thackeray’s life. The time he fell in love with her, she was 18 years old. Isabella Shawe was an innocent and childish girl which was just the reason why Thackeray loved her. However, it was proved to be a sad marriage for the author. His wife got mental illness and had never been normal at until the end of her life. what he treasured most then had turn into an enduring pain in his life. His second emotional support collapsed forever.In Thackeray’s later years, his spiritual support was his daughters. The time with his daughters was the happiest time. The love for his girls sustained his spirit. He made every effort to make his daughters live happily. In the rest of his life, he had never separated with them. “Thackeray’s affection for his daughters was one of the most touching things about him”[5].Besides, Thackeray had a number of female acquaintances. His need for this kind of companionship could be understood through the analysis of his reliance on his mother. “I can’t live without the tenderness of some women”[3], he wrote to Mrs. Brookfield. In his many letters, we can find his need for the female companionship easily.In a word, Thackeray’s close relationship can be seen in his letters and the other books about him. These women and their ideas had a great influence on Thackeray’s thought.. He showed great concern and sympathy for women in his life or his works because of his miserable life. That is the reason why we call him a feminist in some degree. In Vanity Fair, he showed pity and respect to these two women.3. A Feminist Analysis of Amelia and RebeccaIn this novel, these two female characters Amelia and Rebecca have the different characters and the author also has the different description on them since they are both the heroines of this novel. in common, they have the feminist features and virtues.3.1 Amelia as a heroineAmelia is the heroine of this novel. She has many traditional virtues. Her pure and warm-hearted nature, unswerving and faithful belief, and her courageous and decisive spirit make a good impression on readers.3.1.1 A warm-hearted and pure AmeliaAmelia is a mild, kind-hearted lady. Besides, she is an innocent girl without any evil tricks in the traditional society.She lives a rich and happy life where she has the chance to receive a good education and grow up healthily and happily. Since childhood, s he is treated with all courtesy and mother’s intensive care which shapes her with t he characters of gentility and kindness. From “… cry over a dead canary-bird; or over a mouse”[6], it can be easily seen that Amelia is good-natured with a great mercy since that she will cry for a dead creature such as a mouse. Amelia’s parents Mr. Sedly and Mrs. Sedly are very kind people, especially Mr. Sedly. He is kind to Miss Sharp though she is only a poor and ordinary governess from the lower class in the hierarchical society. And Joseph, Amelia’s brother is dull and silly, but he is a friendly man to others. After all, in this family, there is no acrid or evil person. Thus the harmonious family environment makes a significant contribution to Amelia’s personality and her nature.We can find a lot of evidence which prove Amelia is certainly a warm-hearted girl. For example, in the first scene of this novel, everyone from the head-teacher to the students sees Amelia off and presents many gifts to Amelia in the iron gate of Miss Pinkerton's academy for young ladies on Chiswick Mall. Because in the daily life, Amelia is kind to everyone, therefore everyone likes this angel-like girl. Compared with Beckey, Amelia has better relationships with others. And when Rebecca lives in her family, Amelia makes every effort to help Rebecca and regards her as her best girlfriend though she knows that Rebecca is lowborn. Later she also tries to bring Rebecca and her brother Joseph together. Later, when she knows that Rebecca has done many bad things that are harmful to her, she still chooses to forgive her. For all these reason, Amelia is a good and warm- hearted woman.In addition to that, Amelia is no doubt a pure and innocent person. She is just like a lily blooming in an ugly and vulgar society. The evil tricks never appear in her mind. She considers everybody to be kind-hearted. For example, Amelia couldn’t understand Miss Pinkerton, the head-teacher of her school treats her very well just because her family is rich and Miss Pinkerton could benefit from her. In Amelia’mind, Rebecca is her good girlfriend. However, Rebecca takes advantage of Amelia’s innocence to achieve her own aim. Although Rebecca has a lot of tricks, she would n’t like to hurt Amelia because she realizes Amelia is a good girl. Good mind, good find.Also Amelia longs for love. George Osborne who comes from a wealthy family is her emotional dependence. She pins her happiness on the love she pursuits. “George was her Europe, her emperor, her allied monarchs and august prince regent … He was her sun and moon … when he came to Russel Square, her face lig hted up as if she had been sunshine … As soon as the door was shut, she went fluttering to lieutenant George Osborne’s heart as if it was the only natural home for her to nestle in.” [6] Her love for George is so pure and deep.As the heroine of this novel, Amelia is endowed with a pure and warm heart. She is the most beautiful angel in this novel.3.1.2 An unswerving and faithful girlAmelia is an unswerving and faithful girl, which we could know through her attitude to Rebeccaand Amelia.She sees Rebecca as her lifelong friend from the moment she brings her home. Mrs. Sedly does not like Rebecca because she sees through Rebecca and she figures out that Rebecca is taking advantage of her daughter. Mrs. Sedly shows that she doesn’t want Rebecca staying in their home. It is sure that Amelia understands what her mother worries about. However she does best to put in a good word for Rebecca and tries to bring Rebecca and Joseph together. One time, when Osborne speaks ill of Rebecca and says Rebecca just wants to go into upper society, Amelia defends her girlfriend no matter how deep she loves Osborne. She insists Rebecca is a good person whatever the others say. She trusts and appreciates Rebecca. It seems that she only believes her own eyes.Amelia loves George Osborne purely and faithfully as always. From the moment she falls in love with him, she never changes her love no matter what happens. However, even George’s father makes her family bankrupt, she still love him. Her love for Mr. Osborne has become an emotional dependence even he died in the war, just as “hanging on … happy and loving … by day and by night, and reigned over it always.”[7] When she is persuaded into another marriage, she refuses even if she understands Dobbin is so nice, sincere and helpful. She persists in widowhood for fifteen years .At last she gets married with Dobbin only after knowing that her husband who she contributes her deep and profound love and uncompromising honesty once decided to elope with Rebecca.3.1.3 An courageous and decisive AmeliaIn this novel, Amelia is always seen as a weak and tame girl by many critics, but actually she is not.She loves George deeply for over half of her life. But George want to elope with her best friend—Rebecca before his going into the war. She does not know this. After George’s death, she doesn’t choose to remarry a new husband even though Dobbin is passionately devoted to her, she refuses him. Then Amelia persists in widowhood for fifteen years. Fifteen years can never be a short time for a lonely woman with a child. It is really hard to imagine how she can go through the tough time. From this point, we have to admit that Amelia is a brave and courageous girl.After Rebecca telling Amelia that George ever wanted to elope with her, Amelia suddenly understand everything. That is too cruel for her who has sacrificed everything to love this man. But to our surprise, Amelia snaps out of it quickly and bravely. She realizes that George doesn’t deserve her love at all and Dubbin who loves and takes care of her all the time should be the real one deserved her love. Later, she gets married with Dubbin and lives a happy life since then. Therefore Amelia is not a weak girl.After the analysis of Amelia, we can find that she is a pure, kind, faithful and courageous woman. The author, Thackeray gives her a perfect ending and let this beautiful angel find her true love and get out of the depression. Inferring from the author’s arrangement, we can easily know that Thackeray’s attitude towards Amelia is positive. He admired Amelia’s courage. In his eyes Amelia is an angel and fighter who has so many virtues, fight for herself, pursue what she want and courageously jumps out of the trap of the traditional concept of love and marriage in an male-oriented society at last.3.2 Rebecca as a heroineBecky is another the heroine of this novel who has the virtues and the feminism features such as her independence and her fighting for her own fate, her rebellious as well as her smart female images.3.2.1 An iron-willed and independent RebeccaRebecca Sharp was born in a poor family. Her father was a beaten-up picture teacher, and her mother is a follower of song and dance drama. She lives a very hard life since her childhood, so she dreams of getting rid of predicament and going into the upper class. She suffers poverty, discrimination, inequity, and loneliness.Rebecca is an iron-willed and independent woman. She wants to break away from the control of patriarchy and change her situation via her own strength. She has a mind to pursue economic independence so that she can achieve social status and realize her value. No matter what disasters happen to her, she always cheers up quickly and appears nothing has happened.In order to survive in such a cruel society, Rebecca becomes socially active. She takes every opportunity to enter upper society. She uses her intelligence and smartness and tough characters to serve the hour. Several years later, she successfully enters into the upper class by herself. Meanwhile, hard life forges her to be an intelligent, capable, spell able woman who has her own judgment and independence. She is excellent in French, English, music and playing piano. After getting married with Rawdon Crawley, they do not live a rich life. In order to enjoy a luxurious life, they have to raise a loan. Later, Rawdon goes to the battlefield and Rebecca follows him so that their debt ends up with nothing definite. Thus, they have lived in European mainland for several years and run into much debt and then escape from the debt. They plan to return London. She knows that her husband is incapable to deal with the creditors so that she goes to negotiate with creditors by herself. In the process of dealing with debt, her intelligence and sociability are appreciated by the public.From these it can be seen that Becky’ iron-willed and independent spirit reflect feminism features.3.2.2 A rebellious and smart RebeccaRebecca is rebellious and smart. Rebecca who was born in a poor family has more chancesthan others to get in touch with various kinds of people and the horrible society. She has never missed all the ugly and evil things in the society, “the pompous vanity of the old schoolmistress, the foolish good humor of her sister, the silly chat and scandal of the elder girls, and the frigid correctness of her governesses equally annoyed her.”[6] Because of her experience, she is strongly opposed to the unjust hierarchical regulation and she shows her dissatisfaction with society. She does not want to depend on men to achieve what she wants and she only wants to pursue economic independence so that she can enter the upper class and get equal social status with men.Rebecca changes the traditional marriage and family roles that husband is a ruler while wife is only in the subordinate position. Rebecca becomes the economic leader and the decision-maker. She fights against Miss Pinkerton who is the supporter of patriarchy and refuses the unreasonable requirement. Rebecca is not reconciled to play a role as a family teacher and involves in Peters’ economic affairs and even more intelligent and capable than baron. In addition, she challenges patriarchy and is unwilling to be a traditional woman. She has strong female consciousness and she is an independent woman.Becky Sharp is a crafty, smart and tricky woman. Her life goal is to gain money and get into the upper society. To achieve this goal, she does everything: flatter, betray and spoil other people. She does not love anyone except herself, even her own destiny man who always shares everything with her all the time. “Revenge may be wicked, but it’s natural”[6] shows her “revengeful thoughts” which suggests that she will manage her goal at any costs with any means. It is certain that Rebecca is a smart girl. When in Amelia’s home, she knows everyone’s characters and habits quickly, and knows how to caterto others. In a short time, she almost gets everyone be fond of her. And Rebecca’s life goal is wealth and high society status. She never gives up her dream. She tries everything to conquer the man dominated world no matter how hard it is. As a rebellious woman, she never surrenders to anyone. As smart and energetic woman, she knows how to make others like her or love her so that she could obtain her goal and dream. Thackeray portrays such a image as a female fighter in a male-oriented world. In this novel, Thackeray makes her achieve her dream at last, which is the best reward to her great spirit.3.2.3 An ambitious and adventurous RebeccaRebecca is an ambitious and adventurous woman, which is caused by her miserable social and family reasons. In her early life, Rebecca is a poor girl. When she was young, her mother died. her father was a poor painter who was an alcoholic and died when she was only seventeen. Rebecca worked while studying with no dependence and receiving great discrimination and cold-shoulder. Personnel changes and the desolate life made her profoundly noticed the importance of wealth and status in that false, snobbish and cold society. She vowed to herself to be rich when she was only a little girl. Later, she did not miss any chance of entering into the upper society, just as “Rebecca’s wit, cleverness, and flippancy made her speedily the vogue in London among a certain class” [6]. But in the society of British that time, there is no better access to the upper class than the means of marriage. She tries all tricks and means, and plays the coquette and gets married with Rawdon Crawley at the end. However, Rawdon who is from the nobility is incompetent and idles away his time. Hierarchy and the entrance of upper class are strict and impassable, so Rawdon Crawley loses the right of inheriting the property due to his unwise marriage with Rebecca who is only an orphan coming from a poor family of the lower social class. Rebecca’s early life is all about this to improve her social economic condition.In order to win the man who dominates the society, she flirts with them. In such a man dominated society, if Rebecca wants to establish her high class status, she has to do something adventurous. Living is the most important thing for a woman, so she has to survive by hook or by crook. Just as Rebecca says, “I think I could be a good woman if I had five thousand a year. I could dawdle about in the nursery, and count the apricots on the wall. I could water plants in a greenhouse, and pick off dead leaves from the geraniums.” [6] In a man dominated society, women have no economic independence and they have to depend on their men only. If this way is infeasible, they have to depend on themselves. In many people’s eyes, Rebecca is an independent woman. She is an intelligent woman who insists on pursuing independence and insists on her own judgment. In order to make advancement in the world, she dares to challenge the world. In a sense, she is a new woman. She is praised by the author. Her evil tricks reflect all her feminist thoughts and behaviors. From these it can be seen her ambitious and adventurous features.Rebecca Sharp is a new and modern female. Her ambition, willpower, wisdom, spirit of independence and fighting surpasses all the men in that male-oriented world, which makes those gentlemen feel ashamed. We can find the feminism features from her. The author actually admires Rebecca’s spirit and makes her dream come true at last. Therefore Rebecca is a heroine in this novel.4. ConclusionVanity Fair is the famous work of British writer Thackeray in the 19th century and also one of his works in his life standing the test of time with noticeable realism. In the work, the author shapes two different and typical female adventure images that pursue their happiness in their own way.In this paper, it mainly discusses the two female images Rebecca and Amelia from the perspective。
从小说《名利场》解读女性社会价值观
从小说《名利场》解读女性社会价值观
任秀丽
【期刊名称】《语文建设》
【年(卷),期】2013(0)04X
【摘要】《名利场》是萨克雷文学创作中最具艺术色彩的一部作品。
作者以当时独特的社会背景作为小说的创作背景,通过一种尖锐的视角,真实再现了社会百态。
浅谈现代媒介对中国语言文字及青少年思想道德的影响他大胆的写作手法,不仅开拓了反讽主义的先潮,而且为英国小说发展开辟了新的篇章。
【总页数】2页(P41-42)
【关键词】名利场;女性;价值观
【作者】任秀丽
【作者单位】辽宁科技大学外语学院
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】I561.074
【相关文献】
1.现代社会女性的困惑与追寻——对徐坤小说《厨房》的女性主义文学解读 [J], 李谫博
2.男权社会中女性的自我成长与救赎之路--短篇小说《空间》解读 [J], 王娟
3.父权制社会的牺牲品——从女性主义视角解读劳伦斯小说中的女性形象 [J], 王圣芬
4.对萨克雷小说《名利场》中女性意识的解读 [J], 段晓霞;
5.萨克雷小说《名利场》的生态女性主义解读 [J], 杨桂琴
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
文学评论一、引言威廉姆.萨克雷是英国十九世纪几乎可以与狄更斯齐名的批判现实主义大师。
他的代表作《名利场》在当时是家喻户晓，它的故事背景取自于19世纪初的英国上流社会。
小说的情节主要是围绕爱米丽亚.塞德利与利蓓加.夏普的生活命运来展开的：爱米莉生于商人家庭，外表柔弱，心地善良，最终获得幸福；而利蓓加出身贫寒，外表妖媚，心机重重，结果夫离子散。
这部小说的副标题为“一部没有英雄的小说”。
它强调作者的目的不是为了描述像以往小说或其他文学作品中经常出现的英雄式人物，而是把当时的整个资本主义社会当作批评与讽刺的对象。
它向世人揭露了那个社会的虚伪贪婪，金钱至上与道德堕落的丑陋社会现象。
笔者拟从文学伦理学角度来分析《名利场》透露给读者的婚姻爱情伦理观。
“文学伦理学批评是一种文学批评方法，主要用于从伦理的立场解读、分析和阐释文学作品、研究作家以及与文学有关的问题。
文学伦理学批评与传统的道德批评不同，它不是从今天的道德立场简单地对历史的文学进行好与坏的道德价值判断，而是强调回到历史的伦理现场，站在当时的伦理立场上解读和阐释文学作品，寻找文学产生的客观伦理原因并解释其何以成立，分析作品中导致社会事件和影响人物命运的伦理因素，用伦理的观点对事件、人物和文学问题等给以解释，并从历史的角度做出道德评价。
”[1]“在具体的文学作品中，伦理的核心内容是人与人，人与社会，以及人与自然之间形成的被接受和认可的伦理秩序，以及在这种秩序的基础上形成的道德观念和维护这种秩序的各种规范。
文学的任务就是描写这种伦理秩序的变化及其变化所引发的道德问题和导致的结果，为人类的文明提供经验和教诲。
”[1]二、男权中心式婚姻克劳雷爵士的婚姻。
克劳雷爵士的第二任妻子罗斯小姐是来自一个铁器商人家庭。
在他得到罗斯小姐之后，他是这样想的：“除了取悦自己一个男人还有什么可需要的呢？”[2]（118）“因此他每晚总是喝得酩酊大醉；有时还打他美丽的妻子；并且当他去伦敦参加议会时把她一个人扔在汉普郡，空荡荡的没有一个朋友。
”[2]（118）由于造物主赐给她的只有粉红的面颊和白白的肌肤，但把愚蠢女人的几乎所有特征都给了她：无个性，无才艺，无自己观点，无职业与爱好，也没思维的活力与凶凶的脾气。
生完小孩之后，她仅存的一点点的外表优势也消失殆尽了。
“她只是她老公家中的一台机器而已，作用和克劳雷前妻用过的大钢琴一模一样。
”[2]（118）她唯一感兴趣的是她的小花园。
“当她老公对她动粗时她总是无动于衷：不管什么时间他打她，她只是嚎啕大哭。
她甚至没有性格去喝点或是痛苦呻吟来发泄心中委屈。
”[2]（119）这是一个典型的男权主义家庭，罗斯小姐虽然名为克劳雷爵士的妻子，但是她在家中的地位却只是如同一台钢琴。
当她完成了生育任务之后，她在家中的功用已经完全不存在了。
当她重病在床时，周围冷冷清清，只有几个仆人在身边。
最后她悄悄地离开了人世。
“女性应该是温顺贤良，无懈可击的，女人的任务就是取悦丈夫，优雅地去忍受男人的热情和暴躁，了解和接受他的品味。
”[3]（60）罗斯小姐的家庭地位是对这句话的一个很好的注解。
爱米莉与奥斯邦。
当欧洲战事稍微停歇后奥斯邦回来见到爱米莉时，她显得非常开心，全身心地投入他的怀抱。
“他就是她的欧洲；她的皇帝；她的同盟君主与敬畏的摄政王子。
他是她的太阳与月亮……”[2]（151）从以上的内容我们可以看到，爱米莉作为奥斯邦的恋人在见到他从战场平安归来时的欣喜心情，但同时我们也能发现爱米莉对她恋人是多么的依赖。
“睡醒时第一刻想到的是他；他的名字是她祈祷时最后一个念念不忘的名字。
她从来没见过一个男子如此漂亮或聪明；无论是在马背上还是在舞池中，综合来看就是一个英雄豪杰。
”[2]（153）“如果品克顿小姐是她的密友，她也会阻止她这样盲目的投入。
但是据此情况来看，应该不会有好的效果。
”[2]（153）品克顿小姐是爱米莉幼年的教师。
她手下的学生全部是年幼的女生，学校授课的主要内容是培养女孩的礼仪与才能。
由于奥斯邦的父亲坚决反对他与爱米莉的交往，因而多宾少校成了他们这对恋人之间的信使。
在他的安排下，当爱米莉见到奥斯邦时，她伤心地流下了最温柔，丰富与新鲜的泪水。
她谦卑地吻着他的手，仿佛他就是她心中至上的上帝，她是一个带罪而微不足道的凡人，需要他的喜爱与恩赐。
而在奥斯邦的眼里，他看到了在他眼前就是一个奴隶，她思想简单，忠诚而顺从， 他内心也偷偷惊叹自己的力量。
在多宾的帮助下，奥斯邦与爱米莉在一个小教堂里举行了简单的婚礼。
出席婚礼的只有爱米莉的家人与几个仆人。
在爱米莉与奥斯邦的家庭里，奥斯邦是绝对的中心，爱米莉简直就像是一个失去了灵魂的女人。
当奥斯邦战死之后，爱米莉完全以她儿子为生活中心，同时也沉湎于对奥斯邦的崇拜式回忆之中。
三、功利式婚姻《名利场》的一个主要内容就是讲述女主人公利蓓加如何想方设法通过美色及婚姻来改变她命运的故事。
她出生于一个贫穷的画家家庭。
父亲早年四处举债，为了改变他贫穷的面貌，他与法国的一个戏子结婚。
她的父母亲相继早逝。
父亲还在时她被送往品克顿小姐的女子学校读书。
毕业后利蓓加无处可去，因而与爱米莉一同前往她家。
在爱米莉家，利蓓加发现她同学家境富裕，生活讲究，同时还得知她哥约瑟夫在东印度公司工作，并且还未结婚时，利蓓加就决定主动地勾引约瑟夫。
但是那个体形肥大的约瑟夫并不领情。
我们来看看作者对她这想法的评论：“如果文学伦理学批评视角下《名利场》中的婚姻爱情伦理观朱经苹（南昌航空大学外国语学院 江西・南昌 330063）摘 要：《名利场》是英国19世纪批判现实主义大师威廉姆.萨克雷的代表作品。
小说主要讲述的是爱米丽亚.塞德利与利蓓加.夏普的生活与爱情故事。
本文作者拟从文学伦理学视角来分析作品中存在的三种伦理观：男权中心式婚姻；功利式婚姻；乱伦式爱情。
关键词：《名利场》 伦理观 婚姻爱情2011年11月刊112011年11月刊12利蓓加小姐在内心已经决定要征服这个美男子时，女士们，我不认为我们有任何权利去责备她；因为尽管寻夫的任务通常是出于礼仪由她们的母亲来引导的，但我们要记住，利蓓加小姐已经没有好心的母亲来替她安排此事，并且如果她自己没有找到老公，这世界上也不会有其他人来替她排忧解难。
”[2]（57）但是由于她出身贫贱，她的想法未能实现，最终不得不离开爱米莉家。
“当然，在爱米莉母亲看来，如果她儿子与一个画家的女儿结婚，那他的身份将会被贬低。
”[2]（89）利蓓加小姐在离开爱米莉家后来到克劳雷爵士家做家庭教师。
但是她在那的处境刚开始时是非常艰难的。
在离开爱米莉家的第一个晚上她是一眼都没合过。
她睡在一张破旧而阴暗的床上，旁边还睡着一个可怕而且阴郁的老女佣。
后来由于利蓓加小姐非常努力，而且聪明伶俐，能歌善舞，因而她慢慢成了克劳雷家中比较受欢迎的人。
克劳雷爵士的妹妹由于一直未婚，并且继承了一笔财产，因而当她来到她哥家时成了座上宾。
当她生病时，克劳雷爵士的父子显得非常殷勤，经常守候在她的前房。
这其中有个原因就是因为克劳雷小姐对她的小侄子罗登.克劳雷比较偏爱，因而打算把她的财产继承一部分给他。
克劳雷爵士还决定让利蓓加小姐去服侍他妹妹，为的是让她更满意。
利蓓加小姐是一个非常用心的人。
她给克劳雷小姐讲许多的故事，并且经常逗她笑，最后她都要把她当女儿看待。
实际上克劳雷爵士还经常和她讨论家中的一些事情。
在克劳雷夫人死后，他就向夏普小姐下跪求婚，但她说她已经结婚了。
一阵愤怒与惊讶过后，老爵士大喊到：“你在开玩笑吧，贝基。
谁和你结婚了却没给你一分钱？”[2]（186）实际上她当时已经有点后悔自己没能把握住这个成为贵妇人的机会。
“‘结婚了，结婚了！’她流着痛苦的眼泪答到——声音由于激动都有点哽咽了，手帕都准备要去擦眼睛的泪水，靠在壁炉边上她显得点头晕——悲哀融化了她这颗最顽固的心。
”[2]（187）私底下她已经秘密地和克劳雷爵士的儿子罗登.克劳雷结婚了。
当克劳雷小姐听说她侄子与这个画家的女儿结婚了之后，心情非常坏。
她对她仆人大喊大叫，最终自己晕倒了。
她认为利蓓加小姐和他侄子结婚就是一场阴谋：她就是看中了罗登将继承她的财产。
后来她把遗嘱更改了，死后也只象征性地给了这对夫妇一点钱，这还是得益于这对夫妇在她死前对她的悉心照顾。
罗登的父亲听到这消息后也是气愤万分。
“他像个疯子样的冲进克劳雷小姐住过的屋子——用脚把她的箱子踢开，把她的文件，衣物和杂物到处乱扔。
”[2]（202）罗登与利蓓加小姐的婚姻纯粹是建立在一种金钱的基础上的。
利蓓加看重的是罗登将要继承他姑姑的财产。
同时罗登的亲戚与家人反对他们的结合也是从金钱与地位的差异上来看的。
因而我们可以说这纯粹是一场赤裸裸的金钱的交易，根本谈不上什么感情。
随着剧情的进展，最终这段金钱交易式的爱情以罗登孤独地死去和利蓓加母子互不来往而结束。
四、乱伦式爱情奥斯邦与利蓓加。
爱米莉小姐对奥斯邦的爱应该说是到了一种英雄崇拜式的境界。
“他是男人中最伟大和最棒的那一个。
”[2]（238）然而在奥斯邦的心里却认为他与爱米莉的结婚使他做出了巨大的牺牲，他成了最慷慨的人之一。
因为他的婚姻他的父亲与他断决关系，并且把遗嘱也更改了。
奥斯邦战死沙场后，爱米莉与她小孩相依为命，住到她父母家了。
在那时，她父亲也破产了，因而可以说是生活异常拮据。
但是奥斯邦的父亲仍然瞧不起他儿媳，只是答应抚养他外孙。
但是我们来看看在爱米莉眼中的最好的男人奥斯邦是怎么对待他们的爱情的。
“奥斯邦先生在他的思维中有一个坚定的信念：他是一个情场高手并且注定是要去征服而不是违背命运的，但是他自己却自负地屈服于它。
对于外面传的有关他的闲话，爱米莉并没有出于妒忌而去说太多或是挖苦他，而只是偷偷闷闷不乐。
他却选择情愿认为爱米莉对他与罗登夫人的调情并不知情，但这事他的熟人都已经知道了。
”[2]（340）只要罗登夫人有空他就和她一起出去骑马。
然后假装说部队里有事情，把爱米莉独自留在家里。
在故事即将结尾时利蓓加告诉爱米莉：“那男人讨厌你，并且本来要抛弃你，但是多宾少校强迫他要遵守自己的诺言。
他的话是因为我而起的。
他从来不关心你。
他过去总是在我面前嘲笑你，一次接一次；并且在和你结婚后一周就向我求婚。
”[2]（789）并且她还拿出了奥斯邦写给她的字条。
上面写的是要她与他私奔。
至此爱米莉心中神话般的偶像倒塌了。
最终她接受了多宾的求婚。
奥斯邦完全就是一个腐化堕落，虚情假意，消费奢侈的浪荡公子。
他与爱米莉的婚姻也只是因为好友多宾少校的督促而维系存在。
利蓓加与斯泰恩爵士。
利蓓加小姐在婚后除了与奥斯邦有过暧昧关系外，还勾搭过斯泰恩爵士。
她是有名的交际花，经常出入一些比较高档的聚会，骚首弄姿，寻找目标。
斯泰恩爵士当时受到皇室的器重，而且也比较富裕。
因而他们俩经常待在一起。
而利蓓加小姐的老公罗登却经常是孤独的，他不得不去找自己以前的单身朋友来打发时间，并且时常生活非常困难。