Introduction to Julius Caesar
介绍名人 凯撒大帝 Julius Caesar 英语作文
Julius Caesar>Julius Caesar Essay:Julius Caesar was Roman General and statesman who is widely known for his notable role in the events which led to the fall of the Roman Empire. He was a celebrated politician and can also be termed as a successful one. His most outstanding achievement was the invasion of Britain. However, Caesar’s acts were almost always against the decisions of the Senate, and despite his crucial successes, he was soon requested to step down.Caesar, driven with political and military authority, disregarded the Senate every time. The elites soon were discontented towards his social reforms. Caesar was finally assassinated by a group of senators. The most crucial literary representation of Caesar was in the play called “Julius Caesar” b y William Shakespeare.Long and Short Essays on Julius Caesar for Students and Kids in EnglishWe are providing students with essay samples on an extended essay of 500 words and a short piece of 150 words on the topic Julius Caesar.Long Essay on Julius Caesar 500 Words in EnglishLong Essay on Julius Caesar is usually given to classes 7, 8, 9, and 10.Historical Background:Julius Caesar was a notable Roman statesman who eventually became one of the most crucial politicians of the Roman Empire before i t’s decline. He, along with Crassus and Pompey, formed a political alliance called The First Triumvirate which dominated the empire for years.However, Caesar’s glorious wins in battles and his invasion of Britain soon became a threat to Pompey. Caesar was asked by the Senate to step down, but he didn’t comply with the decision. This led to high opposition from the Senate and eventually resulted in a conspiracy against Caesar and his assassination.William Shakespeare’s Julius CaesarThe notable play, “The tragedy of Julius Caesar” written by William Shakespeare is a canon of English literature. The play was performed for the first time in the year 1599.The play is centred around the Roman statesman Julius Caesar and his eventual assassination. Though the play is named Julius Caesar, it mostly centres around Brutus. It depicts the moral dilemma of Brutus, one of the closest friends of Caesar and a Roman Senator who gets involved in the conspiracy to murder Caesar.The play begins with the return of Caesar from a victorious conquest by defeating Pompey and the beginning of a conspiracy against him among the senators. The Roman senators led by Cassius are seen to forge several documentsand convince Brutus that Julius needs to assassinated to save Rome and its people.Later, the senators approach Caesar with a fake petition regarding an issue involving Metellus Cimber’s banished brother. As Caesar rejects the plea, he is stabbed by the others, the last stab being of Brutus.The death of Caesar gives rise to a series of civil wars in the Roman Empire. Brutus tries to pacify the crowd with his oration, but Mark Antony soon turns the public against the assassins. Brutus and Cassius unite to battle against Mark Antony and Octavian Caesar.However, they both meet with the unfortunate and untimely death. The play ends with Antony paying his tribute to Brutus as he was the only noble soul in Rome who stabbed Caesar only because he was made to believe that it was for the greater good of the empire.Protagonist Debate:Critics of Shakespeare’s play, Julius Caesar have often found themselves in never-ending dilemma regarding who is the protagonist of the story. Some believe that neither Caesar nor Brutus are the protagonists of the play since Caesar dies right at the beginning in Act Three,Scene One. Others believe Caesar to be the axial character of the play, around whom the entire story runs. There also critics who like to think that it is indeed Brutus who is the protagonist as the whole play centres around his moral dilemma and ends with his noble death.The larger message of Julius Caesar-The characters of Caesar and Brutus are quite identical in the play. Both of them are driven by passion and intuition. They have high philosophical knowledge that makes them respectable. However, Caesar is a man drivenby virtue, while Brutus is driven mostly by impulsive passion.Short Essay on Julius Caesar 150 Words in EnglishShort Essay on Julius Caesar is usually given to classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.Julius Caesar was a notable Roman statesman and politician who had risen in power during 60 BC. He became a crucial political as well as military leader and achieved a great deal for the Roman Empire.He was responsible for the glorious invasion of Britain and also the defeat of the authoritarian Pompey. However, Caesar soon met striking oppositions from the Roman Senate. When he didn’t agree to comply with the Senate’s decision of removing him from an authority, he was assassinated by his senate members led by Cassius and also his closest ally Brutus.William Shakespeare’s play, Julius Caesar centres around this moral dilemma of Brutus whether he should join hands with the Senate to murder his friend. The play continues with the rising civil wars after Caesar’s death, Ca ssiusand Brutus’s battle against Antonio and their eventual death. The play gives us a larger message of how passion and arrogance can often lead a man to the wrong path.10 Lines on Julius Caesar Essay in English1. The play was first performed in 1599.2. It was first published as a work in 1623. 3. The most famous line of the play is the Latin phrase. “Et tu Brute?”4. Brutus was assassinated in 44 BC.5. Shakespeare altered several historical facts in the play.6. For dramatic effect, he made Capitol the venue of Caesar’s death rather than Curia of Pompey.7. There is a debate on whothe actual protagonist of the play is. 8. In the end, Cassius asks his servant to kill him. 9. Brutus commits suicide. 10. Julius Caesar’s death was a notable event that led to the fall of the Roman empire.FAQ’s on Julius Caesar EssayQuestion 1.Was Brutus an evil character?Answer:No, Brutus was a man of virtue who was driven by his passion for the wrong path.Who succeeded Caesar?Answer:Julius was succeeded by his adoptive son Augustus Caesar.Question 3.What does “Et tu Brute” mean?Answer:This Latin phrase means, “You too Brutus?”Who was Pompey?Answer:Pompey was a Roman politician who was first an ally of Caesar and his enemy.。
写历史名人的英语作文题目大全
写历史名人的英语作文题目大全英文回答：1. What were some of the key historical events that shaped Abraham Lincoln's life and presidency?Lincoln's early life on the frontier.His experience as a lawyer and politician.The Civil War.The assassination of Lincoln.2. How did Winston Churchill's leadership impact the course of World War II?His role in rallying the British people.His strategic decision-making.His relationship with Franklin D. Roosevelt.His post-war legacy.3. What were the key achievements and challenges of Elizabeth I's reign?Her role in establishing England as a global power.The Protestant Reformation.The Spanish Armada.Her personal life and relationships.4. How did the ideas and actions of Martin Luther King, Jr. contribute to the Civil Rights Movement?His nonviolent philosophy.His leadership of protests and marches.His speeches and writings.His assassination and legacy.5. What were the motivations and consequences of Julius Caesar's rise to power in ancient Rome?His military prowess.His political alliances.The assassination of Pompey.The establishment of the Roman Empire.6. How did the reign of Charlemagne shape the development of medieval Europe?His military campaigns.His role in spreading Christianity.His establishment of the Carolingian Empire.His later legacy and influence.7. What were the key elements of Napoleon Bonaparte's military strategy and leadership style?His innovative tactics.His use of artillery.His charismatic leadership.His downfall and exile.8. How did the industrial revolution transform the lives of people in the 18th and 19th centuries?The invention of new technologies.The growth of factories and urbanization.The rise of capitalism and the working class.The social and economic consequences.9. What were the causes and consequences of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union?The ideological conflict between capitalism and communism.The nuclear arms race.The Cuban Missile Crisis.The collapse of the Soviet Union.10. How did the rise of mass media and technology in the 20th century impact society?The spread of information and entertainment.The manipulation of public opinion.The rise of consumer culture.The challenges to privacy and free speech.中文回答：1. 塑造亚伯拉罕·林肯一生和总统任期的关键历史事件有哪些？林肯在边疆的早年生活。
介绍哲学家英语作文高中
介绍哲学家英语作文高中Introduction to Philosophers。
Philosophy is a branch of knowledge that deals with the study of fundamental questions related to existence, knowledge, values, reason, and ethics. Philosophers are individuals who engage in the study of philosophy and seek to understand the nature of reality and the human experience. In this essay, we will discuss some of the most famous philosophers in history and their contributions to the field of philosophy.Socrates。
Socrates was a Greek philosopher who lived in Athens during the 5th century BCE. He is regarded as one of the founders of Western philosophy and is best known for his method of questioning, which is known as the Socratic method. Socrates believed that the pursuit of knowledge and wisdom was the key to living a good life. He was also knownfor his belief in the importance of ethical behavior and the pursuit of virtue.Plato。
大学英语综合教程4课后词汇习题及答案
Unit 11. The Labor Party’s electoral strategy, which was based on a tactical alliance with other minor parties, has proved successful.劳动党的选择策略已经证明是成功地，这个策略主张和其他的小党派组成一个策略联盟。
2. The government troops recaptured the city from the rebels at the cost of two thousand casualties政府部队以二万人的伤亡为代价，从版乱者手中重新占领了这所城市。
3. By a stroke of good luck, Genelle, who had been buried in the rubble for more than 26 hours, came our alive. 。
非常侥幸地是，Genelle在瓦砾里埋了26个小时，竟然活着。
4. My brother wasn’t badly hurt, but he injured his leg and had to limp around for a few weeks.我的兄弟伤得不重，但他伤了腿，不得不跛行好几周。
5. The aircraft was subjected to a test of temperatures of minus65 degrees and plus 120 degrees.飞行物要能承受零下65度和120多度温度的考验。
6. Tax incentives combined with cheap labor will attract companies to the western regions of our country away from the east coast.有廉价劳动力的税收刺激将吸引更多的公司到我国远离东海岸的西部地区。
英国文学史概括
英国文学史概括英国文学史概括第一个时期： Old English， Middle English and Chaucer，古英国，中世纪和乔叟，这个时期的文学作品主要以诗歌为主，需要关注的是乔叟和他的《坎特伯雷故事集》。
第二个时期：文艺复兴时期，这个时期的文学作品以戏剧为主，需要关注的是莎士比亚和他的悲剧，喜剧以及历史剧。
第三个时期：浪漫主义时期，这个时期的文学作品以散文诗为主，雪莱，济慈和威廉布雷克等人都是这个时期的代表诗人。
他们的作品包括夜莺颂等。
第四个时期：维多利亚时期，这个时期是散文诗渐渐退出，小说逐渐兴起的时期，该时期的诗人著名的有罗伯特布朗宁，阿尔弗莱德等。
但更为著名的是狄更斯和勃朗特姐妹的小说，代表作有《雾都孤儿》和《呼啸山庄》等第五个时期：现代主义时期，这个时期的文学作品主要是小说，各个流派粉墨登场，有现实主义的，有荒诞派的，还有意识流。
爱尔兰的文学家叶芝，乔伊斯都是这个时代的代表人物。
乔伊斯的《尤利西斯》是意识流的代表之作。
同属意识流的还有女作家弗吉尼亚伍尔芙，代表作《到灯塔去》。
第六个时期：当代：主要指20世纪80年代之后到现在的这个时期，该时期的文学作品很难入到评论家的法眼，主要特征是内容多为快餐文化，不能称为经典。
但这个时期的电影艺术发展非常迅速，有很多电影剧本都堪称佳作，不难看出，文学史的车轮经过诗歌——戏剧——小说的变迁后，下一站很有可能是电影。
以上纯属原创，转载请标明出处，谢谢英国文学史目录！PrefaceThe Anglo-Saxon Period 449-1066IntroductionThe Venerable Bede and Caedmon King Alfred the GreatBeowulfThe Exeter BookThe Medieval Period 1066 -1485 IntroductionMedieval RomanceFolk BalladsJohn Wycliffe and William Langland Drama in the Middle AgesGeoffrey ChaucerThe Elizabethan Age 1485-1625 IntroductionThomas MoreSir Philip SidneyEdmund SpenserChrisher Marlowe and Sir Walter Raleigh Minor PlaywrightsWilliam ShakespeareFrancis BaconKing James BibleThe Seventeenth Century 1625-1700 IntrodutionBen Jonson and the Cavalier Poets John Donne and the Metaphysical Poets John MiltonJohn BunyanJohn DrydenThe Age of Neo-Classici *** 1700-1764 IntroductionAlexander PopeJonathan SwiftRichard Steele and Joseph AddisonSamuel Johnson and James BoswellThe Novel of the Eighteenth CenturyDaniel DefoeSamuel RichardsonHenry FieldingTobias SmollettLaurence SterneOliver Gold *** ithPre-Romantic Period 1764-1798IntroductionHorace WalpoleAnn RadcliffeThomas GrayRobert BurnsWilliam BlakeThe Romantic Age 1798-1837IntroductionWilliam WordsworthSamuel Taylor Coleridge……The Victorian Age 1837-1901The Modernist Age 1901-1945The Postmodern Period 1945-Present BibliographyIndex……关于英国文学史刘柄善的那本《英国文学史》上说，维多利亚时期是英国现实主义小说的巅峰时期，代表人物就是狄更斯，而当时英国之所以掀起现实主义风潮，则是因为此前的18世纪到19世纪初期，浪漫主义风靡英国，雪莱，济慈等人的诗歌风花雪月，让人一时忘却了现实，但随着浪漫褪去，人们又重归现实，于是狄更斯等人的现实主义作品，如《雾都孤儿》，《大卫科波菲尔》等书得以广为流传。
Julius Caesar - Brutus speech
Enter BRUTUS and CASSIUS with the Plebeians.PlebeiansWe will be satisfied; let us be satisfied. be satisfied get asatisfactoryexplanation BRUTUSThen follow me, and give meaudience, friends.audience a hearing Cassius, go you into theother street,And part the numbers.part the numbers divide the crowd3.2.5Those that will hear mespeak, let 'em stay here;Those that will followCassius, go with him;And public reasons shall berenderedOf Caesar's death.First PlebeianIwill hear Brutus speak.Second PlebeianI will hear Cassius; andcompare their reasons,3.2.10When severally we hear themrendered.severallyseparately[Exit CASSIUS with some of the Plebeians.BRUTUS] goes into thepulpit.Third PlebeianThe noble Brutus isascended: silence!BRUTUSBe patient till the last. Be . . . last i.e., hear me outRomans, countrymen, andlovers! hear me for my cause,lovers dear friends | hear . . . cause i.e., payand be silent, that you mayattention, because this is important >>>hear. Believe me for mine3.2.15honour, and have respect tomine honour, that youBelieve . . . hono ur i.e., do me the honor ofmay believe. Censure me inyour wisdom, and awake believing me | have . . . believei.e., upon myyour senses, that you maythe better judge. If therehonor, you may believe me | Censure judgebe any in this assembly,any dear friend of Caesar's, tosenses intellect, understandinghim I say, that Brutus'love to Caesar was no lessthan3.2.20his. If then that frienddemand why Brutus roseagainst Caesar, this is myanswer: Not that I lovedCaesar less, but that Iloved Rome more. Had yourather Caesar were livingand die all slaves, than thatCaesar were dead, to liveall free men? As Caesarloved3.2.25me, I weep for him; as hewas fortunate, I rejoiceat it; as he was valiant, Ihonour him; but, as he wasambitious, I slew him.There is tears for hislove; joyfor his fortune; honour forhis valour; and death forhisambition. Who is here sobase that would be a bond-3.2.30man? If any, speak; for himhave I offended. Who bondman slave |offended wronged is here so rude that wouldnot be a Roman? If any,rude barbarous speak, for him have Ioffended. Who is here sovilethat will not love hiscountry? If any, speak, forhimhave I offended. I pausefor a reply.All3.2.35 None, Brutus, none.BRUTUSThen none have I offended.I have done no more to I . . . Brutus i.e., what I have doneto CaesarCaesar than you shall do toBrutus. The question of you will be justified in doing tome (if I dohis death is enrolled inthe Capitol; his glory notthe wrongs Caesar has done)extenuated, wherein he wasworthy, nor his offencesquestion . . . enr olled thejustification for 3.2.40enforced, for which hesuffered death.his death is on recordextenuated minimizedEnter MARK ANTONY [andothers] with CAESAR'senforced overemphasizedbody.Here comes his body, mourned by Mark Antony, who,though he had no hand in his death, shall receivethe benefit of his dying, a place in the commonwealth; as which of you shall not? With this3.2.45I depart, that, as I slew mybest lover for the best lover dearestfriend good of Rome, I have thesame dagger for myself,when it shall please my country to need my death.AllLive, Brutus! live, live!First PlebeianBring him with triumph homeunto his house.Second PlebeianSecond Plebeian (There was a different 3.2.50Give him a statue with hisancestors."Second Plebeian" who left to hear Cassiusspeak.) Third Plebeian Let him be Caesar.Fourth PlebeianCaesar's better partsparts qualitiesShall be crown'd in Brutus.First PlebeianWe'll bring him to his houseWith shouts and clamours.BRUTUSMy countrymen —Second PlebeianPeace, silence! Brutusspeaks.First PlebeianPeace,ho!BRUTUS3.2.55Good countrymen, let medepart alone,And, for my sake, stay herewith Antony:Do grace to Caesar'scorpse, and grace hisspeechDo grace pay respectTending to Caesar'sglories; which Mark Antony,grace his speech i.e., listen courteously toBy our permission, is allow'd to make. Antony's speech | Tending to concerning3.2.60I do entreat you, not a mandepart,Save I alone, till Antony have spoke.Exit [Brutus].First PlebeianStay, ho! and let us hear Mark Antony.Third PlebeianLet him go up into the public chair;We'll hear him. Noble Antony, go up.ANTONY3.2.65For Brutus' sake, I ambeholding to you.beholding to indebted to[Goes into the pulpit.] Fourth PlebeianWhat does he say of Brutus? Third PlebeianHe says, forBrutus' sake,He finds himself beholdingto us all.Fourth Plebeian'Twere best he speak noharm of Brutus here.First PlebeianThis Caesar was a tyrant.Third PlebeianNay, that'scertain:We are blest that Rome is 3.2.70rid of him.Second PlebeianPeace! let us hear whatAntony can say.。
小学上册第十三次英语第2单元期末试卷
小学上册英语第2单元期末试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.The __________ (历史的前瞻) encourages planning.2.What is the capital of India?A. MumbaiB. DelhiC. KolkataD. BangaloreB3.What is the opposite of light?A. DarkB. HeavyC. BrightD. All of the aboveA4.Light pollution makes it difficult to see the stars in an urban _______.5.I can see _______ (很多星星) tonight.6.My brother is a talented __________ (画家).7. A _______ is a chemical change that involves a color change.8. A ______ is a small rodent that loves to eat cheese.9.Which word means "to run fast"?A. JogB. SprintC. WalkD. StrollB10.Which animal is known as "the king of the jungle"?A. TigerB. ElephantC. LionD. BearC Lion11.What is the term for animals that only eat plants?A. HerbivoresB. CarnivoresC. OmnivoresD. InsectivoresAter, we sit under a tree to rest. We talk about our favorite ______ (5) and share funny stories. I love spending time with my friends because they always make me laugh.13.The monkey is very playful and _________. (顽皮)14.I enjoy _______ (playing) soccer with my friends.15.What is the study of plants called?A. BiologyB. BotanyC. ChemistryD. Zoology16.The _____ (小丑) makes us laugh.17.He is ________ (playing) video games.18.Which animal is known for its long neck?A. ElephantB. GiraffeC. LionD. KangarooB19.The ______ is a type of bird that can swim.20.The ______ helps us understand mathematics.21.The ________ was a key battle in the narrative of independence.22.I like _____ (to eat/to drink).23.The ______ is good at solving puzzles.24.What is the capital of Belgium?A. BrusselsB. AntwerpC. GhentD. BrugesA25.What do we call the study of fossils?A. PaleontologyB. ArchaeologyC. GeologyD. AnthropologyA26.What do we call a person who studies the ocean?A. Marine biologistB. GeologistC. MeteorologistD. Oceanographer27.The tree has green ________.28.What do you call a person who creates art?A. ArtistB. PainterC. SculptorD. IllustratorA29.What do we call the person who fixes cars?A. MechanicB. ElectricianC. PlumberD. CarpenterA30. A food preservative can be an example of a(n) _______.31.What do we call the area of land that is very dry and gets little rain?A. DesertB. ForestC. SwampD. PrairieA32.What is the name of the first man to walk on the moon?A. Buzz AldrinB. Neil ArmstrongC. Yuri GagarinD. John Glenn33.The __________ (历史的价值) is immeasurable.34.What is the shape of a clock?A. SquareB. TriangleC. CircleD. Oval35.The ______ (生态系统) relies on healthy plant life.36.My favorite animal is a ______ (兔子) because they are gentle.37.__________ are substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.38. A bee buzzes happily from flower to _______ collecting nectar.39.What do we call a young fox?A. CubB. KitC. PupD. CalfB Kit40.What do you call a plant that grows in water?A. CactusB. FernC. Aquatic plantD. TreeC41.My cousin is very __________ (有趣的).42.His favorite food is ________.43.The __________ can indicate areas of high biodiversity and ecological significance.44.The __________ is a famous area known for its hospitality.45.The Earth's surface is influenced by both natural and ______ factors.46.What is the largest mammal in the world?A. ElephantB. Blue WhaleC. GiraffeD. RhinocerosB47.I always carry a __________ in my backpack. (雨具)48. A __________ is a mixture that can be separated by evaporation.49.The mouse hides in a ________________ (洞).50. A solution that is cloudy is called a _______ solution.51.The ________ (treasure) is hidden underground.52.What do we call the process of changing from a liquid to a solid?A. MeltingB. FreezingC. EvaporatingD. CondensingB53.When it’s hot outside, I like to eat __________. (水果)54.What do you call a story that is not true?A. BiographyB. FictionC. Non-fictionD. HistoryB55.The wind is _____ (strong/weak).56.Julius Caesar was a famous leader in ________ (罗马).57.What do you call the person who repairs cars?A. MechanicB. EngineerC. ArchitectD. DoctorA58.What is the capital city of Hungary?A. BudapestB. DebrecenC. SzegedD. Pécs59.What is 5 x 3?A. 12B. 15C. 18D. 21B60.What do we call the study of living things?A. ChemistryB. BiologyC. PhysicsD. GeographyB Biology61.What do we call the part of the body that helps us see?A. NoseB. EarC. EyeD. HandC62.I wish my __________ (玩具名) could talk!63.Ancient __________ (玛雅) civilization was known for its calendar.64.What do we call a large body of water?A. RiverB. LakeC. OceanD. Pond65.Sugar dissolves in ______.66.What is 15 9?A. 4B. 5C. 6D. 7C67.The ________ was a significant moment in the history of education.68.The chemical formula for sulfuric acid is ______.69.He plays ______ (football) every weekend.70.What is the capital of Italy?A. VeniceB. RomeC. FlorenceD. Milan71.小鸟) builds its nest in the tree. The ___72.What is the opposite of wet?A. DryB. DampC. MoistD. Humid73.What do you use to measure time?A. RulerB. ClockC. ScaleD. ThermometerB74.He is a skilled _____ (建筑师).75.My cousin is a talented ____ (pianist).76.The ancient Greeks practiced ________ (体育) during the Olympic Games.77.The ________ (土壤结构) affects root growth.78.The chemical symbol for ruthenium is ______.79.The weather is so __________ that I can’t decide what to wear. (变化无常的)80.The butterfly starts as a _______ (幼虫).81.The __________ is a famous river in Europe. (莱茵河)82.What do you call a young starfish?A. LarvaB. PupaC. JuvenileD. Kit83.The chemical symbol for copper is ______.84.What is the capital of Turkey?A. IstanbulB. AnkaraC. AntalyaD. IzmirB85.My aunt loves __________ (运动).86.What do you call the time when you sleep?A. DayB. NightC. MorningD. AfternoonB87.The chemical symbol for europium is _____.88.The invention of the radio revolutionized _____ communication.89. A reaction that involves the rearrangement of atoms is called a ______ reaction.90.Salt can be formed by the reaction of an acid and a _____ (base).91.What is the primary color that is a mix of blue and yellow?A. RedB. GreenC. OrangeD. PurpleB92.My teacher, Mr. Smith, is very _______ (形容词). 他教我们 _______ (科目).93.The _______ (The Cold War) led to conflicts around the globe.94. A non-metal is usually a poor ______ of heat.95.The butterfly flutters among the ______.96.The book is on the ___. (shelf)97.I like to _______ (和家人一起)度假。
Julius Caesar英文简介PPT课件
.
6
• Act Ⅲ
• The conspirators crowd around Caesar on an pretext and stab him to death.
.
9
theme
• showing struggle between the conflicting demands of honour, patriotism and friendship
• reflecting the general anxiety of Elizabethan England over succession of leadership.
.
10Biblioteka .3character
Julius Caesar
Antony Octavian
.
Leading role
Brutus Cassius
4
plot
• ActⅠ • Caesar was warned by a soothsayer to
bewere of the Ides of March. • Cassius sounds Brutus out about Caesar's
growing power and persuades him joining in the conspiracy. • A fake message from the plebeians stirs Brutus up.
凯撒大帝英语介绍
Caesar fell in love with the Egyptian queen Cleopatra .
Reforms
Caesar was now master of Rome and made himself consul and dictator. He used his power to carry out muchneeded reforms, the most important of which was his reform works
Memoirs
• The Commentarii de Bello Gallico, usually known in English as The Gallic Wars 《高卢战记》
Maximus(大祭司长）, chief priest of the Roman state
rel6ig2ioBn C. ： Caesar was appointed to govern Spain,
probably with proconsular(总督) powers .
60BC:Three overlords form an
The calendar at the time was regulated by the movement of the moon, and this had resulted in a great deal of disorder. Caesar replaced this calendar with the Egyptian calendar, which was regulated by the sun. He set the length of the year to 365.25 days by adding an intercalary/leap day at the end of February every fourth year.
凯撒大帝英文介绍
The Tragedy of Julius Caesar
It was the first play performed in the Globe Theatre in 1599
• The English knew a lot about the Romans back then. They were conquered by Caesar and believed that they were descendents of early Romans. • The Roman playwrights Seneca and Plautus were popular and admired influences of Elizabethan drama.
Caesar contributed a lot to our society. One of the most significant contributions is the 365-day calendar we follow today.
William Shakespeare wrote the play
• Shakespeare’s audience was also fascinated by Caesar’s
life and death (a “dictator” becoming corrupt and ignoring the other branches of government, then being assassinated by his own friends) because in the 1400’s in England the people experienced civil war and the result was the Tudor family (Queen Elizabeth’s family line) taking over.
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Antony, even as he states his intentions against it, rouses the mob（民众） to drive the conspirators from Rome. • The beginning of Act Four is marked by the quarrel scene of Brutus and Cassius, but the two are reconciled, they prepare for war with Mark Antony .That night, Caesar's ghost appears to Brutus with a warning of defeat. • During the battle, Cassius has his servant Pindarus kill him after hearing of the capture of his best friend, Titinius. However, Brutus wins that stage of the battle - but his victory is not conclusive. Brutus battles again the next day. He loses and commits suicide by running on his own sword. • The play ends with a tribute（悼念）to Brutus by Antony, who proclaims that Brutus has remained "the noblest Roman of them all"because he was the only conspirator who acted for the good of Rome.
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The conspirators create a superficial motive for the assassination by means of a petition（请愿书） brought by Metellus Cimber, pleading on behalf of his banished brother As Caesar, predictably, rejects the petition, Casca grazes Caesar in the back of his neck, and the others follow in stabbing him; Brutus is last. At this point, Caesar utters the famous line "Et tu, Brute?"("And you, Brutus?", i.e. "You too, Brutus?"). The conspirators make clear that they committed this act for Rome, not for their own purposes and do not attempt to flee the scene. After Caesar's death, Brutus delivers an oration defending his actions, and for the moment, the crowd is on his side. However, Mark Antony, reminds the common people of the good Caesar had done for Rome, his sympathy with the poor, thus questioning Brutus' claim of Caesar's ambition.
Introduction to Julius Caesar
-by shakespeare
Main Characters
Julius Caesar
Marcus Brutus Mark Antony Caius Cassius
Main Plots：
Marcus Brutus is Caesar's close friend and a Roman praetor['priːtə]（执政官）. Brutus allows himself to be cajoled[kə'dʒəʊl]（勾引） into joining a group of conspiring（共谋） senators because of a growing suspicion—implanted by Caius Cassius—that Caesar intends to turn republican Rome into a monarchy under his own rule. • The early scenes deal mainly with Brutus's arguments with Cassius and his struggle with his own conscience. The growing tide of public support soon turns Brutus against Caesar A soothsayer(预言家) warns Caesar to "beware the Ides（第15日） of March", which he ignores, culminating（达到顶点） in his assassination at the Capitol by the conspirators that day, despite being warned by the soothsayer and Artemidorus, one of Caesar's supporters at the entrance of the Capitol. • Caesar's assassination is one of the most famous scenes of the play, occurring in Act 3. After ignoring the soothsayer as well as his wife's own premonitions, Caesar comes to the Senate.