上海市嘉定区2020届高三下学期第二次质量调研测试(二模)地理试卷
地理考生注意：1.试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。
2.本考试分设试卷和答题纸。
试卷包括两部分，第一部分为选择题；第二部分为综合题，该部分所有试题均为简答题。
3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、报名号、考场号和座位号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。
第一部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域，第二部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。
一、选择题（共40分）1.2019年12月26日发生的天文奇观日环食，在大部分亚洲地区及中东地区可以观测到。
该日的日地距离和月相分别是A.近日点、朔B.近日点、望C.远日点、朔D.远日点、望2.2019年是太阳活动的低峰年，太阳活动进入“冰点”。
其给地球带来的影响可能是A.通讯和导航设施失灵的可能性增大B.全球昼夜变化幅度变小C.两极地区极光出现的次数减少D.两极地区极昼时间缩短3.下图中①线表示某日全球不同纬度正午太阳高度分布状况。
该日太阳直射点位于A.赤道B.南回归线C.北回归线D.南极圈4.在我国陕西北部榆林靖边县分布着一种地质奇观“波浪谷”，其因红色砂岩上的纹路像波浪而得名。
组成这种波浪谷地质奇观的岩石主要由A.高温高压变质形成B.滨海沉积沙子胶结而成C.岩浆在地表冷却而成D.岩浆在地下深处冷却而成5.我国西南地区发育有大范围的喀斯特地貌，其原因除了那里分布有大量的石灰岩外，还因为那里A.地震活动频繁B.地形复杂多样C.气温高降水多D.植物种类繁多6.新疆属典型的温带大陆性气候，晴天时，白天气温一般较高。
其主要原因是①地表物质吸收太阳辐射能②大气吸收太阳辐射能③地表物质吸收大气辐射能④大气吸收地表辐射能A.①②B.②③C.③④D.①④7.右图所示地区6月到9月份降水较少，其原因主要是该区受到某一气压带或风带的影响。
这一气压带或风带可能是A.赤道低气压带B.东北信风带C.东南信风带D.副极地低气压带8.该图为2019年11月29日20点亚洲局部海平面气压分布图。
在锋面到达前后，甲地先后出现的天气现象是A.晴朗—风力增大—阴雨—降温B.晴朗—风力减小—阴雨—降温C.晴朗—风力增大—阴雨—升温D.阴雨—风力减小—晴朗—升温9.与北赤道暖流成因相似的洋流是A.千岛寒流B.秘鲁寒流C.西风漂流D.本格拉寒流10.厦门市是个严重缺水的城市，尤其是厦门岛，主要靠跨地市引水工程解决水资源短缺问题。
该市水资源紧缺的自然原因主要是①纬度低，蒸发量大②濒临海边，地下水咸化③降水集中在夏半年④境内缺少大江、大湖A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④11.随着社会、经济的发展，某些地方的农业生产类型发生改变。
如山东寿光县从传统的小麦种植区转变为全国著名的蔬菜生产基地。
导致寿光农业生产类型发生改变的主导因素是①气候②土壤③消费市场④交通运输A.①②B.②③C.①④D.③④12.美国五大湖工业区、德国鲁尔工业区、我国的东北工业区最早都是依赖煤炭和铁矿资源发展了钢铁工业，我国大庆最早是依赖石油资源发展了石油工业……这些事实说明，自然资源直接影响区域①早期的第二产业布局②早期的第二产业结构③第二产业优化升级的方向④第二产业转移的速度A.①②B.②③C.①④D.③④13.镇湖镇是江苏省苏州手工刺绣的主要发源地和重要产地。
近年来，当地绣商前往朝鲜寻找加工厂代工生产苏绣，并运回镇湖镇售卖。
与苏州相比，朝鲜生产苏绣的区位优势是A.刺绣技艺水平较高B.绣品市场距离较近C.绣品原料品质较优D.刺绣人工成本较低14.“一带一路”是互惠之路，对密切我国与沿线国家之间的经济贸易联系意义重大。
与俄罗斯的合作有利于我国①进口大量油气资源②输入大量的剩余劳力③引进对方民间资本④拓宽产品的销售市场A.①②B.①④C.②③D.③④15.互联网购物的商业模式导致了传统商业区位条件的改变，其中改变最明显的是①商业集聚程度增大②物流保障要求上升③市场集中程度增大④商业地租支付减少A.①③B.①④C.②③D.②④16.2008年~2015年间，大庆市人口总量不断减少、人口自然增长率明显下降、人口老龄化现象日趋严重。
产生这种现象的直接原因是①经济发展过于缓慢②青年人才流失较多③产业结构转型加速 ④医疗保障条件较好 A.①②B.②③C.③④D.①④17.草场资源是发展畜牧业的物质基础，亚洲大陆的草场资源主要位于温带草原地区。
亚洲大陆温带草原地区保护草场资源最需要关注的是 A.防止草原大火B.不能过度放牧C.引水浇灌草地D.防止风沙侵袭18.我国地域辽阔，各地民居迥然不同，其建筑材料、结构与功能与地理环境密切相关。
适应高寒气候的传统民居是 A.蒙古包 B.窑洞C.四合院D.碉房19.遥感技术广泛运用于诸多领域。
下列项目中，主要利用该技术实现的有 ①监测旱涝灾害 ②获取月背全景 ③规划物流路径 ④普查人口数量 A.①② B.①③C.②④D.③④20.温带海洋性气候对应的自然带名称是 A.温带落叶阔叶林带B.温带草原带C.温带荒漠带D.亚热带常绿硬叶林带二、综合题（共60分）（一）安徽省是我国地质灾害较为明显的省份之一，地质灾害给城乡经济建设及人民的生命财产安全造成了很大危害。
读图文资料，回答问题。
（20分）材料一：安徽省地理简图和安徽省主要地形区地质灾害分布材料二：安徽省煤矿资源丰富，主要分布于淮河以北的平原区，大小煤矿众多，有些矿区经过长期开采，地下废弃矿坑、矿洞众多。
材料三：皖南山区、大别山区大小断层构造众多，山体陡峭，表层岩石风化程度较高，山坡松散风化层一般都较厚。
山区修公路、建民居通常需要开山切坡，砍伐林木。
21.概述安徽省地质灾害的主要分布规律。
（6分） 22.分析淮北平原区地面塌陷灾害发生的主要原因。
（4分） 23.分析大别山区、皖南山区滑坡灾害发生的主要原因。
（6分）24.根据所学知识，阐述大别山区和皖南山区在防治地质灾害方面应该采取的措施。
（4分） （二）城市化与产业结构升级在区域发展中相伴而行，城市化率、产业结构是城市与区域发展的重要标志。
读图文资料，回答问题。
（20分）材料一：贵州省地处祖国西南，民族众多，自然和民族文化旅游资源十分丰富。
材料二：第五次人口普查显示，贵州省从事农林牧渔相关职业人员中的小学文化水平占比达49%。
2018年全年减少贫困人口148.14万人，贫困发生率下降至4.29%。
表1安徽省主要地形区地质灾害分材料三：贵州地貌以高原山地居多，素有“八山一水一分田”之说，属亚热带季风气候，气温变化小，冬暖夏凉，气候宜人。
水果种类丰富，特产刺梨、猕猴桃、赫章核桃、富硒枇杷、蜜柚等。
25.概述2018年贵州省城市化和三大产业发展的现状。
（6分）26.分析贵州省第二产业支柱行业特征及对第二产业城市化发展的影响。
（4分） 27.分析贵州省社会、经济发展的优势条件和主要人文方面的制约因素。
（6分）28.近年来，贵州针对农村和民族地区人口的实际情况，发展以水果、中草药、蔬菜、食用菌菇为主的农业合作社，农村人口的收入得到快速增长，扶贫工作成效显著。
从因地制宜可持续发展的角度，评价这些措施的合理性。
（4分）（三）汉江发源于秦岭山地，是长江最大的支流，流域面积大，也是南水北调中线工程供水水源地。
读图文资料，回答问题。
（20分） 材料一：汉江中下游地域辽阔，自然资源丰富。
人口众多，经济发达，是我国发展综合生态农业、农业多种经营的基地和全国重要的粮、棉、油基地。
材料二：丹江口水库多年平均年入库径流量为379.19亿m 2。
调水前，丹江口以下汉江中下游地区年均水资源量大约为404.4亿m 3，人均和亩均水资源量偏低。
材料三：南水北调中线工程年调水规模为130亿m 3，缓解了华北地区水资源紧张状况，促进了该区工农业发展，保障了人民生活用水安全。
29.从径流量大小、汛期、冰期等方面，分析汉江的主要水文特征。
（6分）30.分析南水北调中线工程实施后，汉江中下游地区水资源数量的变化及其对该地区工农业表12018年贵州及全国三大产业比重（%） 产业比重 从业人员比重贵州 全国 贵州 全国第一产业 14.6% 7.2% 53.8% 27%第二产业 38.9% 40.7% 18.4% 28%第三产业 46.5% 52.2% 27.8% 45% 城市化率 49.68% 59.58% 表22018年贵州第二产业主要支柱行业 1.酒、饮料和精致茶制造业（26%） 2.煤炭开采和洗选业（14.4%） 3.电力、热力生产和供应业（11%） 4.非金属矿物制品业（8.9%）5.烟草制品业（8.2%）表1汉江流域不同河段和城市统计 河段 上游区 中游区 下游区 流域总面积的占比 56% 25% 19% 河床落差的占比 96% --- --- 城市分布密度 2.13 4.234.53 表2汉江流域年水土保持量统计（t ▪km -2）2001年 2017年 丹江口大坝上游 47万 101万 丹江口大坝下游 15万 31.5万 全流域平均 34万 73.5万生产、生态环境产生的影响。
（6分）31.水土保持是所有河流流域管理的重点之一，汉江流域治理的重点为汉江上游地区。
依据表1、表2分析这一做法的依据及取得的成效。
（4分）32.不同的区域资源禀赋不可能相同，区域发展必须加强与其他区域的联系、发挥各自区城的优势条件，求得共同发展。
依据这一原则，评价南水北调中线工程的合理性。
（4分）二、综合题（60分）（一）21.安徽省地质灾害与自然地理环境关系密切，淮北平原区是土地盐渍化和地面塌陷；（2分）江淮丘陵区以膨胀土变形为主；（2分）大别山区和皖南山区以滑坡、崩塌和水土流失为主。
（2分）22.该地区煤矿大小煤矿众多，地下废弃矿坑、矿洞多，（2分）长期空置易于导致地面塌陷。
（2分）23.山区断层构造众多，山体陡峭、表层风化程度高，土层厚；（2分）该区位于季风气候区，5到7月降水集中，雨量大；（2分）加之人类建设和生活活动，破坏山地绿化等，（2分）重力作用下整体下滑，易于引发滑坡灾害。
24.（4分）建立健全防灾减灾的政策法规体系，提高公众的减灾意识；在大别山区、皖南山区加强地质灾害的危险区的发现和监测；加强暴雨天气监测和预报；加强林木管理，防止乱砍乱伐。
（任答两点）（二）25.城市化率低于全国平均水平。
（2分）三大产业产值比重为“三、二、一”结构，第一产业产值比重明显高于全国平均水平，第二、三产业产值比重明显低于全国平均水平。
（2分）从三大产业从业人员比重看，第一产业从业人员占比最高，远高于全国平均水平；第二、三产业明显低于全国水平。
（2分）26.特征：贵州省第二产业支柱行业主要依靠酒、饮料和精致茶制造业、煤炭行业等，以低附加值产业为主。
（2分）影响：贵州第二产业以低附加值产业为主，对劳动力吸纳能力低，对城市化的拉动作用还不够强。
上海市高三地理下学期二模试题(上海四区二模)中图版
上海市高三地理下学期二模试题（上海四区二模）中图版高三年级 地理试卷本试卷共12页，满分150分。
考试时间120分钟。
全卷包括两大题；第一大题为选择题；第二大题为综合分析题，包括共同部分和选择部分。
考生注意：1.答卷前，务必用圆珠笔或钢笔在试卷和答题纸上将姓名、准考证号等填写清楚，并用2B 铅笔在答题纸上正确涂写准考证号码。
2.第一大题由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题纸上，考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用2B 铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号与答题卡编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。
答案不能涂写在试卷上，涂写在试卷上一律不给分。
3.第二大题采用人工阅卷。
考生应用钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接写在答题纸上，用铅笔答题或写在试卷上一律不给分。
所有考生应完成本大题共同部分；选择部分分为A 、B 两组，两组试题分值相同；A 组试题适合选择“地球和月球；自然资源与自然灾害”模块的考生，B 组试题适合选择“地域分异规律；旅游资源”模块的考生；考生任选一组答题，但不能交叉答题，如果考生交叉答题，只对A 组的应答进行评分。
一、选择题（共60分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确答案 ）（一）美国宇航局的科学家对新一轮太阳风暴提出了警告，认为2013年地球将遭受一场严重的太阳风暴。
1．太阳风暴的形成与黑子活动有关，太阳活动的主要标志和周期是………………（ ） A ．太阳风、黑子，11年 B ．太阳风、耀斑，14年 C ．日珥、耀斑，11年 D ．黑子、耀斑，11年2．对地球影响最大的太阳活动来自太阳的……………………………………………（ ） A ．日冕层B ．光球层 C ．色球层 D ．太阳内部圈层3．如果太阳风暴强烈，会对现代导航系统造成干扰，其主要是……………………（ ） A ．高速带电粒子进入大气圈扰乱地球上空对流层 B ．高速带电粒子进入大气圈扰乱地球磁场，产生磁暴现象 C ．高速带电粒子进入大气圈，产生极光，干扰导航 D ．温度高，影响导航设备正常运行（二）近年来，台湾省已成为大陆游客的旅游热点地区。
2020嘉定区二模地理
嘉定区2019学年等级考第二次质量调研测试地理试卷（2020.05）考生注意：1.试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。
2.本考试分设试卷和答题纸。
试卷包括两部分，第一部分为选择题；第二部分为综合题，该部分所有试题均为简答题。
3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、报名号、考场号和座位号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。
第一部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域，第二部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。
一、选择题（共40分）1.2019年12月26日发生的天文奇观日环食，在大部分亚洲地区及中东地区可以观测到。
该日的日地距离和月相分别是A.近日点、朔B.近日点、望C.远日点、朔D.远日点、望2.2019年是太阳活动的低峰年，太阳活动进入“冰点”。
其给地球带来的影响可能是A.通讯和导航设施失灵的可能性增大B.全球昼夜变化幅度变小C.两极地区极光出现的次数减少D.两极地区极昼时间缩短3.下图中①线表示某日全球不同纬度正午太阳高度分布状况。
该日太阳直射点位于A.赤道B.南回归线C.北回归线D.南极圈4.在我国陕西北部榆林靖边县分布着一种地质奇观“波浪谷”，其因红色砂岩上的纹路像波浪而得名。
组成这种波浪谷地质奇观的岩石主要由A.高温高压变质形成B.滨海沉积沙子胶结而成C.岩浆在地表冷却而成D.岩浆在地下深处冷却而成5.我国西南地区发育有大范围的喀斯特地貌，其原因除了那里分布有大量的石灰岩外，还因为那里A.地震活动频繁B.地形复杂多样C.气温高降水多D.植物种类繁多6.新疆属典型的温带大陆性气候，晴天时，白天气温一般较高。
其主要原因是①地表物质吸收太阳辐射能②大气吸收太阳辐射能③地表物质吸收大气辐射能④大气吸收地表辐射能A.①②B.②③C.③④D.①④7.右图所示地区6月到9月份降水较少，其原因主要是该区受到某一气压带或风带的影响。
这一气压带或风带可能是A.赤道低气压带B.东北信风带C.东南信风带D.副极地低气压带8.该图为2019年11月29日20点亚洲局部海平面气压分布图。
上海市2020-2021学年高二(高三)地理等级考各区模拟分类汇编地域分异规律
2020-2021学年上海地理等级考各区模拟分类汇编----地域分异规律一．选择题（共21小题）1．（2020•浦东新区二模）2019年9月，持续数日的亚马孙森林大火引发各国的关注，“地球之肺”的损毁必将加速全球气候变暖，导致大量珍稀物种消失，甚至带来更多的灾害。
这一现象表明自然环境具有（）A．整体性B．差异性C．稳定性D．脆弱性2．（2020•静安区二模）北纬40°﹣60°的亚欧大陆地区，自然带的分布主要体现的地域分异规律是（）A．纬度地带性B．垂直地带性C．非地带性D．从沿海到内陆的地带性3．（2020•长宁区二模）在理想大陆和非洲大陆自然带分布示意图中，影响赤道沿线自然带分布差异的主要因素是（）A．距海远近B．沿岸洋流C．海陆分布D．海拔高度4．（2020•奉贤区二模）如图为我国某山地自然带分布图，影响东西两坡自然带谱数目差异的主导因素是（）A．地形B．海拔C．坡度D．相对高度5．（2020•青浦区二模）北纬30°﹣60°的亚欧大陆西岸地区，自然带的分布主要体现的地域分异规律是（）A．纬度地带性B．垂直地带性C．从沿海到内陆的地带性D．非地带性6．（2020秋•嘉定区期末）在盛行风向和距海远近的影响下，地理环境的区域差异主要表现为（）A．纬度地带性规律B．垂直地带性规律C．从沿海到内陆的地带性规律D．非地带性规律7．（2020秋•松江区期末）大兴安岭地区森林或密，有“林海雪源”之称，图中甲地所属的自然带是（）A．亚热带常绿阔叶林带B．亚热带常绿硬叶林带C．温带落叶阔叶林带D．亚寒带针叶林带8．（2020秋•嘉定区期末）根据2018年卫星卫星跟踪器发回的信号，人们绘制出一只白鹤的南迁飞行路线轨迹图（如图）。
该白鹤南迁过程中沿途地区植被景观变化体现的地域分异规律主要是（）A．非地带性B．纬度地带性C．沿海到内陆的地带性规律D．垂直地带性9．（2020秋•松江区期末）如图为甲乙两地的山地垂直自然带分布示意图。
2022年上海市嘉定高考地理二模试卷
2022年上海市嘉定高考地理二模试卷试题数：23，总分：1001.（单选题，2分）2022年北京冬奥会的开幕日选在立春日，并在开幕式采用独具特色的二十四节气倒数计时，将中华文明关于时间的理解融入了奥运盛会之中。
24节气的主要划分依据是（）A.回归年B.恒星年C.太阳日D.恒星日2.（单选题，2分）地球具有一个安全的宇宙环境，受小行星撞击的概率较低。
这主要得益于（）① 水星、金星的阻挡作用② 月球的阻挡作用③ 地球大气的摩擦燃烧作用④ 火星的摩擦燃烧作用A. ① ②B. ② ③C. ① ④D. ③ ④3.（单选题，2分）湖北省恩施大峡谷拥有天坑、石柱群等多种地貌景观，吸引了大量地学研究者与攀岩爱好者。
如图为大峡谷内某处天坑的等高线地形图。
其中最适合攀岩的地段是（）A.甲B.乙C.丙D.丁4.（单选题，2分）如图所示为2020年全球某种自然灾害的分布图。
这种灾害可能是（）A.台风B.洪涝C.地震D.滑坡5.（单选题，2分）降水是引发地质灾害的重要因素之一。
如图为我国某省崩塌、滑坡、泥石流灾害与平均降水量随时间的变化图。
该省可能是（）A.湖南B.河南C.海南D.吉6.（单选题，2分）我国外流区和内流区的河流大多在夏季进入汛期，原因是（）A.均受夏季风影响B.分别受夏季风和高温影响C.均受高温影响D.分别受高温和夏季风影响7.（单选题，2分）每年冬季，美国中部都会受到暴风雪的侵袭。
导致这一天气现象的因素除大气环流外，主要是（）A.纬度位置B.海陆位置C.地形分布D.洋流分布8.（单选题，2分）2022年1月印度尼西亚国会批准将首都从爪哇岛的雅加达迁至加里曼丹岛的努桑塔拉。
导致印尼迁都的原因之一是（）A.臭氧层破坏B.全球变暖C.酸雨危害D.土地荒漠化9.（单选题，2分）如图为某海域洋流示意图，其中属于涌升流主要分布海域的是（）A. ①B. ②C. ③D. ④10.（单选题，2分）人口迁移有着各种各样的原因，对社会、经济、生态、文化产生一定的影响。
上海市嘉定区2020年高中等级考地理二模试题(逐题详解版)
嘉定区2019~2020年第二学期高二/高三年级质量调研考试地理试卷2020.05满分100分时间60分钟一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确答案）1.2019年12月26日发生的天文奇观日环食，在大部分亚洲地区及中东地区可以观测到。
该日的日地距离和月相分别是A.近日点、朔B.近日点、望C.远日点、朔D.远日点、望2.2019年是太阳活动的低峰年，太阳活动进入“冰点”。
其给地球带来的影响可能是A.通讯和导航设施失灵的可能性增大B.全球昼夜变化幅度变小C.两极地区极光出现的次数减少D.两极地区极昼时间缩短3.下图中①线表示某日全球不同纬度正午太阳高度分布状况。
该日太阳直射点位于A.赤道B.南回归线C.北回归线D.南极圈4.在我国陕西北部榆林靖边县分布着一种地质奇观“波浪谷”，其因红色砂岩上的纹路像波浪而得名。
组成这种波浪谷地质奇观的岩石主要由A.高温高压变质形成B.滨海沉积沙子胶结而成C.岩浆在地表冷却而成D.岩浆在地下深处冷却而成5.我国西南地区发育有大范围的喀斯特地貌，其原因除了那里分布有大量的石灰岩外，还因为那里A.地震活动频繁B.地形复杂多样C.气温高降水多D.植物种类繁多6.新疆属典型的温带大陆性气候，晴天时，白天气温一般较高。
其主要原因是①地表物质吸收太阳辐射能②大气吸收太阳辐射能③地表物质吸收大气辐射能④大气吸收地表辐射能A.①②B.②③C.③④D.①④7.右图所示地区6月到9月份降水较少，其原因主要是该区受到某一气压带或风带的影响。
这一气压带或风带可能是A.赤道低气压带B.东北信风带C.东南信风带D.副极地低气压带8.该图为2019年11月29日20点亚洲局部海平面气压分布图。
在锋面到达前后，甲地先后出现的天气现象是A.晴朗—风力增大—阴雨—降温B.晴朗—风力减小—阴雨—降温C.晴朗—风力增大—阴雨—升温D.阴雨—风力减小—晴朗—升温9.与北赤道暖流成因相似的洋流是A.千岛寒流B.秘鲁寒流C.西风漂流D.本格拉寒流10.厦门市是个严重缺水的城市，尤其是厦门岛，主要靠跨地市引水工程解决水资源短缺问题。
上海市嘉定区2020届高三下学期第二次质量调研测试(二模)英语试题+Word版含答案
2020上海嘉定区高三英语二模试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. Customer and salesperson.B. Teacher and student.D. Guest and waitress.C. Boss and secretary.2. A. The program was not interesting enough.B. She didn't want to listen to the program.C. She had to meet her students.D. The students' questions kept her busy.3. A. Help the man with his essay.B. Memorize her lines by herself.C. Wait until the man finishes his essay.D. Ask Sue to help her.D. Shopping for running shoes4. A. Practice her presentation in front of him.B. Find out who her audience will be.C. Try not to think about her audience.5. A. Writing a term paper.B. Studying for a history test.C. Reading a magazine.D. Watch him make his presentation.6. A. He doesn't like the way Americans speak.B. He speaks English as if he were a native speaker.C. He doesn't mind speaking English with an accent.D. His English is still poor after ten years in America.7. A. The box office is closed today.B. The tickets have been sold out.C. He doesn't want to go to the concert.D. It's too late to buy the morning paper.8. A. He received a good evaluation.B. He enjoyed a wonderful performance.C. He's getting along well with his supervisor.D. He gave a good performance in the evaluation.9. A. The library is closed on weekends.B. He had no idea where the book was.C. He wasn't allowed to check out the book.D. He didn't get the book he needed.10. A. He can't hear Tom clearly.B. Tom's speech is too deep.C. Tom doesn't speak directly.D. Tom doesn't talk about the proposal.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. He wrote the Superman stories.B. He was the best American journalistC. He was the boss of many newspapers.D. He won prizes for press photography.12. A. It stood up for the common people.B. It made public the wrongdoing of officials.C. It established a famous prize for journalism.英语学习讲义D. It probably provided a model for the Daily Planet13. A. Model newspaper.B. Excellence in journalism.D. Best school of journalism in America.C. Impressive public opinions.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The fondness for the Ambassador.B. The long history of the Ambassador.C. The brilliant functions of the Ambassador.D. The stop of the production of the Ambassador.15. A. Low demand and lack of money.B. High price and strong competition.C. Lack of buyers and poor economy.D. Few changes and less competitiveness.16. A. Because the car can operate with ease.B. Because the car has a strong steel body.C. Because the car has a very long history.D. Because the car can be fixed at a low cost.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Whether high-quality students can explain concepts clearly.B. Whether schools should adopt gifted education programs.C. Whether regular students can benefit from gifted ones.D. Whether parents can do something for the smart kids18. A. They will feel superior to their peers.B. They will focus on assisting their teachers.C. They will get motivated and reach their full potential.D. They will lose the chance to tutor their struggling peers.19. A. Gifted education programs are beneficial to some schools here.B. Both slower and advanced learners should receive special education.C. Regular classes discourage bright students' motivation due to boredom.D. Gifted programs rob average students of the chance to learn from bright ones.20. A. He has prejudice against regular students.B. He has preference for bright students.C. He is enthusiastic about gifted programs.D. He lacks understanding of gifted studentsⅡ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Long-term low self-esteem can cause depressionLow self-esteem makes us feel bad about ourselves. But did you know that over time it also can cause the development of serious mental conditions such as depression?Self-esteem is, very simply, he set of feelings you have about yourself. It’s developed by your experiences, thoughts, feelings, and relationships. (21) ________ self-knowledge, which refers to how much you know about yourself, self-esteem is formed around whether you like yourself or not. Depression is much more than just feeling sad. It drains your energy and makes everyday activities difficult.Doctors use low self-esteem as one possible symptom (22) ________ they diagnose the mental condition of major depressive disorder. They don’t necessarily care (23) ________ low self-esteem causes the depression or vice versa. However, personality researchers have long wondered about the chicken-and-egg problem of self-esteem and depression. Certainly, if you dislike yourself, you’ll be more likely (24) ________ (depress). On the other hand, if you’re depressed, you’ll be more likely to feel bad about yourself. The only way that (25) ________ (employ) to explore the highly related concepts of self-esteem and depression is through continuous research, (26) ________ ________ people are followed up over time.A study on depression conducted by University of Basel researchers Julia Sowislo and Ulrich Orth, (27) ________ (contrast) the competing directions of self-esteem to depression vs depression to self-esteem. The findings have revealed that over time low self-esteem is a risk factor for depression, regardless of who is tested and how. The study indicates that low self-esteem causes depression (28) ________ not vice versa.Therefore, if a person has low self-esteem, there’s a (29) ________ (great) risk of developing depression. This is a very important discovery because it shows that (30) ________ (improve) a person’s self-esteem can make him or her feel better.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Put down the phone and live in the momentHave you ever unintentionally left your phone at home and wondered how you would get through the day? Baylor College of Medicine’s Dr. Jin Han explains why this might be a sign that you need to put down your phone more often.“There has been a(n) __31__ in technology as our phones have gone from just regular cell phones to smart phones that allow you to multitask all with one device,”said Han, assistant professor at Baylor. “You use your phone now to receive emails, to text and chat and to access social media platforms -- __32__ your phone may be your connection to your social life.”Although they offer many advantages, Han cautions that using your smart devices can be harmful if you use them too much. For example, using your smart phone while driving, or even walking, can cause serious accidents. Also, staring at your screen for too long can be harmful to your __33__.Being __34__ too long to your phone also can impact the quality of your relationships, he said. If you are on your phone constantly and not __35__ with those around you, it can take away from your relationships with your family and friends. In addition, if you are using your phone too much in front your children, then they will likely follow your lead and use their own smart devicesrather than __36__ with you.“ In the end, the question is how you balance using your phone while not negatively __37__ your health.” Han said. “Anything that you are doing to the __38__ is no healthy anymore. While it is going to be almost impossible not to use this technology, we have t create a behavior that is healthy.”To help __39__ the time you spend on your phone, Han offered the following tips:●Limit the time spent on your phone: Set up certain time that you allow yourself to be on thephone.●Do not use your phone at night: Being on your phone late into the night can make it harderfor you to fall asleep and wake up the next day. Restricting your phone use at night can help you __40__ a healthy sleep behavior.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The scent of coffee appears to enhance performance in math Drinking coffee has benefits. __41__ the physical improvement, coffee may reduce our risk of heart disease. Coffee may even help us live longer. Now, research also reveals that the scent（气味）of coffee may help people perform better on the analytical portion of the Graduate Management Aptitude Test, or GMA T, a computer adaptive test __42__ by many business schools.The work, led by famous professor Adriana Madzharov, not only __43__ the hidden force of scent and the cognitive（认知）improvement it may provide on analytical tasks, but also expectation that students will perform better on those tasks. Madzharov, with his colleagues, recently published their findings.“It’s not just that the coffee-like scent helped people perform better on analytical tasks, which was already __44__,”says Madzharov. “But they also thought they would do better, and we demonstraded that this expectation was at least partly __45__ their improved performance.”___46___, smelling a coffee - like scent, which has no caffeine in it, has an effect similar to that of drinking coffee, suggesting a placebo（安慰剂）effect of coffee scent.Madzharov’s team tested 100 undergraduate business students, divided into two groups, with GMAT algebra questions. One group took the test in the __47__ of a coffee - like scent, while a control group took the same test - but in an unscented room. They found that the group in the coffee-smelling room scored significantly higher on the test.Madzharov’s team wanted to know more. Could the first group’s performance in quick thinking be explained, in part, by an expectation that a coffee scent would increase __48__ and consequently improve performance?The team designed a follow-up survey, conducted among more than 200 new participants, quizzing them on __49__ about various scents and their effects on human performance. Participants believed that they would feel more alert and energetic in the presence of a coffee scent, in contrast with a flower scent or no scent; and that __50__ to coffee scent would increase their performance on mental tasks. The results suggest that __51__ about performance can be explained by beliefs that coffee scent alone makes people more alert and energetic.Madzharov is now looking to explore whether coffee-like scents can have a(n) __52__ placebo effect on other types of performance, such as verbal reasoning. She also says that the finding - that coffee - like scent acts as a placebo for analytical reasoning performance - has many practical __53__, including several for business.“Sense of smelling is one of our most powerful senses,”says Madzharov. “Employers, architects, building developers, retail space managers and others, can use scents to help __54__ employees’or occupants’experience with their environment. It’s an area of great interest and __55__.”41. A. In contrast to B. Contrary to C. In addition to D. Equivalent to42. A. acquired B. required C. justified D. inquired43. A. distributes B. stimulates C. dominates D. highlights44. A. encouraging B. imposing C. conflicting D. challenging45. A. characterized by B. called for C. responsible for D. typical of46. A. In short B. By comparison C. In particular D. After all47. A. lack B., shift C. withdrawal D. presence48. A. comprehension B. alertness C. conscience D. context49. A. evidence B. definition C. symptom D. belief50. A. adaptation B. commitment C. exposure D. alternative51. A. implication B. expectation C. indication D. illustration52. A. similar B. concrete C. modified D. estimated53. A. simplification B. description C. resignation D. application54. A. enhance B. evaluate C. exploit D. prospect55. A. negotiation B. priority C. potential D. strategySection BDirections: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)People generally see themselves through achievements. In doing that, they end up caring more about their image than the reality of who they actually are. Rather than their work doing the talking, they end up defining themselves by external markers that they hope will earn them respect.The problem with this is that it encourages both themselves and other people to judge their worth based on some relatively unimportant measure. For example, one day, their educational diploma may overshadow what they actually learned. Therefore, a better way to know a person, I think, is to ask a different set of questions: What motivates them? What makes them ache? What do they long for?It’s in this spirit that I want to publicly share my values. They are the compass（罗盘）that guides my life. The kindest and most sincere thing I can do is to see, recognize, and understand another person before I make judgments. From there, I can learn to treat others appropriately, depending on the context, learning from my mistakes with time and experience. It’s just a reminder that life is hard for all of us, while at the same time accepting that it’s important we are all also held accountable for our actions.I have learned that we are all deeply self-interested. I hope to be self-aware enough to check out of the power and status games. That means I’m not competing with anyone for a shiny object; I’d rather compete with myself. It’s about becoming so uniquely different that it would be aninsult for me to measure myself against someone else. I believe if I do the work to be internally free from the pull of the power and status games, then I can add value to others bused on my unique knowledge and experience.If this resonates with（与……共鸣）you, I invite you to join me on this journey in understanding and relating to this complex world. It’s a wonderful mystery, and I think together we can better define it -- not just personally, but also collectively.56. According to the article, which of the following is TRUE?A. The external markers are better ways to know a person.B. People generally judge others’ worth by what they have achieved.C. The author is someone who is keen on power games.D. Learning from mistakes is the first step of treating others kindly.57. What does the underlined word “overshadow” probably mean?A. be relatively similar toB. cause something to be stronger thanC. make something less importantD. block off light from something58. What of the following might the author agree with?A. Life is hard, so we shouldn’t criticize others when they are not responsible.B. One should overcome self-interest in order to judge others objectively.C. Everyone is unique, so showing off uniqueness is an insult to others.D. One should see and understand another person using a real compass.59. Why does the author write the article?A. To promote harmonious living.B. To ask people not to judge others.C. To call on readers to learn his values.D. To share his values of understanding the world.(B)The Elementary Science Fair Planning GuideThe most helpful, scientific, kid-friendly science Fair project planner known to kidsA Model, Display or Collection:Shows how something works in the real world, but doesn’t really test anything.Examples of display or collection projects can be: “The Solar System,”“Types of Dinosaurs,”“My Coin Collection.”Examples of models might be: “How a Tornado Forms” or “How an Electric Motor Works”.An Experiment:Lots of information is given, but it also has a project that shows testing being done and the gathering of data.Examples of experiments can be: “The Effects of Detergent（洗衣粉）on the Growth of Plants” or “Which Paper Towel is more Absorbent”.You can tell you have an experiment if you are testing something several times and changing a variable（变量）to see what will happen.Even though you can learn a lot from building a model or display, we recommend that you do an experiment! Why? Well, they are fun, they are more interesting and most of all, they take you through the SCIENTIFIC METHOD, which is the way real scientists investigate in real science labs. Besides that, the scientific method is what the judges are looking for!60. Which of the following science projects might be recommended by the guide?A. How swallows build their nests.B. What the solar system consists of.C. The three dances bees use to communicate.D. What structure can hold the most amount of weight.61. According to the guide, which of the following is TRUE?A. A model or a display is a great choice for the science fair.B. A hypothesis goes before a Question in doing an experiment.C. What tells an experiment from a model is whether to test something.D. The judges will instruct the scientific method before the science fair.62. Who will be most interested in reading this guide?A. Undergraduate students.B. Parents who have young kids.C. Staff working in the science labs.D. Judges invited to a science fair.(C)Getting active in midlife could be as good for you as starting young when it comes to reducing the risk of an early death, researchers have suggested. But experts say the study also shows that the benefits fade once exercise declines.“If you maintain an active lifestyle or participate in some sort of exercise from youth to middle age, you can reduce your risk for dying,” said Dr. Pedro Saint-Maurice, the lead author of the research. “If you are not active and you get to your 40s - 50s and you decide to become active, you can still enjoy a lot of those benefits.”The study was based on data from more than 300,000 Americans aged 50 - 71 who undertook a questionnaire（问卷）in the late-1990s. They were asked to recall the extent of their moderate to vigorous leisure exercise at different stages of their life. Researchers then used national records to track who died in the years up to the end of 2016. After taking into account factors including age, sex, smoking and diet, the team found that those who were exercising into middle age had a lower risk of death than those who had never carried out any leisure exercise. However, when the team looked at different patterns in the way people were active over their life, it found a surprise.Men and women who started exercising at the age of 40 - 50 reduced their risk of death from any cause by about 35%. The benefit was similar to that seen for people who reached and maintained similar activity from their teens or 20s onwards.However, the study found that the protective effect of exercise did not last forever. People whose levels of leisure exercise decreased by middle age had no difference in the risk of an early death to those who had always been couch potatoes. “If you have been active and you slowly decrease your exercise participation as you age, you lose a lot of the benefits that we know are associated with exercise,” Saint - Maurice said.But the study has limitations, including that it is based on individuals recalling how active they were many years before. What’s more, the research looked only at death records, not other aspects of health such as levels of sickness and disease. Nonetheless, he said, the message was positive. “This adds to the growing body of evidence about the importance of physical activity and exercise across he life course, and indicates that it is never too late to start.”63. Which of the following is TRUE about the study?A. The study took about two decades to complete.B. The study involved around 30,000 elderly Americans.C. Questionnaires and interviews were the sources of data.D. The participants in the study took regular physical exercise.64. According to the passage, what does “a surprise” (Para.3) refer to?A. The earlier you exercise, the greater your health benefits will be.B. Participating in exercise from youth to middle age benefits one’s health greatly.C. The benefit of getting active in midlife is similar to that of starting young.D. The benefits of exercising in midlife will decline once you stop exercising.65. It can be inferred from the passage that _________.A. an active lifestyle will not necessarily bring positive health benefits.B. participants’ memories may affect the reliability of the study resultC. people exercising from their teens can maintain health foreverD. women benefit more from vigorous exercise than men do66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Exercise has its limitations, studies showB. Getting active when young, experts suggestC. Health benefits fade with age, doctors warnD. Never too old to start, researchers saySection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Ecotourism can put wild animals at riskEcotourism has become increasingly popular in recent years. _____67_____ There travelers visit natural environments to fund conservation efforts or promote local economies.Now, scientists have analyzed more than 100 research studies on how ecotourism affects wild animals. They find the presence of humans changes the way animals behave, and those changes may put them at risk. Therefore, they concluded that such trips can be harmful to the animals.When animals interact in seemingly kind ways with humans, they may let down their guard. _____68_____. If this transfers to their interactions with predators（捕食者）, they are more likely to be injured or killed.The presence of humans can also discourage natural predators. It creates a kind of safe place for smaller animals that may make them bolder. For example, in Grand Teton National Park, elk and pronghorns in areas with more tourists are less alert and spend more time eating.____69____ “If animals become accustomed to tourists and if tourism practices enhance this taming, we might create unintended consequences - affecting the behavior or population of a species and influencing the species’ function in its community,” the researchers write.Ecotourism has effects similar to those of animal domestication and urbanization. Research has shown that domesticated silver foxes become more obedient and less fearful. Fox squirrels and birds that live in urbanized areas are slower to flee from danger. _____70_____ Scientists hope the new analysis will encourage more research into the interactions between people and wildlife. It is essential to develop further understanding of how various species in various situations respond to human interaction and under what conditions human exposure may place them at risk.Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71. High level of deforestation continuesWe are all aware of the threats our planet is facing. Experts agree that it’s mainly us humans who are responsible for the destruction of the environment. One of the most destructive activities we are carrying out is cutting down forests - deforestation. This is done for many reasons, such as providing wood for fuel, making land available for housing or for crating space for more cattle to graze（吃草）on. This has been most noticeable in Brazil, which is home to the world’s largest rainforest. Deforestation there has hit its highest rate in a decade, according to official data. Overthe course of a year, an area about five times the size of London has been destroyed.The amount of deforestation in the Amazon and in other tropical（热带的）regions has actually seen a decline but the figures are still large. Global Forest Watch say that in 2018, an area equivalent to 30 football fields were cut down every minute. Frances Seymour from the World Resources Institute says that “If you look back over the last 18 years, it is clear that the overall trend is still upwards. We are nowhere near winning this battle.”What’s special about places like the Amazon is that they are primary forests which exist in their original condition with some species of trees dating back thousands of years. This habitat is home to unique and rare animals and is critical for sustaining biodiversity（生物多样性）. The BBC’s environment correspondent, Matt McGrath, says “These old forests really matter as stores of carbon dioxide, which is way the loss of 3.6 million hectares in 2018 is concerning.”Brazil has taken some steps to try and decrease deforestation by introducing government policies including fines for breaking land use regulations and illegal logging. And International campaigns to stop the trade of soy and beef farmed on deforested parts of the Amazon have also had a significant impact.Ⅴ. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 应该高度重视对这种常见病的预防。
2020年上海市嘉定区第二中学高三地理下学期期末试卷含解析
2020年上海市嘉定区第二中学高三地理下学期期末试卷含解析一、选择题(每小题2分，共52分)1. 日晷是我国古代利用日影测得时刻的一种计时仪器，一般由晷针和晷盘组成。
晷针垂直于太阳视运动的轨道平面，上端指向北极星方向。
在晷盘面上刻划出12个大格，每个大格代表两个小时，当太阳光照在日晷上时，晷针的影子就会投向晷盘面，以此来显示时刻。
据此并读图回答5～6题。
5．天津校园内日晷仪晷针的影子，在夏至日晴天时移动的方向应是( )A．由西北逆时针转向东北 B．由西北顺时针转向东北C．由西南逆时针转向东南 D．由西南顺时针转向东南6．若图示日晷仪由天津移至上海使用时，晷盘与地面的夹角应该( )A．增大 B．减小 C．不变 D．按日期作调整参考答案：D A5.夏至日，北半球日出东北方向，日落西北方向。
天津校园内晷针的影子，在日出时应在西南方向，顺时针转动，到日落时位于东南方向，D对。
6.根据材料，晷针上端指向北极星，北极星的视角高度等于当地地理纬度。
上海纬度低，所以晷针与地面夹角应减小。
晷针与晷盘垂直，所以晷盘与地面夹角增大，A对。
2. 著名的“春城”昆明市气候宜人，环境优美，基于这个地理特点，昆明市提出了建设湖滨生态市的发展战略．但是滇池水环境污染问题成为实施这一战略的障碍．回答昆明气候四季如春的决定性因素是A．西南季风的持续影响B．临近滇池和森林植被覆盖率高C．东南季风和西南季风的共同影响 D．比较低的纬度位置和比较高的海拔高度参考答案：D3. 下图中右图表示巨蟒出山风景，它是江西三清山标志性景观，海拔1200余米，相对高度128米，是由风化和重力崩解作用而形成的巨型花岗岩石柱。
左图为地壳物质循环示意。
结合相关知识完成5—6题。
5．形成巨蟒出山风景的岩石属于左图中的A．甲 B．乙 C．丙 D．丁6．该景观形成的地质作用有①岩浆侵入②地壳运动③外力作用④火山喷发A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④D．①③④参考答案：5、B6、A5、左图中的甲为沉积岩(变质岩)、乙为岩浆岩、丙为变质岩(沉积岩)、丁为岩浆。
上海市嘉定区、黄浦区高三地理第二次模拟考试(嘉定黄浦二模)中图版
黄浦区高考模拟考地理试卷答案要点与评分标准一．单项选择题（本大题共50分，每小题2分）题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13答案 B B D C D A B D D A C D A题号14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25答案 C D B A B B C B C A C C二．综合分析题（本大题共100分）（考生回答合理，可酌情给分）（十一）（10分）26．该地处在非洲板块与亚欧板块交界处，在相互挤压碰撞过程中形成高大山脉。
（2分）27．夏季炎热干燥，冬季温和多雨地中海受副热带高气压和西风带交替控制（5分）28．大西洋地中海/西东海水密度/盐度/海区水位高低（3分）（十二）（13分）29．华北平原文化四合院（式方整院落）（2分）30．地理位置优越，海陆交通便利1分；周边自然资源丰富，有丰富的石油、海盐等矿产资源1分；处在京津唐工业区内，自身工业基础雄厚1分；与韩国、等东北亚经济强国隔海相望，便于经济交往1分（至少从三方面答题3分）31．地势平坦、海滩(滩涂)广阔；日照充足，风多雨少，蒸发旺盛（2分）32．RS 遥感（1分）33．渔业养殖、旅游、生态保护等方面均受到严重影响2分渤海的水域面积较小，水体深度较浅；没有较大的洋流经过；渤海水域属于半封闭海区，相对闭塞，水体的交换和更新速度慢3分（5分）（十三）（17分）34．4%（40‰）（1分）35．青岛广州人口结构人口生活水平（4分）36．小人口（严重）老龄化/人口自然增长为负增长（2分）37．深圳目前的人口压力在十所城市中处在中等水平状况1分；深圳的人口压力主要来源于其较高的人口生存空间压力，表现在人口密度处在最高位置1分；但其人口结构压力和人口生活水平压力处在较小的位置（或少儿和老年负担系数较低，城市居民人均消费支出多）2分郑州目前的人口压力在十所城市中处在高位1分；郑州在人口结构压力、人口生活水平压力两方面都表现出较高的压力（或少儿和老年负担系数较高，城乡居民人均消费支出少）2分（7分）38．深圳在今后需重点关注人口密度过大带来的交通及住房等问题1分；郑州应大力发展经济提高居民收入水平1分，以及人口出生率较高（人口增长率较高、劳动力不足）等问题1分（3分）（十四）（18分）39．冬季气温略低，夏季气温较高；气温年较差较大（1分）40．B处大于A处，理由：B处海拔较高，易形成地形雨。
上海市嘉定区2019-2020学年第二次中考模拟考试地理试卷含解析
上海市嘉定区2019-2020学年第二次中考模拟考试地理试卷一、选择题（本题包括25个小题，每小题2分，共50分．在每个小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
）1．我国最大的城市，也是我国最重要的综合性工业城市是（）A．北京B．上海C．香港D．重庆【答案】B【解析】【分析】【详解】优越的位置，便利的交通，广阔的腹地，使上海发展成我国最大的城市，也是我国最重要的综合性工业城市．故选B。
2．与长江三角洲相比，珠江三角洲区域发展的优势是（）A．科技力量极为雄厚B．地形平坦，土壤较为肥沃C．国家政策大力扶持D．毗邻港澳，很多地方是侨乡【答案】D【解析】【详解】与长江三角洲相比，珠江三角洲区域发展的优势是毗邻港澳，很多地方是侨乡，两大工业基地都科技力量极为雄厚，地形平坦，土壤较为肥沃，都有国家政策大力扶持，故选D。
【点睛】本题主要考查了我国的工业基地，考查了学生对基本地理知识的记忆能力。
3．地球表面海洋和陆地的比例是（）A．各占二分之一B．三分之二海洋C．三分陆地七分海洋D．四分之一陆【答案】C【解析】【分析】【详解】地球上海陆分布很不均匀，百分之七十一是海洋覆盖，百分之二十九是陆地，有“三分陆地、七分海洋”的说法，故选C。
4．读图，下列关于俄罗斯自然环境的叙述，正确的是（）①西部以平原为主②东部多高原、山地③叶尼塞河、勒拿河等大多数河流注入太平洋④由于纬度较高，俄罗斯大部分地区冬季寒冷而漫长，夏季温暖而短促A．①②③B．②③④C．①③④D．①②④【答案】D【解析】【详解】关于俄罗斯的说法，西部以平原为主，东部多高原、山地，叶尼塞河、勒拿河等大多数河流自南向北注入北冰洋，由于纬度较高，俄罗斯大部分地区冬季寒冷而漫长，夏季温暖而短促，故选D。
5．读图，回答下面小题。
1．我国领土最西端在（）A．漠河以北的黑龙江主航道的中心线上B．南沙群岛的曾母暗沙C．新疆的帕米尔高原上D．黑龙江与乌苏里江主航道中心线的相交处2．我国南北跨纬度（）A．约50°B．约69°C．约80°D．约57°3．当我国东部乌苏里江上旭日东升时，西部帕米尔高原却是繁星满天。
2020年上海地理等级考二模附答案解析
目录1.嘉定——————————————————————12.徐汇——————————————————————1-23.普陀——————————————————————24.静安——————————————————————35.长宁——————————————————————36.黄浦——————————————————————3-47.青浦——————————————————————48.金山——————————————————————4-59.闵行——————————————————————510.奉贤——————————————————————5-611.宝山——————————————————————612.崇明——————————————————————613.浦东——————————————————————714.杨浦——————————————————————72020二模题型整理嘉定安徽地质灾害：地质灾害分布规律——此题表格已给出，按表格答什么灾害分布于哪里塌陷原因——人为挖矿导致的矿洞多，塌陷主要是地下土层出现空洞导致滑坡原因——地形(山体断层构造，山体陡峭，表面风化程度高，土层厚)气候（位于季风区，降水集中雨量大）一定要提到集中人为（建设与生活，破坏山地）防治灾害措施——监测防灾意识法律法规贵州城市产业结构升级：城市化现状与三大产业发展描述——按着表格将贵州的整体与各个产业及产业人员比重与全国进行比较支柱产业特征及对城市化发展影响——由题可列举支柱产业，特征即为产品的附加值高低；必须提到对劳动力吸纳能力低，对城市化拉动作用弱发展社会经济优势条件与制约条件——从气候，交通，资源；制约方面大部分从劳动力素质这方面来答可持续发展合理性——合理性的答题模板是先说明当地的受限因素，然后列举他的措施，分析他利用了什么，发展了什么，克服了之前的受限因素，所以合理，另外，此题因为是可持续发展，所以尽量从经济社会生态三方面答汉江治理：水文特征——径流量,含沙量，汛期、结冰期、水能资源根据题目内容进行回答水资源变化对环境影响（整体性）——水资源减少然后从人文与自然两方面答，人为主要是用水紧张，航运；自然包括水质，生物，气候流域治理评价——此题主要是答水土流失的原因及地区，由表可知上游落差大且流域面积广，最后进行总结区域发展措施合理性——从经济社会生态三方面答，按合理性的模板徐汇四川脱贫：垂直地带性及其自然带丰富成因——两方面，一是地带性成因（套话），二是为什么丰富（纬度低，相对高度大）；泥石流灾害原因——由上到下：气候，地形，地质结构，植被扶贫政策合理性——先说明其限制因素，然后政策解决合理，主要从地形带来的不便，以及自然灾害的威胁回答可持续发展建议——从经济社会生态三方面答，围绕题目本身，尽量提及题目关键字词温州产业结构：产业结构变化特点——列举三大产业的变化趋势，说明他是什么类型，最好提到最后它是以第几产业为主导产业产业转移原因——说明转入地也就是湖北的区位优势，从自然和人文两方面产业转移影响——对转入地：加快城市化发展；增加就业机会；有利于当地产业结构优化升级等，主要从社会和经济两方面回答对转出地：产业优化转型，也可从环境方面回答集聚好处——降低成本，交流协作，品牌效应中巴合作能源工程：能源辨析——水能是常规能源，其他应该很好分辨工程困难辨析——从气候，自然灾害，空间跨度，工程量，地形回答；工程优势条件——社会经济角度：技术人口市场政策开展工程原因及可持续发展意义——这种调配能源主要是因为资源的生产与消费存在差异，然后描述生产地他的资源多，消费地的需求量大，总之体现出供需不平衡的状态可持续发展意义：从经济：资源转经济，社会：就业，基建，生态：能源消费结构及环境污染方面；因为此题是能源调配所以最好分为输入地和输出地回答普陀中美自然带气候差异对比：气候类型及成因——分别列举两地气候及成因自然带类型判读——建议熟背美国气候分布自然带分异规律及成因——此题分值较大，需写到从沿海到内陆（降水量差异）以及垂直地带性（海拔升高）两个及成因青藏高原建设不利条件——含氧量，冻土（可与气候一起写），自然灾害，生态环境,从中科合作研究科特迪瓦：降水量分布特点——此题无降水量分布图需自行判断（根据夏季风判断）点到由南到北减少即可降水量大原因——气压带风带移动；气候特征；洋流农业地域类型判读及有利条件——根据题目关键词“热带经济作物”可知为热带种植园农业，然后分析区位两国合作意义——对科特迪瓦（国内方面的经济社会）对中国（国际方面的市场与经济）贵州产业结构发展：地形地势特点——地形以什么为主，列举地形；然后地势就是哪里高哪里低石漠化原因——分自然与人为，自然主要是答类似喀斯特成因，人为主要答类似荒漠化原因，此题需准确辨析石漠化（结合材料一）产业发展区位——结合贵州省的气候，地形，资源，地理位置产业结构特点及可持续发展建议——结构类型及贵州与全国的比较经济：特色农产品，承接产业转移，新兴产业，旅游业；社会：就业生态：石漠化与水土流失静安从中秘合作看秘鲁：降水量分布特点——由哪里到哪里降水量变化状况洋流对自然环境影响——气候，生物（渔场），植被景观雨林的环境效益——净化大气；调节气候；涵养水源；固碳释氧；保持水土；防风固沙；生物多样性工程原因与影响——同徐汇区中巴合作最后一题欧洲分析：水文特征——径流量,含沙量，汛期、结冰期、水能资源两地积雪期比较——先比较长短，然后从海陆位置，大气环流，地形地势航运价值及工业区位分析——航运价值：降水量大；径流量大；径流季节变化小；流经平原，水流平缓；市场广阔工业区位：原料能源，工业基础，劳动力，交通农业地域类型判读及农业区位分析——熟记各地农业地域类型，然后农业区位福建自然灾害：滑坡，泥石流灾害次数变化原因——此题从气候及雨带推移分析降水量降水量分布特点及原因——空间分布不均（套话，建议答分布特点都写上）然后从哪里到哪里降水量的变化状况；原因：答降水量多少的原因无非就是风和地形地震原因——地震带与板块边界地质灾害分布特点及预防措施——将两张图对比分析，哪些灾害在哪里；监测防灾意识加固山体长宁南美湿地及农业：湿地成因——盆地（汇水面积大）；降水量；河水泛滥；生物涵养水源大气环流对河流影响——分析热带稀树草原气候的整体分湿季与干季具体分析农业地域类型判读及特点——牧场畜牧业的特点农业发展的影响（整体性）——湿地，土壤，河流，生物，气候吉林长白山分析：自然带类型判读——熟悉世界自然带分布地域分异类型判读——垂直地带性及成因苔原带形成原因——自然带形成原因一般从纬度，地形，土壤，大气环流此题无洋流判断泥石流灾害原因——山体陡峭，表面风化程度，气候，地形，地质结构，植被中意合作：岩石类型判读及成因——变质岩成因及特点农业区位条件——首先找出粮食作物的区域，从气候与灌溉水源回答，需要分析地中海气候的两面性及灌溉水源的补给社会经济角度分析区位——技术与交通（结合题目信息）工程布局合理性——从交通便利性（地形）及发展方向，工业发展需求，市场广阔；同时与将南方与北方做比较，突出北方的合理黄浦俄罗斯分析：地理位置判读——东西南北的地理事物，纬度，海陆位置（尽量将图中信息写完整）自然资源特点——总量，种类，人均，分布，进出口工业空间布局特点——分布形状，分布地区，沿河或交通；原因：能源丰富；工业类型中俄合作意义——你有什么，有的是什么类型的，缺什么，我有什么，有的是什么类型的，缺什么，互补性，市场广寒潮分析：我国受寒潮影响地区——看图回答，一一列举寒潮特点——联系冷暖锋地域文化——熟记地域文化特点并与题目联系寒潮预防措施——监测防灾意识法律法规（保障体系）生态建设西南地区水电发展：地貌形成判读——内因与外因产业发展区位优势——联系题目信息（多样性——特色农业）（自然景观——山地旅游）工程对经济，生态环境影响——资源转经济；生物，环境，灾害可持续发展理解——地理拓展分册多看青浦甘肃水资源分析：地形成因——位于三大自然区交汇地带，兼具三大自然区地理特征（个人建议将图片中的地形写上）水资源缺乏原因——气候，地形地势，环境问题水资源缺乏对城市化影响——联系水资源是决定人口容量的关键因素；以及产业发展用水水资源缺乏解决措施——成立专门管理机构，健全法规，完善管理；水利建设，开发水电；优化流域产业结构；注重城市乡村均衡发展；推广节水技术，提高水资源利用率；限制高耗水产业发展；注意生态保护，防治水资源污染；新疆产业发展：分析示意图——联系气温的变化带来放牧海拔的差别产业主导因素——地形，从图可以看出牧场是在不同海拔的山地上进行变化的，一切的前提是地形的变化。