CDP中国报告2011(摘要)

碳信息披露项目（CDP）中国报告 2011 摘要报告撰写代表全球资产管理总额达71万亿美元的551家机构投资者2011年，碳信息披露项目（CDP）代表资产管理总额超过71万亿美元的全球551家机构投资者，向全球3000多家上市公司发出问卷，鼓励其披露应对气候变化的战略和自身温室气体排放数据。

这是CDP 第9次在全球范围内开展此项调查，也是连续第4年在中国开展调查。

在中国，兴业银行连续四年，兴业全球基金管理有限公司和国信证券连续两年，作为联署投资机构，支持CDP 项目。

商道纵横作为CDP 2011的中国执行机构，连续第4年向中国100家市值最大的上市企业发出碳信息披露问卷。

最终，11家上市公司填写了问卷，35家提供了相关信息 。

这是历年来中国企业CDP 参与度最高的一次，提供信息的企业数量显著增加。

但是，填写问卷的企业数量则有所下降。

减排目标和排放数据等量化数据仍然在企业回答信息中严重缺失。

企业更加关注新技术，以促进自身节能减排。

山西同世达煤化工集团、神华集团在高碳能源低碳利用方面进行积极探索，并已经取得阶段性成果。

神华集团和华能集团在CCS 技术领域取得突破性进展，为该技术的未来发展和产业化奠定良好的基础。

碳金融继续创新发展。

浦发银行、民生银行、兴业银行等7家银行开始积极发展碳金融业务，探索多样化的融资模式。

兴业银行、招商银行、中国光大银行等已经纷纷推出低碳理财产品。

碳交易市场曙光可期。

无论是国务院通过的《关于加快培育和发展战略性新兴产业的决定》，还是“十二五”规划，都明确提及逐步建立碳排放交易市场。

中国还将尽快出台《中国温室气体自愿减排交易活动管理办法（暂行）》，可以预计碳交易在“十二五”期间将得到进一步发展。

在政策的积极推动下，中国企业也通过具体行动践行节能减排和低碳转型。

一些行业领先的企业起着良好的表率作用。

随着极端天气事件日益频繁，以及发达国家要求发展中国家承担更多减排义务的呼声渐涨，减缓和适应气候变化、进行低碳转型，成为中国实现可持续发展的必然途径。

节能减排迎来新契机。

中国政府出台的气候变化政策文件涵盖节能减排、新能源、低碳城市建设、碳排放交易等重要领域。

一系列节能减排的重大政策文件也将随之出台，节能减排指标分解，相关统计、监测和考核体系建立等工作将逐步得到落实。

强调新能源产业理性发展。

“十二五”规划纲要明确提出，到2015年非化石能源必须占一次能源消费比重的11.4%。

该约束性指标更清楚地表明了中国发展新能源的决心。

新能源产业发展的风向标正经历由追求“量”到重视“质”的转变。

低碳城市建设处于试点摸索阶段。

各地争相提出“低碳城市”口号。

基础性工作，如对能源消耗和温室气体排放的统计和调查，制定低碳发展规划等，正在逐步受到重视。

1.相关信息包括：企业关于应对气候变化、节能减排、环境治理方面的政策和措施、企业环境报告或企业社会责任报告等。

1 碳盘查日益受到关注。

瑞安房地产有限公司和伊利集团均在2011年初完成了自主碳盘查，并接受了第三方审核机构的审验。

绿色供应链有益尝试。

宝钢于2008年推出《绿色采购行动计划》，试图将低碳、环境保护思维融入供应链各环节中，成为国内钢铁行业绿色采购的先行者。

2011年3月，宝钢发布中国钢铁行业首个《绿色采购指南》。

中国民间应对气候变化力量日渐成熟，付出的努力可圈可点。

除了以往的宣传活动，民间组织积极参与低碳研究工作，更为专业和深入。

一些民间组织开始与行业领先企业开展合作，以促进整个行业的低碳实践。

此外，中国媒体在推动低碳社会和企业建设方面也塑造了良好的舆论氛围，利用多种形式进行相关报导，并以自身的力量发起应对气候变化的各类活动。

结论与展望中国政府出台了一系列应对气候变化的政策，覆盖节能减排、新能源、低碳城市、碳排放交易等领域。

这些政策开始更多地落向实处，特别是碳强度作为约束性指标纳入“十二五”规划，充分体现了中国政府积极应对气候变化的决心。

中国企业对 CDP 的回应率达到4年最高，但填写问卷的企业较2010年有所下降。

一方面反映出企业在公开信息、与利益相关方沟通方面更为积极和透明；同时也反映出企业在碳数据方面的缺憾。

对样本企业CSR 报告进行研究的结果表明，企业应对气候变化的态度日趋积极，主要体现在：对气候变化的了解与认知程度不断增加；从战略高度逐步建立气候变化治理机制；开展更多具体行动；关于能源消耗量和温室气体减排量数据的披露有所提高。

92%的样本企业披露了应对气候变化的具体行动，主要包括节能项目、新能源、碳交易、绿色投资、公益项目和绿色办公六个方面。

其中提及最多的是节能项目，占63%；28%的报告提到清洁能源和可再生能源的开发与利用；10%提到绿色投资项目；41%和46%的报告分别提到公益项目和绿色办公。

只有5家企业在CSR 报告中披露了减排目标，但高达70%的企业披露了以能源消耗量、温室气体减排量等为主的量化信息，高于2010年的60%；只有6家企业在披露这些量化信息时，注明了数据收集或计算方法；没有企业就披露的相关数据和信息进行第三方审核。

CDP 问卷分析2011年，在100家受邀参与CDP 2011问卷调查的中国企业中，46%的企业对CDP 进行了积极回应，其中11家企业填写了问卷，35家提供相关信息，39家没有回复，15家拒绝参与。

11家填写问卷的企业：分布在7个行业，银行业有4家企业填写问卷，在绝对数量上居首。

在贸易公司与经销商、酒店、餐饮与休闲、金属与采矿、金融服务、建筑材料、化学制品、航空、工业集团企业等行业，没有企业对CDP 做出积极回应。

64%（7家）的企业表示由董事会指定的个人或委员会承担气候变化职责的最高管理工作；82%（9家）的企业表示会提供相应的个人绩效激励机制进行气候变化问题管理。

64%（7家）的企业表示已经将管理气候变化风险和机遇整合入公司识别经营风险和机遇的内部风险管理系统; 73%（8家）的企业表示已经将应对气候变化融入公司商业战略中。

在减排目标方面，27%（3家）的企业表示设立了强度目标，1家企业设立了绝对目标，45%（5家）没有制定目标。

但在设立目标的企业中，没有企业给出温室气体范畴、减排目标、基准年、基准年排放量、目标年和完成进度等全面信息。

55%（6家）的企业表示识别了气候变化带来的法规机遇，如未来关于产品能效和标准政策的出台有利于推动企业提高现有产品或服务的质量，拓展业务范围，提升竞争力；27%（3家）的企业认为气候变化为其带来了有形机遇；18%（2家）的企业表示自身面临着气候变化带来的其他机遇。

只有27%（3家）的企业表示采用了相关核算标准对温室气体排放进行数据搜集和计算。

这3家企业分别采用了IS014064-1，美国能源学会SANGEA 排放数据管理系统，以及中国公司节能减排管理项目。

只有27%（3家）的企业提供了范畴1直接温室气体排放数据，9%（1家）的企业提供了范畴2间接温室气体排放数据；只有9%（1家）的企业表示已经完成了对范畴1排放的验证或审验工作，1家企业表示正处于对范畴1排放进行验证或审验进程中。

55%（6家）的企业认为自身面临气候变化带来的法规风险，如国际气候制度中CDM 规则的改变、限制温室气体排放的规定、燃料税/能源税/碳税的征收等；分别有27%（3家）的企业认为自身面临气候变化带来的有形风险和其他风险。

CSR 报告分析2011年，中国企业共发布了703份企业社会责任（CSR）报告，“节能减排”和“绿色办公”是企业披露最多的环境信息。

通过对CDP 2011中国100样本发布的CSR 报告中关于气候变化、节能减排的信息进行梳理和分析，有助于对CDP 问卷分析进行补充，更全面地了解中国企业在气候变化和低碳实践方面的最新进展。

2011年，CDP 2011中国100样本企业中共有71家公司发布了CSR 报告，87%的报告明确提及气候变化，该比例较往年有明显提升。

其中，73%的报告设置了与气候变化相关的专门章节，32%的报告在领导辞中提到气候变化相关信息。

样本企业对气候变化的认知仍停留在概念陈述层面，对风险和机遇的认识普遍不足。

只有20%的报告提到了风险，与2010年的19%基本持平；只有7%的报告提到了气候变化带来的机遇。

中国样本企业在战略上日益重视系统应对气候变化。

15%（11家）的企业成立了专门应对气候变化和节能减排的治理机构或领导机构；23%（16家）的企业披露了气候变化绩效考核及激励机制；23%（16家）的企业披露了应对气候变化风险的方法体系。

中国企业对风险与机遇的认识仍然不足。

相关政策引起的风险是企业最为关注的，也是现阶段推动大多数企业应对气候变化的主要动力。

明确的减排目标可以作为衡量企业是否将减排融入战略管理的标准之一。

中国企业已经逐步意识到对温室气体排放进行量化和管理，但大多数企业还没有形成清晰的减排目标和规划。

“十二五”规划及今后更多具体政策的出台，将推动越来越多的企业采取更多切实行动应对气候变化。

“建立碳排放交易市场”已经明确提出，对于即将进入碳排放交易试点体系的企业而言，未来几年对企业自身进行全面的碳盘查是必然趋势和基本要求。

我们强调投资者推动上市企业应对气候变化的重要性。

目前，投资者还没有有效地参与到CDP 中国项目中。

我们期待并鼓励国内和国外更多的投资者加入到CDP 中国项目，在中国积极应对气候变化政策的环境下，共同推动中国企业取得更多实质性进步。

摘 要中国应对气候变化支持机构Carbon Disclosure Projectinfo@ +44 (0) 20 7970 商道纵横CDP@ +86 10 （Supporting Organizations ）China and Climate ChangeAs there are more and more extreme weather events and developed countries areincreasingly requiring developing countries to take on more responsibility for emissionsreductions, it is an inevitable trend for China to mitigate and adapt to climate change and achieve a sustainable, low-carbon economyNew opportunities for energy savings and emission reduction. The Chinese government has enacted a series of policies and regulations to specify targets in, amongst others, thefollowing areas: energy savings and emissions reductions, new energy development, low-carbon city construction and carbon trading. This should enable enhancedstatistical, monitoring and review systems.In 2011, the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) sent its annual information request to over 3,000 listed companies on behalf of 551 institutional investors with US$71 trillion of assets under management to encourage them to report on their strategies about climate change and their Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. It is the ninth consecutive year that CDP has sent the annual information request to companies globally, and the fourth in China. SynTao, the local agent for CDP 2011 in China, has been facilitating the engagement with the 100 largest listed Chinese companies based on market capitalization for four consecutive years; China Industrial Bank has supported CDP as a signatory investor since its inception (in this region), while Aegon-Industrial FundManagement CO., Ltd. and Guosen Securities supported it for the past two years.Eleven companies responded to the information request in 2011and 35 companies provided relevant information although did not fill out theCDP questionnaire directly . The response ratefor the China 100 has dropped slightly this year (11% in 2011 compared to 13% in 2010), and quantitative information such as emissions reduction targets and GHG emissions data are still quite limited in companies’ responses. However, the number of companies that have provided some information, although not filling out the CDP questionnaire directly, hasincreased drastically this year; hopefully, this willingness to provide at least some information will translate into full responses in 2012.Carbon Disclosure Projectinfo@ +44 (0) 20 7970 Report written for Carbon Disclosure Project by:On behalf of 551 investors with assets of US$71 trillionHighlighting rational development of new energy industry. The 12th Five Year Plan states that by 2015 renewable energy must account for 11.4% of the primary energyconsumption. Such a binding target indicates China’s growing determination in developing clean energies and may indicate the turning point for a new energy development in China. The “Low-carbon city” development is still at a trial stage. Many cities across China have been advocating the concept oflow-carbon cities. Some fundamental work in certain cities, such as measuring energy consumption and GHG emissions and the planning of low-carbon development etc. has been undertaken and is attracting more and more attention.Promising future for carbon trading. Both the Decision on Speeding up theFostering and Development of the Emerging Strategic Industries issued by the State Council and the 12th Five Year Plan have made it clear that China will gradually build a carbon trading market. In addition, China will soon release the Regulations on Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Emission Trading Activities in China(Temporary). The carbon trading market is expected to become more active andprosperous during the 12th Five Year Plan period.Under the active encouragement of the above policies, Chinese companies have adopted practical measures to carry out energy savings and emissions reductions as well as moving towards a low-carbon transformation. Some leading companies have set good examples. Companies focus more on newtechnologies to promote energy savings and emissions reductions. Shanxi Town Star Group and Shenhua Group have been actively exploring lower usage of carbon-intensive energy sources and have already made some periodic achievements. Shenhua Group and Huaneng Group have made breakthroughs in Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)technologies which consist of capturing carbon dioxide and storing it safely, thereby laying a solid foundation for further research and development.Carbon finance continues its innovative development. Seven banks including the Shanghai Pudong Development Bank, China Minsheng Banking Corporation and China Industrial Bank have started carbon-related financial services to explore diversifiedfinancing models. China Industrial Bank, China Merchants Bank and China EverBright Bank, amongst others, have already launched low-carbon asset management products. Carbon inventory increasingly comes into the spotlight. Shui On Land Real EstateLimited and Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group have conducted independent carboninventories in 2011 and have had their data verified by an independent third party .Encouraging developments for improving sustainability throughout the supply chain. Baosteel became the leader in green purchasing in the Chinese iron and steel industry by revealing its Green Purchasing Action Plan in 2008, which is an attempt to incorporate low-carbon and environmentalprotection concepts into the various links of the supply chain. In March 2011, Baosteel issued the Green Purchasing Guide, the first of its kind in the Chinese iron and steel industry. Meanwhile, civil efforts to address climate change continue to develop.Apart from awareness raising and advocating low-carbon development, some civilorganizations have become more engaged in this area, by actively participating in low-carbon research. Some NGOs started to cooperate with leading companies to enhance low-carbon practices throughout the whole industry. Furthermore, the Chinese media have also fostered a good environment for the promotion of a low-carbon society by reporting related issues and organizing various activities to address climate change.Responses AnalysisIn 2011, 11 of the 100 largest Chinesecompanies by market capitalization responded to the information request. Thirty-fivecompanies provided relevant information, 39 companies did not respond and 15 companies declined to participate.Among the 11 responding companies that answered the questionnaire:The banking industry takes the lead with four responding companies, although companies from seven industries in total answered. Contrastingly, industries including TradingCompanies & Distributors, Hotels, Restaurants & Leisure, Metals & Mining, Financial Services, Construction Materials, Chemicals, Airlines, and Industrial Conglomerates etc. did not respond to CDP .64% (7) of respondents reveal that thehighest level of direct responsibility for climate change lies with individuals or committees appointed by the Board of Directors and 82% (9) of companies provide incentives for the management of climate change.64% (7) of companies incorporate themanagement of climate change related risks and opportunities into the internal riskmanagement system. 73% (8) of companies incorporate climate change into their business strategies.27% (3) of respondents have set intensity emissions reduction targets; one company has set an absolute target while 45% (5) have not set any targets. However, among thecompanies that have targets, none has specified the scope the GHG emissions reduction targets refer to, the base year, baseline emissions, target year and the progress.55% (6) of companies believe they are confronted with regulatory risks caused by climate change such as changes in theinternational Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), the restrictions on GHG emissions, the collection of fuel, energy and carbon taxes; 27% (3) think they are facing tangible other risks related to climate change.55% (6) of respondents have identified regulatory opportunities related to climate change: the implementation of policies about the energy efficiency of products and standards will help companies improve the quality of their existing products or services, expand their business, and enhance their competitiveness. 27% (3) believe climate change has brought along tangible opportunities for them. 18% (2) report that they are facing other opportunities generated by climate change.Only 27% (3) of companies refer to thestandards, protocols or methodologies used to calculate their Scope 1 and Scope 2 GHGemissions. These three companies applied the IS014064-1, the SANGEA emissions estimating system of the US Petroleum Institute, and the Chinese Companies Energy Savings and Emissions Reduction Management Project respectively. The seven other companies did not answer this particular question.Only 27% (3) of companies provide data for their Scope 1 emissions (direct greenhouse gas emissions). One company provides data for Scope 2 emissions (indirect GHG emissions); and only one company is verifying or assuring their Scope 1 emissions.CSR Report AnalysisIn 2011, Chinese companies issued 703corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports in which energy saving and emissions reductions and green office are mostly covered. Bycombining and analyzing the information about climate change, energy savings and emissions reductions in the CSR reports released by the 100 sample companies in CDP 2011, we can add further insight into the analysis of the this year’s responses and in turn better understand the latest progress made by Chinesecompanies in climate change mitigation and low-carbon practices.In 2011, 71 companies out of the China 100 published CSR reports, among which 87%mention climate change, a remarkable increase compared to previous years. 73%of thesereports devote a chapter to climate change and 32% touch upon climate change in the CEO/Chairman addresses at the very beginning of the report.. 92%of the 71 sample companies disclose their actions in addressing climate change in their CSR reports which mainly cover six aspects including: energy saving projects, clean energy, carbon trading, greeninvestment, philanthropy projects and green office. The most frequently covered theme is “energy saving projects”, accounting for 63% of methods. 28% of reports mention the development and utilization of renewable energy; 10% touch upon green investments; 41% and 46% include philanthropy projects and green office respectively.Only five companies disclose emissionsreduction targets in their CSR reports while up to 70% of companies report such quantitative information as energy consumption andreduction of GHG emissions;(an increase from 60% in 2010). Only six companies specify their methods applied for data collection orcalculation when reporting such quantitative information. No company had its data and information verified by a third party.Conclusion and OutlookThe Chinese government has promulgated a series of policies to address climate change, covering, amongst them energy savings and emissions reductions, new energy, low-carbon city and carbon trading. These policies are starting to be implemented. In particular, the inclusion of carbon intensity into the 12th Five Year Plan as a binding requirement, demonstrates the determination of the government to actively respond to climate change.Fewer companies completed CDP’squestionnaire in 2011 than the previous year although a record number of companiesprovided information. As Chinese companies are becoming increasingly active andtransparent in interacting with stakeholders and publicizing their information more mayExecutive Summaryrealize the advantages of quantifying and disclosing their carbon data through CDP’s reporting platform in the future.According to the sample companies’ CSR reports, Chinese companies are becoming increasingly positive in their attitudes towards climate change. Specifically, theirunderstanding and perception of climate change has deepened; they are gradually establishing climate change governance systems on a strategic level and they have organized more concrete activities in this regard; and their reporting of energyconsumption and GHG emissions reduction data is improving.Chinese companies’ understanding of risks and opportunities is still inadequate. They are mostly concerned with the risks generated by relevant policies, and regulatory risk remains the major motivation for most companies to address climate change.Clear-cut emissions reduction targets may reveal if a company has incorporated emissions reductions into its strategicmanagement. Although Chinese companies have gradually realized the need to quantify and manage GHG emissions, most still have no clear emissions reduction targets.The instigation of the 12th Five Year Plan and more specific policies will encourage more and more companies to take concrete actions to address climate change. Plans to establish a carbon “Emissions Trading Market” has already made it clear that it will become an inevitable trend and a basic requirement for companies to conduct a comprehensive carbon inventory.We deem it important for the investors to urge listed companies to address climatechange. In 2011, however, only three Chinese investors (out of 551 investors globally) are signatories to CDP , thereby representing the authority behind the request for information. Given the context of a national move towards addressing climate change, more Chinese and foreign investors are expected andencouraged to urge Chinese companies to make more substantial progress.1 Chinese sample companies are increasingly considering the importance of addressing climate change issues in their CSR reports. 15% (11) of the 71 companies haveestablished governance or leadership teams to address climate change, energy savings and emissions reductions. 16 companies disclose their climate change performance assessment and incentive systems; 23% (16) report their methodologies and systems to address climate change risks.1. Relevant information includes information on corporate strategies, GHG emissions accounting, Corporate Environmental Reports/CSRReports/Sustainable Development Reports related to climate change, energy savings, emissions reductions and environmental management etc.SynTao Co., Ltd.CDP@ +86 10 The 71 companies are still confined toconceptual descriptions in their understanding of climate change and many lack introducing its potential risks and opportunities. Only 20% of their reports mention risks, similar to the 19% that did so in 2010; only 7% of the reports from companies across four industries (including transportation, banking, clothes and information technologies) touch upon opportunities generated by climate change.CDP China 100Executive Summary 2011。