江苏大学_243英语(二外)2013--2017_考研真题／硕士研究生入学考试试题
2017年江苏大学_243英语二外考研真题_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
2017年江苏大学243英语（二外）考研真题(总分100, 做题时间160分钟)Part Ⅰ WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the topic Free Admission to Museums. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese and write **position in the corresponding place on your Answer Sheet.The Chinese government has announced new policies to help students-turned village officials(大学生村官)to develop their career, in an effort to sustain the program that recruits college graduates to work in rural areas. This has led to a heated debate as to whether college graduates should work in rural areas(乡村地区).Write a composition of 150~180words on the following topic:Should College Students work in Rural Areas?You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state clearly what your point of view is.In the second part, support your point of view with appropriate reasons.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 15答案:Should College Students work in Rural Areas?There is a common phenomenon in recent years that an increasing number of students are willing to go to rural areas to put their knowledge into practical use. Besides, the Chinese government has announced new policies to help students- turned village officials develop their career, in an effort to sustain the program that recruits college graduates to work in rural areas. This has aroused a heated debate as to whether college graduates should work in rural areas. When it comes to this problem, different people havedifferent opinions. As far as I am concerned, it is a good thing tosend college students to work in rural areas. The reasons are as follows.In the first place, it can ease employment pressures because China now is facing a severe employment crisis. What’s more, it can enhance the development of rural areas. Last but not least, it can cultivate undergraduate students’ spirit of work hard and perseverance, especially those from urban areas.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that sending college students to work in rural areas is beneficial to both the country and individuals. So we ourselves as college students should support these new policies the government has announced.Part Ⅱ Vocabulary and GrammarDirections: There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that **pletes the sentence.1.With the ________ of Mary, all the girl students are eager to go to the party.SSS_SINGLE_SELAexhibitionBexceptionCexceptDreception该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:B句意：除了玛丽，所有女生都渴望参加聚会。
江苏大学2013英语论文写作-研究生英语复习_2 (1)
考试题型：一．回答问题二．文体对比三．语篇分析四．语篇改写Unit 11. Classification of Professional PapersA professional paper is a formal printed document in which professionals present their views andresearch findings on any deliberately chosen topicReport Paper---The report paper summarizes and reports the findings of author(s) on a particular subject Research Paper--A research paper can be intelligent, well-informed, interesting, and original in its conclusionsCourse Paper--a course paper mainly refers to the paper written after a specific course is learned or at the end of the term.Thesis Paper (Dissertation)---A thesis paper is usually written and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MA or MS (or Ph.D) in a specific discipline.2. General Characteristics of English Academic Writing StyleGenerally, English Academic writing:●is complex--Written language is relatively more complex than spoken language ,lexical words●is formal--Academic writing is relatively formal. Formal writing doesn’t use co ntractions, orcolloquialisms and slang.●is impersonal and objective--Written language is in general objective rather than personal. Ittherefore has fewer words that refer to the writer or the reader. This means that the mainemphasis should be on the information that you want to give and the arguments you want tomake, rather than you.●is explicit--Academic writing is explicit about the relationships in the text. Furthermore, it isthe responsibility of the writer in English to make it clear to the reader how the various partsof the text are related●Is accurate--Academic writing uses vocabulary accurately. Most subjects have words withnarrow specific meanings.●is cautious or tentative--●is responsible---Academic writing refers to information which must be clearly referenced inyour text.Page 3:Read the following two passages and try to find out the stylistic features of each.(1): subjective, informal---(2): objective, formal-Unit 2 . Title, Author/Affiliation and Keywords1. General functions2 Linguistic FeaturesA. Using More Nouns, Noun Phrases and Gerunds(动名词)The words or phrases used in a title are very often nouns, noun phrases or gerunds, nominalization, which usually are keywords for the paper, having the ability to sum up the whole text.For example, we may easily find such titles as:(1) Civilization's Source and Its Implication.(2) A Multi-perspective Account of Met linguistic Negation.(3) Research on the Motivations of Lexis and Vocabulary Learning Strategies.B. Using Incomplete SentencesA title is just a label of appellation of the paper, reflecting the main idea of the content, so evenwhen there is a need to give a title in the form of a sentence, it does not need to be a complete sentenceKeywords2 Linguistic FeaturesA. NominalizationKeywords are usually used in the form of nouns, not verbs. For example, ―investigation‖ is used instead of ―investigate‖; ―fabricate‖ should be replaced by ―fabrication‖; and ―educate‖ ought to be replaced by ―education.‖B. Limited NumberThe number of the keywords for a paper should be limited. Four to six keywords are the average. In general, there should be at least 2 and at most 8.C. Designated Choice----The keywords of a paper usually come from the title and/or the abstract, where the key terms of words and phrases are usually contained.Page 7Correct the mistakes in the following titles according to the writing requirements you have learned in this unit.1.Applying---application2.Measuring---measurement3.去掉the4.The investigations---去掉the5.A New DOA Estimator Based on Broadband Uniform Accuracy6.去掉theUnit 3. Abstract自己看Unit 4. Introduction1. General Functions of IntroductionIntroducing the Subject---he author is here to supply sufficient background information to relieve the readers who are not well-informed in this field of troubles in understanding and evaluating the results of the given study without referring to previous publications on the topic. Limiting the Research Scope--narrowing down the scope of work and delimiting the boundary of your study becomes entirely necessaryShowing the Writing Arrangement---The logical arrangement of the writing enables the reader to understand the paper more easily when further reading is necessary.2. Structural Features of Introduction and Some Idiomatic ExpressionsStarting with the Research BackgroundEx. 5-1The Behavior Translating English-to-Chinese Machine Translation System is the first of its kind in Taiwan. And it is also among the first commercialized E-to-C systems in the world. The research began as a joint effort.., in May 1985...Further examples can be seen from the sections of introduction of the two complete papers attached in the Appendixes.Here are some expressions used to introduce the background of the subject in an introduction:●Over the past several decades....●Somebody reported...●The previous work on... has indicated that...●Recent experiments by... have suggested...●Several researchers have theoretically investigated...●In most studies of ....... has been emphasized with attention being given to...●Industrial use of... is becoming increasingly common.●There have been a few studies highlighting...●It is well known that...Transiting to the Existing Problem---Authors usually transit to the main problems to be discussed or weak points remaining in the previous work to be further studied and/or improved The following are a number of expressions used to present existing problems:●Great progress has been made in this field, but (however, nevertheless, etc.)...●Also, the consideration of... alone cannot explain the observed fact that...● A part of the explanation could lie in... However ....●The study of... gives rise to two main difficulties: one is...; the other is...●Despite the recent progress reviewed in .... there is no generally accepted theoryconcerning...●From the above discussion, it appears that at present neither.., nor.., are known. Focusing on the Present ResearchThere are also a number of expressions used to introduce the present work:●In this paper .... is investigated (studied, discussed, presented, etc.)●The present work deals mainly with...●We report here.., in the presence of...注意：如果给我们一段话，要我们指出哪些句子是：研究背景？转向问题？以及本篇文章研究焦点的句子？.Page 132. Analyze the following introductions, following the directions if possible.3.2.1. Underline the part stating the research background.3.2.2. Parenthesize the part pointing to the existing problem.3.2.3. Draw a box around the part focusing on the present research.Introduction 1According to Hannagan (1995: 18), ―Mo dem management is essentially about managingpeople as well as processes, in a rapidly changing environment.‖ This seems especially important for a British Airways office set in a different culture, which is largely due to the fact that given the variety of cultural inheritance people under differentCultures may behave in diverging ways. The human be haviors affect the performance of people at work, as shown by the Hawthorne effect, and a careful analysis of such behavior under a multicultural context will be beneficial to the overall performance of the department as well as that of each individual.In this paper, I shall undertake an analysis of an issu e. The department where I work is British Agency China, based in Beijing. In this place a British manager has to deal with over 20 Chinese employees. During the time that we have worked together, it has seemed to me (and the Manager) that there exists such a cultural difference and in many cases the communication between the employer and the employee cannot get through, thereby influencing the overall performance of the department. I shall analyze the issue in this context and attempt to formulate certain possible procedures to tackle the task.Introduction 2In this paper I attempt to show how a number of related concepts in Cognitive Grammar (Fillmore, 1982; Lakoff, 1982, 1987; Langacker, 1987,1988, 1990, 1991) can be applied to the analyses of discourse. Cognitive Grammar (CG) is well adapted not only to addressing issues concerning the relationship between language and cognition but also to constituting a potentially powerful sociolinguistic tool. I will focus on two related concepts: ―profiling‖ (Langacker, 1990) and ―radial category structure‖ (Lakoff, 1987; Brugman, 1988; Taylor, 1989).AbstractIt has been more than fifty years since its appearance of the ligand theory (配位场理论). It was initiated in 1931 when Bethe’s crystal field theory (晶体场理论) was proposed. The theory of complex spectra for atoms contributed by Racah has had an important effect on the development of the ligand field theory as it has influenced that of nuclear and elementary particle theories.In this article, the extension of the irreducible tensor method (不可约张量方法) to the ligand field theory which was originally performed by Tang Aoqing and his collaborators, is simplified by introducing the quasi-spin group (准自旋群) to give a theoretical analysis of the spectra of TbPsOl4. The theoretical analysis is in good agreement with the experimental result.As an example, the energy matrix elements of ground states terms (基态谱项的能量矩阵元) of TbPsOl4 crystal are calculated by the application of this theory, a serial spectrum data published by Bai Yubai are to be fitted by the use of five crystal-field parameters and eight relativistic parameters. The fitted results are satisfactory with 8 cm-1 at mean square root error and 17 cm-1 at the maximum absolution error of energy levels.1. Translate the following sentences into Chinese, paying attention to thesentence structure of each.5.1.1. Strategy is an art of planning the best way to gain an advantage or to achieve success.5.1.2. Here the point of view is the term generally used to indicate the point from which the paper is written.5.1.3. Subordination is the technique of placing the less important thought in a subordinate position.5.1.4. This formula is developed on the basis of the previously discussed theory.5.1.5. It is concluded that some of the parameters cannot be obtained by using the method shown in Section IV.5.1.6. Connect the equipment to the machine. Turn off the switch. Adjust input voltage to 10V. And note down the output current.Unit 5 Literature ReviewStructural Elements In Writing A Literature ReviewA literature-review chapter requires a number of structural elements, which help guide the reader from one sentence and paragraph to the next in a logical and seamless fashion.The chapter star ts with an introductory paragraph that focuses the reader on the topic that will be covered by the review. A road map should be inc luded a s an ―advanced organizer‖ of what will be included in the chapter as a whole. The chapter sho uld be divided into sections and subsections, each (depending on its level of complexity) having its own mini-road maps to further guide the reader.Each paragraph should begin with a clear and explicit topic sentence that informs the readerswhat will comprise that particular paragraph. Each major section should close with a transition that leads the reader into the next topic that will be covered in the review. Finally a summary and concluding section should bring the review together at the end六．Textual Development （1）Research descriptionThere are two basic approaches to description: objective and subjective.1. Objective DescriptionIn most cases, when a professional author writes his research papers, he has to take an objective approach instead of a subjective one, because in his professional research, he has to focus on the object he is portraying rather than on his personal action to it.2.Subjective DescriptionIn contrast to objective description is subjective or impressionist description, which shows the author’s impression of or responses to what they see.General Requirements for Research Description(1)Presenting a picture of the objectA research description is intended to present a picture of the appearance of an object or the details or process of an investigation.(2) Illustrating the object in artificial languageA research description is often accompanied by one or more figures, graphs, pictures or tables. All the information and data should be presented as figuratively and obviously as possible.(3) Making necessary comparisonIt is often possible to make the description clearer by means of comparing an object or a process, say, an experiment, with something that the reader is familiar with.(4) Sizing the object speciallyIn describing size, an experienced professional writer usually tries to avoid such general words as ―large‖, ―small‖ or ―quite big‖. Instead, he prefers to say 3 cm2 squared, or 10 meters’ high.(5) Locating the object correctlyThe positions of various parts of an object or a place must be indicated with care unless the figure or picture itself already shows the position of each part clearly.(6) Generalizing/systematizing the observation carefullyA research description has also to indicate how the new observations and ideas bing advanced may require a change--- by further generalization or systematization --InductionInduction is the logic pattern by which the author develops his idea by obtaining general laws from particular facts or various studies. The often taken model is: previous studies.., our study.., we conclude....DeductionDeduction is the method by which the author develops his idea by getting the conclusion for a particular case from general laws or an idea from an axiom.AnalogyAnalogy is the logic pattern by which the author develops his ideas by drawing similarities between parallel cases (putting two cases together, finding one point on which two things are similar and reasoning other points on which two things are similar). Usually the author takes a case that is familiar to readers (audience) and has already been accepted to infer several conclusions about a case that is not familiar to them or difficult for them to understand.In the article Fair Process: Managing in the Knowledge Economy,A London policeman gave a woman a ticket for making an illegal turn...............Unit 7 Textual Development1.Typical Features of Papers of Experimental NatureCompared with papers of theoretical nature, papers of experimental nature, as the name implies, mainly center around experiments, investigations or analyses of their results. To this end, the most important section of this paper is that of experimental description. The functions of experiment description are to (1) convince readers—experimental result should be reliable and convincing; (2) benefit reader--- the introduction of experimental and inspiration, and should facilitate further deliberations and research for the readers; and (3) allow readers to duplicate the experiment – the process and method of experiment should have reproducibility, and the described experiment should be duplicated by same others under the conditions.Unit 8. Result, Discussion and Conclusion1) General Functions and Contents of ResultsThe value of a research lies in the value of its final results and the author’s interpretation of the results.If the preceding sections of a paper (Introduction, Investigations, Experiments, Calculations, etc.) a re designed to explain how the author obtains the results, and the f ollowing sections of the paper (Analysis, Discussion, Summary or Conclusion, etc.) are to tell what the results should mean.Then, in the section of results, the author(s) should bring about a solid foundation on which the whole paper rests, by boiling down to all the facts and data he has gained.2) Writing Requirements for ResultsIn the section of result, the following two points should be kept in mind.First, any data shown in this section must be meaningful.Second, the presentation of results should be short without verbiage] and be of crystal clarity. This is because it is the research result that contains new ingredients of knowledge or findings which the writer can claim as his own contribution to the science world, and that builds the basis for the whole paper of the author.1.Rewrite the following, making them m ore coherent by either adding transitionalwords or changing the sentence order.Sports demand an effort of will and muscle that is healthful for the soul as well as the body.Swimming is physically health f ul, of course. But the fi rst dive into the pool is always cold: taking the plunge always requires some effort of will. And the swimmer summons his will to compete , against himself o r o thers.Similarly, ten nis takes quantities of energy, physical and moral, especially wh en the competition stiffens under a hot sun. Team sports ,like basketball,baseball ,and volleyball ,perhaps demand even more of the amateur.Unit Ten Plagiarism1.1the definition of plagiarismPlagiarism is the act of using another person’s language or ideas without acknowledgment. (The word plagiarism is derived from a Latin word for kidnapper.) A dictionary defines it as “the u se or imitation of words and ideas of another person and the representation of them as one’s original work.”如果给个材料，上面没有索引，是否应该是剽窃，该如何回答？？。
(NEW)苏州大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解
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目 录2010年苏州大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2011年苏州大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2012年苏州大学211翻译硕士英语（A 卷）考研真题及详解2015年苏州大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2010年苏州大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解I. Vocabulary and Structure (30%)Directions: Each of the following sentences has an underlined word or phrase. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases marked A), B), C) and D). You are to choose the ONE word or phrase which, if substituted for the underlined word or phrase, would keep the meaning of the original sentence.1．This is an abstract of a sermon.A. an agentB. an accommodationC. an abbreviationD. a summary【答案】D【解析】句意：这是布道的概要。
accommodation住处，膳宿。
abbreviation缩写；缩写词。
2．The Statue of Liberty was a gift to the United States from the people of France to memorialize the alliance between the two countries.A. negotiationB. anniversaryC. treatyD. association【答案】D【解析】句意：自由女神像是法国人民送给美国的礼物，以纪念两国之间的联盟。
江苏大学学科英语专业二真题
江苏大学学科英语专业二真题1、These apples smell _____ and taste ______. [单选题] *A. well; wellB. good; good(正确答案)C. well; goodD. good; well2、I_____you that I had made the right decision. [单选题] *A.ensuredB.insuredC.assured(正确答案)D.for sure3、Hurry up,?or we’ll _______ class. [单选题] *A. be late for(正确答案)B. late forC. late withD. be late with4、—______ you speak French?—Yes, I can.（）[单选题] *A. NeedB. Can(正确答案)C. MightD. Must5、71．How beautiful the shoes look! Can I________？[单选题] *A．try it onB．try on itC．try them on(正确答案)D．try on them6、This is the news _______ you want to know. [单选题] *A. that(正确答案)B. whatC. whenD. who7、Before you quit your job, （）how your family will feel about your decision. [单选题] *A. consider(正确答案)B. consideringC. to considerD. considered8、______ pocket money did you get when you were a child? （）[单选题] *A. WhatB. HowC. How manyD. How much(正确答案)9、Mom, I need you ______ me a pencil box.（）[单选题] *A. buyB. buyingC. to buy(正确答案)D. to buying10、_____ yuan a month _____ not enough for a family of three to live on today. [单选题] *A. Five hundred; is(正确答案)B. Five hundreds; areC. Five hundred; areD.Five hundreds; is11、Some students are able to find jobs after graduation while _____will return to school for an advanced degree. [单选题] *A. otherB. anotherC. others(正确答案)D. the other12、I gave John a present but he gave me nothing_____. [单选题] *A.in advanceB.in vainC.in return(正确答案)D.in turn13、22．______ is convenient to travel between Pudong and Puxi now. [单选题] *A．It(正确答案)B．ThisC．ThatD．What14、She talks too much; you’ll be glad when you’re free of her. [单选题] *A. 与她自由交谈B. 离开她(正确答案)C. 受她的控制D. 与她在一起15、In winter, animals have a hard time_____anything to eat. [单选题] *A.to findB.finding(正确答案)C.foundD.to finding16、—Can you play the violin at the art festival?—No, I ______. But I am good at playing the drums.（）[单选题] *A. canB. can’t(正确答案)C. doD. don’t17、( ) .Would you please ______me the gifts from your friends? [单选题] *A.to showB. showingC. show(正确答案)D. shown18、If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was _____ choice. [单选题] *A. goodB. the bestC. betterD. the better(正确答案)19、Miss Smith is a friend of _____. [单选题] *A. Jack’s sister’s(正确答案)B. Jack’s sisterC. Jack sister’sD. Jack sister20、59．—Can I talk to the manager?—Please wait ________ minute. [单选题] *A．anB．a(正确答案)C．theD．/21、Either you or the president（）the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting. [单选题] *A. is handing outB. are to hand outC. are handing outD. is to hand out(正确答案)22、—Is there ______ else I can do for you? —No, thanks. I can manage it myself.（）[单选题] *A. everythingB. anything(正确答案)C. nothingD. some things23、My daughter is neither slim nor fat and she’d like a _______ skirt. [单选题] *A. largeB. medium(正确答案)C. smallD. mini24、Will you please say it again? I _______ you. [单选题] *A. didn’t hear(正确答案)B. don’t heardC. didn’t heardD. don’t hear25、Don’t read in bed. It’s _______ your eyes. [单选题] *A. good atB. good forC. bad atD. bad for(正确答案)26、_______, making some DIY things is fashionable. [单选题] *A. Stand outB. In ones opinionC. In my opinion(正确答案)D. Out of fashion27、He didn't allow _____ in his room. Actually he didn't allow his family _____ at all. [单选题] *A. to smoke; to smokeB. smoking; to smoke(正确答案)C. to smoke; smokingD. smoking; smoking28、It’s one of _______ means of transportation. [单选题] *A. cheapB. convenientC. second-handD. the most convenient(正确答案)29、The paper gives a detailed（）of how to create human embryos (胚胎)by cloning. [单选题] *A. intentionB. description(正确答案)C. affectionD. effort30、Tony wants _______ a job as a language teacher in China. [单选题] *A. findB. findingC. to find(正确答案)D. to be found。
2019年江苏大学硕士研究生入学考试243英语(二外)考研大纲
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试自命题科目《英语（二外）》考试大纲I 考查目标全国硕士研究生入学统一考试自命题科目《英语（二外）》考试是为我校招收日语语言文学硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的考试科目。
其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生是否具备攻读该专业所必须的第二外国语（英语）技能，是否具有入学后继续深入学习英语（二外）的语言基础。
该考试是测量考生的英语综合应用能力，包括阅读理解、写作、翻译、词汇和句法运用能力。
具体来说，要求考生：1、应掌握一定量的英语词汇（参见《全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲》附录的分级词汇表）；2、掌握英语语法知识（非谓语动词、时态、语态等）；3、具有较强的阅读理解能力，能够读懂一般性题材的英语报刊文章和其他英语材料；能阅读题材较为熟悉的学术文章；4、具有一定的英译汉能力；5、能用英语写150-200字左右的短文。
II 考试形式和试卷结构一、试卷满分及考试时间试卷满分为100分，考试时间180分钟。
二、答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试。
无听力试题，考试过程中不允许携带字典。
三、试卷内容与题型结构1. Vocabulary 20题，每题1分，共20分2. Grammar 10题，每题1分，共10分3. Reading Comprehension 20题，每题2分，共40分4. Writing 1题，共15分5. Translation 1题，共15分III 考查内容1. 英语词汇知识2. 英语句法运用3. 英语阅读理解能力4. 英译汉翻译能力5. 英语写作能力6. 逻辑思考能力English as a Second Foreign Language Examination forGraduate CandidatesPart I Vocabulary (20 points)Please choose the best answer for each sentence below.1. A word processor is much better than a typewriter in that it enables you to enter and_______your text more easily.A. registerB. editC. proposeD. discharge2. We don’t know why so many people in that region like to wear dresses of such ______colors.A. lowB. humbleC. mildD. dull3. The news has just ______ that the president is going to visit China next month.A. come downB. come upC. come outD. come about4. The ______ that exists among nations could certainly be lessened if misunderstanding andmistrust were removed.A. tensionB. strainC. stressD. intensity5. The other day, Mum and I went to St. James’s Hospital , and they did lots and lots of tests onme, most of them _____ and frightening.A. cheerfulB. horribleC. hostileD. friendly6. In the Mediterranean seaweed is so abundant and so easily harvested that it is never of great_____.A. fareB. paymentC. worthD. expense7. The writer was so ______ in her work that she didn’t notice him enter the room.A. absorbedB. abandonedC. focusedD. centered8. Actually, information technology can ______ the gap between the poor and the rich.A. linkB. breakC. allyD. bridge9. Some research workers completely ______ all those facts as though they never existed.A. ignoreB. leaveC. refuseD. miss10. Computer power now allows automatic searches of fingerprint files to match a print at acrime ______.A. stageB. sceneC. locationD. occasion11. The most basic reason why dialects should be preserved is that language helps to ______ aculture.A. retainB. relateC. remarkD. review12. Companies are struggling to find the right _______between supply and demand, but it is noeasy taskA. equationB. formulaC. balanceD. pattern13. Mass advertising helped to _______ the emphasis from the production of goods to theirconsumption.A. varyB. shiftC. layD. moderate14. Because of his excellent administration, people lived in peace and _____ and all previouslyneglected matters were taken care of.A. convictionB. contestC. consentD. content15. I know you’ve got a smooth tongue , so don’t talk me ______ buying it.A. awayB. downC. outD. into16. Showing some sense of humor can be a (n) _______ way to deal with some stressfulsituationA. effectiveB. efficientC. favorableD. favorite17. The situation described in the report ______ terrible, but it may not happen.A. inclinesB. maintainsC. soundsD. remains18. The company is trying every means to ______ the wholesale price of its products.A. pull downB. put downC. set downD. bring down19. The mayor ______ the police officer a medal of honor for his heroic deed in rescuing theearthquake victimsA. rewardedB. awardedC. creditedD. prized20. The native Canadians lived in _______ with nature, for they respected nature as a providerof life.A. coordinationB. acquaintanceC. contactD. harmonyPart II Grammar (10 Points)Please read the following sentences and fill in the blanks with the correct word forms.21. There is little doubt that ______ (attend) college has the potential of exposing young people tonew ideas and relationships and helps promote their critical thinking skills.22. The US Department of Education estimates that only 62 percent of those enrolled in four-yearinstitutions had _____ (earn) a bachelor’s degree six years later.23. Do not be intimidated by people who think they are smarter than you, and don’t back off when_____ (face) competition; inner confidence is important.24. In order to persuade his daughter to put off the marriage, the father quoted statistics _____(show) mixed-face couples had higher divorce rates than same-race couples.25. The controversy in his article about women’s role in modern society _____ (be) that being ahousewife is greatly inferior to every other occupation.26. When he _____ (give) a talk, the topic is usually specified in advance, so you are able toexpect what to follow without any difficulties.27. When the police caught up with him, Mr. Foster had to confess that he _____ (break) the speedlimit.28. When she heard of her failure in the experiment, her eyes were filled with tears; whether it wasof shame, frustration, or grief was difficult ____ (tell).29. Rose knows that continuous letters from John, together with countless roses, are ____ (aim) atmaking her fall in love with him.30. Having been expelled from public school for drinking and smoking and then ____ (fail) inshow business as a singer, she joined her father’s bushiness 10 years ago.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.The Paris climate agreement finalised in December last year heralded a new era for climate action. For t he first time, the world’s nations agreed to keep global warming well below 2℃.This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations. Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs.Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countries are essentially climate “free-riders”: causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions, while incurring few of the costs such as climate change’s impact on food and water. In other words, a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels, while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change.On the flip side, there are many “forced riders”, who are suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem. Many of the world’s most climate-vulnerable countries, the majority of which are African of small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions. This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke, while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health.The Pairs agreement has been widely hailed as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all, although the details on addressing “climate justice” can be best described as sketchy.The goal of keeping global temperature rise “well below”2℃is commendable but the emissions-reduction pledges submitted by countries leading up to the Pairs talks are very unlikely to deliver on this.More than $100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions. However, the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions, effectively ignoring historical emissions. There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision. Securing these funds, and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries.The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most. There must urgently be a meaningful mobilisation of the polices outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emission reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide whether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants or pioneers.31. The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement because__________.A) it is unfair to those climate-vulnerable nationsB) it aims to keep temperature rise below 2℃ onlyC) it is beneficial to only fewer than 4% of countriesD) it burdens developed countries with the sole responsibility32. Why does the author call some developed countries climate “free-riders”?A) They nee dn’t worry about the food and water they consume.B) They are better able to cope with the global climate change.C) They hardly pay anything for the problems they have caused.D) They are free from the greenhouse effects affecting “forced riders”.33. Why does the author compare the “forced riders” to second-hand smokers?A) They have little responsibility for public health problems.B) They are vulnerable to unhealthy environmental conditions.C) They have to bear consequences they are not responsible for.D) They are unaware of the potential risks they are confronting.34. What does the author say about the $100 billion funding?A) It will motivate all nations to reduce carbon emissions.B) There is no final agreement on where it will come from.C) There is no clarification of how the money will be spent.D) It will effectively reduce greenhouse emissions worldwide.35. What urgent action must be taken to realize the Paris climate agreement?A) Encouraging high-emitting nations to take the initiative.B) Calling on all the nations concerned to make joint efforts.C) Pushing the current world leaders to come to a consensus.D) Putting in effect the policies in the agreement at once.Passage TwoQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Open data sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would accelerate science, most are reluctant to post the results of their own labors online.Some communities have agreed to share online—geneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository (库) , and astronomers are accustomed to accessing images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects—but these remain the exception, not the rule. Historically, scientists have objected to sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.But the barriers are disappearing, in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data public. Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to “shift away from a research culture where data is viewed as a private preserve”. Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be public information, and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared digitally in ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products online and enable other researchers to discover and cite them.Although calls to share data often concentrate on the moral advantages of sharing, the practice is not purely altruistic (利他的). Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues, improved visibility and increased citations. The most successful sharers—those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often---get noticed, and their work gets used. For example, one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been downloaded 5,700 times. Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of timber. “I'd much prefer to have my data used by the maximum number of people to ask their own questions,” she says. “It's important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be reproducible.”Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize and label files so others can understand them, scientists become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding confusion later on.36. What do many researchers generally accept?A) It is imperative to protect scientists’ patents.B) Repositories are essential to scientific research.C) Open data sharing is most important to medical science.D) Open data sharing is conducive to scientific advancement.37. What is the attitude of most researchers towards making their own data public?A) Opposed.B) Ambiguous.C) Liberal.D) Neutral.38. According to the passage, what might hinder open data sharing?A) The fear of massive copying.B) The lack of a research culture.C) The belief that research data is private intellectual property.D) The concern that certain agencies may make a profit out of it.39. What helps lift some of the barriers to open data sharing?A) The ever-growing demand for big data.B) The advancement of digital technology.C) The changing attitude of journals and funders.D) The trend of social and economic development.40. Dryad serves as an example to show how open data sharing ________.A) is becoming increasingly popularB) benefits sharers and users alikeC) makes researchers successfulD) saves both money and laborPassage ThreeQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.In the past, falling oil prices have given a boost to the world economy, but recent forecasts for global growth have been toned down even as oil prices sink lower and lower. Does that mean the link between lower oil prices and growth has weakened?Some experts say there are still good reasons to believe cheap oil should heat up the world economy. Consumers have more money in their pockets when they’re paying less at the pump. They spend that money off other things, which stimulates the economy.The biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil like China, Japan and India. But doesn't the extra money in the pockets of those countries’ consumers mean an equal loss in oil-producing countries, cancelling out the gains? Not necessarily, say economic researcher Sara Johnson. "Many oil producers built up huge reserve funds when prices were high, so when prices fall they will draw on their reserves to support government spending and subsidies (补贴) for theirconsumers.But not all oil producers have big reserves. In Venezuela, collapsing oil prices have sent its economy into free-fall.Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil. The implication is a sharp decline in global trade, which has plunged partly because oil-producing nations can't afford to import as much as they used to.Sara Johnson acknowledges that the global economic benefit from a fall in oil prices today is likely lower than it was in the past. One reason is that more countries are big oil producers now, so the nations suffering from the price drop account for a larger share of the global economy.Consumers, in the U.S. at least, are acting cautiously with the savings they're getting at the gas pump, as the memory of the recent great recession is still fresh in their mind. And a number of oil-producing countries are trimming their gasoline subsidies and raising taxes, so the net savings for global consumers is not as big as the oil price plunge might suggest.41. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?A. The reasons behind the plunge of oil prices.B. Possible ways to stimulate the global economy.C. The impact of chape oil on global economic growth.D. The effect of falling oil prices on consumer spending.42. Why do some experts believe cheap oil will stimulate the global economy?A. Manufacturers can produce consumer goods at a much lower cost.B. Lower oil prices have always given a big boost to the global economy.C. Oil prices may rise or fall but economic laws are not subject to change.D. Consumers will spend their savings from cheap oil on other commodities.43. What happens in many oil-exporting countries when oil prices go down?A. They suspend import of necessities from overseas.B. They reduce production drastically to boost oil prices.C. They use their money reserves to back up consumption.D. They try to stop their economy from going into free-fall.44. How does Carl Weinberg view the current oil price plunge?A. It is one that has seen no parallel in economic history.B. Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.C. It still has a chance to give rise to a boom in the global economy.D. Its effects on the global economy go against existing economic laws.45. Why haven't falling oil prices boosted the global economy as they did before?A. People are not spending all the money they save on gas.B. The global economy is likely to undergo another recession.C. Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.D. People the world over are afraid of a further plunge in oil prices.Passage FourQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences were nearly half as likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, compared with their male counterparts. Christopher Intagliata reports.As in many other fields, gender bias is widespread in the sciences. Men score higher starting salaries, have more mentoring (指导), an d have better odds of being hired. Studies show they’re also perceived as more competent than women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. And new research reveals that men are more likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, too.“Say, you know, this is the best student I’ve ever had,” says Kuheli Dutt, a social scientist and diversity officer at Columbia University’s Lamont campus. “Compare those excellent letters with a merely good letter: ‘The candidate was produc tive, or intelligent, or a solid scientist or something that’s clearly solid praise,’ but nothing that singles out the candidate as exceptional or one of a kind.”Dutt and her colleagues studied more than 1,200 letters of recommendation for postdoctoral positions in geoscience. They were all edited for gender and other identifying information, so Dutt and her team could assign them a score without knowing the gender of the student. They found that female applicants were only half as likely to get outstanding letters, compared with their male counterparts. That includes letters of recommendation from all over the world, and written by, yes, men and women. The findings are in the journal Nature Geoscience.Dutt says they were not able to evaluate the actual scientific qualifications of the applicants using the data in the files. But she says the results still suggest women in geoscience are at a potential disadvantage from the very beginning of their careers starting with those less than out-standing letters of recommendation.“We’re not trying to assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone consciously sexist. Rather, the point is to use the results of this study to open up meaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias, be it at a departmental level or an institutional level or even a discipline level,” which may lead to some recommendations for the letter writers themselves.46. What do we learn about applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences?A) There are many more men applying than women.B) Chances for women to get the positions are scarce.C) More males than females are likely to get outstanding letters of recommendation.D) Male applicants have more interest in these positions than their female counterparts.47. What do studies about men and women in scientific research show?A) Women engaged in postdoctoral work are quickly catching up.B) Fewer women are applying for postdoctoral positions due to gender bias.C) Men are believed to be better able to excel in STEM disciplines.D) Women who are keenly interested in STEM fields are often exceptional.48. What do the studies find about the recommendation letters for women applicants?A) They are hardly ever supported by concrete examples.B) They contain nothing that distinguishes the applicants.C) They provide objective information without exaggeration.D) They are often filled with praise for exceptional applicants.49. What did Dutt and her colleagues do with the more than 1,200 letters of recommendation?A) They asked unbiased scholars to evaluate them.B) They invited women professionals to edit them.C) They assigned them randomly to reviewers.D) They deleted all information about gender.50. What does Dutt aim to do with her study?A) Raise recommendation writers’ awareness of gender bi as in their letters.B) Open up fresh avenues for women post-doctors to join in reaserach work.C) Alert women researchers to all types of gender bias in the STEM disciplines.D) Start a public discussion on how to raise women’s status in academic circles.Part IV Writing (15 points)For this part, you are supposed to write an essay commenting on the saying “The question mark is the key to any science.” You r essay should emphasize the importance of asking right questions in the pursuit of science. Please write at least 200 words but no more than 250 words.Part V Translation (15 points)Please translate the following paragraph into Chinese.As we enter the 21st century, direct contacts with dissimilar others in our neighborhoods, schools, and workplace are an inescapable part of life. Each intercultural contact can bring about identity dissonance or stress because of attributes such as an unfamiliar accent, way of speaking, way of doing things, and way of nonverbal expression. In a global workplace, people bring with them different work habits and cultural practices. For example, cultural strangers may appear to approach teamwork and problem-solving tasks differently. They may appear to have a sense of different time, and they may appear to have different spatial needs. They also may look and move differently.Key Part I Vocabulary (20 points)1-5 BDCAB6-10 CADAB11-15 ACBDD16-20 ACDBDPart II Grammar (10 points)21. attending22. earned23. facing24. showing25. is26. gives27. had broken28. to tell29. aimed30. failingPart III Reading Comprehension (40 points) 31-35 ACCBD36-40 DACCB41-45 CDCBA46-50 CCBDAPart IV Writing (15 points)Omitted.Part V Translation (15 points)Omitted.11。
江苏大学502历年真题
江苏大学502历年真题江苏大学硕士研究生入学考试样题A卷科目代码：243科目名称英语（二外）满分：100分注意：①认真闽读答题纸上的注意事项：②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效：③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！Part I Vocabulary (20 points)Please choose the best answer for each sentence below.to go to the party with us.1.After working all day,he was so tired that he was in noA) tasteB) moodC) senseD) emotion2. Finding a job can be _______and disappointing, and therefore it is important that you are prepared.A)exploitingB) frustratingC) profitingD)misleading3. Workers in the fine arts thoughts and feelings through theircreative works.A) transmitB) elaborateC) conveyD) contribute4. Three university departments have been S600,000 to develop good practice in teaching and learning.A) promotedB) includedC) securedD) awarded5. The rapid development of communications technology is transforming the in which people communicate across time and space.A) moodB)missionC)mannerD) vision6. Mr. Jones holds strong views against video games and the closing of all recreation facilities for such games.A) assistsB) acknowledgesC) advocates7. Apart from caring for her children, she has to take on suchheavy housework as carrying water and firewood.A) time-consumedB) timely-consumedC) time-consumingD) timely-consuming8.Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely to the outside world.A) having been lostB) to be lostC) losingD) lost9. The police are trying to find out the of the woman killed in the traffic accident.A) evidenceB) recognitionC) statusD) identity10. All human beings have a comfortable zone regulating the they keep from someone they talk with.A) distanceC)rangeD)boundary11. We have planned an exciting publicity with our advertisers.A) struggleB)campaignC) battleD) conflict12. the help of their group, we would not have succeeded in the investigation.A) BesidesB) Regardless ofC) But forD) Despite13. John doesn't believe in medicine; he has some remedies of his own.A) standardB) regularC)routineD) conventional14. Owing to competition among the airlines, travel expenses have been reduced considerably.B) strainedC) eagerD) critical15. Though in a big city, Peter always prefers to paint the primitive scenes of country life.A)grownB) raisedC) tendedD) cultivated16. If people feel hopeless, they don't bother to the skills they need to succeed.A) adoptB) acquireC) accumulateD) assemble17. The shop assistant was dismissed as she was of cheating customers.A) accusedB) chargedC) scoldedD) cursed18. All her energies are upon her children and she seems to have little time for anything else.A) guidedB) aimedC) directedD) focused19. Everyone should be to a decent standard of living and an opportunity to be educated.A) attributedB) entitledC) identifiedD) justified20. His wife is constantly finding with him, which makes him very angry.A)errorsB) shortcomingsC) faultD) flawPart I Grammar (10 Points)Please read the following sentences and fill in the blanks with the correct word forms.21.(finish) preparing dinner, she stood at the front door waitingfor her children to return.22. The boy had no choice but (follow) his father into the room.23. While (apply) for a job, the graduate student got an offer to study abroad.24. Rose knows that continuous letters from John, together with countless roses, are (aim) at making her fall in love with him. 25. Perhaps the most popular tourist attraction on the island is the beautiful beach (offer) warm water, abundant sea life, and clean sand.26. Asking about a lady's age is considered to be an (embarrass) question in western cultures.27. In Chinese culture, "red" (represent) happiness, while in some western countries,"red" is more connected with danger and warning. 28. Recently a kind of traditional Chinese medicine is quite popular in the United States, for it is effective (cure) patients of their cough. 29. Only 10 out of the 97 passengers (survive) the plane crash in Russia last month.30. The mayor awarded the police officer a medal of honor for his heroic deed in (rescue) the earthquake victims.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there arefour choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Some of the world's most significant problems hit headlines. One example comes from agriculture. Food riots and hunger make news. But the trend lying behind these matters is rarely talked about. This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the world's major crops. Anew study by the University of Minnesota and MeGill University in Montreal looks at where,and how far, this decline is occurring.The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most important crops: rice,wheat,corn and soybeans(大豆).They find that on between 24% and 39% of all harvested areas, the improvement in yields that took place before the 1980s slowed down in the 1990s and2000s.There are two worrying features of the slowdown.One is that it has been particularly sharp in the world's most populous(人口多的)countries,India and China. Their ability to feed themselves has been an important source of relative stability both within the countries and on world food markets. That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slowdown or reverse.Second, yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in cornand soybeans. This is problematic because wheat and rice are more important as foods, accounting for around half of all calories consumed. Corn and soybeans are more important as feed grains. The authors note that "we have preferentially focused our crop improvement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops that feed people and are the basis of food security in much of the world."The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests that the world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in2050, as the Food and Agriculture Organization has argued.Instead, it says,thanks to slowing population growth, land currently ploughed up for crops might be able to revert(回返)to forest or wildemess. This could happen.The trouble is that the forecast assumes continued improvements in yields, which may not actually happen.31. What does the author try to draw attention to?A) Food riots and hunger in the world.B) The decline of the grain yield growth.C) News headlines in the leading media.D) The food supply in populous countries.32.Why does the author mention India and China in particular?A) Their self-sufficiency is vital to the stability of world food markets.B) Their food yields have begun to decrease sharply in recent years.C) Their big populations are causing world wide concerns.D) Their food self-sufficiency has been taken for granted.33.What does the new study by the two universities say about recent crop improvement efforts?A) They fail to produce the same remarkable results as before the 1980s.B) They contribute a lot to the improvement of human food production.C) They play a major role in guaranteeing the food security of the world.D) They focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food grains.34.What does the Food and Agriculture Organization say about world food production in the coming decades?A) The growing population will greatly increase the pressure on world food supplies.B) The optimistic prediction about food production should be viewed with caution.C) The slowdown of the growth in yields of major food crops will be reversed.D) The world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland.35. How does the author view the argument of the Food and Agriculture Organization?A) It is built on the findings of a new study.B) It is based on a doubtful assumption.C) It is backed by strong evidence.D) It is open to further discussion.Passage TwoQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled.Some 65% of American men aged 62-74 with a professional degree are in the workforce,compared with 32% of men with only a high-school certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people. And they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity(长寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work,has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.But the notion of a sharp division between the working young andthe idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.Policy is partly responsible. Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early.Rising life expectancy(预期寿命),combined with there placement of generous defined-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation. Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management know how to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.36. What is happening in the workforce in rich countries?A) Younger people are replacing the elderly.B) Well-educated people tend to work longer.C) Unemployment rates are rising year after year.D) People with no college degree do not easily find work.37. What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?A) Longer life expectancies.B) A rapid technological advance.C) Profound changes in the workforce.D) A growing number of the well-educated.38. What do many observers predict in vie w of the experience of the 20th century?A) Economic growth will slow down.B) Government budgets will increase.C) More people will try to pursue higher education.D) There will be more competition in the job market.39. What is the result of policy changes in European countries?A) Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.B) More people have to receive in-service training.C) Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.D) People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.40. What is characteristic of work in the 21st century?A) Computers will do more complicated work.B) More will be taken by the educated young.C)Most jobs to be done will be creative ones.D) Skills are highly valued regardless of age.Passage ThreeQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.Human wants seem endless. When a starving man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat, when an executive gets a new sports car, visions of country clubs and pleasure boats dance into view.The many wants of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of wants, another level appears.The first and most basic level of wants involves food. Once this want is satisfied, a second level of wants appears: clothing and some sort of shelter. By the end of World War II these wants were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses.By 1957 or 1958 this third level of wants was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s a fourth level of wants appeared: the"life-enriching" level. While other levels involve physical satisfaction——the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation of the human body——this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of whichcould be called "luxury" items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and entertainment. Also included here are fancy foods and the latest styles in clothing.On the fourth level, a greater percentage of consumer spending goes to services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of wants as their income increases,or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?A fifth level probably would involve wants that can be achieved best by community action.Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease,ignorance, crime, and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.41. According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when .A) he has saved up enough moneyB) he has grown dissatisfied with his simple shelterC) He has satisfied his hungerD) He has learned to build houses42. It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of the World War II most Americans .A) were very richB) lived in povertyC) had the good things on the first three levelsD) did not own automobiles43.All of the following EXCEPT are related to "physical satisfactions".A) a successful careerB) a cozy homeD) a family carC) a new house44. All of the following EXCEPT belong to the wants on the fourth level.A) going for holiday tripsB) finding a shelterC) going to a cinemaD) the best medical care45. The author tends to think that a fifth level .A) would be little better than the fourth levelB) may be a lot more desirable than the first fourC) can be the last and most satisfying levelD) will become attainable if the government takes actionsPassage FourQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Technology can make us smarter or stupider, and we need to develop a set of principles to guide our everyday behavior and make sure that tech is improving and not hindering our mental processes. One of the big questions being debated today is: What kind of information do we need to have stored in our heads, and what kind can we leave "in the cloud," to be accessed as necessary?An increasingly powerful group within education are championing "digital literacy". In their view, skills beat, knowledge, developing "digital literacy" is more important than learning mere content, and all facts are now Google-able and therefore unworthy of committing to memory. But even the most sophisticated digital literacy skills won't help students and workers navigate the world if they don't have a broad base of knowledge about how the world actually operates. If you focus on the delivery mechanism and not the content, you're doing kids a disservice.Indeed, evidence from cognitive science challenges the notion that skills can exist independent of factual knowledge. Data from the last thirty years leads to a conclusion that is not scientifically challengeable: thinking well requires knowing facts, and that's true not only because you need something to think about. The very processes that teachers care about most-—critical thinking processes—are intimately intertwined (交织) with factual knowledge that is stored in long-termmemory.In order words, just because you can Google the date of Black Tuesday doesn't mean you understand why the Great Depression happened or how it compares to our recent economic slump. There is no doubt that the students of today, and the workers of tomorrow, will need to innovate, collaborate and evaluate. But such skills can't be separated from the knowledge that gives rise to them. To innovate, you have to know what, came before. To collaborate, you have to contribute knowledge to the joint venture. And to evaluate, you have to compare new information against knowledge you've already mastered.So here's a principle for thinking in a digital world, in two parts. First, acquire a base of factual knowledge in any domain in which you want to perform well. This base supplies the essential foundation for building skills,and it can't be outsourced(外包) to a search engine.Second, take advantage of computers' invariable memory, but also the brain's elaborative memory. Computers are great when you want to store information that shouldn't change. But brains are the superior choice when you want information to change, in interesting and useful ways: to connect up with other facts and ideas, to acquire successive layers of meaning, to steep for a while in your accumulated knowledge and experience and so produce a richer mental brew.46. What is the author's concern about the use of technology?A) It may leave knowledge "in the cloud".B) It may misguide our everyday behavior.C) It may cause a divide in the circles of education.D) It may hinder the development of thinking skills.47. What is the vie w of educators who advocate digital literacy?A) It helps kids to navigate the virtual world at will.B) It helps kids to broaden their scope of knowledge.C) It increase kids' efficiency of acquiring knowledge.D) It liberates kids from the burden of memorizing facts.48. What does evidence from cognitive science show?A) Knowledge is better kept in long-term memory.B) Critical thinking is based on factual knowledge.C) Study skills are essential to knowledge acquisition.D) Critical thinking means challenging existing facts.49. What does the author think is key to making evaluations?A) Gathering enough evidence before drawing conclusions.B) Mastering the basic rules and principles for evaluation.C) Connecting new information with one's accumulated knowledge.D) Understanding both what has happened and why it has happened.50. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?A) To warn against learning through memorizing facts.B) To promote educational reform in the information age.C) To explain human brains' function in storing information.D) To challenge the prevailing overemphasis on digital literacy.Part IV Writing (15 points)For this part, you are supposed to write an essay commenting on the argument "It is useless to learn English as a second foreign language since I major in Japanese." Your essay should emphasize the role of learning English as a second foreign language for Japanese language majors. Please write at least 160 words but no more than 200 words. Part V Translation (15 points)Please translate the following paragraph into Chinese.As we enter the 21st century,there is a growing sense of urgency that we need to increase our understanding of people from diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds. From interpersonal misunderstandings to intercultural conflicts, frictions exist within and between cultures. With rapid changes in global economy, technology, transportation, and immigration policies, the world is becoming a small, intersecting community. We find ourselves in increased contact with people who are culturally different, working side by side with us. From workplace to classroom diversity, different cultural beliefs, values, and communication styles are here to stay. In order to achieve effective intercultural communication, we have to learn to manage differences flexibly and mindfully.。
江苏大学外国语学院241日语(二外)历年考研真题专业课考试试题
目 录
2015年江苏大学外国语学院241日语（二外）考研样题2014年江苏大学外国语学院241日语（二外）考研样题2013年江苏大学外国语学院241日语（二外）考研样题2012年江苏大学外国语学院241日语（二外）考研真题2011年江苏大学外国语学院241日语（二外）考研真题2010年江苏大学外国语学院241日语（二外）考研真题2009年江苏大学外国语学院212日语（二外）考研真题2008年江苏大学外国语学院212日语（二外）考研真题2007年江苏大学外国语学院212日语（二外）考研真题2006年江苏大学外国语学院日语（二外）考研真题2005年江苏大学外国语学院日语（二外）考研真题2004年江苏大学外国语学院日语（二外）考研真题
2015年江苏大学外国语学院241日语（二
外）考研样题。
2019苏州大学241英语、243日语、244法语和245德语考研复习全析(含历年真题)
2019苏州大学241英语、243日语、244法语和245德语考研复习全析（含历年真题）2019苏州大学241英语考研复习全析（含历年真题）共五册，由东吴苏大考研网依托多年丰富的教学与辅导经验，组织官方教学研发团队与苏州大学外国语学院的优秀研究生共同合作编写而成。
全书内容紧凑权威细致，编排结构科学合理，为参加2019苏州大学考研的考生量身定做的必备专业课资料。
2019苏州大学241英语考研复习全析（含历年真题）全书编排根据：李荫华《全新版大学英语综合教程（1、2、3、4）》结合往年苏州大学考研真题内容，帮助报考苏州大学考研的同学通过苏大教材章节词汇短语解析、框架分解、全文翻译、配套的课后练习讲解，梳理指定教材的各章节内容，深入理解核心重难点知识，把握考试要求与考题命题特征。
通过研读演练本书，达到把握教材重点知识点、适应多样化的专业课考研命题方式、提高备考针对性、提升复习效率与答题技巧的目的。
同时，透过测试演练，以便查缺补漏，为初试高分奠定坚实基础。
适用院系：外国语学院：【俄语语言文学、日语语言文学】适用科目：241英语内容详情本书包括了以下几个部分内容：Part 1 - 词汇短语通过总结和梳理李荫华《全新版大学英语综合教程（1、2、3、4）》的各章节词汇及短语的发音、中文意思、延伸变化、例句说明等，增进考生对于逐个词汇及短语的理解。
Part 2 - 课文精解针对教材李荫华《全新版大学英语综合教程（1、2、3、4）》的课文内容，尤其是长难句等进行详细的翻译解释，做到对苏大考研核心考点及参考书目内在重难点内容的深度领会与运用。
Part 3 - 全文翻译对李荫华《全新版大学英语综合教程（1、2、3、4）》各章节正文的总体内容翻译，令考生对教材的内容理解更加全面深刻，通过翻译文本正确理解全文翻译的技巧，有助于大家透析全文意思，了解中心思想。
Part 4 - 练习答案根据教材编排的顺序，对于各章节的练习题逐个进行解答，帮助考生及时掌握教材的知识点内容，学以致用。
江苏大学开学英语考试试题
江苏大学开学英语考试试题【听力材料】：(Text 1)W: What’s new with you,Jack?M:Well,I met a really nice woman.We’ve been going out for three months and things look good now.(Text 2)M: When did you first find the door broken and things missing?W:After I got up,around 5:20.Then I called the police station.(Text 3)W: Pass me the flour,please.M:Which tin is it in?W:The one at the end of the shelf.It’s slightly smaller than the others.M:Oh,right.(Text 4)W:Do you know why George hasn’t come yet?M:Yes.He was planning to come,but his wife’s father fell downsome stairs and they had to take him to a hospital.W:I’m sorry to hear that.(Text 5)W:Hi,Tony.How did your experiment go yesterday?M: Well,it wasn’t as easy as I had thought.I have to continue doing it tonight.(Text 6)M:Is that Ann?W:Yes.M:This is Mike.How are things with you?W:Oh,very well,but I’m very busy.M:Busy? But you’ve finished all your exams?W:Yes,but I have to help my little sister with her foreign language.M:How about coming out with me this evening?There’s a new film on.W:I’m afraid I can’t.A friend of mine is coming from the south and I have to go to the station to meet him.M:What a pity!How about the weekend then?W:No,I’ve arranged to go to an art exhibition with my parents.M:What about next week sometime?W:Maybe.(Text 7)W:I hear there will be a football competition between all senior schools next month.Is that so?M:That’s true.W:Would you please go into some more details?M:Well,the competition will be held in our school and it will begin on August 11.The competition will last a whole week.W:Anything else?M:Yes,both the girls and boys competition will be held at the same time.The girls competition will be held in the morning and the boys competition will be held in the afternoon.W:Yes? Sounds exciting.M:We are both members of our school football team.We should be ready for it.W:Of course.It’s a long time since we had the last football competition last time.I’m really looking forward to anothercompetition.M:Me,too.(Text 8)W: Excuse me.I am from STM.We are carrying out a survey on the traffic in our city.Do you mind if I ask you some questions?M:No,not at all.Go ahead.W:Good,thanks.What do you do,sir?M:I am a teacher.I teach children French.W:Great.Do you live far from the school? I mean,how do you usually go to work?M:Well,mostly by car.But once in a while,I prefer to ride my bike.You know,I live quite far from the school,about 20 miles.And I have to spend about an hour riding to school.But it only takes me less than a quarter of an hour to drive my car,unless the traffic is very bad.W:I see.Does this happen often? I mean the bad traffic.M:Yes,sure! I often get stuck on the way,and the problem’s getting worse and worse.W:That’s all of my questions.Thank you very much.M:You are welcome.(Text 9)M: Customer service.Andney Grant speaking.How may I help you?W:I can’t believe this is happening.I called and ordered a 32?inch bag last Friday.But today I found that you sent me a 24?inch one.I was planning to use that bag during our vacation in Mexico,but it doesn’t seem possible any more because we will take off on Saturday.It’s only two days away.What am I supposed to do?M:I’m really sorry,madam. I’ll check right away.Would you please tell me your order number?W:It’s CE2938.M:Just a minute.I do apologize,madam.There did seem to be a mistake.I’ll have the correct size bag sent to you by overnight mail right away.It will arrive in time for your Saturday trip.Again I apologize for any inconvenience caused by our mistake.I promise it won’t happen again.W:OK.Well,thank you.M:Thank you,madam,for choosing Linch mail.I hope you willhave a wonderful vacation.(Text 10)I wasn’t too fond of the lecture classes of 400 students in my general course.Halfway through my second term when I was considering whether or not to come back in the fall,I went on the Internet and came across Americorp.Then I joined in an organization,and that’s what I did last school year.I worked on making roads,building a house,serving as a teacher’s assistant and working as a camp officer in several projects in South Carolina and Florida.It’s been a great experience,and I’ve almost learned more than what I could have in college since I didn’t really want to be at that school and wasn’t interested in my major an yway,I thought this was better for me.After 1,700 hours of service I received 4,750 dollars.I can use that to pay off the money I borrowed from the bank or for what is needed when I go back to school this fall at Columbus State in Ohio.Classes are smaller there and I’ll be majoring in German education.After working with the kids,now I know,I want to be a teacher.一、听力第一节(共5小题，每小题1分)听下面5段对话。