中药专业英语
《中药专业英语》复习
题型：
名词解释（英语解释）：中药；中药炮制；七情；毒性；相畏；相须；相杀；相反；道地药材；中药性能；功效；药性；药味
句子翻译（5个）：
1中药的性能，是中医药理论对中药作用性质和特征的高度概括，是在中医药理论指导下认识和使用中药，并用以阐明药效机制的理论。
2. 中医认为，一切疾病的发生和发展都是由于致病因素作用于人体，导致机体阴阳偏盛偏衰，脏腑功能失常的结果。
3. 中药的产地与其质量有着密切关系，即使是分布较广的药材，也
会由于产地不同而有明显的质量优劣
3. 中药的炮制直接关系到药物的疗效，合理的炮制能提高药物的疗效，扩大药物的应用范围，降低有毒药物的毒副作用。
4. 理解药物的功效，不能单凭药性，也不能只凭药味，只有二者合参才能指导对药物功效的认识
1.Today, it is still very popular in China and plays an important role in health care.
2.Because Chinese traditional medicinal herbs are of reliable therapeutical effects and unlikelihood of inciting side-effects, they have been appreciated by the Chinese masses of people.
3. Up to now, thousands of species of medicinal plants have been screened, and some were substantiated to possess therapeutical efficacy on modern scientific basis.
4.New developments of Chinese medicinal herba will contribution substantially to the public health care of the people in China and all over the world.
英翻中
中翻英
作文：根据你所学的知识写300字的作文要有题目。
医学专业英语词汇-中草药药物中英文名称(P-S).doc
医学专业英语词汇-中草药药物中英文名称(P-S)pagodatree flower bud 槐米pagodatree pod 槐角pale butterflybush flower 密蒙花palmleaf raspberry fruit 覆盆子pangolin scales 穿山甲panicled fameflower root 土人参paniculate swallowwort root 徐长卿papaya 番木瓜papermulberry fruit 楮实子parslane herb 马齿苋patience dock root 牛西西peach seed 桃仁pearl 珍珠pedate pinallia jackinthepulpit rhizome 天南星pedunculate acronychia wood 沙塘木peking euphorbia root 京大戟pepper 胡椒pepper wort herb 田字草peppermint 薄荷pepperweed seed / tansymustard seed 葶苈子perfoliote knotweed herb 杠板归perilla fruit 紫苏子perilla leaf 紫苏叶perilla stem 紫苏梗persimmon calyx and receptacle 柿蒂pevuvian apple herb 冰粉pharbitis seed 牵牛子philippine flemingia root 千金拔philippine violet herb 紫花地丁phoenix tree seed 梧桐子pillbug 鼠妇虫pilose asiabell root /moderate asiabell root/szechwon tangshen root 党参pine leaf 松毛pine nodular branch 油松节pine pollen 松花粉pinellia tuber 半夏pink herb 瞿麦pink plumepoppy herb 博落回pink reineckea herb 吉祥草pipe fish 海龙plant soot 百草霜plantain herb 车前草plantain seed 车前子platycladi seed 柏子仁platycodon root 桔梗poisonous buttercup herb 石龙芮pokeberry root 商陆pomegranate rind 石榴皮prepared common monkshood daughter root 附子prepared salt 秋石pricklyash peel 花椒prince's-feather fruit 水荭花子prince's-feather herb 荭草puberulous glochidion herb 算盘子pubescent holly root 毛冬青pubescent pepper herb 毛蒟puff-ball 马勃pumice 浮石pummelo peel 化橘红puncturevine caltrop fruit 蒺藜purple lythrum herb 千屈菜purpleflower crotalaria herb 农吉利purpleflower holly leaf 四季青purslane speedwell herb 仙桃草pyrite 自然铜pyrolusite 无名异pyrrosia leaf 石韦quartz 白石英radde anemone rhizome 竹节香附radish seed 莱菔子raisin tree seed 枳具子ramie root 苎麻根rangooncreeper fruit 使君子realgar 雄黄red ochre 代赭石red paeony root 赤芍red psychotria leaf 山大颜red-knees herb 辣蓼reed rhizome 芦根rehmannia root 地黄remote lemongrass herb 芸香草rhesus macaque bezoar 猴枣rhubarb 大黄rice bean 赤小豆rice-grain sprout 谷芽ricepaperplant pith 通草rivier giantarum rhizome 魔芋romanet grape root 野葡萄rose 玫瑰花rose mallow root 地桃花rosewood heart wood 降香roughhaired holly root 岗梅根round cardamom fruit /java amomum fruit 白豆蔻rush 灯心草rust-coloured crotalaria herb 假地兰safflower 红花saffron 西红花sago leaf 凤尾蕉叶sal ammoniac 硇砂sampson st. john'swort herb 元宝草sanchi 三七sandalwood 檀香sappan wood 苏木sargentgloryvine stem 大血藤sarmentose pepper herb 假蒟savoury rhododendron leaf 烈香杜鹃sawtooth oak bark 橡木皮saxifraga 虎耳草scabrous doellingeria rhizome and root 东风菜scabrous elephantfoot herb 地胆头scabrous mosla herb 石荠苧scandent schefflera stem and leaf 七叶莲scarlet kadsura root 黑老虎根scorpion 全蝎sea horse 海马sea-ear shell 石决明seaweed 海藻semen nelumbinis 莲子semi-pinnated brake herb 半边旗senna leaf 番泻叶sensitiveplat herb 含羞草serpoletleaf sandwort herb 小无心菜serrate chloranthus root 及己serrate gtorybower herb 三对节sessile stemona root/japanese stemona root/tuber stemona root 百部sessileflower acanthopanax bark 短梗五加sevenlobed yam rhizome / foochow yam rhizome 绵萆解sharpleaf galangal fruit 益智仁sheepear inula herb 羊耳菊shepherdspurse herb 荠菜shiny cinquefoil root 翻白叶shinyleaf pricklyash root 两面针shorthairy antenoron herb 金线草shortleaf kyllinga herb 水蜈蚣shortstalk monkshood root/pendulous monkshood root 雪上一只蒿shorttube lycoris bulb 石蒜shouliang yam rhizome 薯莨shrubalthea bark 川槿皮siberian cocklour fruit 苍耳子silktree albizzia bark 合欢皮simple glorybower root 臭茉莉simpleleaf shrub chastetree fruit 蔓荆子sinense knotweed rhizome 蜈蚣七single roxburgh rose fruit 刺梨果sinkiang arnebia root /redroot gromwell root 紫草sinkiang fritillary bulb 伊贝母skyblue broomrape herb 列当slender dutchmanspipe root 青木香slenderstyle acanthopanax bark 五加皮/南small centipeda herb 鹅不食草smallfruit fig aerial root 榕须smallfruit rose root 小果蔷薇snake slough 蛇蜕snakegourd fruit 瓜蒌snakegourd seed 瓜蒌仁snow lotus herb 雪莲花snow of june herb 六月雪snowbell-leaf tickclover herb 广金钱草soda-apple night-shade herb 天茄子songaria cynomorium herb 锁阳south dodder seed / chinese dodder seed 菟丝子sowthistle tasselflower herb 一点红soybean germinated 大豆黄卷spanishneedles herb / railway beggarticks herb 鬼针草spiderflower seed 白花菜子spike aletris herb 粉条儿菜spina date seed 酸枣仁spiny amarauth herb or root 刺苋菜spreading hedyotis herb 白花蛇舌草sri lanka pouzolzia herb 雾水葛stalactite 钟乳石star anise 八角茴香starwort root 银柴胡stiff silkworm 僵蚕stone-like omphalia 雷丸stringy stonecrop herb 垂盆草striped crotalaria herb 猪屎豆suberect spatholobus stem 鸡血藤suffrutescent securinega twig 叶底珠sulphur 硫黄sun euphorbia herb 泽漆sunflower receptacle 向日葵sunset abelmoschus root 黄蜀葵swamp mahogany leaf 大叶桉叶sweet basil herb 罗勒sweet broomwort herb 冰糖草sweet osmanthus flower 桂花sweet wormwood herb 青蒿sweetscented oleander leaf 夹竹桃叶sword jackbean seed 刀豆子swordlike atractylodes rhizome / chinese atractylodes rhizome 苍术szechuan lovage rhizome 川芎szechuan melandium root 瓦草szechwan chinaberry fruit 川楝子。
专业英语-中药部分-专英chapter 6 共35页
即其过去分词形式。
Identification 鉴 别
Microscopical Characters
Transverse section Powder
Physical and Chemical Identification
Thin layer chromotography
cork 木栓层 phelloderm 栓内层 phloem 韧皮部 cambium形成层 xylem: ray、vessels 木质部：射线、导管
芦（根茎） 艼（不定根）
身（主根）
腿（较粗的支根）
须（较细的支根）
疣状突起（珍珠疙瘩）
性状描述是按照一定的顺序进行的
Main roots fusiform or cylindrical, 3-15 cm long, 1-2 cm in diameter; externally the upper part the lower part Rhizomes Texture fracture cambium ring bark Odour taste
Origin
Ginseng is the dried root and rhizoma of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. (Fam. Araliaceae). The drug derived from the cultivated form is known as “Yuanshen”(garden ginseng) and the drug derived from the wild origin is known as “Linxia Shanshen” (Zihai). The drug is collected in autumn and washed clean.
中医专业英语基础
中医专业英语基础1. 医学基础（Medical foundation）- Human anatomy: The study of the structure and organs of the human body.- Physiology: The study of how the body functions and its various systems.- Pathology: The study of diseases, their causes, and progression. - Pharmacology: The study of drugs and their effects on the body. - Biochemistry: The study of chemical processes and substances in living organisms.- Microbiology: The study of microorganisms and their effects on health.- Immunology: The study of the immune system and its response to diseases.- Genetics: The study of genes and heredity.2. 中医理论（Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine）- Yin and Yang: The concept of opposing yet complementary forces in the body.- Qi (Chi): The vital energy that flows through the body and maintains health.- Meridians: The channels through which Qi flows in the body.- Five Elements Theory: The belief that the body is made up of the five elements - wood, fire, earth, metal, and water - which are interconnected and influence health.- Zang-Fu Organs: The system of organs in traditional Chinese medicine, including the Yin and Yang organs.- Eight Principles: The classification of diseases according to four pairs of opposites - Yin/Yang, Cold/Heat, Deficiency/Excess, andInterior/Exterior.- Syndromes: The patterns in which symptoms present in traditional Chinese medicine, used for diagnosing and treating diseases.3. 中药学（Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine）- Traditional Chinese herbs: The various plants, minerals, and animal substances used in traditional Chinese medicine.- Herbal formulas: The combinations of herbs used to treat specific diseases or conditions.- Herbal identification and processing: The methods used to identify and prepare herbs for medicinal use.- Prescription and dosage: The principles and guidelines for prescribing and administering herbal treatments.- Toxicology: The study of the potential toxicity and side effects of traditional Chinese herbs.4. 中医诊断（Diagnosis in Traditional Chinese Medicine）- Observation: The examination of a patient's physical appearance, including the tongue, face, and body.- Listening and smelling: The assessment of a patient's voice, breath, and body odors.- Inquiry: The gathering of information about a patient's medical history, symptoms, and lifestyle.- Palpation: The use of touch to assess pulse, acupuncture points, and areas of tenderness.- Diagnosis methods: The different approaches used to diagnose diseases in traditional Chinese medicine, such as the Eight Principles, Five Elements, and Zang-Fu organs.5. 中医治疗（Treatment in Traditional Chinese Medicine）- Acupuncture: The insertion of thin needles into specific points on the body to stimulate Qi flow and balance Yin and Yang.- Herbal medicine: The use of traditional Chinese herbs in various forms, such as decoctions, powders, or pills, to treat diseases.- Tuina (Chinese massage): The manipulation of the body's muscles and soft tissues to promote circulation and relieve pain.- Cupping: The application of heated cups to the skin to create suction and promote blood flow.- Moxibustion: The burning of dried herbs (usually Artemisia vulgaris) near the skin to warm and stimulate acupuncture points. - Qigong: A combination of physical exercises, breathing techniques, and meditation aimed at cultivating Qi and improving overall health.6. 中医研究方法（Research Methods in Traditional Chinese Medicine）- Clinical trials: The systematic study of the safety and effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine treatments in humans. - Pharmacological research: The investigation of the active components and mechanisms of action of traditional Chinese herbs. - Epidemiological studies: The analysis of disease patterns and risk factors in specific populations.- Case studies: The examination of individual patients' experiences and responses to traditional Chinese medicine treatments.- Experimental studies: The use of laboratory or animal models to investigate the effects of traditional Chinese medicine interventions.- Systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The synthesis of multiplestudies to evaluate the overall effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine treatments.。
(完整版)中药专业英语重点词汇
药典• pharmacopoeia 药典• drug standard 药品标准• specifications 检测项目• drug production 药品生存• description 性状• identification 鉴别• purity test 纯度检查• content assay 含量测定• strength 规格• storage贮藏• preparation 制备• drug substances 药品• dosage forms 剂型• compounded preparations复方制剂• excipients 辅料• medical devices 医疗器械• dietary supplements 食品补充剂• excipient 辅料• univer sal test 常规检查• specific test 专属检查• content assay 含量测定• Ginsenoside 人参皂苷• diluent 稀释液• Botanic Characteristics 植物学特征• Histology Characteristics 组织学特征• Foreign Organic Matter 外来（有机）物• Alcohol-Soluble Extractives 醇溶物• Loss on Drying 干燥失重• Total Ash 总灰分• Acid-Insoluble Ash 酸不溶灰分• Contaminants 毒害物• Heavy Metals 重金属• Pesticide Residues 农药残留• Specified Microorganisms 微生物抑制菌（控制）• NLT no less than 不少于• NMT no more than 不多于• TLC 薄层色谱法• Standard solution 对照品• Sample solution 供试品• Adsorbent 吸附剂• Application volume 进样量（应用体积）• Development solvent 展开剂• Spray reagent 显色剂• Acceptance criteria 验收准则• Retention time 保留时间• Extract 提取物extraction 提取• tablet 片剂天然产物化学• natural product 天然产物• chemical compound 化合物• pharmacological activity 药理活性• biological activity 生理活性• drug discovery 药物开发• drug design 药物设计• total synthesis 全合成• semi-synthesis 半合成• marine organism 海洋生物• microorganism fermentation broths 微生物发酵液• compound library 化合物库• pharmacophore 药效团• genomic; prot eome 基因组的；蛋白组• chemical diversity 化学多样性• active principle 活性成分• lead compound 先导化合物• secondary metabolite 二级代谢产物• molecule 分子，微粒• synonymous 同义的• bioassay 生物检定• bioassay-guided isolation 生物活性导向的分离• analogue 类似物• HTS 高通量筛选• combinatorial chemistry 组合化学• dereplication 去重复化• formulation 制剂• mimic 模拟物• de novo 创新• synthetic 合成的• bioactivity 生物活性• biodiversity 生物多样性• antimicrobial 抗微生物的• antiviral 抗病毒的• target 生物靶标• extraction 提取• isolation 分离• identification鉴定• separation 分离，分开• fraction ate 分离• in vivo 体内的• in vitro体外的药理学• pharmacology 药理学• ligand 配体• receptor 受体• mechanism of action 反应机制• absorption 吸收• distribution 分布• biotransformation 吸收，生物转化• metabolism 新陈代谢• excretion 排泄• elimination 消除• medicinal preparation 药物制剂• dosage form剂型• intelligent prescription 合理的处方• medication 药物治疗• concentration 浓度• active transfer 主动转运• passive transfer 被动转运• Enzymology酶学• biological membrane 生物膜• pharmacokinetics 药动学• half-life period 半衰期• pharmacodynamics 药效学• preclinical medical science 基础医学• action and effect作用与影响• structure-activity relationship 构效关系• interspecies variatio n 种属差异• clinical pharmacology 临床药理学• pharmacotherapeutics 药物治疗学• chemotherapeutic agent 化疗药物• toxicology 毒理学• adverse effect 不良反应• Intoxication 中毒•心heart cardiac 加粗为形容词•肝liver hepatic•脾spleen•肺lung pulmonary•肾kidney renal• 肠intestine intestinal•胃stomach gastric•胆bile (胆汁)•尿urine• LD50半数致死量药剂学• pharmaceutics 药剂学• biopharmaceutics 生物药剂学• new chemical entity (NCE) 新的化学实体分子• medication 治疗药物• route of administration 给药途径• target site 靶部位• formulation 制剂• dosage form; dose 剂型；剂量• DDS drug delivery system 药物传输系统• solid formulation 固体制剂• active ingredient 活性成分• solubility 溶解度• excipient辅料• solutions 溶液剂• aromatic water 芳香水剂• syrups 糖浆剂• tinctures 酊剂• suspensions 混悬剂• injections 注射剂• eye drops 滴眼剂• tablets 片剂• powders 散剂• capsule 胶囊剂• granules 颗粒剂• drop pills滴丸剂• bioavailability 生物利用度• therapeutic response 治疗效果• systemic circulation 体循环• dynamic equilibrium 动态平衡• plasma concentration 血药浓度• unbound drug 游离药物• therapeutic index 治疗指数• unchanged form 原形；intact form 原形• the time course of drug 药时曲线• c oadministration 同时服用• composition 处方• formulation处方• frequency of administration给药频率• decoction 汤剂• mixtures 合剂• oral liquid 口服液• fluid extracts 流浸膏剂• extracts 浸膏剂• patch 贴膏剂• bolus 丸• powder散• plaster 膏• pellet丹药物分析• analytical chemistry 分析化学• qualitative analysis定性分析• quantitative analysis 定量分析• elements 元素• ions 离子• compounds 化合物• sample composition 样品构成• analysis 分析• analyst 分析者• analyte 分析物• pharmaceutical analysis 药物分析• doping control 兴奋剂检测• formulation analysis制剂分析• physical and chemical inspection 理化检验• finished drugs 药物成品• quality observation 质量考察• preparation formulated 调配制剂• quality control 质量控制• quality standard 质量标准• selective 选择性的• specific 专属性的• method validation 方法学验证• accuracy 准确度• recovery 回收率• spiked recovery 加样回收率• precision 精密度• specificit y 专属性• detection limit 检测限• quantitation limit 定量限• linearity 线性• range 范围• robustness 耐用性• relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差• signal-to-noise ratios 信噪比• HPLC高效液相色谱法• UPLC 超高效液相色谱法• DAD 二极管阵列检测器• UVD 紫外检测器• ELSD 蒸法光散射检测器• MS 质谱• UV-Vis 紫外-可见分光光度计• GC-MS 气相色谱-质谱联用仪• binary gradient mobile phase 二元梯度流动相• chromatographic column色谱柱药品说明书• package insert 说明书• drug instructions 药品说明书• prescribing information 处方信息• Indications and usage 适应症• Dosage and administration 用法用量• Dosage forms and strengths 剂型规格• Contraindications 禁忌症• Warnings 警告• Precautions 注意事项• Adverse reactions 不良反应• Drug interactions 药物相互作用• Overdosage 用药过量• Description 药物介绍• Specific populations 特定人群• Pregnancy 孕妇• Nursing Mothers/ Lactation 哺乳期妇女• Pediatric Use 儿童用药• Geriatric Use 老年人用药• Clinical pharmacology 临床药理学• Mechanism of action 反应机制• Pharmacodynamics 药效学• Pharmacokinetics 药动学• Nonclinical toxicology 非临床毒理学• Carcinogenesis 致癌• Mutagenesis 致突变• Impairment of fertility 致畸• Clinical study 临床研究• How supplied/ Package 包装• Storage 贮存• Shelf life 有效期• Black box warning 黑框警告• active ingredient 活性成分• inactive component 非活性成分• failure/insufficiency 不足• damage/impairment 损伤• hepatic/renal impairment 肝/肾损伤• infectious diarrhea 感染性腹泻• delayed-release tablet 缓释片剂• enteric-coated 包有肠溶衣的•一天两次twice a day• oral administration 口服• ion channel 离子通道• secretion 分泌物• nhibitor 抑制剂• positive patients 阳性患者• area under the curve 曲线下面积• maximum concentration 最大浓度• half-life 半衰期• double-blind 双盲• placebo-controlled 安慰剂对照• placebo-free 无安慰剂• multi-center study 多中心研究中医药• Traditional Chinese Medicine TCM 中医学• Science of Chinese Materia Medica 中药学• Chinese Medicinals 中药(Chines herbs, minerals and animal products)• Chinese herbal medicines 中草药• Crude medicinal materials 中药材• Authentic medicinal materials 道地药材• Processing pieces 中药饮片• Chinese patent medicines 中成药• TCM physician / TCM practitioner 中医医生• Pharmacist of TCM 中药师• University of TCM 中医药大学• properties and actions 药性• processing 炮制• compatibility 配伍• contraindication 禁忌• rehabilitation 康复• health care 保健• harmonious interaction 和谐相互作用• Imbalance 失衡• meridian 经络• symptom 症• syndrome /pattern 证• syndrome differentiation 辩证• pattern discrimination 分型• pathogenic factor 致病因素•four natures 四气寒cold凉cool温warm热hot平neutral•five flavors 五味辛pungent甘sweet苦bitter酸sour咸salty•six excesses 六邪风wind寒cold热fire/heat湿dampness暑summer-heat•阴阳yin and yang表里exterior and interior寒热cold and heat虚实deficiency and excess•升降沉浮lifting, lowering, floating and sinking 毒性toxicity归经meridian tropism•purifying and cutting 修制•processing with water: softening/rinsing水制：润/漂•processing with fire 火制•stir-baking with liquid adjuvants: honey, wine, vinegar, saline, ginger juice炙：蜜糖，酒，醋，盐，姜汁•processing with both and water: steaming, boiling 水火共制：蒸，煮•compatibility 配伍•incompatibility 相反•mutual reinforcement/ assistance 相须/使•mutual restraint/ detoxication/ inhibition 相胃/杀/恶•18反18 incompatible medicaments19畏19 medicaments of mutual antagonisms •oral/external 内服/外用•decoction 汤剂•decocted first/later 先煎/后下•boiled with wrapped herbs 包煎• decocted or boiled separately另煎•解表药CHMs for Relieving Exterior Syndromes •清热药CHMs for Clearing Interior Heat•泻下药Cathartic CHMs•祛湿药CHMs for Removing Dampness•温里药Warming Interior CHMs•理气药CHMs for Regulating Qi•消食药CHMs for Relieving Food Retention•止血药Hemostatic CHMs•活血化瘀药CHMs for Invigorating Circulation and Removing Blood Stasis•化痰止咳药Phlegm Resolving, Antitussive and antiasthmatic CHMs•安神药Tranquillizers•平肝息风药CHMs for Calming the Liver and Stopping Endogenous Wind•开窍药Resuscitative CHMs•补虚药Restorative CHMs。
(完整word版)中医专业英语
Professional English for Traditional Chinese MedicineChinese medicine is to study the relationship between human and nature. It is a natural science which has a long history and rich contents, including basic theory, diagnostics, medicine, clinical medicine, acupuncture, massage, and health rehabilitation. The theoretical system is based on syndrome differentiation, concept of holism and constant dynamic. Nowadays, the significance of TCM has become more obvious.Channel Meridia经络Acupoint穴位Massage推拿Moxibustion艾灸moxa艾条Cupping拔罐The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic 《黄帝内经》The Classic of Difficult Issues 《内经》Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases 《伤寒杂病论》Shen Nong’s Classic of the Materia Medica 《神农本草经》The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic: The Spiritual Pivot 黄帝内经灵枢The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic: Basic Questions 黄帝内经素问Essentials from the Golden Cabinet 金匮要略Yin-yang and Five-element Theory（阴阳五行）2.Mutual Rooting of Yin and Yang 阴阳互根互用3.Waxing and Waning of Yin and Yang 阴阳消长yin waning with yang waxing 阴消阳长yang waning with yin waxing 阳消阴长4.Yin-yang Conversion 阴阳转化Excess of yin or yang 阴阳偏盛Excess of yang——excess-heat syndromeDeficiency of yin or yang 阴阳偏衰——syndrome of deficiency-cold”treating heat with cold”.热者寒之”treating cold with heat”.寒者热之Conception of Five-element TheoryFive-element theory holds that all things in the natural world can be derived fromwood,fire,earth,metal and water and maintain a harmonious balance through the activities of Characteristics of the five elementsThe characteristics of wood: growth,smoothness and regulation（生长、升发、条达、舒畅）.木曰曲直。
《中药学专业英语Traditional-Chinese-Medicines》
Recently, with the changes of human illness the people all over the world are making an appeal to go back to the nature, and getting to like natural resource. Meanwhile the influence of Chinese herbal medicines is over increasing in many countries.
et cetra = and so on
Compilation of Chinese Herbal Drugs 《全国中草药汇编》
An Encyclopedia of Chinese Materia Medica 《中药大辞典》
Chinese National Minorities Medicines, 《中国少数民族药物志》
Quality control is one of the important requirements for satisfactory curative effect of CMM. The scientific research groups, led by Prof. XU Guojun of our university and all, have done systematic studies on 105 different medicinal herbs. eg. Radix Codonopsis, Radix Ophiopogonis, Rhizoma Coptidis, tec., and proposed the criteria and methods of differentiating the Chinese medicinal herbs. It is significant for revising the national standards of some common-used Chinese materia medica.
(完整版)天然药物化学专业英语词汇
天然药物化学专业英语词汇中药traditional Chinese drug生药crude drug草药medicinal herb民族药ethnic drug地产药材native drug道地药材famous-region drug中成药Chinese patent medicine海洋生药学marine pharmacognosy药用植物学medicinal botany植物化学phytochemistry植物化学分类学plant chemotaxonomy生药拉丁名Latin name of crude drug学名scientific name来源source混淆品adulterant类同品allied drug伪品counterfeit drug代用品substitute掺伪adulteration天然产物natural product化学成分chemical constituent有效成分effective constituent主成分main constituent活性成分active constituent莽草酸途径shikimic acid pathway乙酸一丙二酸途径acetate-malonate pathway乙酸- 甲瓦龙酸途径acetate-mevalonate pathway单糖monosaccharide戊糖pentose己精hexose庚糖heptose辛糖octose脱氧糖deoxysaccharide, deoxysugar呋喃糖furanose吡喃糖pyranose寡糖oligosaccharide二糖disaccharide三糖trisaccharide四糖tetrasaccharide五糖pentosacc haride多糖polysaccharide淀粉starch树胶gum果胶pectin半纤维素hemicellulose纤维素cellulose甲壳质chitin肝素heparin硫酸软骨素chondroitin sulfate玻璃酸hyaluronic acid直链淀粉amylose支链淀粉amylopectin糖原glycogen费林试验Fehling test苷glycoside糖杂体heteroside苷元aglycone苦杏仁酶emulsin氰苷cyanogenic glycoside, cyanogenetic glycoside 酚苷phenolic glycoside多酚polyphenol醛苷aldehyde glycoside醇苷alcoholic glycoside吲哚苷indole glycoside树脂醇苷resinol glycoside硫苷thioglycoside呫吨酮xanthone呫吨酮苷xanthonoid glycoside蒽醌anthraquinone蒽醌苷anthraquinone glycoside蒽酚anthranol氧化蒽酚oxanthranol蒽酮anthrone二蒽酮dianthrone羟基蒽醌hydroxyanthraquinone博恩特雷格反应Borntrager reaction 黄酮类flavonoid黄酮苷flavonoid glycoside黄酮flavone黄烷flavane黄酮醇flavonol黄烷酮flavanone黄烷酮醇flavanonol异黄酮isoflavone异黄烷酮isoflavanone新黄酮类neoflavonoid裂环烯醚萜苷secoiridoid glycoside 木脂体lignan木脂内酯lignanolide新木脂体neolignan木素lignin萜terpene萜类terpenoid半萜hemiterpene单萜monoterpene倍半萜sesquiterpene二萜diterpene三萜triterpene四萜tetraterpene多萜polyterpene齐墩果烷oleanane挥发油volatile oil精油essential oil鞣质tannin鞣酸tannic acid可水解鞣质hydrolysable tannin缩合鞣质condensed tannin鞣酐phlobaphene鞣花鞣质ellagitannin没食子鞣质gallotannin双缩脲反应biuret reaction脂肪fat脂肪油fatty oil去油de-fatting蜡wax环烯醚萜苷iridoid glycoside环烯醚萜iridoid裂环烯醚苷secoiridoid皂化saponification酸败rancidity饱和脂肪酸saturated fatty acid不饱和脂肪酸unsaturated fatty acid有机酸organic acid树脂resin油树脂oleoresin树胶树脂gum resin香树脂balsam香脂酸balsamic acid苷树脂glycosidal resin苦味素bitter principle色素pigment微量元素trace element生物碱alkaloid吖啶生物碱acridine alkaloid阿朴啡类生物碱aporphine alkaloid苄基异喹啉生物碱benzylisoquinoline alkaloid双苄基异喹啉生物碱bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid 双吲哚生物碱bisindole alkaloid咪唑生物碱imidazole alkaloid吲哚生物碱indole alkaloid吲哚联啶生物碱indolizidine alkaloid吲哚烷胺生物碱indolylalkylamine alkaloid异喹啉生物碱isoquinoline alkaloid大环生物碱macrocyclic alkaloid吗啡烷生物碱morphinane alkaloid羟吲哚生物碱oxindole alkaloid菲啶生物碱phenanthridine alkaloid苯烷胺生物碱phenylalkylamine alkaloid哌啶生物碱piperidine alkaloid嘌呤生物碱purine alkaloid吡啶生物碱pyridine alkaloid吡咯生物碱pyrrolidine alkaloid吡咯联啶生物碱pyrrolizidine alkaloid喹唑啉生物碱quinazoline alkaloid喹啉生物碱quinoline alkaloid喹啉联啶生物碱quinolizidine alkaloid甾体生物碱steroid alkaloid萜类生物碱terpenoid alkaloid四氢异喹啉生物碱tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid碘化汞钾试剂Mayer's reagent碘化铋钾试剂Dragendorff's reagent碘化钾碘试剂Wagner's reagent硅钨酸试剂Bertrand's reagent, silicotungstic acid reagent磷钼酸试剂Sonnenschein's reagent, phospho-molybdic acid reagent 苦味酸试剂Hager's reagent, picric acid reagent矾酸铵-浓硫酸试液Mandelin test solution钼酸铵-浓硫酸试液Frohde test solution甲醛-浓硫酸试液Marquis test solution莨菪烷tropane莨菪烷生物碱tropane alkaloid除虫菊素类pyrethroid-acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代-form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的，次-ic 酸的，高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐，酰替…胺，酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodo- 碘代iso- 异，等，同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间，偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一，单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻，正，原-ous 亚酸的，低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位，仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高，过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12poly- 聚，多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sexi- 六sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式，同，共ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式，超，跨-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基，价在不同原子上）-yne 炔。
中药专业英语完全版
中国药科大学2009届中药学院专业英语期末整理By YLJL 友情赞助：马志鑫绪论health care卫生健康Chinese traditional medicinal herbs 中草药inciting side-effects明显的副作用go back to the nature回归自然the modernization of Chinese Materia Medica (CMM) 中药现代化Surveys调查special projects专项调查scientific identification科学鉴定chemical constituents化学成分pharmacological experiments 药理实验clinical applications临床适应性monographs 各论、专论manuals 手册Pharmacopoeia 药典therapeutical efficacy疗效黄花蒿( Artemisia annua)，青蒿( Artemisia apiacea) chloroquine resistant malaria/抗氯喹宁疟疾Pernicious（有害的）malaria/恶性疟疾cerebral （大脑的,脑的）malaria/脑疟疾derivatives/衍生物quinine/喹宁harringtonine 三尖杉酯碱homoharringtonine 高三尖杉酯碱extracted from 提取leukemia 白血病malignant lymphoma 恶性淋巴瘤ginkgetin 银杏黄酮criteria 标准revise 修正，校订systematic studies系统研究revising 修订impact n.冲击，碰撞era 时代public health care 公共健康事业basic researches 基础研究production 生产marketing 流通research 研究①Identification of species / 品种鉴定identifying 鉴别clarifying 澄清，阐明confused varieties 易混淆的变种false matters 伪品②Quality control and evaluation/质量的控制和评价intensive 加强的，透彻的contents =components, constituentswith great care :小心翼翼地habitat：产地qualitative and quantitative analysis 定性定量分析③The methods of research研究方法biotechnology 生物技术molecular biology 分子生物学remedy: n. 药物，治疗法，赔偿，v.补救，矫正modern scientific methodologies 现代科学方法exploring new resources 开发新的资源re-producting resources 可持续性利用资源TERMINOLOGY部分要求的词汇中药Traditional Chinese Medicines中药材Chinese Materia Medica (CMM)Traditional Chinese Medicinal MaterialsChinese Crude Drugs中草药Traditional Chinese Medicinal HerbsChinese Herbal Medicines药用植物学Medicinal Plants民间药物Folklore Medicaments Folk Herbs Indigenous Drugs 中成药Traditional Chinese Patent Medicines中药制剂Chinese Medicinal Preparations药用植物学Pharmaceutical Botany生药学Pharmacognosy药用植物分类学Pharmaceutical Plant Taxonomy植物化学Phytochemistry植物化学分类学Plant Chemotaxonomy药用植物志Flora of Medicinal Plants中药药剂学Traditional Chinese Pharmaceutics中药炮制学Science of Processing Chinese Crude Drugs 显微生药学Microscopical Pharmacognosy本草学herbals药典pharmacopoeia细胞cell 细胞壁cell wall初生壁primary wall次生壁secondary wall细胞核nucleus质体plastid叶绿体chloroplast染色体chromoplast纹孔pit结晶体crystal淀粉粒starch granule （grain）脐点hilum(pi.hila)层纹striation单粒single starch granule复粒compound starch granule半复粒semi- compound starch granule 蛋白质protein脂类化合物lipid挥发油volatile oil苷glycoside生物碱alkaloid皂苷saponin萜terpene三萜皂苷triterpenoid黄铜flavonoid蒽醌anthraquinone酚phenol香豆素coumarin鞣质rannin氨基酸amino acid菊糖inuli草酸钙结晶calcium cxalate crystal簇晶clusrer crystal (cluster,druse)针晶acicular crystal (needle) Parenchyma 薄壁组织Parenchymatous cell 包庇细胞Epidermal tissue 表皮组织Epidermis 表皮Cuticle 角质层stoma(pl.stomata) 气孔guard cell 保卫细胞subsidiary cell 副卫细胞非腺毛non-glandular hair腺毛glandular hair腺鳞glandular scale周皮periderm木栓层cork木栓形成层cork cambium (phellogen)栓内层phelloderm皮层cortex皮孔lenticel形成层cambium次生木质部secondary xylem次生韧皮部secondary phloem分泌组织secretory tissue树脂道resin canal厚角组织collenchyma纤维fibre (fiber)韧皮纤维phloem fibre木纤维xylem fibre晶鞘纤维crystal fibre层纹striation木化lignified增厚thickening增厚细胞壁thickened wall导管vessel网纹导管reticulated vessel具缘纹孔导管bordered pitted vessel 筛管sieve tube维管束vascular bundle外韧维管束collateral bundle异性维管束abnormal vascular bundle 形成层成环cambium ring主根main (tap )root定根normal root须根fibrous root不定根adventitious root细根rootler初生构造primary structure次生构造secondary structure皮层cortex中柱鞘pericycle初生木质部primary xylem髓部pith射线ray木栓层cork植物phyta科aceae丹参Pubescent 软毛Stem 4-angled 茎4棱Angled 棱Leaves opposite 叶对生Verticillate 轮生pseudo- 假的Racemes 总状花序stamens 雄蕊Gynobasic 着生于基部的Nutlets 坚果Ellipsoid 椭圆形Vermillion 朱红色serrate 锯齿状的Retuse 浅凹形Falcate 钩状的Filament 花丝Style 花柱Anther 花粉囊fragile: 脆的astringent: 收敛性的ferric chloride: 三氯化铁TS：test solutiondull: 暗的cortex: 栓皮，皮层phelloderm: 栓内层a stoppered test tube: 具塞试管stand for ：静置residue: 残渣reference drug:对照药材CRS：Chemical Reference Standard何首乌perennial 多年生的twining 缠绕的plump 丰满的;胖嘟嘟的herbaceous 草质的petiole 叶柄blade 叶片cordate 心形的glabrous 无毛的，光滑的ocrea 托叶鞘membranous 膜质的terminal: 顶生axillary：腋生panicles：圆锥花序perianth ['periænθ]：花被achene[ə‘ki:n]：瘦果lenticel-like protrusions：皮孔样凸起Texture ：质地fracture：折断面abnormal vascular bundles：异性维管束brocaded ：织成锦缎的starchy：粉性的viscous：粘性的horny：角质样横断面：transverse elongated横切面：transverse section纵切面：longitudinal sectionCork 木栓层Phloem 韧皮部Abnormal vascular bundles 异型维管束Cambium 形成层Xylem 木质部pitted vessel：纹孔导管reticulated vessel：网纹导管scalariform vessel:梯纹导管spiral vessel：螺纹导管stellate :星形的ellipti甘草harmonize：调和mollify：缓和removed from提出ventilated dry place通风干燥处preserved in保存在sunned to晒至branchlets小枝eliminating various toxicities. 消除各种毒素pubescences: 软毛，绒毛，到达青春期；stipules deciduous. 托叶每年落叶的glandular : 腺体的pinnately：羽状的racemes: 总状花序stamens: 雄蕊Calyx 花萼ovary子房corolla 花冠style 花柱Legume 荚果Prickly多刺的calcareous glasslands：钙质草原Ventilated 通风的Bales 大包，捆Furrows 沟纹Sparse 稀疏的cleft：裂隙bud scars 芽痕pith 髓lignified fibres 木化纤维甘草甜素(glycyrrhizin)为甘草酸(glycyrrhizic acid)的钾、钙盐。
专业英语(中药学)1
美国FDA有关文件指出，能够获得FDA批准的仿制药必须满足以下条件：和 被仿制产品含有相同的活性成分，其中非活性成分可以不同；和被仿制产 品的适应症、剂型、规格、给药途径一致；生物等效；质量符合相同的要 求；生产的GMP标准和被仿制产品同样严格
agonists：激动剂，药物如对受体的亲和力很强，内在
方法 应用硅胶柱色谱法对甘西鼠尾根中化学成分进行分离 ,根据理化常数测定 和光谱 (EI MS,1HNMR ,1 3 CNMR , H-H COSY , H-C COSY ,HMBC ,NOESY)分析鉴定化 合物的结构。
杂志目录
Journal of natural products 3.128 Planta medica 2.153 Tetrahedron 3.025 Journal of medicinal chemistry 5.248 Natural prducts reports 9.202 Chemical communication 6.169 Carbohydrate research 2.332 Bioorganic and medicinal chemistry 2.921 Fitoterapia 1.848 Chemistry & biodiversify 1.926 Separation and purification technology 2.921 Heterocycle 0.999 Asian natural products research 0.944 Chinese chemical letters 0.978 Journal of chromatography a 4.531 Journal of chromatography b 2.888
中药专业英语重点词汇
药典• pharmacopoeia 药典• drug standard 药品标准• specifications 检测项目• drug production 药品生存• description 性状• identification 鉴别• purity test 纯度检查• content assay 含量测定• strength 规格• storage贮藏• preparation 制备• drug substances 药品• dosage forms 剂型• compounded preparations复方制剂• excipients 辅料• medical devices 医疗器械• dietary supplements 食品补充剂• excipient 辅料• universal test 常规检查• specific test 专属检查• content assay 含量测定• Gi nsenoside 人参皂苷• diluent 稀释液• Botanic Characteristics 植物学特征• Histology Characteristics 组织学特征• Foreign Organic Matter 外来（有机）物• Alcohol-Soluble Extractives 醇溶物• Loss on Drying 干燥失重• Total Ash 总灰分• Acid-Insoluble Ash 酸不溶灰分• Contaminants 毒害物• Heavy Metals 重金属• Pesticide Residues 农药残留• Specified Microorganisms 微生物抑制菌（控制）• NLT no less than 不少于• NMT no more than 不多于• TLC 薄层色谱法• Standar d solution 对照品• Sample solution 供试品• Adsorbent 吸附剂• Application volume 进样量（应用体积）• Development solvent 展开剂• Spray reagent 显色剂• Acceptance criteria 验收准则• Retention time 保留时间• Extract提取物 extraction 提取• tablet 片剂天然产物化学• natural product 天然产物• chemical compound 化合物• pharmacological activity 药理活性• biological activity 生理活性• drug discovery 药物开发• drug design 药物设计• total synthesis 全合成• semi-synthesis 半合成• marine organism 海洋生物• microorganism fermentation broths 微生物发酵液• compound library 化合物库• pharmacophore 药效团• genomic; prot eome 基因组的；蛋白组• chemical diversity 化学多样性• active principle 活性成分• lead compound 先导化合物• secondary metabolite 二级代谢产物• molecule 分子，微粒• synonymous 同义的• bioassay 生物检定•bioassay-guided isolation 生物活性导向的分离• analogue 类似物• HTS 高通量筛选• combinatorial chemistry 组合化学• dereplication 去重复化• formulation 制剂• mimic 模拟物• de novo 创新• synthetic 合成的• bioactivity 生物活性• biodiversity 生物多样性• antimicrobial 抗微生物的• antiviral 抗病毒的• target 生物靶标• extraction 提取• isolation 分离• identification鉴定• separation 分离，分开• fraction ate 分离• in vivo 体内的• in vitro体外的药理学• pharmacology 药理学• ligand 配体• receptor 受体• mechanism of action 反应机制• absorption 吸收• distribution 分布• biotransformation 吸收，生物转化• metabolism 新陈代谢• excretion 排泄• elimination 消除• medicinal preparation 药物制剂• dosage form剂型• intellige nt prescription 合理的处方• medication 药物治疗• concentration 浓度• active transfer 主动转运• passive transfer 被动转运• Enzymology 酶学• biological membrane 生物膜• pharmacokinetics 药动学• half-life period 半衰期• pharmacodynamics 药效学• preclinical medical science 基础医学• action and effect作用与影响• structure-activity relationship 构效关系• interspecies variation 种属差异• clinical pharmacology 临床药理学• pharmacotherapeutics 药物治疗学• chemotherapeut ic agent 化疗药物• toxicology 毒理学• adverse effect 不良反应• Intoxication 中毒•心 heart cardiac 加粗为形容词•肝 liver hepatic•脾 spleen•肺 lung pulmonary•肾 kidney renal• 肠 intestine intestinal•胃 stomach gastric•胆 bile (胆汁)•尿 urine• LD50半数致死量药剂学• pharmaceutics 药剂学• biopharmaceutics 生物药剂学• new chemical entity (NCE) 新的化学实体分子• medication 治疗药物• route of administration 给药途径• target site 靶部位• formulation 制剂• dosage form; dose 剂型；剂量• DDS drug delivery system 药物传输系统• solid formulation 固体制剂• active ingredient 活性成分• solubility 溶解度• excipient辅料• solutions 溶液剂• aromatic water 芳香水剂• syrups 糖浆剂• tinctures 酊剂• suspensions 混悬剂• injections 注射剂• eye drops 滴眼剂• tablets 片剂• powders 散剂• capsule 胶囊剂• granules 颗粒剂• drop pills滴丸剂• bioavailability 生物利用度• therapeutic response 治疗效果• systemic circulation 体循环• dynamic equilibrium 动态平衡• plasma concentration 血药浓度• unbou nd drug 游离药物• therapeutic index 治疗指数• unchanged form 原形；intact form 原形• the time course of drug 药时曲线• coadministration 同时服用• composition 处方• formulation处方• frequency of administration给药频率• decocti on 汤剂• mixtures 合剂• oral liquid 口服液• fluid extracts 流浸膏剂• extracts 浸膏剂• patch 贴膏剂• bolus 丸• powder散• plaster 膏• pellet丹药物分析• analytical chemistry 分析化学• qualitative analysis定性分析• quantitative analysis 定量分析• elements 元素• ions 离子• compounds 化合物• sample composition 样品构成• an alysis 分析• analyst 分析者• analyte 分析物• pharmaceutical analysis 药物分析• doping control 兴奋剂检测• formulation analysis制剂分析• physical and chemical inspection 理化检验• finished drugs 药物成品• quality observation 质量考察• preparation formulated 调配制剂• quality control 质量控制• quality standard 质量标准• selective 选择性的• specific 专属性的• method validation 方法学验证• accuracy 准确度• recovery 回收率• spiked recovery 加样回收率• precision 精密度• specificity专属性• detection limit 检测限• quantitation limit 定量限• linearity 线性• range 范围• robustness 耐用性• relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差• signal-to-noise ratios 信噪比• HPLC高效液相色谱法• UPLC 超高效液相色谱法• DAD 二极管阵列检测器• UVD 紫外检测器• ELSD 蒸法光散射检测器• MS 质谱• UV-Vis 紫外-可见分光光度计• GC-MS 气相色谱-质谱联用仪• binary gradient mobile phase 二元梯度流动相• chromatographic column色谱柱药品说明书• package insert 说明书• drug instructions 药品说明书• prescribing information 处方信息• Indications and usage 适应症• Dosage and administration 用法用量• Dosage forms and strengths 剂型规格• Contraindication s 禁忌症• Warnings 警告• Precautions 注意事项• Adverse reactions 不良反应• Drug interactions 药物相互作用• Overdosage 用药过量• Description 药物介绍• Specific populations 特定人群• Pregnancy 孕妇• Nursing Mothers/ Lactation 哺乳期妇女• Pediatric Use 儿童用药• Geriatric Use 老年人用药• Clinical pharmacology 临床药理学• Mechanism of action 反应机制• Pharmacodynamics 药效学• Pharmacokinetics 药动学• Nonclinical toxicology 非临床毒理学• Carcino genesis 致癌• Mutagenesis 致突变• Impairment of fertility 致畸• Clinical study 临床研究• How supplied/ Package 包装• Storage 贮存• Shelf life 有效期• Black box warning 黑框警告• active ingredient 活性成分• inactive component 非活性成分• failure/insufficiency 不足• damage/impairment 损伤• hepatic/renal impairment 肝/肾损伤• infectious diarrhea 感染性腹泻• delayed-release tablet 缓释片剂• enteric-coated 包有肠溶衣的•一天两次 twice a day• oral administration 口服• ion channel 离子通道• secretion 分泌物• nhibitor 抑制剂• positive patients 阳性患者• area under the curve 曲线下面积• maximum concentration 最大浓度• half-life 半衰期• randomized 随机的• dou ble-blind 双盲• placebo-controlled 安慰剂对照• placebo-free 无安慰剂• multi-center study 多中心研究中医药• Traditional Chinese Medicine TCM 中医学• Science of Chinese Materia Medica 中药学• Chinese Medicinals 中药(Chines herbs, minerals and animal products) • Chinese herbal medicines 中草药• Crude medicinal materials 中药材• Authentic medicinal materials 道地药材• Processing pieces 中药饮片• Chinese patent medicines 中成药• TCM physician / TCM practitioner 中医医生• Pharmacist of TCM 中药师• University of TCM 中医药大学• properties and actions 药性• processing 炮制• compatibility 配伍• contraindication 禁忌• rehabilita tion 康复• health care 保健• harmonious interaction 和谐相互作用• Imbalance 失衡• meridian 经络• symptom 症• syndrome /pattern 证• syndrome differentiation 辩证• pattern discrimination 分型• pathogenic factor 致病因素• four natures 四气寒 cold凉 cool温 warm热 hot平 neutral• five flavors 五味辛 pungent甘 sweet苦 bitter酸 sour咸 salty• six excesses 六邪风 wind寒 cold热 fire/heat湿 dampness燥 dryness暑summer-heat•阴阳 yin and yang表里 exterior and interior寒热 cold and heat•外用药CHMs for External Application虚实 deficiency and excess•升降沉浮 lifting, lowering, floating and sinking毒性 toxicity归经 meridian tropism• purifying and cutting 修制• processing with water: softening/rinsing 水制：润/漂• processing with fire 火制• stir-baking with liquid adjuvants: honey, wine, vinegar, saline, ginger juice炙：蜜糖，酒，醋，盐，姜汁• processing with both and water: steaming, boiling水火共制：蒸，煮• compatibility 配伍• incompatibility 相反• mutual reinforcement/ assistance 相须/使• mutual restraint/ detoxication/ inhibition 相胃/杀/恶• 18反 18 incompatible medicaments19畏 19 medicaments of mutual antagonisms • oral/external 内服/外用• decoction 汤剂• decocted first/later 先煎/后下• boiled with wrapped herbs 包煎• decoct ed or boiled separately 另煎•解表药CHMs for Relieving Exterior Syndromes•清热药 CHMs for Clearing Interior Heat •泻下药 Cathartic CHMs•祛湿药 CHMs for Removing Dampness•温里药 Warming Interior CHMs•理气药 CHMs for Regulating Qi•消食药 CHMs for Relieving Food Retention •止血药 Hemostatic CHMs•活血化瘀药CHMs for Invigorating Circulation and Removing Blood Stasis•化痰止咳药Phlegm Resolving, Antitussive and antiasthmatic CHMs•安神药 Tranquillizers•平肝息风药CHMs for Calming the Liver and Stopping Endogenous Wind •开窍药 Resuscitative CHMs •补虚药 Restorative CHMs •收敛固涩药 Astringent CHMs。