高考英语二轮复习实用课件：专题二十五高中英语复习之阅读理解长难句理解
插入语
插入语的表现形式是用放在破折号之间，或者放在两个逗号之间。用 插入语把句子主干成分隔开，旨在补充说明前面句子的某些成分（如前面 的名词，动词），同时通过加长句子干扰考生理解句意。
例1：I originally proposed this idea to my headmaster after learning that a former excellent student of mine had transferred out of a selective high school-one that often attracts the literary-minded children of Manhattan's upper classes-into a less competitive setting.
例如：In a company, employees do everything they can to get better pay and higher position, even at the cost of coworkers. 这 里逗号和逗号之间是完整的主句employees do everything they can to get better pay and higher position，必须读。
成分修饰
高中阶段我们学过定语从句，状语从句，非谓语动词。 定语从句是放在名词或代词后的句子用来修饰限定该名词和代词； 状语从句包括原因状语从句，条件状语从句，让步状语从句，结 果状语从句等九种。 非谓语动词包含to do，doing和done三种形式。 那么这些修饰成分有哪些标识可以让学生们容易辨认出来呢？
分析：句子1,2和3是such...that...的结果状语的并列句。第一个that, firstly, 放在such的后面构成such…that句式，如此…以至于。第二个结果并 列句在and，secondly，that…, 第三个结果并列句在and that。
攻克方略：第一步：找出句子主干；第二步：找出并列的词，比如： and，but，or等词；第三步：看并列的是fact，when we say that all of us must be educated to fit us for life， it means that we must be educated in such a way that, [1] firstly, each of us can do whatever work suited to his brains and ability and, [2] secondly, that we can realize that all jobs are necessary to society， and[3] that is very bad to be ashamed of one's work.
改变语序
英语中的特殊句式，使句子的顺序发生改变，如倒装句或 强调句。倒装句中有一种情况是通过加助动词使句子变长，强 调句是加了it is that/who使句子加长。只有辨别出它们，才能 很好的理解句子。
例1：Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid - that students haven't just searched the Internet to get the right answers. 分析：这是由only+with 引导的半倒装，can Internet universities show是一个倒装句。还原成陈述句语序应为 Internet can show…。
注意：高中阶段除了学习了定语从句和状语从句外，还学 习了名词性从句，名词性从句不属于"成分修饰"，笔者把它 归为"成分"。名词性从句是在句子中作主语，宾语，表语， 同位语成分的句子。在分析长难句时，把名词性从句挑出来， 分析是作哪一种成分的。方便更好地理解句子。
并列式
所谓并列式，即一个句子中出现若干个并列的成分，如主 语，谓语，宾语，定语，状语，补语等并列或者通过and， but和or连接起来的并列成分。
非谓语标识
一个完整的句子中或者单独一个句子中出现to do，doing，done。 可作状语和定语。有逗号的句子非谓语作状语；没有逗号的两个句子中且 放名词后的非谓语是作定语的。
例1：To see policemen with guns in the airport for the first time was frightening-in Cyprus, they're very relaxed-and I got pulled over by customs officers just for taking a woolen sweater with some metal-made buttons out of my case in the arrivals hall.
例1：In fact，when we say that all of us must be educated to fit us for life， it means that we must be educated in such a way that, [1] firstly, each of us can do whatever work suited to his brains and ability and, [2] secondly, that we can realize that all jobs are necessary to society， and[3] that is very bad to be ashamed of one's work.
分析：划线部分是to do结构，且Cyprus后有逗号，故to do在此句中是作 状语的。
例2：A new review based on a research[1] shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (负面的) consequences of a decision.[2]
定语从句标识
被修饰名词或代词后面加了that, who, which, when, where, why等关系代词或者关系副词 引导的句子。
例1：The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversions and truly engage complex ideas.
分析：句子1中based on research是非谓语动词做定语修饰review，句子 2中that acute stress affects the way是shows的宾语从句，the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages是定语从句修饰the way，句子 3中causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (负面的) consequences of a decision.是非谓语动词做结果状语。
分析：非谓语1放在没有逗号的两个句子中且放名词后故句 子1是作定语的；非谓语2用逗号和前面句子隔开，故非谓语 2是作状语的。
有时候，长难句的包装并不只是以上三种成分中的单一成分进行包装， 有时候会把以上三种包装方式综合在一个句子里，比如下面这句：
例1： A new review based on a research[1] shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages,[2] causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (负面的) consequences of a decision.[3]
分析：破折号中间的-one that often attracts the literary-minded children of Manhattan's upper classes-是插入成分，补充说明前面的a selective high school.
攻克方略
阅读时可跳过两个破折号或者逗号之间的成分，但一定要注 意，破折号和逗号之间的成分如果是一个完整的主句则必须读。
分析：why I ask students to leave technology at the door是放在名词reason后的句子， 故此句是定语从句。
状语从句标识
状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。 一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、 条件、让步、比较和方式。 连接词有when，although，if，so that等 例1：Even though we may feel in our business dealings or social relationships that we are listening well, what we are usually doing is listening selectively. 分析：划线部分是一个由even though引导的让步状语从句，翻译 为：虽然，但是。
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高中英语长难句分析课件
高中英语长难句分析课件一、教学内容二、教学目标1. 能够识别并分析长难句的主要结构，提高阅读理解能力。
2. 学会运用句子成分分析法和从句、非谓语动词知识解析长难句。
3. 培养学生独立解析长难句的能力，增强英语学习的自信心。
三、教学难点与重点教学难点：长难句的结构识别、句子成分分析、从句和非谓语动词的应用。
教学重点：培养学生分析长难句的能力，提高阅读理解水平。
四、教具与学具准备1. 教师准备：PPT课件、黑板、粉笔。
2. 学生准备：笔记本、教材、文具。
五、教学过程1. 实践情景引入（5分钟）通过展示一段包含长难句的英文文章，让学生尝试阅读并理解，引出长难句分析的重要性。
2. 知识讲解（15分钟）讲解长难句的主要结构，引导学生识别句子成分，介绍从句和非谓语动词在长难句中的应用。
3. 例题讲解（15分钟）选取教材中的典型长难句进行解析，讲解分析方法和步骤。
4. 随堂练习（10分钟）学生独立分析教材中的长难句，教师巡回指导，解答学生疑问。
5. 小组讨论（10分钟）学生分组讨论，共同解析长难句，分享解题心得。
六、板书设计1. 长难句主要结构2. 句子成分分析法3. 从句和非谓语动词在长难句中的应用七、作业设计1. 作业题目：分析教材中的五个长难句，并写出解析过程。
2. 答案：略。
八、课后反思及拓展延伸2. 拓展延伸：鼓励学生课外阅读，积累长难句素材，提高英语阅读水平。
重点和难点解析1. 教学内容的选取与组织2. 教学目标的设定3. 教学难点与重点的区分4. 教学过程的实施5. 板书设计6. 作业设计一、教学内容的选取与组织教学内容应紧密围绕长难句分析这一主题，选取具有代表性的例句和练习题。
组织上应遵循由浅入深、循序渐进的原则，先讲解长难句的基本结构，再逐步过渡到句子成分分析、从句和非谓语动词的应用。
二、教学目标的设定教学目标应明确、具体、可操作。
本节课的三条教学目标分别关注阅读理解、分析方法及学习自信心的培养。
2024届高考英语长难句分析专题课件
【句式翻译】 那时，人们更多的相信宗教，而不是实事。像伽利略这样证明了例如“地球不是宇宙的中 心”等科学观点的人常常被教会惩罚。
【句式分析】本句包含一个定语从句，who proved scientific ideas…修饰先行词Galilei。
【词语点拨】1) believe in 相信，信仰
Our teacher always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
imprisoned. 正义确定要求严惩凶手。常识也要求社会受到保护不被（恶人）侵犯。但 是无论正义还是自我保护都没有要求我们处死已被监禁的囚犯。 第二、三两句中的第一个词均为并列连词，他们起承上启下的作用。 三个句子中各有一个that引导的宾语从句，最后一句中还有一个由whom 引导的、修饰men的定语从句
averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals中的those指代the averages。 （2023新课标ome inexpensive or even throwaway,
1. Such tasks are generally important in their outcome，which only adds to the pressure to do good job，and yet their very complexity
makes it difficult to know just where or how to begin. 这些任务的结果通常都很重要，这为做好工作增加了压力，然而这些 任务的复杂性使人很难知道该从何处开始和怎样开始。 这是一个并列复合句。 在第一个并列分句中，有一个非限制性定语从句，但它不修饰outcome， 而是修饰前面的整个分句。后一并列分句中有一个复合宾语结构，用it 作形式宾语，实际宾语为带有连接副词的不定式短语。
【句式分析】本句包含一个定语从句，who proved scientific ideas…修饰先行词Galilei。
【词语点拨】1) believe in 相信，信仰
Our teacher always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
imprisoned. 正义确定要求严惩凶手。常识也要求社会受到保护不被（恶人）侵犯。但 是无论正义还是自我保护都没有要求我们处死已被监禁的囚犯。 第二、三两句中的第一个词均为并列连词，他们起承上启下的作用。 三个句子中各有一个that引导的宾语从句，最后一句中还有一个由whom 引导的、修饰men的定语从句
averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals中的those指代the averages。 （2023新课标ome inexpensive or even throwaway,
1. Such tasks are generally important in their outcome，which only adds to the pressure to do good job，and yet their very complexity
makes it difficult to know just where or how to begin. 这些任务的结果通常都很重要，这为做好工作增加了压力，然而这些 任务的复杂性使人很难知道该从何处开始和怎样开始。 这是一个并列复合句。 在第一个并列分句中，有一个非限制性定语从句，但它不修饰outcome， 而是修饰前面的整个分句。后一并列分句中有一个复合宾语结构，用it 作形式宾语，实际宾语为带有连接副词的不定式短语。
高考英语二轮专题复习 阅读理解之长难句分析课件(共23张PPT)
Application
9.Para6: In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too.
Ｑ４：强调句 It is/was+被强调部分+that+剩余部分 方法：还原
2 0 2 0 高考英语二轮专题复习 阅读理解之长难句分析课件(共2 3 张P P T )
How ？ 化繁为简，主干先行，层层分解
Step1: 判断简单句，并列复合句还是主从复合句（找关联词）
Step2: 直接找主谓
分别找主谓（先主后从）
What ？
Common sense
长（结构复杂，修饰附加成分多，插入语，同位语，有时还会出现倒装或省略现象）— 难。
Ｑ１：复杂的修饰成分, 大段的插入或同位语等 打断思路-----俗称“打岔”。 方法：提主干，去枝叶
Ｑ２：倒装句 方法：还原
Ｑ３：省略
方法：还原
2 0 2 0 高考英语二轮专题复习 阅读理解之长难句分析课件(共2 3 张P P T )
他们声名大噪不是因为与人友好而是通过抽烟，违纪和 取笑他人，我很快就发现自己成为其中的一员。
2 0 2 0 高考英语二轮专题复习 阅读理解之长难句分析课件(共2 3 张P P T )
2 0 2 0 高考英语二轮专题复习 阅读理解之长难句分析课件(共2 3 张P P T )
Application
3. Para3: Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences.
长难句分析理解课件+-2022届高考英语复习
06
Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups.
确定主语，调整语序，把握大意
Exercise 6
英语长难句结构分析法
枝叶1：介词短语作状语
枝叶2：同位语
忽略插入成分，直奔句子主题
Exercise 4
(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ·阅读D) . The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients， while a cheater might use it to control potential victims.
介词短语
数字
介词短语
时间状语
目的状语
时间状语
时间状语
Having chosen family television programs and women’s magazines，the toothpaste marketer，for instance，must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific women’s magazines to be used.
较复杂单句的处理方法---去枝叶，留主干
枝叶3：后置定语
枝叶1:时间状语
枝叶2：插入语
Exercise 2
第二类：并列句（句中含大量的插入语、修饰成分、同位语等，他们打断读者的思路） 方法：一圈，二划，三会意
Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups.
确定主语，调整语序，把握大意
Exercise 6
英语长难句结构分析法
枝叶1：介词短语作状语
枝叶2：同位语
忽略插入成分，直奔句子主题
Exercise 4
(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ·阅读D) . The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients， while a cheater might use it to control potential victims.
介词短语
数字
介词短语
时间状语
目的状语
时间状语
时间状语
Having chosen family television programs and women’s magazines，the toothpaste marketer，for instance，must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific women’s magazines to be used.
较复杂单句的处理方法---去枝叶，留主干
枝叶3：后置定语
枝叶1:时间状语
枝叶2：插入语
Exercise 2
第二类：并列句（句中含大量的插入语、修饰成分、同位语等，他们打断读者的思路） 方法：一圈，二划，三会意
长难句分析课件+-2023届高三英语二轮复习
●句意：今天所有的三代人都认为这次搬迁非常成功，让他们拥有 了比在不同的城市居住更加密切的关系。
●②In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've got 72 hours at most. (2016全国卷ⅠC篇)
●此句的主语为we,谓语为have got，宾语为72 hours。 句中的In all和at most均为状语，from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor to the time they can be implanted in the patient为时间状语。
简单句的基本句型
五 ） 主语+谓语+宾语补足语
1.We have proved him wrong. 2.What make you think so? 3.He found the child fast asleep. 4.You should keep the room clean and tidy. 5.He likes to watch the boys playing basketball. 6.We hear her sing next door.
● 主干：
● 2.They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.
●②In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've got 72 hours at most. (2016全国卷ⅠC篇)
●此句的主语为we,谓语为have got，宾语为72 hours。 句中的In all和at most均为状语，from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor to the time they can be implanted in the patient为时间状语。
简单句的基本句型
五 ） 主语+谓语+宾语补足语
1.We have proved him wrong. 2.What make you think so? 3.He found the child fast asleep. 4.You should keep the room clean and tidy. 5.He likes to watch the boys playing basketball. 6.We hear her sing next door.
● 主干：
● 2.They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.
2024届高考英语长难句理解专题复习课件
引导状从的：时间条件让步原因目的结 果方式
引导名从的：谓语前是主语；谓语后是 表、宾；名词后说明名词具体内容的是 同从
介词： 找到介词画括号，画到名词(短语)后面 阅读:根据提问，提取信息 翻译:依据逻辑，串联信息 先后、因果、具体到抽象、 抽象到具体
第一步:标连介(非)来断句 第二步:主干/修饰分得清 第三步:信息提取或排序
参考译文：第一枚联邦鸭子邮票是由来自洛瓦州得梅 因的政治漫画家J.N.“Ding'Darling设计的，他当时被富兰 克林·罗斯福总统任命为生物调查局局长。
主句：邮票被设计stants )(of every duck stamp dollar) goes (directly) into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund )to purchase目的 wetlands and wildlife habitat野生动物栖息地 (for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures从句谓 语 this land will be protected宾从谓语 and available for all generations to come.
2024届高考英语 长难句理解复习
长难句划分：阅读的本质是什么？
5W1H：who？谁？什么东西？ what？干啥了？where？在哪儿？ when？啥时候？why？为啥？ how？咋样啊？ 词的问题:词汇量少；对词汇的认识 不对、不够
句的问题:信息量太多，记不住、脑 容量不够
在阅读中需要的是思考成分的语意功 能(谈论的对象、做了什么、修饰成 分、时间条件目的原因等)
引导名从的：谓语前是主语；谓语后是 表、宾；名词后说明名词具体内容的是 同从
介词： 找到介词画括号，画到名词(短语)后面 阅读:根据提问，提取信息 翻译:依据逻辑，串联信息 先后、因果、具体到抽象、 抽象到具体
第一步:标连介(非)来断句 第二步:主干/修饰分得清 第三步:信息提取或排序
参考译文：第一枚联邦鸭子邮票是由来自洛瓦州得梅 因的政治漫画家J.N.“Ding'Darling设计的，他当时被富兰 克林·罗斯福总统任命为生物调查局局长。
主句：邮票被设计stants )(of every duck stamp dollar) goes (directly) into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund )to purchase目的 wetlands and wildlife habitat野生动物栖息地 (for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures从句谓 语 this land will be protected宾从谓语 and available for all generations to come.
2024届高考英语 长难句理解复习
长难句划分：阅读的本质是什么？
5W1H：who？谁？什么东西？ what？干啥了？where？在哪儿？ when？啥时候？why？为啥？ how？咋样啊？ 词的问题:词汇量少；对词汇的认识 不对、不够
句的问题:信息量太多，记不住、脑 容量不够
在阅读中需要的是思考成分的语意功 能(谈论的对象、做了什么、修饰成 分、时间条件目的原因等)
2024届高三英语二轮复习真题长难句分析课件
And thousands of terrified(badly frightened)watchers stared with their hearts beating fast. 成千上万感到很害怕的观众盯着看，他们的心跳很快。 简析：含with构成的介词短语。
Already she does many things a human being can do. 她已经会做一个人能做的许多事情。 简析：含定语从句。
It wasn’t long before the police caught the thief. 很快警察抓住了那个小偷。 简析：句型结构It wasn’t long before+从句，很快就…
Then, I noticed a tall man by the door, carrying something covered with brown paper. 接着，我注意到门旁一个高个子男人，拿着用棕色纸遮 盖着的某种东西。 简析：含两个分词短语。
In fact the more he watched the play, the more he felt himself part of it. 实际上，他越是观看这台戏剧，他越是认为自己已进入角色。 简析：句型结构the more…the more…越…越…
It happened that father had sent us upstairs because he thought he would be able to lock the door—which was twenty feet away—before the animal reached it. 事情发生是这样的,爸爸先把我们送上楼，因为他原以为他能够 在那个动物赶到之前(距离20英尺远)将门锁上。 简析：句型结构It happened that…事情发生是这样的…
高考英语_2020年高中英语二轮复习_破解文章长难句_阅读理解_课件(全国通用版)
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Unit 1
Unit 2
Unit 3
Unit 4
6.(2019全国Ⅲ,D篇)A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward.
provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training. 句意:如果你是一个住在这个省某个地方的青少年,你就符合这
个项目的条件,这个项目提供为期八周的带薪工作和培训。 分析:本句是一个主从复合句。句首是If引导的条件状语从句,第
二个逗号之后为which引导的非限制性定语从句,对先行词program 进行补充和说明。
but by smoking cigarettes,breaking rules and playing jokes on
others,among whom I soon found myself.
句意:他们地位的升迁不是靠为人友好,而是靠抽烟、违反规定
和开别人的玩笑,我很快就发现自己是其中一员。
分析:本句是一个复合句。among whom引导非限制性定语从句。
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Unit 1
Unit 2
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6.(2019全国Ⅰ,七选五)Hospital patients who see tree branches out
their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see
2024届高考英语二轮复习阅读长难句分析课件(共22张PPT)
2024届高考英语二轮复习阅读长难句分析课件(共22张PPT)(共22张PPT)英语长难句的分析与应用Analysis and Application of Long and Complex Sentences③Steps to draw a tree①②trunkbranchesleavesLead-inA complex sentenceShe smiled. ①主+谓I love you. ②主+谓+宾I give you my heart. ③主+谓+间宾+直宾You make me crazy. ④主+谓+宾+宾补You are wonderful. ⑤主+系+表五大基本句型Basic Sentence Patterns主语subject+ 谓语verb= trunkExplanation句子种类Four Types of Sentences简单句Simple Sentences: 仅一个主谓结构并列句Compound Sentences: 并列连词连接句子和句子（and, but, so，while，or……)复合句Complex Sentences: 从属连词连接从句和主句（状从，定从，名从）（when, if, because,which,who,that, where,what, why,how……)并列复合句Compound-Complex Sentences: 有并列连词和从属连词branchesExplanationWhat makes a sentence complex介词短语、从句、非谓语动词（三长）形容词、副词（两短）同位语、插入语（两语）并列结构（一并列）修饰语leavesExplanation介词短语从句非谓语动词形容词副词同位语插入语并列结构The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help their patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. (2023 新高考全国Ι卷)Warming-up Exercise1.Coffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. （22甲B）2.The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.（22甲C）3. Accompanied throughout by "New Scientist" astronomer and science journalist Abigail Beall, tourists will observe stars through telescopes at the observatories in person and meet local experts.（9月限时训练）同位语同位语从句非谓语动词做状语说出划线部分是修饰语中的哪一种介词短语4.They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. (22乙B)5.When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others. (21甲D)并列结构状语从句插入语插入语：解释说明作用，常用逗号或破折号，如“according to……”等，阅读时可以__________。
2024届高三英语高考第二轮复习之高考长难句的剖析及应用课件
typical white walls and black tiles, forming a beautiful natural
picture.
加非谓语动词短语
Homework: 2024全国高考乙
卷长难句分析
Thank You!
4)那有着层层 种植油菜花的 金黄的梯田，与白墙黛瓦的居民屋 交相辉映，构成一副唯美的天然画卷。
4) There are layers of golden terraces planted with oilseed rape
flowers, which complement the residential buildings with their
加非谓语（短语）
8. Jack, the son of Mr. Smith, who owns 5 big business companies in USA, accidentally met a beautiful girl, when he was trying to buy a shirt in a shop, and he soon fell in love with her, wishing to take care of her during the rest of his life.
高考长难句的 剖析及应用
part 1: Simple sentence 简单句
part 2: The formation of a long sentence 长难句
CONTENT part 3:Analysis of long sentences
in College Entrance Examination 剖析分解高考中的长难句
3) There are layers of golden terraces planted with oilseed rape flowers, which complement the residential buildings with their typical white walls and black tiles.