2016版高一英语专题09短文填空有法可依暑假作业(含解析)

专题09短文填空有法可依【理论回顾】一、语法填空概念1. 短文题材：题材多样，或体现文化内涵、文化交往，或给人以启迪等。

2. 短文长度：约200词，一般不超过12句话，设10个空，句首不设空。

3. 短文难度：没有超出课标的生词，但有课标单词的派生词，此题考查考生在特定语境中语法的分析和运用能力。

4. 考点设臵：只能填一个词的纯空格题：设6-7个小题；用所给的词填空题：设3-4小题。

纯空格题通常考冠词、介词、代词和连词等词；给词填空通常考谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级、此类转换等，答案可能是一个单词、两个单词或两个以上单词。

5. 常常会出现所填词位于句首，目的是考查该单词的第一个字母要大写。

二、语法填空做题原则语法填空题主要考查的是语法和上下文的连贯性，而语法是重点。

它主要考查的内容为高中英语大纲要求的基本语法知识、词汇、习语和较为简单的英语表达方式的掌握情况。

具体考点和命题特点如下：1．每一个空格的设臵都必定涉及到某一条或某几条语法规则，不会单纯考查单词的拼写和词组的用法。

例1：In Greece women had little freedom.Wealthy women hardly left their houses,but they ___(allow) to attend weddings and some festivals.【解析】因allow 与they 在逻辑上是动宾关系，要用被动语态，用be allowed;由 had 和left 可知be 是过去式；主语是复数they, be 的过去式应是were, 答案就是were allowed. 此题就涉及到动词的时态、语态和主谓一致三条语法规则。

例2：The ___ why I was sad was that he didn’t understand me.2.考虑语境。

既然采用短文形式来考查语法，其目的就是要利用短文以较强的语境特点来命题，否则，就不如用单句来考查语法了，考生要想填出正确答案，至少要理解整个句子的意思或各分句之间的逻辑关系，或者需要理解前后几个句子，甚至整个段落或篇章。

例3：Several changes have brought wild animals to the ____.Foremost, air and waterquality in many cit ies have improved as a result of the 1970’s pollution control efforts.【解析】：在冠词the后必定是名词，再根据下句确定填cities。

本题若只根据设空格本身，而不阅读并理解下文。

是无法填出正确答案的。

3.考点分散。

基本上一个空格代表一个语法点，十个空格有可能涉及十个或十个以上的语法点。

至少也得有7个语法点。

因此，重复考查某项语法的可能性较小，填词相同的空格几乎没有可能。

4.适当提示。

涉及到动词的时态，语态、非谓语动词、词类转换等需要词形变换的空格，要紧扣上下文的信息提示。

例4：Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,____(reach) a record $57.65 a barrel on April 4.【解析】reach及后面的内容是伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果。

用现在分词作状语，故填reaching。

例5：It would be _____(believe) that such an honest fellow should have betrayed his friends!三、语法填空基础考点考题一般涉及到的语法项目：1）动词与介词或副词搭配构成的固定动词短语2）冠词的用法：有时要填的词是名词，但往往考的是冠词的用法3）连词的用法，包括从属连词和并列连词4）派生词的用法5）动词的适当形式（包括谓语动词的时态和语态以及非谓语动词的用法等）6）情态动词的用法7）定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句的引导词等8）代词的用法：人称代词、指示代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词等【想一想】如果遇到纯空格试题，该怎么做？【练一练】A篇Once there lived a rich man ___1___wanted to do something for the people of his town. But first he wanted to find out whether they deserved his help. In the centreof the main road into the town, he placed___2___very large stone. Then he___3___(hide) behind a tree and waited. Soon an old man came along with his cow. “Who put this stone in the centre of the road?” said the old man, but he did nottry to remove the stone. Instead, with some difficulty he passed around the stoneand continued on his way. ___4___man came along and did the same thing; then another came, and another. All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove___5___. Late in the afternoon a young man came along. He saw the stone, ___6___(say) to himself, “The night ___7___(be) very dark. Some neighbors will come along later in the dark and will fall against the stone.”Then he began to move the stone. He pushed and pulled with all his ___8___ (strong) to move it. How ___9___(greatly) his surprise was at last! ___10___ the stone, he found a bag of money.1. _________2._________3._________4._________5._________6. _________7._________8._________9._________10._________B篇Taking a taxi in a certain Eastem European country can be 1 shocking experience. It is said 2 some taxi drivers have metal wires stuck into the passenger seats. And 3 a button is pushed, theseat will give you an electric shock. These taxi drivers don't do this 4 fun. They do it to tourists 5argue about the ridiculous fares they charge. Some drivers charge as much 6 ten times the legal fare.They have a secret switch which 7 (make) the meters much faster. If you refuse to pay, you are really infor a shock.In one case, a German woman had no 8 but to pay US' $120 for a US $ 20 ridefrom the airport.She said that she was "really taken for a ride," but what couldshe do? Besides the electric shock, she wasverbally 9 (abuse) and threatened with physical violence. She has only one piece of advice for tourists,"Take the bus 10 stay at home."1. _________2._________3._________4. _________5._________6. _________7._________8._________9._________10._________C篇One evening, I came acros s one of son’s papers with a failing grade. I almost started to yell his name 1 I suddenly remembered he was in bed asleep. It was his 2 (nine) year of school and his academic career seemed to be in ruins, so I was angry. But I put the paper aside and turned to the 3 one, at the top of which were written “My dad”. It was a poem about me, 4 included the time I had to leave work to take him to the hospital because he 5 (break) his finger. So careless was I 6 I had forgotten all about that. He talked about how I wrestled with him in the evenings and 7 good many other things. That paper was suddenly not nearly as important as it had been a few minutes 8 . I don’t know if he planted the poem next to the failing grade to 9 (soft) the blow, but it worked. Instead of a severe lecture, I talked to him about the poem as well as the failed homework, and it began to make sense to me that I could include praise along 10 constructive criticism.1. _________2._________3._________4. _________5._________6. _________7._________8._________9._________10._________【乐一乐】First FlightMr. Johnson had never been up in an airplane before and he had read a lot about air accidents, so one day when a friend offered to take him for a ride in his own small plane, Mr. Johnson was very worried about accepting. Finally, however, his friend persuaded him that it was very safe, and Mr. Johnson boarded the plane. His friend started the engine and began to taxi onto the runway of the airport. Mr. Johnson had heard that the most dangerous part of a flight were the take-off and the landing, so he was extremely frightened and closed his eyes. After a minute or two he opened them again, looked out of the window of the plane, and said to his friend, "Look at those people down there. They look as small as ants, don'tthey?""Those are ants," answered his friend. "We're still on the ground."约翰逊先生从前未乘过飞机，他读过许多关于飞行事故的报道。