专题03-2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习-阅读理解(原卷版)
2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习03科普环保类1.（2020·新课标Ⅱ）阅读理解Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents' income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age."The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes," Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls.The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.（1）In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?A.Building confidence.B.Developing spatial skills.C.Learning self-control.D.Gaining high-tech knowledge.（2）What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment？A.Parents' age.B.Children's imagination.C.Parents' education.D.Child-parent relationship.（3）How do boy differ from girls in puzzle play?A.They play with puzzles more often.B.They tend to talk less during the game.C.They prefer to use more spatial language.D.They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.（4）What is the text mainly about?A.A mathematical method.B.A scientific study.C.A woman psychologistD.A teaching program.2.（2019·浙江）阅读理解California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor（因素）.The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）.But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model thatcalculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt（融雪）.Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.（1）What is the second paragraph mainly about?A.The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.B.The increasing variety of California big trees.C.The distribution of big trees in California forests.D.The influence of farming on big trees in California.（2）Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?A.Ecological studies of forests.B.Banning woodcutting.C.Limiting housing development.D.Fire control measures.（3）What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre?A.Inadequate snowmelt.B.A longer dry season.C.A warmer climate.D.Dampness of the air.（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?A.California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?B.Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon.C.Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?D.Patrick Mclntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California3.（2019·北京）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
专题03-2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习-语法填空(原卷版)
2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习03语法填空1.（2014·上海）My Stay in New YorkAfter graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York,________I might have a better chance to find a good job. ________ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter. I believe that________ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already ________ (exhaust) shoulder. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had just said that ________ I want to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps ________my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind.I just did as she had expected.Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty________ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned ________I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.2.（2014·上海）任务型阅读The giant vending machine (自动售货机) is a new village shopVillagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in form of the country’s first auto matic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire Village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week.Peter Fox, who is________electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine ________ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention,________ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.He said:“ I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn’t find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by________ The result is what amounts to huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term “automatic shop” is far ________ (appropriate) In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains________ force village shops across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed,________ (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores.Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution________these villages without a local shop.3.Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. accessB. alternativesC. designedD. confirmedE. conflictingF. elementsG. functionH. innovativeI. prospectiveJ. separateK. supporting Considering how much time people spend in effects, it is important that with A be well designed. Well-designed office spaces help create a corporation’s image. They motivate workers and they make an impression on people who visit and might be potential, or________ , customers. They make business work better, and they are a part of the corporate culture to live in.As we move away from an industrial-based economy to a knowledge-based one, office designers come up with ________ to the traditional work environments of the past. The design industry has moved away from a fixed office setup and created more flexible “strategic management environments.” These ________ solutions are meant to support better organizational performance.As employee hierarchies （等级制度）have flattened or decreased, office de signers’ response to this change has been to move open-plan areas to more desirable locations within the office and create fewer formal private offices. The need for increased flexibility has also been ________ by changes in workstation design. Office and work spaces often are not ________ to a given person on a permanent basis. Because of changes to methods of working, new design allow for expansion or movement of desks, storage, and equipment within the workplace. Another important design goal is communication, which designers have improved by breakingthe walls that ________ workstations. Designers have also created informal gathering places and upgraded employees’________ to heavily trafficked areas such as copy and coffee rooms. Corporate and institutional office designers often struggle to resolve a number of competing and often ________ demands, including budgetary limits, employees hierarchies and technological innovation (especially in relation to computerization). These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors (内饰) that in some way enhance, establish or possess a company’s image and will enable employees to ________ and their best.All these ________ of office design are related. The most successful office designs are like good marriage—the well-designed office and the employees that occupy it are seemingly made for each other.4.Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Gift from a strangerMy local supermarket is always busy. The first parking space I found was convenient, but I'd noticed a woman in a blue car circling for a while. ________ I was in a good mood, I let her have it. On the edge of the car park I backed into the next available spot—it was a tight fit.Pretty soon I'd made my way through the supermarket and was back in the fresh air. Feeling good, I ________ (empty) my purse change into the hands of a homeless man and helped a struggling woman reverse park（倒车）.Just as I approached my car, 1 saw the woman I'd let have my car space earlier. She was giving me ________ odd look—half puzzled, half intent (热切的). I smiled and wished her a pleasant day. As I squeezed back into my car, I spotted the same lady ________ (look) in at me. "Hello," she said, hesitantly. "This ________ sound crazy but I was on my way to drop some of my mother's things off at the charity bins.” You are just so much________her.” You helped those people, I noticed, and you seemed so happy.” She looked at me meaningfully and passed a box in through the window. “I think she would like you to have it.”________(shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away.After a pause, I opened the box. Inside was a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl. It was________ (nice) gift I'd ever received, and it was from a complete stranger. The necklace was around my neck, a warm reminder of human kindness.。
(全国卷Ⅲ)2021年高考英语压轴卷(含解析)
（全国卷Ⅲ）2021年高考英语压轴卷听（全国卷Ⅲ）2021年高考英语压轴卷（含解析）带听力第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分 30 分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。
从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What did the woman’s mother take away from her?A. A camera.B. A computer.C. A cellphone.2. When does the mailman usually come?A. By 4:00 p.m.B. By 5:00 p.m.C. After 6:00 p.m.3. What will the woman probably do?A. Get ready for the test.B. Stop playing the music.C. Study with the man.4. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Classmates.B. Strangers.C. Neighbors.5. Where does the woman want to go?A. A park.B. A bank.C. A hotel.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6、7题。
专题03 阅读理解之人物传记类--备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练(通用版)【原卷版】
专题03 人物传记类P a r t1题型总览【题型综述】人物传记类阅读理解在近年高考中频繁出现，主要以介绍科学家、文学家等杰出人物在各自领域所取得的重大成就，尤其注重介绍这些杰出人物如何克服身体残缺、自然环境和社会环境所造成的各种困难。
体裁一般是记叙文，写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。
【技巧点拨】人物传记类文章多为记叙文，命题以细节为主，推理为辅。
应特别注意对人物的外貌、语言、动作和思想的描写，从而把握人物性格特点和作者的情感态度。
阅读时，我们可以先浏览题干，看一下哪几道题是有关细节理解的，抓住题干关键词，然后再到文章中查找并阅读与之有关的句子。
【读相关词】1.wisdom n．智慧；明智2.intelligent adj. 聪明的；智能的3.gifted adj. 有才能的4.outgoing adj. 爱交际的；外向的5.outstanding adj. 杰出的6.virtue n．美德；正直的品行7.optimistic adj. 乐观主义的8.achievement n．成就；成绩；功绩9.admire v. 钦佩；欣赏10.attractive adj. 有魅力的11.confident adj. 自信的12.enthusiastic adj. 热情的13.creative adj. 富有创造力的14.energetic adj. 精力旺盛的15.biography n.传记16.autobiography n. 自传;自传体小说17.fantasy n. 想象;幻想;幻想作品18.novelist n. 小说家19.event n. 重要的事;重大事件;赛事;演艺会20.incident n. 生活中印象深刻的小事;不寻常或不愉快的小事;政治事件/事变21.witness v. 当场看到;目击22.witness n. 目击者;见证人23.intellectual a.脑力的;推理的;有智慧的24.talented/gifted a. 有才艺的25.personable a .品貌兼优的26.brilliant a. 绝妙的;明亮的;才华横溢的27.approachable a. 和蔼可亲的;浅显易懂的28.demanding a. 要求高的;要求急严的29.absent-minded a. 心不在焉的30.conservative a. 保守的;守旧的31.know-all a. 博学多知的32.sense of humour 幽默感33.be ready to 乐于34.modest and honest 谦虚诚实35.adapt (oneself) to 适应于……36.have difficulty in doing sth. 做某事有困难37.be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事38.be regarded as 被认为是39.have a gift for 在……方面有天赋40.work hard at 努力做41.devote one's life to 致力于42.graduate from 从……毕业43.taken an active part in 积极参加44.open-minded and optimistic 乐观开朗45.be admitted to 被……录取；考入46.go abroad for further studies 出国深造47.be honored for 因……而受到尊敬P a r t2真题感悟【真题详解】【2020·天津卷】“They tell me that you’d like to make a statue(塑像) of me-is that correct, Miss Vinnie Ream?”The deep, gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl. Asking a favor of the President of the United States was no casual matter, especially for a seventeen-year-old girl.“Yes, sir,” she replied, her dark eyes meeting his. “I wouldn’t have duo ask you, but my teacher, Mr. Mills, says I am ready. I plan to make it in an admirable manner. “President Lincoln smiled. “Painters, sculptors-they’ve all tried to make the best of this ordinary face, but I’m afraid there’s not much hope. What did you have in mind, Miss Ream? A bust(半身像)?”Before Vinnie could say yes, the President hurried on, a shade of apology in his voice.“Of course-I shouldn’t have asked. A full-length pose would be much too big a project for a young woman your size. “Vinnie’s face turned red. She realized she looked like a child, with her tiny figure. “Small does not mean weak, sir,” she defended herself. “I was born in the country of Wisconsin. I’ve driven teams of horses and carried water. Making a full-length clay(粘土) figure would not exhaust my strength-and that is what I intend to do!”The President’s eyes, brightened at her show of spirit. “Sorry, madam, I have underestimated you as I didn’t know your background.”But his smile faded as he rubbed his beard with bony fingers, in thought. “Miss Ream,” he sighed, “I’d like to let you do it, but as you know, we are in the middle of a war. How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now? I hardly have a minute to myself.”Vinnie glanced around and noted the size of his office. “I work quickly,” she said. Her voice was soft but confident as she pointed to the corner near the windows. “If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon, I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk.”The President seemed to consider her idea seriously. He got up and shook Vinnie’s hand warmly, “I’ve heard that you are a talented young woman, and I have found you charming and intelligent as well. I cannot make my decision immediately, but you will hear from me soon.”The very next day, Vinnie received an invitation from the President.41．What gave Vinnie confidence to make her request of President Lincoln?A．Her aggressive personality.B．Mr. Mills’s encouraging remark.C．President Lincoln’s gentle voice.D．Her interest in a challenging job.42．How did President Lincoln first respond to Vinnie’s request?A．Pleased.B．Thrilled.C．Regretful.D．Doubtful.43．Vinnie confirmed her ability to make a full-length statue by highlighting ______.A．her experience from other projectsB．her innocent childhood in the countryC．the heavy labor she had done beforeD．the skill she picked up in Wisconsin44．Vinnie wanted to choose the corner near the windows to ______.A．achieve effects of natural lightingB．keep all her tools within easy reachC．observe the President at a right angleD．avoid disturbing the president’s work45．What message does the story convey?A．A strong-willed soul can reach his goal.B．Experience helps to promote excellence.C．Ups and downs make one strong.D．Devotion requires enthusiasm.【答案】41．B42．D43．C44．D45．A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。
专题03：阅读理解之科普知识类-最近三年(2019-2021)高考英语真题分类精编(解析版)
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
最近三年（2019-2021）高考英语真题分类精编
专题03
阅读理解之科普知识类
【2021年】
(2021·全国甲卷·D)话题:天才 词数:305难度:★★★★
Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
专题03-2021年新高考英语拓展阅读训练-认识自我及学习(原卷版)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.
C．It’s a record of a historic event.
D．It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
26．What does the underlined word＂currency＂in paragraph 4 refer to?
A．Debt
We've all known people whorun out of steambefore they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
2021年高考英语高考英语压轴题 阅读理解专项训练分类精编及答案
2021年高考英语高考英语压轴题阅读理解专项训练分类精编及答案一、高考英语阅读理解专项训练1．阅读理解It's no surprise to hear the honking of horns in New York. Whoever tries every day to get more than a few minutes of sleep in the morning in the city will tell you that he could do nothing about it! No one can deny honking of horns is just one of his most widely enjoyed pastimes.But Andy, a Japanese website developer has had enough of it. Once, the 27-year-old man approached the open window to wait for the driver to finish honking, delivered a polite "excuse me" and then yelled "Ho-o-o-o-onk!", which means fierce anger in Japan. Then he threw three eggs from the window of his apartment on to a passing car honking loudly below when his patience was worn out. Instead of apologizing to him, the driver threatened to kill him angrily. So, nobly, Andy turned to non-violence. He started writing anti-honking haiku verses, a form of Japanese poetry, and submitted them to local newspapers:Oh. forget Enron;The problem around here is; All the damn honking (Enron: a major American company that recently caused a scandal because of corrupt(腐败) mismanagement)"Then this kind of chain reaction started happening," Andy says. "All these other haiku started appearing unexpectedly" Andy's community is now covered in anti - honking poetry, written by all walks of life.Patience slowly fades;Residents store up their eggs; That day is coming soon.It's understandable that Andy has set up a website — — and now people from across the country send him news of their own anti - honking activities. It seems that poetry can change the world after all. Then, just recently, anti-anti- honking haiku started to appear, launched by locals who thought Andy should stop worrying about honking and start worrying about starving children, or war in the Middle East instead. Andy has an answer for that. "Stop me if this is too ridiculous," he says, "but they talk about the violence in the Middle East like it's a force of nature, like it's beyond our control. But actually it's kind of like the honking - the violence is man -made. If we can figure out how to stop honking on the streets, I think we could learn some things that we could use on a large scale."（1）What does the first paragraph intend to tell us about New Yorkers?A. They enjoy listening to the honking of horns.B. Their life has been affected by the honking noise.C. They get accustomed to sleeping late in the morning.D. They have formed a habit of honking while driving.（2）What is Andy's final reaction to the frequent honking of horns?A. Pretended to ignore it.B. Screamed at the driver.C. Acted in a peaceful way.D. Complained to the government.（3）According to the passage, most New Yorkers think Andy's response is______.A. acceptableB. pointlessC. sensitiveD. abnormal（4）Facing the criticism of his anti-honking campaign, Andy notes that______.A. if not handled well, honking will cause serious problems like starvationB. fierce violence in the Middle East is more of an issue worthy of concernC. violence in the world as well as honking on the street is under our controlD. finding the solution to anti - honking is as meaningful as that to starvation【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了纽约的汽车喇叭声严重影响了人们的生活，一个日本人对此做出了很大的挣扎，从激烈对抗到写打油诗的非暴力反抗，以及纽约当地人对此的反映。
专题05-2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习-阅读理解(解析版)
2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习05科普环保类1.（2018·北京）阅读理解CPlastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms' stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. ＂Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, ＂she explains, ＂The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. ＂Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical insome kind of industrial process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.＂（1）What can we learn about the worms in the study?A.They take plastics as their everyday food.B.They are newly evolved creatures.C.They can consume plastics.D.They wind up in landfills.（2）According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .A.identify other means of the breakdownB.find out the source of the enzymeC.confirm the research findingsD.increase the breakdown speed（3）It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .A.help to raise wormsB.help make plastic bagsC.be used to clean the oceansD.be produced in factories in future（4）What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To explain a study method on worms.B.To introduce the diet of a special worm.C.To present a way to break down plastics.D.To propose new means to keep eco-balance.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）D（4）C【解析】人类每年生产超过3亿吨的塑料。
专题01-2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习-阅读理解(原卷版)
2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习01科普环保类1.（2020·天津）阅读理解For people, who are interested in sound, the field of sound technology is definitely making noise. In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of today's sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound.Sound can be used as a weapon. Imagine that a police officer is chasing a thief. The thief tries to escape. And the officer can't let him get away. He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it on. The thief drops to the ground. This new weapon is called a Long Range Acoustic Device(LRAD, 远程定向声波发射器). It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person. The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray of light and travels only into the ears of that person, but it is not deadly.For those who hunger for some peace and quiet, sound can now create silence. Let's say you are at the airport, and the little boy on the seat next to you is humming(哼唱) a short commercial song. He hums it over and over again, and you are about to go crazy. Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents. One may wonder how the Silence Machine works. Well, it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves. The two sets of waves cancel each other out. Simply turn the machine or point it at the target, and your peace and quiet comes back.Directed sound is a new technology that allows companies to use sound in much the same way spotlights(聚光灯) are used in the theater. A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly, "spotsound" creates a circle of sound in on targeted area. This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract customers. Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu, allowing customers more control over theatmosphere in which they are dining. Directed sound is also beginning to appear in shopping centers and even at homes.（1）What could be inferred from Paragraph 2 about the effect of the LRAD?A.It causes temporary hearing loss.B.It slows down a running man.C.It makes it easy to identify a suspect.D.It keeps the suspect from hurting others.（2）The Silence Machine is a device specially designed to ________.A.silence the people around youB.remove the sound of commercialsC.block the incoming sound wavesD.stop unwanted sound from affecting you（3）What feature do spotsounds and spotlights share?A.They travel in circles.B.They clear the atmosphere.C.They can be transformed into energy.D.They can be directed onto a specific area.（4）Directed sound can be used for ________.A.creative designs of restaurant menusB.ideal sound effects on the theater stageC.different choices of music for businessesD.strict control over any suspicious customer（5）What does the passage focus on?A.How professionals invented sound products.B.Inventions in the field of sound technology.C.The growing interest in the study of sound.D.How sound engineers work in their studios.2.（2020·江苏）阅读理解For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the men's fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue.Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists' lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食). On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men's blood and fat tissue.Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories (卡路里), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found. Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these genes produce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.（1）The underlined expression "stomach it" in Paragraph 1 most probably means "______".A.digest the meal easilyB.manage without breakfastC.decide wisely what to eatD.eat whatever is offered（2）Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment?A.Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people.B.Their lack of exercise led to overweight.C.They could walk at an average speed.D.They had slow metabolic rates.（3）What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise?A.They successfully lost weight.B.They consumed a bit more calories.C.They burned more fat on average.D.They displayed higher insulin levels.（4）What could be learned from the research?A.A workout after breakfast improves gene performances.B.Too much workout often slows metabolic rates.C.Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise.D.Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health.3.（2020·新高考I）阅读理解According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by theresearchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the "I'll have what she's having" effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?（1）What is the recent study mainly about?A.Food safety.B.Movie viewership.C.Consumer demand.D.Eating behavior.（2）What does the underlined word "beanpoles" in paragraph 1 refer to?A.Big eaters.B.Overweight persons.C.Picky eaters.D.Tall thin persons.（3）Why did the researchers hire the actor?A.To see how she would affect the participants.B.To test if the participants could recognize her.C.To find out what she would do in the two tests.D.To study why she could keep her weight down.（4）On what basis do we "adjust the influence" according to the last paragraph?A.How hungry we are.B.How slim we want to be.C.How we perceive others.D.How we feel about the food.4.（2020·浙江）阅读理解Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers' memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, for eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests.Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激), demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive(认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants' overall health status."This works just like physical exercise," says Francisca Then, who led the study. "After a long run, you may feel like you're in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work-sure, you will feel tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy. "It's not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiter's job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work. And "running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating(协调), " she says. "You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries."Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons-including other environmental influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help.（1）Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests?A.To assess their health status.B.To evaluate their work habits.C.To analyze their personality.D.To measure their mental ability.（2）How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4?A.By using an expert's words.B.By making a comparison.C.By referring to another study.D.By introducing a concept.（3）Which of the following is the best title for the text?A.Retired Workers Can Pick Up New SkillsB.Old People Should Take Challenging JobsC.Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You SharpD.Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age。
高考英语真题分项解读：专题03 阅读理解C篇真题变式题(甲卷) (原卷版)
高考真题变式题分类汇编专题03 阅读理解C篇真题变式题（全国甲卷）养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
【2023年高考真题】I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学).That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them.Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his owninterpretation.The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of.1．Who opened the door to philosophy for the author?A．Foucault.B．Eric Weiner.C．Jostein Gaarder.D．A college teacher.2．Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4?A．To compare Weiner with them.B．To give examples of great works.C．To praise their writing skills.D．To help readers understand Weiner’s book.3．What does the author like about The Socrates Express?A．Its views on history are well-presented.B．Its ideas can be applied to daily life.C．It includes comments from readers.D．It leaves an open ending.4．What does the author think of Weiner’s book?A．Objective and plain.B．Daring and ambitious.C．Serious and hard to follow.D．Humorous and straightforward.【高考真题变式题1】About a decade ago, Lawson was at a beach in Virginia watching his kids build castles right next to the waves.“I kept trying to get them to come back because I thought it was a terrible idea,” he remarked. He wanted them to build their sandcastles closer to the dunes. But they found it more exciting to build right where the waves hit, seeing their sandcastles get destroyed, and then rebuilding them with whatever debris (残骸) washed up from theocean. “It seemed so symbolic, somehow, of how life works more than just building your perfect sandcastles,” said Lawson. When he decided to turn that sunny day into a children’s book, the idea came to just use pictures. “It seemed like it would work beautifully without words,” he said.A Day for Sandcastles is illustrated by Qin Leng. It’s the second wordless picture book for Lawson and Leng since 2021’s Over the Shop. Leng’s illustrations stay pretty true to real life. Three siblings spend the day building sandcastles and watching them get destroyed by a flying hat. “To me it’s a celebration of childhood and the simple joys of life. These are the things I like to capture,” said Leng.Leng spent part of her childhood in France, and she was inspired by European comic books “What I love to do when I illustrate a picture book is add side stories to the main storyline. I always think about the readers and the longevity of the book, and I want them to be able to discover something new every time they revisit the book,” Leng explained.At the end of the day, the sleepy-eyed kids pile into the bus that will take them home. “Those last pages are some of my favorite. They capture that feeling like at the end of the day on the beach, when it’s getting dark and you feel completely exhausted,” Lawson said. It must be a universal childhood feeling: happy with sand, sticky from the salt, hot from the sun, and ready to fall asleep the moment you get into the car.5．Why does Lawson mention the scene where the kids built sandcastles?A．To suggest a way to enjoy leisure.B．To tell us the inspiration for his book.C．To convince us of how life works.D．To remind readers of the childhood.6．What do you know about the two books mentioned?A．The stories are literally works of fantasy.B．They are purchased by kids universally.C．They carry no elements of comic books.D．Readers can only find pictures in them.7．How does Lawson feel when telling us the last pages in the last paragraph?A．Pleased.B．Indifferent.C．Disturbed.D．Exhausted.8．What can be a suitable title for the passage?A．Childhood in sandcastles B．Beautiful childhood memoriesC．Popular illustrated books D．Explore the mystery of nature【高考真题变式题2】A new picture book called When Dinosaurs Conquered the Skies: The Incredible Story of Bird Evolution explains the scientific idea that birds are dinosaurs. The writer Jingmai O’Connor describes herself on Instagram as a “dead bird fan”. With her PhD, she works at the Chicago Field Museum as an expert on the evolution of birds and flying dinosaurs.O’Connor says people may know that birds are little dinosaurs. But they might not connect that fact to the birds they see. One purpose of her book, she said, is to achieve it. O’Connor also wants people to see birds as she does — as fascinating flying dinosaurs.In her book, O’Connor also talks about the larger idea of science — namely the importance of making mistakes. Each mistake, she said, leads us closer to the truth.“Science is essentially a series of mistakes. And every mistake, you know, informs us a little bit more and gives us a little bit more information. But pretty much everything that we think is ‘truth’ right now is probably at least partly wrong. You know, there is so much we don’t know. But mistakes are part of the process.”O’Connor is a Chinese-Irish American who grew up in Pasadena, California. She did not always want to study the remains of ancient living things. She began studying geology, like her mother. “But in my case, my mother went back to school to do her PhD when I was around 10 years old. And so, she had four kids…So, she would take us with her to not only the laboratory, but also into the field, which means going out to collect samples. So, I fell in love with geology.”However, O’Connor had a larger goal in mind when she wrote her book. She said, “Through having greater respect for the living animals around us, I hope that people start to think more about how they impact the environment through their actions, so that we can all move towards a more sustainable future.”9．Which is one of the goals of O’Connor’s book according to Paragraph 2?A．To make connections.B．To write a review.C．To give instructions.D．To make a profit.10．What does O’Connor think of mistakes?A．Unavoidable.B．Meaningless.C．Invaluable.D．Uncontrollable.11．What can be learned from Paragraph 4 about the author?A．She had complex social relationships.B．She wanted to be a geology teacher.C．Her mother was her geology teacher.D．Her mother had early effects on her.12．What does O’Connor expect of her readers?A．Being mindful of what they will say.B．Creating a more sustainable lifestyle.C．Organizing more outdoor activities.D．Trying to make use of the findings.【高考真题变式题3】I have always loved the Arthurian legend (传奇), as there is something quite special about King Arthur, and of course Merlin, my favourite character from the stories.Death of an Empire is the second volume in MK Hume’s “Merlin” series which details Merlin’s life from birth. Merlin travels across the Roman Empire in search of his father, a voyage of discovery to understand just who he was. Eventually Merlin gets involved in the fight against the Hun’s invasion (入侵) of Europe at the Battle of the Catalaunian Plain.Serving under the General Flavius Aetius, Merlin builds a reputation by saving the lives of thousands of soldiers. When he finally reaches Rome, he saves many more. But a far deadlier conflict between Emperor Valentinian and Senator Petronius Maximus is around the corner and Merlin must use all his strength to carry out his work.If I had to choose just one word to describe this novel, there would be no other choice than “immersive (身临其境的)”. There has clearly been a serious amount of research carried out by the author. Combined with the descriptive prose and imaginative story, the book really does attract you from almost the very start. The story really does feel like you are a part of it as Merlin travels across the Roman Empire.The author does a great job of mixing the rich history with established Arthurian legend. The battle scene is handled very effectively. The author employs a very effective form to show the main fight and this not only adds a degree of tension and a good level of excitement but almost makes you feel like you are right there hearing about what happened.Death of an Empire is a very fine novel, a wonderfully rich tale and a rewarding story.13．Why does Merlin travel across the Roman Empire?A．To visit King Arthur.B．To enjoy a nice view.C．To get a well-paid job.D．To find out his origin.14．What can we learn about the novel?A．It is a mixture of history and legend.B．It features difficult language.C．It speaks highly of an emperor.D．It is a masterpiece of Merlin.15．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 5 refer to?A．An effective description.B．A long-running battle.C．A wonderful feeling.D．A well-known legend.16．What is the text?A．A news report.B．A history story.C．A book review.D．A science fiction.【高考真题变式题4】Technology seems to discourage slow reading. Reading on screens tires eyes easily. So online writing is more skimmable than print. The neuroscientist Mary Walt argued this “new norm” of skim reading is producing “an invisible, dramatic transformation” in how readers process words. And brains now favor rapid absorption of information, rather than skills developed by deeper reading, like critical analysis.We shouldn’t overplay this danger. All readers skim. Skimming is the skill we acquire as we learn to read more skillfully. And fears about declining attention spans have proved to be false alarms. “Some critics worry about attention span and see very short stories as signs of cultural decline, ” The American author Selvin wrote. “But nobody ever said poems were evidence of short attention spans. ”Yet the Internet has certainly changed the way we read. First, it means there’s more to read, because more people than ever are writing. And digital writing means rapid release and response. Once published, online articles start forming a comment string underneath. Such mode of writing and reading can be interactive and fun, but is probably lacking in profound reflection.Perhaps we should slow down. Reading is constantly promoted as a source of personal achievement. But thisadvocacy emphasizes “enthusiastic” or “eager” reading — neither suggest slow absorption. To a slow reader, a piece of writing can only be fully understood by immersing oneself in their slow comprehension of words. The slow reader is like a swimmer who stops counting the number of pool laps he’s done and just enjoys how his body feels and moves in water.The human need for this kind of deep reading is too determined for any new technology to destroy. We often assume technological change can’t be stopped, so older media are kicked out by newer, more virtual forms. In practice, older technologies can coexist with new ones. The Kindle hasn’t killed off printed books any more than cars killed off bicycles. We still want to enjoy slowly-formed ideas and carefully-chosen words. Even in a fast-moving age, there is time for slow reading.17．What is the author’s attitude towards Selvin’s opinion?A．Favorable.B．Critical.C．Doubtful.D．Objective.18．Which statement would the author probably agree with?A．Advocacy of passionate reading helps promote slow reading.B．Digital writing and reading tends to ignore careful reflection.C．We should be aware of the impact skimming has on the brain.D．The number of Internet readers declines due to technology.19．Why is “swimmer” mentioned in paragraph 4?A．To demonstrate how to immerse oneself in thought.B．To stress swimming differs from reading.C．To show slow reading is better than fast reading.D．To illustrate what slow reading is like.20．Which would be the best title for the passage?A．Slow Reading is Here to StayB．Technology Prevents Slow ReadingC．Reflections on Deep ReadingD．The Wonder of Deep Reading对高三学生而言，就是要通过训练转化为学生的答题能力。
超实用高考英语复习：专题 03 全国甲卷+高考真题变式练-高考英语二轮复习阅读理解长难句解疑+拔高练
engine, e—x—pl—or—e
and w—e—w—e—n—t —ou—t—s—ep—a—ra—te—w—a——y—s—-—-h—e—fo—r—a—lu—n—ch—b—r—eak, the city.
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【分析】本句的主干是Andrew shut down the engine, and we wen t out separate ways。And连接两个并列句。破折号后面是两个省 略句，he和I都省略了谓语动词went。
【分析】 这是一个主从复合句。其中主句部分是:Shirley Fitzgera ld told me that;宾语从句部分是: Sydney swept aside much of its past,including many of its finest buildings;两个逗号中间是同位语 :the city's official historian。
真题辨析
6. ( 2022 全国甲卷 ) In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对 称的) shapes. 【分析】 这是一个并列句，由but并列前后两句，前句是一个主 谓宾的简单句:In humans, babies can put a round shape in a rou nd hole from around one year of age;后句是由before引导的主从 复合句:主句部分是:it will be another wear:从句部分是: they are a ble to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的 )shapes。