中考英语书面表达题历时研究(2006—2016)——以S市为例
中考英语书面表达议论文论证过程单选题40题

中考英语书面表达议论文论证过程单选题40题1. In a debate, when you start your speech, the first thing you should do is to _____.A. state your opinion clearlyB. give examplesC. quote others' wordsD. ask questions答案:A。
本题考查论点提出的方式。
A 选项“state your opinion clearly”清晰地陈述你的观点,这是在辩论中开始发言时首先应该做的。
B 选项“give examples”举例,通常在后续论证中使用。
C 选项“quote others' words”引用他人的话,不是首先要做的。
D 选项“ask questions”提问,一般不是论点提出的首要动作。
2. When writing an argumentative essay, which of the following is the best way to present your main point at the beginning?A. Telling a story.B. Describing a scene.C. Making a bold statement.D. Listing some data.答案:C。
在写议论文时,C 选项“Making a bold statement”做出大胆的陈述,能直接有效地在开头提出主要观点。
A 选项“Telling a story”讲故事,更多用于引出话题或增加趣味性。
B 选项“Describing a scene”描述场景,并非直接提出论点的好方式。
D 选项“Listing somedata”列举一些数据,常用于论证过程而非开头提出论点。
3. To introduce your argument in an essay, which of the following sentences is the most appropriate?A. Have you ever thought about this problem?B. In my opinion, this is a serious issue.C. Let me tell you a joke first.D. Many people have different ideas.答案:B。
2006年2006中考书面表达试题集锦[下学期]
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2006中考书面表达试题集锦为了快速让读者一睹全国各地中考书面表达题的风采,特从几十套试卷中精选了16篇中考英语作文题,供你学习之用。
1. 小明和小华是在“手拉手”活动中结成的一对学习伙伴。
前不久,小明来信向小华询问如何学好英语。
(2006年江苏盐城市)请你以小华的名义给他写封回信。
内容包括:1.学习英语的基本方法(listen carefully; speak much; read widely; learn...by heart; practise writing;...);2.你的体会和其他建议。
词数:80词左右。
信的开头与结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。
Dear Xiao Ming,I'm glad to receive your letter. In your letter you asked me about how to learn English well._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________2. 你的生日快乐吗?你上次生日是怎么过的?请用英语写一篇短文介绍你的上次生日。
(2006年重庆市)_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________3. 写一篇有关你和你就读的学校开展体育活动的短文。
中考英语书面表达说明文单选题30题

中考英语书面表达说明文单选题30题1. The passage is mainly about _____.A. the latest technologyB. traditional cultureC. environmental protectionD. famous people答案:C。
本题主要考查对文章主旨的理解。
通过阅读文章,我们可以发现文中多次提到与环境保护相关的内容,如节约资源、减少污染等,而选项A 最新科技、选项B 传统文化和选项D 名人在文中均未重点提及。
2. What is the main idea of the text?A. A new discovery in scienceB. The importance of artC. Ways to save energyD. Different kinds of sports答案:C。
从文章整体来看,其着重阐述了各种节约能源的方法和措施,选项A 科学新发现、选项B 艺术的重要性和选项D 不同种类的运动在文中并未作为重点论述。
3. The passage focuses on _____.A. modern musicB. ancient historyC. healthy lifestyleD. animal protection答案:D。
仔细阅读文章,我们会发现文中大量描述了动物所面临的威胁以及保护动物的方法和意义,选项 A 现代音乐、选项B 古代历史和选项C 健康生活方式并非文章的核心内容。
4. The main topic of this article is _____.A. space explorationB. cultural diversityC. climate changeD. cooking skills答案:C。
文章中多次提及气候变化带来的影响以及应对措施,选项 A 太空探索、选项B 文化多样性和选项D 烹饪技巧并非文章的主要话题。
2016年贵州省遵义市中考英语试卷(含详细答案)

英语试卷 第1页(共30页)英语试卷 第2页(共30页)绝密★启用前贵州省遵义市2016年初中毕业生学业(升学)统一考试英 语本试卷满分150分,考试时间120分钟。
第一部分 听力(共2小节,满分30分)第一节 听力选择(共15小题,每小题1.5分,共计22.5分)A. 图片理解 请听句子,从A 、B 、C 中选择与句子意思相符的正确图片。
(听两遍)1.A B C2.ABC3.A BC4.AB C5.ABCB. 小对话理解 请听小对话及问题,从A 、B 、C 中选择正确的答案。
(听两遍) 6. A. The yellow one. B. The blue one.C. The brown one. 7. A. Boring. B. Interesting. C. Surprising. 8. A. Doctor and nurse. B. Teacher and student. C. Mother and son. 9. A. By bus. B. On foot.C. By bike. 10. A. Friday.B. Saturday.C. Sunday.C. 长对话理解 请听长对话,根据其内容,从A 、B 、C 中选择能回答所给问题的最佳答案。
(听三遍)11. Where are they? A. In the park.B. In the library.C. In the classroom. 12. What happened to the kite?A. It’s caught in the tree.B. It’s flying too high.C. It’s blown away. 13. How tall is the tree? A. About 5 metres. B. About 8 metres.C. About 10 metres. 14. Whose kite is it?A. Tom’s.B. Mary’s.C. Linda’s.15. What will happen at last? A. They will get the kite back. B. They will lose the kite. C. They will buy a new kite.第二节 听力填空(共5小题,每小题1.5分,共计7.5分) D. 短文理解 请听短文,根据其内容填写表格。
中考英语书面表达题型分析范文

中考英语书面表达题型分析书面表达是中考中的主观题。
培养写作技能,训练语言表达能力是新教材英语语言教学的主要内容之一。
《新课标》要求学生能在所学词汇、语法和句型的基础上造简单的句子;能仿照学过的题材和所给的范例写简单的书信、便条、通知等。
书面表达是中考英语测试的一个重要方面,综合地考查学生运用所学的英语知识进行语言表达的能力。
一、书面表达题的题型特点纵观全国各省市的中考英语试题,书面表达题所占的分值在10分左右,书面表达的题型看起来繁多,但都在初中阶段所学的范围之内,内容并不多,题型多为以下几种:1.看图编写对话或短文。
2.根据图示(或英文提示)填写对话或短文中所缺的词语。
3.根据中文提示编写对话或短文。
4.根据中文(或英文)提示编写书信、日记、通知、感谢信等。
初中阶段的书面表达主要是考查学生是否具备将零乱的句子组成段落的能力,同时也是考查学生的语句组织能力。
从难度上看,填写对话或短文中所缺的词语这一方面的题比较容易,因为句子是现成的,不用自己再造。
看图编写对话或短文则要困难一些,因为句子全要自己编写。
难度最大的是按中文或英文提示写作文,除了句子不犯语法错误,单词拼写正确外,还要求上下文意思连贯,符合逻辑。
二、做书面表达时应注意的几点1.书面表达虽然有一定的主观性,但不同于其他的写作,有它的独特之处,学生不能离开提示自定内容。
即在做的时候,一定要注意提示或图,切中题意。
2.提示内容要全部写上,不能丢掉一些材料中所包含的内容。
3.在遣词造句时,一定要选用在课本中学过的并有把握的词汇和句型,决不要凭自己的想像和猜测去写,否则就有可能写出汉语式的英文。
4.在写短文时,适当的运用所学过的一些连词,将散乱的句子连接成通顺的短文。
5.若为应用文,格式要正确,书写要符合规范。
6.做完之后,要认真检查,看语句是否通顺、正确,是否有拼写、大小写、标点符号等方面的错误。
三、书面表达题的答题方法做书面表达的解题技巧有:1.对于看图作文一定要看清画面,了解图示所表达的主要内容,尤其要注意图片中的人物、地点和背景;把握关键词语,积极展开联想;逐图进行描述,综合起来思考。
2006年苏州市中考英语试卷评析

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特点是:强调语言基础,突出语境理解 ,重视运用能力和语言真实,重视育人。
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【原创】2016年中考英语书面表达题目设计及范文40篇(页) ,Word版
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通过我们的努力,能够为您解决问题,这是我们的宗旨,欢迎您下载使用!2016年中考英语最可能考查的书面表达40篇原创作者张新峰学校生活类Writing 1你们学校英语论坛发起主题为“Build a harmonious (和谐的) school”的讨论,呼吁青少年再一次关注学校的发展与环境保护的和谐关系、人与人之间的和谐关系. 假设你是李华,请你写一份倡议书,加入论坛的讨论,呼吁青少年在校园中做到:1. 爱护并美化校园环境;2. 尊敬师长,团结同学,诚信互助;3. 遵守学校规则,积极参加学校活动.注意:1. 文中不得出现真实姓名、校名;2. 100词左右,开头和结尾已经给出,不计入总词数.Build a harmonious schoolDear friends,Our country calls for everyone to try their best to build a “harmonious society”. As a student, I think it’s our duty to work hard to build a “harmonious school”. __________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Let’s start right now to build a harmonious school.Li Hua参考范文Dear friends,Our government calls for everyone to try their best to build a “harmonious society”. As a student, I think it’s our duty to work hard to build a “harmonious school”. What should we do to achieve this goal?First of all, we should try our best to protect the school environment. We should pick up litter on the road and throw it into the dustbin. We mustn’t pick flowers or step on the grass. On the contrary, we should plant more trees and flowers to make our school more beautiful.Second, we should fill the world with love. We should show respect to our teachers, and also care for each other and help those in need. The most important point is all of us must be honest in our daily lives.Finally, we should obey the school rules and take an active part in school activities.Let’s start right now to build a harmonious school.Li Hua Writing 2学生应当遵守学校的规章制度. 请根据以下要点提示,以"School rules" 为题,叙述中学生应遵守的一些规章制度,并谈谈你的看法. 80词左右,开头已给出,不计入总词数.要点提示:1. 在课堂上不乱讲话,要认真听老师讲课,不带食物进教室,保持教室安静、清洁;2. 课后要按时完成作业;3. 在学校,要穿校服;4. 保护学校的一草一木;5. 与老师和同学们友好相处.School rulesEvery school has rules for students. As a student, we must obey them. _________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________参考范文:School rulesEvery school has rules for students. As a student, we must obey them. First of all, in class, we shouldn't talk but listen to the teachers carefully. We are not supposed to take food or drinks into the classroom. We should keep our classroom quiet and clean. Then, after class, we should finish our homework on time. One more thing, we should wear our school uniforms in school. Besides, we should protect trees, grass and flowers there because they make our school more beautiful. At last, we should get on well with our teachers and classmates.Writing 3初中生活马上就要结束了,三年的初中生活一定给你留下了很多挥之不去的回忆. 请你给大家讲一个最值得你回忆的故事. 字数在100词左右,包括时间、人物、事情经过和事后你的感想(请不要写出真实的学校名称以及真实姓名).提示词语: three years, memories, one of, one day, think, happy/ sorry_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________参考范文:How time flies! I have studied in my school for three years. And I will graduate from middle school in a month. I am eager to share my happiness and sadness with you. I had so many memories in three years’ life. One of them impressed me very much. I still remember, when I began to learn English, I found it too difficult. No matter how hard I tried, I still couldn’t do well in it and almost gave it up. As soon as my English teacher found my problem, she had a talk with me about how to learn English well. Since then, she has kept helping me. Little by little, I’ve become interested in English an d I’m good at it. I think I am so lucky to become one of her students. I’ve learned a lot from her. I will try to help others when they are in trouble. I think it is a happy thing to help others.Writing 4课堂是教育我们做人、传授我们知识、培养我们能力、促进我们成长的重要场所. 在你的课堂生活中,一定有许多难忘的瞬间. 请以“An unforgettable class”为题,写一篇英语短文,向大家讲述你难忘的一节课.写作要点:1. When did it happen and what subject was it?2. What unforgettable activities or events happened during the class?3. How did you feel about the class?写作要求:1. 语言流畅,意思连贯,可围绕要点适当增加情节;2. 词数不超过120.__________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文:An unforgettable classI've had quite a lot of lessons in my school life. Among them the one given by an American young man is the most unforgettable.It was on Tuesday morning in May. Our teacher told us all of a sudden that an American would give us an English lesson. Then in came a young man. He greeted us in English and then began his class. It was quite different from those we had before. During the whole class he taught us severalEnglish songs, played games with us and helped us act out a dialogue. He neither taught us English grammar rules nor asked us to do lots of written exercises. He was not serious at all. He was always smiling at each of us. Happy time was always short. Before we knew it, the class was over. We took a photo with our American teacher in the classroom.I will never forget his smile, his songs and everything he had done in his class.亲朋好友类Writing 5你有哪些优点让别人喜欢和你做朋友呢?请以What makes me a good friend?为题写一篇英语演讲稿.要求:1. 语言表达准确,短文连贯通顺;2. 文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称;3. 80词左右._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________参考范文:What makes me a good friend?First, I am a boy who is easy to get along with. I never get angry easily. That’s the most important reason that makes me so popular.Second, I’m always ready to help others. Whenever my friends meet with troubles, I will give them a hand without even a moment’s thought.Besides, I’m a cheerful boy. I like to tell jokes and funny stories to make my friends laugh. They say time spent with me is full of fun.Last but not least, I’m honest. So I’m a friend worth trusting.Writing 6假设你们班级正在进行一场讨论,主题是关于希望拥有什么样的朋友,请谈谈你的想法和理由.要求:1、文中不得出现真实姓名和校名;2、80--100词._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________参考范文:Friends are important in our life. Everyone needs friends. What kind of friends do I want to have? I think I’d like to have two different kinds of friends.Firstly, I need friends who are quiet. I’m a shy and quiet person. The thing I like to do best is reading books quietly. I want my friends to be the same as me so that we can read together.Secondly, I expect my friends to be funny and humorous. I have much stress from school. SoI hope my friend can make me laugh.I wish that all of us can find friends.健康生活类Writing 7健康的生活习惯对于成长中的我们非常重要,请以How to keep healthy为题谈谈你的看法. 健康包括饮食健康、锻炼身体、良好的生活习惯等.要求:1. 词数80-100. 标题已给出,不计入总词数;2. 字迹工整,语言流畅,表达准确,逻辑清晰;3. 文章内容可适当发挥._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文:How to keep healthyAs we all know, it is very important to keep healthy. But do you know how to keep healthy? First, I think we must have a balanced diet. Breakfast is necessary. It gives us energy for the morning. We must also have the right kind of food. Remember to eat more fruit and vegetables, and less junk food. Second, it’s necessary for us to exercise. Exercise can keep us active and strong. Third, developing good habits is very important. It’s good to go to bed early and get up early. Don’t stay up. If we don’t have enough sleep, we may feel tired. Finally, listening to music or chatting can make us relaxed.Writing 8据世界卫生组织(WHO)统计,每年有200万人死于吸烟,60万人死于二手烟. 为此,我市规定,从今年3月1 日起,严禁在公共场所吸烟. 请你结合图片和下面所给要点,以“Saying No to Smoking”为题,谈谈吸烟的危害.1. 吸烟有害;2. 吸烟导致咳嗽、肺癌等疾病;3. 吸烟影响青少年成长;4. 二手烟同样有害;5. 你的态度:面对别人吸烟、给烟怎么办?注意:1. 词数:100词左右;标题和开头已给出,不计入总词数;2. 应覆盖所有要点;可适当增加细节,使行文连贯;3. 参考词汇:lung cancer肺癌; secondhand smoke二手烟.Saying No to SmokingAccording to the WHO,2 million people died from smoking and 600 thousand from secondhand smoke every year. So smoking is banned in our city in public places both inside and out from March 1 on._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________参考范文:Saying No to SmokingAccording to the WHO,2 million people died from smoking and 600 thousand from secondhand smoke every year. So smoking is banned in our city in public places both inside and out from March 1 on .As is shown in the picture, smoking i s bad for people’s health. It may cause many diseases such as cough, lung cancer and so on. Smoking is especially harmful to us teenagers because our bodies are still growing. Secondhand smoke does harm to us as well. So we must do something to keep away from smoking. If someone offers a cigarette, we should refuse it. And if anyone smokes nearby, we should try to stop it. From now on, every of us should follow the law and say no to smoking.安全防护类Writing 9安全对每个人都很重要. 请根据以下信息内容提示,写一篇关于校园安全的英语小短文. 内容包括体育锻炼、上下楼梯、结识朋友、食品卫生等方面.要求:1. 语句通顺,表达准确,内容连贯;2. 短文可以适当发挥,但要包含以上要点;3. 词数80-100._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文:Safety has become the focus for us all. How to keep safe at school is especially important to us students. First, we should be careful enough not to get ourselves injured while we are playing sports. Second, there are too many students at school, and our hallways are too narrow. So don’tcrowd together, especially when we walk upstairs or downstairs, or an accident may happen. Besides, we should be friendly and get on well with others, so don’t quarrel or fight. Last but not least, we should be careful to eat healthy food and keep away from junk food, which is harmful to our health.In a word, it’s important for everybody to re member these safety tips.Writing 10建设平安校园是我们每个人的责任与义务. 作为一名学生,我们更应该珍惜自己的生命,更应该注意自己的人身安全. 假如你是Li Hua,并担任校学生会主席,请你就安全问题,向全校学生发出倡议,写一封安全倡议书.内容提示:(1)不带管制刀具到学校;(2)不私自下河洗澡;(3)不打架;(4)上学放学的途中应该注意安全;(5)遇紧急情况,立即报告警察或老师.参考词汇:管制刀具:restricted knives or things; 洗澡:have a bath; 打架:fight;紧急情况:emergency; 交通安全:pay attention to the traffic.写作要求:(1)用词恰当,要点全面,层次清晰,书写规范.(2)可适当发挥,80词左右,开头、结尾已给出,不计入总词数.(3)严禁出现自己的真实姓名和学校等相关信息._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________参考范文:Dear students,As we know, safety is the most important thing in our lives. So, we should try our best to make sure we are safe. We mustn’t bring restricted knives or things to our school because these things may cause serious problems. Do not have a bath in rivers or ponds by ourselves without our parents’ permission. And, we should be frien dly to others so fighting is strongly banned. Make sure that we should always pay attention to the traffic on our way to school or home.Furthermore, if we meet some emergency, we must call for help from the police or our teachers. In a word, following these safeties rules above can make us live in peace.Yours,Li Hua暑假计划类Writing 11假期快到了,很多同学想去旅游,但是也有同学不喜欢旅游. 请你以Traveling is interesting/boring为题写一篇100词左右的英语短文,谈谈你的看法.要求:1. 先把题目补充完整;2. 文中不得出现人名、校名等真实信息.Traveling is ________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文1:Traveling is interestingYou will have lots of fun things to do and see during the trip. Just imagine that you are walking in the beautiful mountains, enjoying the fresh air and listening to the birds singing. It’s amazin g, isn’t it? Sometimes, you may meet people from different places and make friends with them, which makes your trip a more pleasant one. Also, you may have many interesting things to share with your friends when you are back. All the pleasure of your trip will be kept in your memory.It’s not surprising that so many students can’t wait to go traveling during vacation!参考范文2:Traveling is boringTraveling is usually boring. There are always too many people in places of interest in China. It’s crowded everywhere, especially during holidays. Just imagine that you are waiting in line, hungry and thirsty. “Why have I come here to see the crowd?” you may complain. If you are unlucky, you may meet a bad guide who pushes you into a shop here and there. It’s terrible, isn’t it? Also, you may have to get up early to take the plane or wait in the airport for hours because of a delayed flight.Therefore, I prefer to stay at home than go traveling during vacation.Writing 12假如你是李华,你的美国笔友Steven发来一封电子邮件,询问你的暑假计划,请根据要求:1)包含全部要点,可适当发挥;2)不能出现真实的校名及姓名;3)开头和结尾已经给出,不计入总词数;4)词数控制在80-100词左右.Hi, Steven!In your last e-mail, you asked me about my summer vacation plans. Now let me tell you._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What about your plans? I’m looking forward to your e-mail soon!参考范文:Hi, Steven!In your last e-mail, you asked me about my summer vacation plans. Now let me tell you. First, I plan to travel to Beijing, because it’s a wonderful place to visit. I will visit many places ofinterest there, such as the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, etc.Then, I’d like to read more books. Reading can open my mind to the outside world too. I plan to read historical books because I’m interested in history.I also want to volunteer in an old people’s home. I can read the newspaper to the o ld people, or just talk to them, because they are lonely.Well, I think my parents show great love to me, so I want to do some chores to help them.I’m going to cook for my parents so that they can have more free time to relax.What about your plans? I’m looking forward to your e-mail soon!表达观点类Writing 13目前,越来越多的中学生利用周末上各种各样的培训班或请家教. 对于这一现象,存在请您根据以上提示,以Is a Training Class of Family Teacher Necessary ?为题,写一篇120 词左右的短文,反映表中内容,并简要阐述自己的观点. 文章开头已给出,不计入总字数.要求:层次清晰,连贯流畅;表达灵活,不要逐字逐句翻译.参考词汇:巩固strengthen;Is a Training Class or Family Teacher Necessary?More and more middle school students are going to all kinds of training classes or having family teachers at the weekend. There are two different viewpoints about it._______________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Is a Training Class or Family Teacher Necessary?More and more middle school students are going to all kinds of training classes or having family teachers at the weekend. There are two different viewpoints about it.Some thinks it necessary. Firstly, it’s more effective to study with a teacher than by themselves. Secondly, it can strengthen what is learnt in class. Besides, they can learn a lot more. Others think it unnecessary. For one thing, students can easily form the habit of dependence. For ano ther, students need time to relax from time to time. What’s more, the purpose of many training classes and teachers is to make money.In my opinion, whether a training class or family teacher is needed just depends. If you are really very weak at or intere sted in a certain subject, maybe it’s OK for you. But be sure to choose a good and suitable class or teacher, otherwise it would be a waste of time and money.Writing 14你校英语社团正在开展主题为“What should a good teacher be like?”的讨论,为此邀请了注意:(1)文章必须包括表中内容,可适当增加细节;(2)你的观点至少两条,不能重复表中的观点;(3)词数:80—100;(4)短文首句仅供选择使用,不计入总词数.短文首句:Students and parents have different opinions about what a good should be like,What should a good teacher be like?. 参考范文:Students and parents have different opinions about what a good teacher should be like. As for students, they think a good teacher should get along well with their students, and they are supposed to try to make their classes lively and active so that students can learn better with great interest. Different from students, parents think it’s very important for a good teacher to have plenty of knowledge. What’s more, teachers should be strict with their students.In my opinion, the most important thing for a good teacher is to trust and encourage students, especially those who have difficulties in learning. Anyway, they are expected to help their students learn how to learn well.文明礼仪类Writing 15今年我市正在申报全国文明城市,你们学校的English Club正在举办以“创建文明城市,争做文明市民”为主题的征文活动,请你根据以下的内容提示及要求写一篇应征稿.内容提示:◆尊敬师长,明礼诚信◆友善待人,乐于助人◆遵守交规,不闯红灯◆保护环境◆你的观点写作要求:1. 文章必须包含所提供的主要信息,并适当发挥;2. 文中不得出现真实的人名和校名;3. 词数:90词左右(开头和结尾已写好,不计入总词数).参考词汇:respect (vt.尊敬), obey traffic rules遵守交规We all know that our city is applying for the national civilized city. As students, what should we do ? ________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Let's try our best to make our city a civilized city.参考范文:We all know that our city is applying for the national civilized city. As students, what should we do ? We must respect our teachers, parents and the old. We should also be polite and honest. Besides, we should help those who are in need and be friendly to the people around us. It is important for us obey traffic rules, too. When crossing the streets, we should walk on the zebra crossing. We mustn’t go across the street when the traffic lights are red.What’s more, we should protect the environment. For example,we mustn't step on the grass or pick flowers. We mustn’t drop litter carelessly.Let's try our best to make our city a civilized city.Writing 16近几年,越来越多的中国人出国旅游,他们中的一些不文明行为引起了人们的极大关注. 调査显示,中国游客列世界第二不受欢迎的人. 为此,请你根据以下要点,给校报英语专栏写一篇短文,并提出你的建议,呼吁人们文明出行.1.不高声喷哗;2.排队候车或就餐;3.不随地吐痰或乱扔垃圾;4.不乱涂乱画.注意:1.词数:80词左右:开头己给出,不计入总词数;2.应覆盖所有要点;可适当增加细节,使行文连贯;3.参考词汇:spit v.吐疲;behavior n.行为.With more and more Chinese people traveling abroad, their bad behaviors have become a hot topic. A recent US survey showed Chinese were the second worst tourists. How can we be a good tourist? Here are some tips for you.参考范文:With more and more Chinese people traveling abroad, their bad behaviors have become a hot topic. A recent US survey showed Chinese were the second worst tourists. How can we be a good tourist? Here are some tips for you.First, we should keep our voice down while talking with friends in public places. Please wait in line if you want to take a bus or have dinner. Also, don’t spit or drop litter whenever you want. Finally, it’s really bad behavior to write or draw pictures on famous buildings.As a middle school student, I think we should pay attention to our behavior, saying no to those bad habits. While enjoying ourselves, we should not only respect local customs, but also take care of the environment.活动介绍类Writing 17假如你是杨佩,你的外教Mr Smith想组织几名学生去一个学校参加助学和联谊活动. 请你参考下列消息,以书信的形式向Mr Smith提出申请,说明你打算如何开展这次活动及理由.提示:Abilities: communicate with; play basketball and ping-pong; sing songs; speak good EnglishPlans: get on with; organize activities; help… study E nglish要求:1. 参考提示语,可适当发挥;2. 语句通顺,意思连贯,书写工整;3. 文中不得出现你本人的姓名和校名;4. 80词左右._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文:Dear Mr Smith,I’m so excited to know that our school is organizing an activity to help kids in another school.I hope I can join in. I think I have the abilities to help them. First, I’ll ge t on well with the kids there. I can do it because I always communicate well with others.And I have a few hobbies, such as playing basketball, dancing and singing, so I can help organize after-class activities. Also, my English is good. I can help the kids with their pronunciation.I’ll read English aloud with them and teach them English songs. It’s really fun.I’ll be thankful if you give me the chance!Yours,Yang Pei Writing 18做家务是家庭成员的义务. 作为家庭成员之一,你一定做过不少力所能及的家务活. 请根据提示写一篇英语短文讲述一次你做家务或学做家务的经历或故事,与大家一起分享.写作要点提示:1.你是否喜欢做家务、你常做哪些家务;2.重点讲述一次你做家务或学做家务的经历或故事(包括起因、过程、结果等);3.你父母对你所做家务的评价或你个人的收获、感受.写作要求:1.短文的内容应包含所提示的要点,语言要流畅,可围绕提示要点适当增加情节,以使短文的意思连贯;2.短文中不得出现真实的姓名、校名及地名;3.短文的词数在90词左右._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________参考范文:I’m an 15-year old middle school student. I have been busy with my study and seldom helped my parents with the housework. Feeling quite sorry for that, I begin to think about what to do to help.Last Sunday, when my parents went out shopping, I suddenly got an idea: why not give therooms a through cleaning? Firstly I collected all the books, newspapers and other things in the rooms and put them away. Then I wiped the dust off all the furniture. After that, I swept the floors carefully.At this moment, my parents came back and were quite surprised to see all the rooms tidy and floors shining. My mother gave me a hug and I could see satisfaction in her eyes. Tired as I was, I never felt so happy.读书与学习Writing 19当前,全市各学校正开展“好书伴我成长”活动. 请你根据活动主题并结合表格中所给信息,以“Growing up with good books”为题,用英语写一篇100词左右的倡议书,向全要求:1.倡议书应包括所有要点;2.倡议书的开头已给出,不计入总词数.Growing up with good booksMy dear friends,Reading is very important. __________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文:My dear friends,Reading is very important. We can get knowledge through reading. It can not only open our minds, but also make us clever and happier. Our study can be improved if we read more good books. The more we read, the more we will learn, and the brighter our future will become.However, some students spend much time in listening to music, watching TV or going on line to play games. It takes much of their spare time. So I would like to suggest that everyone should read more books, especially read classics so that we can spread our Chinese traditional culture to the world.Let’s start reading now. And let it become a part of our life!Writing 20你喜欢阅读吗? 阅读能使人明智,使人充实. 请你以“Reading is Very Important”为题,写一篇有关阅读的短文.要点: 1. 阅读的益处.2. 你的阅读习惯(喜欢的书籍、阅读的时间、地点、购书方式等).3. 你的阅读体会.4. 你的阅读计划.5. 号召大家多阅读.提示: 1 . 短文中不得出现真实的人名和地名.2. 短文中应包含至少3个要点.3. 书写工整、语句通顺、连贯,词数不少于80.注意:文章开头已给出,不计人总词数.Reading is Very ImportantReading can not only open up our eyes but also improve our knowledge._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________参考范文:Reading can not only open up our eyes but also improve our knowledge. Some people say that money is the best thing in the world, but I consider reading is the best.Reading is very important. By reading you can get all kinds of knowledge. Furthermore, reading books makes your life enjoyable.There are many books are my favorite. Such as Five Thousand Years,Little Red Riding Hood and so on. Every day I swim in the sea of books. I like reading them in my study after school. I usually buy them on the Internet because it’s easy for me to do that.Reading, is a kind of enjoyment, is a way to experience pleasure. Come on! Friend, to study together, to study, to experience the fun of reading together!环境保护类Writing 21最近几年来,空气污染日趋严重. 请针对这种现象,根据提示写一份调查报告,并提最常见的空气污染源工业:废气、烟尘等交通:汽车和飞机等交通工具生活污染源:吸烟、厨房的油烟等……我的建议……要求:1.语言表达准确,短文连贯通顺.2.短文必须包括以上内容要点,可适当发挥.3.词数100词左右. 开头己给出,不计入总词数.The air pollution has been getting worse and worse. So recently I did a survey about the air pollution in my city .Here's my report._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文:The air pollution has been getting worse and worse. So recently I did a survey about the air pollution in my city. Here's my report.There are mainly four kinds of sources of the air pollution. The first one is from some factories that produce wastes, another one is from vehicles ,such as cars, trucks, planes and buses, some of the gases which they produce remains in the air, the third one is from smoke that is fromcooking in our kitchen and smoking, the fourth one is the bad smell in the air. I think we should do something to prevent and control air pollution. The government must make rules to prevent factories and vehicles from producing pollution, encourage people to plant more trees and grass and make some people smoke in some special areas. We students should keep away from smoking and do our best to protect air.Writing 22由于树木被大量砍伐,植被面积逐年减少,空气受到严重污染,臭氧层遭到严重破坏……人们已感到气温逐年升高,就在前不久,印度的高温已致1700余人死亡,对此现象,你有何看法?请以“How to protect _________?”为题,写一篇80—100词的短文,谈谈你的想法.提示词:pollution, reuse, plant要求:1. 语句流畅,书写工整.2. 使用所给提示词,并可适当发挥.3. 文中不得出现真实的人名、地名等信息._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文:How to protect our environment?As a student, we should try our best to protect our environment. Now the pollution is more and more serious. Too many buses and cars can be seen on the road. So we should go to school by bike or on foot. And we should also ask our parents to ride bikes to work. We should reuse water, for example, when I finish washing the clothes; I use the water to clean the floor and water flowers. At school, I think saving paper is necessary, so I often make full use of paper. At the same time, I never use plastic bags. And I advise my parents to plant some trees behind my house.It’s important for us to live a low-carbon life to protect the environment. Lower carbon, happier life.现代科技类Writing 23随着互联网的发展和普及,网络购物在中国也变得越来越普遍了,甚至已经成了我们日常生活的一部分了. 相信同学们身边一定有不少同学已经通过网络进行购物了,比如天猫网,京东商城等,但是网络购物究竟有何利弊呢?请写一篇100词左右的短文,谈谈网上购物的好处与坏处.要点:1.网络购物在中国发展迅速;2.网络购物的两三个优势,比如:商品多样,不限时间,不用排队等;3.不足之处两三点,比如:不知道质量如何,多花钱,不能够享受购物的乐趣等.参考词汇:Internet shopping/ shopping on lineWith the quick development of the Internet, shopping online is growing faster in China. More and more people in China are interested in shopping on line._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________。
整理2006-2016历年武汉市中考英语试题合集
2006-2016年武汉市中考英语真题试卷合集2006武汉市初中毕业生学业考试英语试卷 (2)2007年武汉市初中毕业生学业考试英语试卷 (7)2008年武汉市初中毕业生学业考试英语试卷 (13)2009年武汉市初中毕业生学业考试英语试卷 (18)2010年武汉市初中生毕业学业考试英语试卷 (25)2011年武汉市初中毕业生学业考试英语试卷 (32)2012年武汉市初中毕业生学业考试英语试卷 (38)2013年武汉市初中毕业生学业考试英语试卷 (43)2014年武汉市初中毕业生学业考试英语试卷 (49)2015年武汉市初中毕业生学业考试英语试卷 (55)2016年武汉市初中毕业生学业考试英语试卷 (61)铭都教育集团高级英语老师-张悦主编湖北省武汉市2006中考英语试卷一、选择填空。
(从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
)1. ─ When do you go shopping ? ─ I usually go shop ping ____ Sunday morning.A. onB. inC. atD. for2. ─ Is that Mary ? ─ Right. She’s nice and I like ___ very much.A. herselfB. herC. hersD. she3. ─ There is some soup on the table, isn’t ____? ─ No, I think that’s water.A. thereB. itC. thatD. one4. ─ This box is ___ heavy for me to carry. Can you help me ? ─ Certainly.A. soB. muchC. veryD. too5. ─ Is your father a doctor ? ─ Yes, he is . He ___ in Town Ho spital.A. has workedB. had workedC. worksD. worked6. ─ When ____ you ____ the bike ? ─ Last month.A. have / boughtB. had / boughtC. do / buyD. did / buy7. ─ I want to teach in this area. ─ Well, teachers ____ ve ry much here.A. needB. are needingC. are neededD. will need8. ─ Where can I find Jack? ─ He _____ the post office.A. has been toB. had been toC. has gone toD. had gone to9. ─ How long will you stay here? ─ I think I will be here for _____ more days.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little10. ─ How about going out for a walk ? ─ ______.A. I would beB. I likeC. I doD. I’d like to11. ─ The window are broken a nd need to be repaired.─ I think so. They can hardly _____ the cold now.A. keep outB. give outC. take outD. put out12. ─ What happened to you this morning ?─ The teacher asked me for my ___ When I was late again.A. meaningB. ideaC. excuseD. answer13. ─ I tried to ___ you at home several times, but no one answered the phone?─ I was traveling around last month.A. touchB. reachC. receiveD. meet14. ─ What do you think of his speech ?─ Oh, wonderful, But his sound really ____ When he first started speaking.A. aloudB. worriedC. nervousD. quiet15. ─ Here’s coffee and tea. You may have ____. ─ Thanks.A. eitherB. eachC. oneD. it16. ─ Do you think Brazil will beat Japan in World Cup 2006 ?─ Yes. They have better players , so I ____ them to win.A. hopeB. prefer B. except D. want17. ─ I hear the weather will __ cold for another week. ─ I hope not. I hate cold weather.A. turnB. lastC. getD. stay18. ─ Will you please stay here for the party ?─ Sorry, I ___. I’ll have to go to an important meeting.A. mustn’tB. needn’tC. can’tD. won’t19. ─ What does the lady look like ? ─ _____.A. She’s fine and well.B. She’s really a nice ladyC. She’s tall and thin.D. She likes wearing skirts.20. ─ Are you going to buy a camera ?─ Yes. But there’re so many kinds that I can’t decide ____ to buy.A. WhatB. whichC. howD. where.二、完形填空。
2006-2016年杭州市中考英语书面表达试题研究
者 试 研 究
2 0 0 6 -2 0 1 6 年杭州市中考英语书面表达 试题研究
韩 建华 罗晓 杰
( 浙江师范大学外国语学 院, 浙江 金华 3 2 1 0 0 4 ; 浙江师范大学外国语学院, 浙江 金华 3 2 1 0 0 4 )
,
给他 回信 。
we e k e n d s 的 短 文 。
2 0 1 6年 第 1 2期 ( 总第 1 8 7期 )
n L an u Re s e a r c h l n B a s i c E d u g g i o r e i 曼 + 旦 n g 量 ■ 墨 =
和修 改小作 文 ,能根据图式或表格写 出简单 的段 落或操作 说 明( 教育部 , 2 0 1 2 : 1 7 ) 。 因此 , 作为 中考英语学科的必考题
型之一 ,书面表达题始终是众多研究者 和一 线教师的关注
焦点。 二、 研 究 设 计
( 一) 研 究对象与研 究问题
本研究 选择 2 0 0 6 -2 0 1 6年杭 州市 中考英语 试卷 中 的 1 1 道书 面表达题 为研究对象 , 探讨 直接测试学生 写作 能力 的书面表达题部分 ( 在单词 和句子层 面上的写作不作为研 究对象 ) , 1 1 道书面表达的基本信息见表 2 . 1 . 1 。
1
1 5
书面表达 结尾部分 内容不计 根据表 中的信 息, 给 杂志社写一封 信 , 谈 谈不 同 国家
入 总词 数 。
7 O个 左 右 。 开 头 和
孩子母 亲节给妈妈送礼物的情况。
中考英语答题技巧之书面表达题型经验总结(5篇范例)
中考英语答题技巧之书面表达题型经验总结(5篇范例)第一篇:中考英语答题技巧之书面表达题型经验总结中小学1对1全托管辅导权威教育机构!中考英语答题技巧之书面表达题型经验总结中考中的书面表达题,主要有“补全对话”、“看图填词”、“看图写话”、“看图作答”、“看图完成短文”、“看图完成句子”和“根据提示的内容,完成某项写作”等形式。
这类题型的考试目的在于:通过书面形式测试考生口头会话和作简单书面表达的能力。
下面中考辅导小编就为大家作一简单介绍:一、测试要点一般说来,测试的主要内容都是以日常生活为背景,进行简单的会话或写作。
例如:问候、问路、看病、打电话、购物、自我介绍等功能意念项目和简单的应用文,例如:便条、通知、短信等。
一个题目写10个左右的句子,字数为80-100个左右。
二、日常训练与应试注意事项1.平时要注意句型与对话的学习,注意听说训练,积极参与听说训练的教学活动,以达到会话相当熟练的程度。
2.在会话中,注意常在情景中使用的习惯用语、套语的归纳和应用,做到脱口而出,应对如流。
3.注意口语与书面语的区别及一些特殊的表达方法,做题时一定要瞻前顾后,既要看到前面的内容,又要看到后面的语句;既要符合习惯用法,又要注意表达的准确性。
4.要经常进行日常应用文和命题作文的学习与训练。
三、解题技巧1.要注意看清题目的要求与提供的情景,需用哪些习惯用语,哪种时态,根据词数限制,应选用哪一种表达方式为最佳。
2.表达要正确,要注意英美人的习惯用语,切忌随心所欲,用中文去对照英文进行翻译。
例如:A:How do you do?此题只能选择How do you do?“来回答,除此,无第二种选择。
如果从语法和字数方面来考虑,那将会有”How old are you?“”What is your name?“”Where are you from?“等多种与问句不符的答语。
3.注意在一些交际场合中,习惯使用的客套语。
只要根据已知部分,就可推测出未知部分。
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测S中考英语书面表达题历时研究(2006—2016)—以S 市为例韩建华罗晓杰【摘要】书面表达题能够有效测评学生的书面表达能力,评估他们的创造性思维能力,是测评学生综合语言知识的重要题型。
以2006—2016年S 市中考英语的11套书面表达题为研究对象,从试题内容和试题设计两 个维度进行的历时分析结果显示,该题型体裁丰富、题材多样,具有较高的真实性和开放性,但也存在着个 别年份提示信息过多及部分试题的交际性有待提高的问题。
为了提高命题质量,我们应该注重试题体裁和 情景提供形式的多元性,落实话题的人文时代性,同时以真实性为基础,保障试题的交际性和合理的开放 性,从而实现书面表达与学生文化素养、思维能力及综合语言运用能力发展的生态互动。
【关键词】中考;英语;书面表达;内容分析;试题设计;历时研究【中图分类号】G 424.74【文献标识码】A【DOI 编码】10.16518/j .cnki .emae .2016.11.012书面表达题是根据具体考试目的或课程标 准所规定的能力标准,对学生英语综合语言运用 能力进行考查的一种直接有效的检测方式。
!1]它 不仅可以考查学生的词汇、语法、篇章结构等语 言知识,还能考查考生的分析能力、观察能力、逻 辑思维能力、表达能力等多方面的能力。
书面表 达题是“现代语言测试可能取得最高效度的试 题”[2]。
《义务教育英语课程标准(2011年版)》(下 文简称《新课标》)强调在义务教育阶段,学生必 须能根据提示独立起草和修改小作文,能根据图 式或表格写出简单的段落或操作说明。
!3]因此,作 为中考英语学科的必考题型之一,书面表达题始 终是众多研究者和一线教师的关注焦点。
近年来,针对高考书面表达题的研究较多[4][5], 针对中考研究较少;中考英语书面表达题共时 研究较多,历时研究较少[7];应试型研究较多,为 命题和教学提出针对性建议的学术型研究较少[4], 针对某个地区历年试题的研究更是寥寥无几。
鉴 于此,本文以2006—2016年S 市中考英语试卷 中的11道书面表达题为研究对象,从试题内容 和试题设计两方面着手,分析S 市近11年以来书面表达题的特点和质量,期望为今后的中考英语书面表达题的设计与考查提供参考与建议。
_、研究设计(一) 研究对象与问题提出本研究选择2006—2016年S 市中考英语试卷中的11套书面表达题为研究对象,探讨直接 测试学生写作能力的书面表达题部分(以填空形 式出现以及在单词和句子层面上的写作不作为 研究对象),11套中考英语书面表达题的基本信 息见表1。
研究希望解决以下两个问题:(1)分析S市中 考英语书面表达题在试题内容(体裁、题材、信息 提供形式)上的特点;(2)分析S 市中考英语书面表达题在试题设计(交际性、真实性、开放性、提示信息)上的特点。
(二) 研究方法与分析框架本研究主要采用文本分析法,从试题内容和 试题设计两个角度,对2006—2016年S 市中考英语卷书面表达题进行历时分析。
为保证数据的 可靠性,本研究邀请两位研究者对数据进行一致 性分析,并将得到的数据与前人的相关研究进行 对比验证,结果显示,数据具有较高的可靠性。
韩建华/浙江师范大学外国语学院学科教学(英语)专业硕士生,研究方向为英语课堂教学评价。
(金华321004) 罗晓杰/浙江师范大学外国语学院教授,教育学博士,硕士生导师,主要研究方向为英语课程与教学论和教师专业 发展。
582016年11月中考英语书面表达题历时研究(2006—2016)测量表12006—2016年S市中考英语书面表达题基本信息统计与年份数量分值形式篇幅要求主题内容2006 年115写作80词左右假设近来父亲的变化令你有些担心,请根据四幅图,给父亲写一封信,并提出一点建议2007 年115写作80词左右若你是一名记者,参加了“环保小卫士”活动。
请根据表格信息,把当天的活动写成日记并发在网上2008 年25填空题1—若你将参加奥运会志愿者面试,请根据实际情况完成自我介绍,并用一句话说明成为志愿者后的打算15写作题280词左右根据表格信息,完成主题为“班级新闻”的值日报告2009 年25填空题1—根据图画告诉E r1C去太空博物馆的路线15写作题280词左右根据表格谈谈中美两国课堂的不同特点,并谈谈自己的想法2010 年25填空题1—外语老师送你一本英语书,请给她写一封感谢信并表示自己会努力学好英语15写作题280词左右若你对部分同学进行了参加英语演讲比赛意愿的调查,请根据表格内容,写一篇短文并谈谈想法2011 年25写作题1—根据售书广告,完成ICY H0U R N E Y S这本书的简介15写作题280—100词左右若你就学生英语阅读情况做了一次调查,请根据表格内容,用英语写一篇短文,并提出建议2012 年120写作80—100词左右请根据表格内容,写一篇发言稿,谈谈中英两国学生的一些差异2013 年120写作80—100词左右根据表格内容谈谈同学喜欢的旅游方式,并阐述自己的想法2014 年120写作80—100词左右根据图标内容谈谈同学们的课外英语学习现状,并阐述自己的看法和建议2015 年120写作80—100词左右若你就“G h a t should a good teacher be lik e?”米访了学生和家长,根据表格中他们 的观点写一篇短文,并阐述自己的观点2016 年120写作80—100词左右同学们就“R o u ld you like to live in school?”展开了调查,根据表格中的调查结果写一篇短文,并表达自己的意愿及理由基于研究问题,本研究根据Heaton'8]所提出的书面表达的出题方式及评价书面表达的标准,参考辜向东、高晓莹'5]开发的评估书面表达题的分析框架,结合《新课标》[3]中的相关内容,构建了本研究的分析框架,如表2所示。
表22006—2016年S市中考英语书面表达题的分析框架项目类别试题内容体裁说明文、议论文、记叙文、描写文、应用文题材学校生活、课外活动、日常生活、社会与文化、世界与环境情景提供形式文字型、表格型、图表型、图画型试题设计真实性有、欠缺交际性有、欠缺开放性适度、过大、过小提示信息适度、冗余、欠缺由表2可知,本研究从试题内容和试题设计两个角度对S市2006—2016年的中考英语书面 表达题进行分析。
首先,针对试题内容,本研究将从体裁、题材 和情景提供形式三个角度进行分析。
第一,体裁是指一切文学作品的种类和样式,可分为说明 文、议论文、记叙文、描写文、应用文。
说明文是解释和说明事物或事件发生过程的文体;议论文强调运用说理与论证的方法阐明作者的观点;记叙文是记人叙事,以叙述为主的表达方式;描写文则是对观察到的人或事进行描写的文体;应用文是人们在生活、学习、工作中为处理实际事物而写作的文体,实用性是其根本特点。
[3]第二,题材是指为表现文章主题所用的材料。
邹申、杨任明指出,“写作测试的题目要贴近学生的生活实际,选题应在学生所熟悉的范围内进行”'10]。
基于《新课标》“话题项目表”的24项话题'本研究将从学校生活、课外活动、日常生活、社会与文化、世 界与环境五个角度对S市中考英语书面表达题 的题材进行分析。
第三,情景提供形式是指以语 言、图画或图表等方式阐述写作任务、提供写作情景,以帮助考生更好地理解试题要求,完成写作任务。
《新课标》[3]要求学生在义务教育阶段 “能根据图式或表格写作简单的段落或操作说592016年11月中考英语书面表达题历时研究(2006—2016)明”。
因此,本研究将情景提供形式分为以下四 类:文字型、表格型、图表型、图画型。
其次,在试题设计方面,本研究将从试题的 真实性、交际性、开放性、提示信息四个维度进行 分析。
第一,“真实性是指某一语言测试任务与实 际语言运用任务在特征方面的对应程度”!11],其是 衡量语言测试质量最重要的指标之一,即是否是 受试者现在或者将来可能遇到的情景,真实性体 现于受试、考试任务和目标语真实情景的相互作 用中。
第二,交际性是指文章写作要明确交际的 目的、对象和交际者的身份等。
交际性的文章主 要用于表示感谢或道歉,提出要求或建议,表达 愿望或陈述观点等。
!12]第三,开放性是指写作试题 应给予受试者一定自由发挥的空间,合理的开放 性有利于保证试题的效度和区分度。
但这个空间 不宜太大,否则将不利于评分。
第四,提示信息用 于进一步阐述写作任务,以便考生更清晰明了地 理解写作要求。
提示信息的形式有语言、图画或 图表。
若提示信息采用图画或图表,则图画或图 表应清晰明了;若提示信息是语言,则文字应间 接而无多余;若提示信息是目标语,要防止受试 直接照搬原文;若提示信息是母语,要防止受试 直接翻译原文。
[2]二、试题分析根据上述分析框架,本研究从试题内容和试 题设计两个维度对2006—2016年S市中考英语 书面表达题进行了系统分析,具体结果如下。
(一#2006—2016年S市中考英语书面表达 试题的内容分析本研究主要从体裁、题裁和情景提供形式三 个维度对英语书面表达试题内容进行分析,研究 结果如下。
1.体裁分析依据传统作文体裁划分方法,英语书面表达 题的体裁可划分为说明文、议论文、记叙文、描写 文、应用文。
鉴于中考英语书面表达题多涉及两 种或多种体裁形式,如描写文通常和记叙文一道 使用[13]等现象,为了更加精确详实地呈现体裁信602016年11月息,研究在对体裁进行分类时,首先根据其表面 形式进行归类,如对书信、电子邮件等进行归类 时,将其归为应用文,然后再根据其内容实质,进 行体裁归类。
结果见表3。
表32006—2016年S市中考英语书面表达题的体裁分析体裁篇数比例(%)年份应用文4252006,2007,2008,2012说明文531.32008,2009,2011,2012,2014议论文4252010,2013,2015,2016记叙文212.52006,2007描写文 6.22006表3显示,2006年以来,S市中考英语试题 的书面表达题体裁较丰富,涵盖了应用文、说明 文、议论文、记叙文和描写文。
其中,说明文的比 例最大(31.3% ),然后是应用文(25%)和议论文 (25%)。
总体而言,S市英语中考书面表达题的体裁 部分主要呈现以下两个特点。
首先,强调语境的 创设,重视语言学习的真实性,强调语言在一定 语域下使用的得体性。
从表3可见,S市中考英语 书面表达题多以应用文的表现形式呈现,同时进 一步考查了学生对其他体裁写作的能力,2006 年、2007年、2008年和2012年均采用了该种形 式。
采用应用文考查方式有利于发展学生在真实 语境下的写作能力,可以提高学生对语域的敏感 度和措辞的得体性。