《专业外语》教学大纲
专业英语教学大纲.doc
《专业英语》课程教学大纲一、课程基本情况屮文名称：专业英语英文名称：Specialty English课程号：1020046授课对象：电了信息工程专业、电了信息科学与技术专业木科生开课学期：秋学时数：36学分数：2. 5课程性质：选修专业课考核方式：考查先修课程：大学英语后续课程：无开课教研室：电了信息教研室执笔人：李红二、课程教学目标1.任务和地位木课稈是对于电了专业学生专业英语能力训练和培养的一门重要课程，是对大学高年级学生继公共英语课程Z后的一个重要补充和提高。
2.知识要求木课稈着重从实用角度出发，使学生掌握电子信息类专业中大量的专业词汇、英语术语及用法, 提高学生阅读和撰写英文科技文章的能力。
3.能力要求通过教师讲解，结合学生课后杳阅英文资料，培养学生听、说、写的综合能力，掌握本专业的当前动态和前沿发展。
三、教学内容的基本要求和学时分配1.教学内容及要求(1)Unit 1 Electronic DevicesLesson 1 VLSI Technology； Lesson 2 Memory Devices；Lesson 3 Microprocessors； Exercises基木要求：掌握超大规模集成技术、存储器件和微处理器的基木知识。
(2)Unit 2 Electronic CircuitsLesson 4 Operaticnal Amplifiers； Lesson 5 Low pass Filters；Lesson 6 Analog to Digital Converters； Exercises 基木要求：掌握常用的放大器、低通滤波器、模数转换器的基木结构及原理。
(3)Unit 3 Electronic System ComponentsLesson 7 Switching Power Supply； Lesson 8 Clock Sources；Lesson 9 Intercorinect； Exercises 基木要求：掌握常用的开关电源、时钟信号源和互连器件的基木结构。
《机械工程专业外语》课程教学大纲
《机械工程专业外语》课程教学大纲课程名称：机械工程专业外语课程代码：MEAU1040英文名称：English in Mechanical Engineering课程性质：专业选修课程学分/学时：2学分/36学时开课学期：第6学期适用专业：机械工程、机械电子先修课程：大学英语、机械设计、机械原理、材料力学、理论力学后续课程：无开课单位：机电工程学院课程负责人：张峰峰大纲执笔人：张峰峰大纲审核人：倪俊芳一、课程性质和教学目标（在人才培养中的地位与性质及主要内容，指明学生需掌握知识与能力及其应达到的水平）课程性质：机械工程英语是一种用英语阐述机械工程专业中的理论、技术、试验和现象的英语体系。
它把英语和机械工程专业知识紧密地结合起来，用专业性的语言来描述客观存在的事物和现象，语言简洁明确，叙述力求客观真实。
重点培养机械及相关专业学生能阅读掌握科技领域的英语表达方式和常用词汇及帮助学生了解机械工程高新技术的发展情况。
通过本课程的教学，能够使学生在已有的英语基础上进一步提高听、说、读、写、译的能力和在机械领域的涉外英语交际能力。
教学目标：机械工程专业英语是机械工程专业的一门专业选修课程，是大学英语教学的一个重要组成部分，是促进学生们完成从英语学习过渡到实际应用的有效途径。
本课程的主要内容包括：力学、机械零件与结构、机械设计、机械制造、机器人技术、管理、现代制造技术、科技协作等方面。
其教学目的是使学生完成大学英语及相关专业学位课的教学后及时转入专业英语阅读，巩固已经掌握的基本词汇和语法知识，扩大专业词汇，掌握科技文章的语法结构，提高英语应用能力。
学生通过学习机械专业英语应具备阅读和翻译本专业的英语原文教材、科技文献和其他相关资料的能力；与国内外同行专家用英语进行技术交流，以获取最新的知识特别是国际上先进专业科学技术知识的能力；较熟练地用英语进行专业学术交流活动的能力。
本课程的具体教学目标如下：1.熟练掌握机械工程专业基本理论相关词汇，包括能够熟练朗读词汇、短语，能用英语解释词汇。
高等学校英语专业英语大纲()
高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲一、教学目标高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲旨在培养学生具备扎实的英语基本功，掌握英语语言、文学、文化等方面的知识，提高跨文化交际能力，培养具有国际视野、创新精神和实践能力的英语专业人才。
二、教学内容1. 语言知识：学生应掌握英语语音、词汇、语法、语篇等方面的基本知识，具备较强的英语听、说、读、写、译能力。
2. 文学知识：学生应了解英美文学的发展历程，掌握英美文学的基本理论、作品和流派，提高文学鉴赏能力。
3. 文化知识：学生应了解英语国家的文化背景、历史、宗教、社会习俗等，增强跨文化交际意识。
4. 专业知识：学生应掌握英语语言学、翻译学、英语教育等领域的基本理论和方法。
三、教学要求1. 听力：能听懂英语国家人士的日常生活、学术讲座、新闻报道等不同场合的英语对话和讲话，并能正确理解其内容。
2. 口语：能流利地进行日常英语交流，具备一定的公共演讲和辩论能力。
3. 阅读：能阅读英文原版书籍、报刊、杂志等，理解文章主旨、大意和细节，提高阅读速度和理解能力。
5. 翻译：能准确翻译英文文章、合同、说明书等，掌握英汉互译的基本技巧。
6. 专业知识：掌握英语语言学、翻译学、英语教育等领域的基本理论和方法，具备一定的研究能力。
四、教学方法与手段1. 课堂教学：采用启发式、讨论式、案例分析法等多种教学方法，激发学生的主动性和创造性，提高学生的参与度。
2. 实践教学：通过英语角、演讲比赛、戏剧表演、翻译实践等活动，让学生在实际运用中提高英语能力。
3. 现代教育技术：充分利用多媒体、网络资源等现代教育技术，丰富教学手段，提高教学效果。
4. 国际交流：鼓励学生参加国际交流活动，如海外夏令营、交换生项目等，拓宽国际视野。
五、评价与考核1. 过程评价：注重学生在学习过程中的表现，包括课堂参与、作业完成、小组讨论等，以促进学生全面发展。
2. 结果评价：通过期末考试、水平测试等方式，检验学生对英语知识的掌握程度和实际运用能力。
《机械专业外语》课程教学大纲
《机械专业外语》课程教学大纲课程类别：专业选修课适用专业：机械制造与自动化适用层次：高起专适用教育形式：成人教育考核形式：考查所属学院：制造科学与工程学院先修课程：机械设计基础、机械制造基础、工程材料等一、课程简介本课程是机械设计制造及其自动化专业本科生开设的专业选修课。
本课程兼顾英语语言的学习、应用和机械设计制造及其自动化专业知识三个方面的知识。
旨在培养学生在机械设计制造实践中应用英语的能力，同时强化学生对机械设计制造及其自动化专业术语、基本概念和理论的掌握。
内容包括机械设计，加工方法，工程材料和先进制造技术等，涉及面广，专业性强。
二、课程学习目标本课程为以提高学生机械类专业英语阅读和翻译能力为主要目标。
通过本课程的学习，使学生显著提高学生阅读原文专业书刊和翻译国外设备技术文件的能力，同时巩固和加深已有专业知识，了解本学科的发展前沿及国外本学科领域的发展趋势。
(一)知识目标1)使学生掌握机电专业领域的一些常用词汇、词组和特殊句型结构;2)使学生了解专业英语的特点及语法结构特点;3)掌握基本的英语语法规则,并能运用所学的语法知识;4)使学生掌握专业英语的翻译技巧,能基本学会涉及专业业务的结构简单的日常语言的翻译。
(二)能力目标1)使学生理解阅读相关专业一般难度英文材料的能力;2)具有进行简单的专业英语交流的能力；3)使学生借助词典能够阅读本专业领域中等难度的英语文章;4)翻译英文文章的能力；5)拓展学生运用英语进行交际的范围和继续学习的能力。
(三)素质目标1)使学生在学习过程中增进对国外机电专业知识的了解;激发学生的学习兴趣;发展学生的智力,提高他们的观察、注意、记忆、思维、想象、联想等能力;2)通过知识教学的过程培养学生自学能力;3)培养学生的创新精神和实践能力,努力为学生的终身发展奠定语言基础和专业基础;4)培养学生善于沟通交流和团队协助的能力。
三、与其他课程的关系本课程是学生在完成公共英语学习基础上的英语继续学习,学习了机械设计基础、机械制造技术基础、工程材料等专业课基础上开设的一门专业课,具备一定专业知识后在学习该课程能够使学生比较容易接受,教学环节顺序进行。
建筑专业外语课程教学大纲
《建筑专业外语》课程教学大纲一、课程基本信息二、课程目标（一）总体目标：本专业致力于培养杰出的工程师，重点关注学生的专业素养和创新精神的培养。
通过扎实的理论基础和实践能力的训练，使学生能够独立完成建筑设计，同时具备一定的城市、景观和室内设计能力。
本专业的毕业生应具备高度的人文素质和艺术修养，强大的创新意识和实践能力，以及多方面的职业适应能力，成为具有复合型建筑设计才能的综合型人才。
他们在建筑设计、理论和相关领域具有较强的竞争力，既能胜任研究生阶段的学习，又能承担设计工程项目。
毕业生需要具备强烈的自学能力，以便不断扩展自己的知识和技能。
此外，他们还应具备国际化视野和跨文化交流与合作能力，能够在团队中发挥协作精神并发挥特定作用。
（二）课程目标：本课程是专业的选修课，主要介绍专业中常用的词汇。
通过学习，使学生在基础知识、建造施工过程、材料和构造等方面掌握一定量的基本词汇，提高阅读理解专业文献的综合能力。
此外，通过英文阅读和讲座，学生可以初步了解最新的建筑设计理论，掌握建筑工业和先锋建筑师的发展趋势。
课程目的：掌握基本建筑专业英语词汇和表述方法，提高专业英语的读、听、写能力；拓展学生对建筑设计理论、结构类型学、设计方法、材料技术等的认识。
课程要求：要求学生掌握对建筑专业英语基本的读、听、写能力。
课程目标1 学习相关英文词汇和表述方法设计和制图中出现的相关英文词汇。
1.2 通过建筑学阅读和讲座，了解建筑学理论和设计表达相关词汇。
1.3 扩展学科视野，为未来的从业打下基础，能够在跨文化背景下进行沟通和交流。
课程目标2：了解建筑学现代主义之后相关设计理论，开拓跨学科思维2.1 通过外文理论文献阅读，加强对当代建筑学设计思潮认知，了解二十一世纪以来重点建筑学理论。
2.2 增强跨学科意识，了解建筑学相关产业与工业发展，为未来的从业打下基础。
课程目标3：设计汇报与交流能力3.1加强外语表达设计意图、设计概念和设计方案的能力，培养与业界同行和公众进行有效交流的技能。
《专业英语》课程教学大纲
《专业英语》课程教学大纲Professional English Course Syllabus.Course Description:This course is designed to help students develop the professional English language skills necessary for success in the workplace. Students will learn to communicate effectively in a variety of business settings, including meetings, negotiations, presentations, and written correspondence. The course will also cover cultural aspects of business communication and professional etiquette.Course Objectives:Upon successful completion of this course, studentswill be able to:Communicate effectively in a variety of business settings.Use appropriate language and tone in written and oral communication.Understand and use cultural norms in business communication.Conduct themselves professionally in the workplace.Course Content:Introduction to professional English.Business communication skills.Cultural aspects of business communication.Professional etiquette.Advanced English grammar and vocabulary.Business presentations.Business negotiations. Business correspondence. Teaching Methods:Lectures.Discussions.Role-playing.Presentations.Written assignments.Assessment:Class participation.Quizzes.Midterm exam.Final exam.Final project.Required Textbook:Professional English by John Eastwood. Grading:Class participation: 10%。
《专业外语》教学大纲
《专业外语》教学大纲课程编号：C064140620课程名称：专业外语课程类型：专业方向课英文名称：Professional Foreign Language适用专业：过程装备与控制工程专业总学时：20学分：1一、课程的性质、目的及任务《专业外语》是过程装备与控制工程专业的一门专业基础课程，在过程装备与控制工程专业的教学中有着重要地位。
它具有实用性强的特点，适合于过程装备与控制工程专业四年学制的学生。
本课程针对过程装备与控制工程专业本科生的英文学习要求，结合过程装备与控制工程专业知识体系，涉及过程装备与控制工程专业各领域知识及专业英文词汇。
学生通过本课程的学习，能够借助词典或其它辅助工具翻译相关的专业文献，进而能够了解本学科国内外发展的动态。
本课程学习的目的在于加强学生专业英语的阅读能力，扩大专业词汇量，培养语感，提高学生吸收国外先进技术及参与国际工程的能力。
并为学生毕业论文以及今后生产和科研中国际交流合作打下坚实的英语基础。
本课程学习的任务是培养学生顺利阅读专业英语的能力，进一步拓宽学生的视野，使学生能以英语为工具获取专业所需的知识和信息。
本课程在巩固基础英语的同时，为学生学习新的科学知识与科学技术、查阅本专业英文文献、引进先进技术、掌握国际上本专业发展动态打好语言基础。
二、课程教学的基本要求培养学生顺利阅读专业英语的能力，以英语为工具获取专业所需的知识和信息的能力，提高学生吸收国外先进技术及参与国际工程的能力。
要求学生学会阅读英文专著的方法，尤其是提高学生理解和翻译复杂长句、难句、从句的能力，为以后进一步从事本专业和相近专业的研究及对外交流打下较为扎实的基础。
具体要求如下：⑴学生能够较流利准确的阅读和理解英文著作；⑵学生应该掌握本专业重要名词术语的英译名称；⑶学生在借助词典和其它辅助工具的情况下，能够较准确地将专业英语著作翻译成汉语；⑷学生能够将科技论文的题目、摘要和关键词翻译成英文。
2．能力培养要求三、课程教学内容本课程内容覆盖了过程装备与控制工程专业的基本专业内容，包括过程装备力学基础、金属材料、过程工业、过程设备、过程机械和过程装备控制等六个部分，共有30个单元。
法律专业外语课程教学大纲
《法律专业外语》课程教学大纲一、《法律专业外语》课程说明（一）课程代码：02130016（二）课程英文名称：Legal English（三）开课对象：法学专业（四）课程性质：本课程是法学专业必选学科选修课程之一，一般在大学三年级开设。
法学专业本科学生通过两年的大学英语的学习，已掌握了普通英语的基本语汇、语汇和句型，为法律专业英语的学习打下了良好的基础。
法律专业英语课程的开设一方面为学生继续学习英语提供了良好的机会，另一方面也能使学生运用英语来表达自己所学的法律专业知识，从而为他们将来直接运用英语获得本专业的最新信息奠定基础。
其前导课程有综合英语、基本法律课程等。
在课程类别中属于专业教育课程、专业必修课。
（五）教学目的：通过这门课的教学与学习，将使学生了解和掌握法律英语的阅读与写作方法，并从众多节选于国外名著名篇中的课文里，了解国外尤其是英美法系国家里的法律制度，并培养学生运用已学的英语知识和相关法律原理来分析、处理和解决实际案例的能力。
（六）教学内容：本课程要求学生，首先必须熟知相关的法律知识，即英美法律制度，然后通过教师对某些课文的讲解和学生自身根据教师提问对某些课文的阅读，掌握相关法律词汇，包括法律英语中基本词汇，以及学生已熟悉，但在法律语境下，与日常用义大相径庭的词汇；掌握法律英语中长句的理解和翻译，从而熟悉和掌握法律英语的特点。
（七）学时数、学分数及学时数具体分配学时数： 48学时分数： 3学分（八）教学方式教学方式以课堂教学为主。
（九）考核方式和成绩记载说明考核方式为考查。
严格考核学生出勤情况，达到学籍管理规定的旷课量取消考试资格。
综合成绩根据平时成绩和期末成绩评定，平时成绩占40% ，期末成绩占60% 。
二、讲授大纲与各章的基本要求Lesson One：Legal System法律制度教学要点：Pre-reading tasks1.What legal systems do you know about? Can you say something about them?2.What is Russia’s legal system? And The Scandinavian countries’?Comprehension of the text: Answer the following questions1.How did civil-law system come into being?2.What countries does the civil-law family have influence on?3.What counties does the common law system have influence on?4.What is the characteristic of the civil-law family?5.What is the doctrine of common law?6.Does the development of a country have a close relationship with the country’s law?What is the difference between the civil-law family and the common law system?教学时数：2 学时教学内容：Legal systemsClusters/families/groups of legal systemsCivil-law familyCommon law systemlaw schools accredited by the American Bar Association. Most states do not accept bar applications from graduates of law schools not on that list.In the first year of law school students generally are required to take broad introductory topics. These may include torts, contracts, criminal law, civil procedure, property, and constitutional law. Many schools also require courses in legal writing and legal research.The second and third years of law school allow a student to concentrate on particular areas of the law such as business, litigation, international, or family law. A number of courses may still be recommend or required such as federal income taxation, corporations, commercial law, and professional ethics. In addition, the second and third years often provide the student with the chance to get some legal experience through legal aid clinics and internships.Law students usually participate in extra-curricular activities that provide them with further useful experience. Law reviews are legal academic journals edited and in part written by students. Membership in law review is usually granted on the basis of first year grades or a writing competition. Moot Court provides students with the opportunity to compete with one another by giving mock oral arguments before a panel of judges.Law school teaching tends to be far more interactive than is common in undergraduate education, despite large classes. In the classic "Socratic Method" the law professor asks a student a series of questions about assigned cases.教学时数：2 学时教学内容：Part one: Curriculum and the case methodPart two: Law school hierarchy考核要求：Which teaching method is better forlaw study:case method or lecture method?Lesson Four：Judicial System司法系统教学要点：1st period pre-reading activities (familiar with new words, terms, and background information)2nd period while reading (highlights of the text)3th period after-reading activities教学时数：2 学时教学内容：Part one:Courts--the Supreme Court--Court of Appeals--District CourtPart two:Judges--Justice--Judge--Justice of Peace/Magistrate考核要求：1.How many court systems are there in the United States? And what are they?2.How many judges generally are there in a federal district court?3.How are state court judges usually selected?Lesson Five：Constitution宪法教学要点：Warming-up questions1. How much do you know about English constitution?2. Can you guess what the theme of this unit refers to?3. Can you say something about the organ of the English government?Comprehension of the text.1. What is the form of government based on in Britain?2. According to the text, which of the following does not hold power?3. Which of the following causes a new election of the Cabinet?4. Where are the policies of the government warmly discussed and closely watched?5. How often is the election for seats in Commons held?教学时数： 2 学时教学内容：ConstitutionUnwritten constitutionSovereignMonarchExecutive branchCabinetHouse of CommonsHouse of Lords考核要求：Students will be able to:1.understand the main idea (the function of each organ of the government and their relationship in England)of the text;2. master some related legal terms; understand how the government work3. conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit.Lesson Six：Administrative Law行政法教学要点：Administrative law encompasses laws and legal principles governing the administration and regulation of government agencies (both Federal and state).Generally, administrative agencies are created to protect a public interest rather than to vindicate private rights.教学时数：2 学时教学内容：Administrative lawAgency actionAdministrative unitAdjudicationRulemakingdiscretionary考核要求：1.What is the scope of administrative law?2.What is agency action?3.What is interpretation in administrative law?4.What are the central tasks of administrative law?Lesson Seven：Criminal Law刑法教学要点：Students will be able to:1. understand the main idea (the general knowledge of crimes and punishment) of thetext;2. master some related legal terms;3. conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activitiesrelated to the theme of the unit.4. try to understand the criminal procedure教学时数：4 学时教学内容：Justice1. the ideal of fair and beneficent treatment of all people by each other and by their governments, which law in a democratic society attempts to serve2. the system of law and administration of lawCriminal justiceJustice of the peaceFraudStatuteCodeSelf-defenseMisdemeanor--a crime less serious than a felony, usually one punishable by incarceration for up to one year, in some states misdemeanors include some offenses punishable only by a fine考核要求：1. Comprehension of the text.1) Which aspect of law are ordinary people most familiar with?2) What kind of criminal conduct can be found in a federal government code?3) In which country was it illegal to own gold in the past?2. VocabularyCompare and contrast the following pair of wordscrime/criminal vary/variable threat/threaten violate/violationburglar/burglary3. GrammarLesson Eight：Civil Rights Law民权法教学要点：A civil right is an enforceable right or privilege, which if interfered with by another gives rise to an action for injury. Examples of civil rights are freedom of speech, press, assembly, the right to vote, freedom from involuntary servitude, and the right to equality in public places. Discrimination occurs when the civil rights of an individual are denied or interfered with because of their membership in a particular group or class. Statutes have been enacted to prevent discrimination based on a persons race, sex, religion, age, previous condition of servitude, physical limitation, national origin and in some instances sexual preference.教学时数：2 学时教学内容：The most important expansion of civil rights in the United States was the enactment of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments.The most prominent civil rights legislation since reconstruction is the Civil Rights Act of 1964.The judiciary, most notably the Supreme Court, plays a crucial role in interpreting the extent of the civil rights.The existence of civil rights and liberties are recognized internationally by numerous agreements and declarations.International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.考核要求：1.What is the common form of racial discrimination in the workplace?2.What is the Walker v. IRS about?Lesson Nine：Contract Law合同法教学要点：Students will be able to:1. understand what makes a valid contract;2. master some related legal terms;3. conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the themeof the unit.教学时数：4 学时教学内容：In legal terms, a contract is:1.A promise (or set of promises) that the law protects and enforces. e.g.2.seller: promise to deliver a carload of lumber3.buyer: promises to pay the seller a certain price4.If one party breached the contract, the other party can choose to sue.A valid contract“offer” and “acceptance” are promises and must be supported by “consideration”,which is: --a mysterious substance,--an intricate legal concept--underlying idea: each party makes his promise “in consideration” of something the other party promises.--e.g. I offer to sell my old car for $2,000, the buyer accepts (promising to pay $2,000) --- consideration on each side is clear.--e.g. I promise to give my daughter a handful of diamonds --- there is no “consideration” for my promise.考核要求：Pre-reading tasks1.What is a contract?2.What can people do with contracts?After-reading activitiesComprehension of the text: Answer the following questions1.How to understand “from status to contract”?2.What is a contract in legal terms?3.What are the factors in a valid contract?4.What is consideration?5.Why do businessmen tend to sidestep contract law in the world of affairs?6.What is the relationship between contract law and commercial law?Lesson Ten：Tort Law侵权法教学要点：Students will be able to:1.understand the main idea (the knowledge of tort law)of the text;2.master some related legal terms;3. conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activitiesrelated to the theme of the unit.教学时数： 2 学时教学内容：TortTortfeasorWrongFellow servant rule/doctrineNegligenceRecoverReasonable man/personStrict liability考核要求：Pre-reading tasks1. How much do you know about Torts law?2. What can be covered in torts law?After-reading activitiesComprehension of the text.1.What is the common characteristic of the behaviors defined as civil wrongs?2. Which category of civil wrongs has not grown rapidly in the 20th century?3. As for the product liability, to whom the court judgments are favorable in the 20th century?4. According to the text, what is the fundamental concept of tort law?Lesson Eleven：Property Law财产法教学要点：Property signifies dominion or right of use, control, and disposition which one may lawfully exercise over things, objects, or land. One of the basic dividing lines between property is that between real property and personal property. Generally, the term real property refers to land. Land, in its general usage, includes not only the face of the earth but everything of a permanent nature over or under it. This includes structures and minerals.教学时数：2 学时教学内容：There are further divisions within the real property classification. The most important are freehold estates, nonfreehold estates, and concurrent estates. (Others are future interests, specialty estates, and incorporeal interests).---Freehold estates are those in which an individual has ownership for an indefinite period of time. An example of a freehold estate is the "fee simple absolute", which is inheritable and lasts as long as the individual and his heirs wants to keep it. Another example is the "life estate", in which the individual retains possession of the land for the duration of his or her life.---Nonfreehold estates are property interests of limited duration. They include tenancy for years, tenancy at will, and tenancy at sufferance.---Concurrent estates exist when property is owned or possessed by two or more individuals simultaneously考核要求：1.What are the roles of government in the field of property law?2.What are the lawyers in the field of property law?3.What are the major areas in real property law?Lesson Twelve：Corporation Law公司法教学要点：A corporation is a legal entity created through the laws of its state of incorporation. Individual states have the power to promulgate laws relating to the creation, organization and dissolution of corporations. The law treats a corporation as a legal "person" that has standing to sue and be sued, distinct from its stockholders. The legal independence of a corporation prevents shareholders from being personally liable for corporate debts. It also allows stockholders to sue the corporation through a derivative suit and makes ownership in the company (shares) easily transferable. The legal "person" status of corporations gives the business perpetual life; deaths of officials or stockholders do not alter the corporation's structure.教学时数：2 学时教学内容：Corporation LawPart one: IntroductionPart two: Forms of businessA.ProprietorshipsB.PartnershipsC.Corporations考核要求：1.What are the main classes of business enterprises in the United States?2.What are the main categories of laws applicable to business enterprises in the United States?3.What are Blue Sky Laws?Lesson Thirteen：Insurance Law保险法教学要点：In the absence of insurance, three possible individuals bear the burden of an economic loss; the individual suffering the loss; the individual causing the loss via negligence or unlawful conduct; or lastly, a particular party who has been allocated the burden by the legislature, such as employers under Workmen's Compensation statutes. While types of insurance vary widely, their primary goal is to allocate the risks of a loss from the individual to a great number of people.教学时数：2 学时教学内容：In general, insurance companies are the safekeepers of the premiums. Because of its importance in maintaining economic stability, the government and the courts use a heavy hand in ensuring these companies are regulated and fair to the consumer.Each individual pays a "premium" into a pool, from which losses are paid out. Regardless of whether the particular individual suffers the loss or not the premium is not returnable.Up until 1944, insurance was not considered "commerce" and not subject to federal regulation. But in United States v. South-Eastern Underwriters Association, the Supreme Court held that Congress could regulate insurance transactions that were truly interstate.考核要求：1.Why do people purchase group insurance for personal needs?2.What are the important of insurance for business?3.What is “key man ” insurance?Lesson Fourteen：Commercial Law商法教学要点：Commercial law governs the broad areas of business, commerce, and consumer transactions. Specific law has developed in a number of commercial fields. The Uniform Commercial Code, which has been substantially adopted as statutory law in nearly every state, governs numerous areas of commercial law.教学时数：2 学时教学内容：Banks and bank accounts are regulated by both state and federal statutory law. Bank accounts may be established by national and state chartered banks and savings associations. All are regulated by the law under which they were established.Bankruptcy law provides for the development of a plan that allows a debtor, who is unable to pay his creditors, to resolve his debts through the division of his assets among his creditors.Credit allows consumers to finance transactions without having to pay the full cost of the merchandise at the time of the transaction.Negotiable instruments are mainly governed by state statutory law.Real estate transactions are governed by a wide body of federal statutes and state statutory and common law.考核要求：1.What is the history of the commerce clause adjudication?2.What does the Supreme Court interpret the commerce clause?Lesson Fifteen：Tax Law税法教学要点：The focus of this lesson is on tax and related issues. Tax includes income(corporate and personal), excise and other taxation devices. Commercial law, trade,intellectual property, etc. deal with the transactions giving rise to tax. Businessorganizations focuses upon the entities themselves.教学时数： 2 学时教学内容：Part one:Federal taxation1.Introduction2.Generalscope of the taxing power3.Direct v. indirect taxes4.Federal taxing and due process5.Federal taxes as regulatory measuresPart two:State taxation1.Death taxes2.Income taxes考核要求：1.What are the two limitations upon the exercise of Congress’ taxation power?2.What are the principles of due process with respect to jurisdiction to impose income taxesupon individuals and corporations in the United States?Lesson Sixteen：Environmental Law环境保护法教学要点：The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) was passed in 1970 along with the Environmental Quality Improvement Act, the Environmental Education Act, and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The main objective of these federal enactments was to assure that the environment be protected against both public and private actions that failed to take account of costs or harms inflicted on the eco-system.The EPA was supposed to monitor and analyze the environment, conduct research, and work closely with state and local governments to devise pollution control policies. NEPA (really enacted in 1969) has been described as one of Congress's most far reaching environmental legislation ever passed. The basic purpose of NEPA is to force governmental agencies to consider the effects on the environment of their decisions.State laws also reflect the same concerns and common law actions in nuisance allow adversely affected property owners to seek a judicial remedy for environtal harms harms.教学时数：2 学时教学内容：Part one: National environmental policy act(Enacted in 1970;Amended in 1975)Title one DECLARATION OF NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY Part two :Federal actions to address environmental justice in minority populations and low-income populations(Executive order 12898,1994)考核要求：1.Why did the Congress make the Declaration of National Environmental Policy?2.What is the continuing policy of the Federal Government?3.What are main contents of an environmental impact statement?Lesson Seventeen：Family Law家庭法教学要点：The right to freedom of choice in marriage and family relationships lies at the heart of the right to privacy. Family relationships, by their nature involve deep attachments and commitments to the necessarily few other individuals with whom one shares not only a special community of thoughts, experiences, and beliefs but also distinctly personal aspects of one’s life.教学时数： 2 学时教学内容：Domestic relations law--Marriage-husband-wife relation--divorce--separation--parent-child relation--adoption--custody--support考核要求：1.Should Abortion Be Legal?2.What is the relationship between the right to privacy and the right to freedom ofchoice in marriage and family relationships?Lesson Eighteen：Intellectual Property Law知识产权法教学要点：Pre-reading tasks1.What is copyright?2.What rights does Copyright Law protect?3.How can an owner get protected by Copyright Law?Comprehension of the text: Answer the following questions1.What rights does Copyright Law protect?2.What is a prescribed copyright notice made up of?3.How can an owner get protected by Copyright Law?4.What remedies may a copyright owner have if infringement is proved?5.As to the exception to the copyright infringement, what activities are in the realm of fairuse?6.What has been done to protect the copyright owners in the world?教学时数：2 学时教学内容：CopyrightCopyright can be sold or licensed to othersFormalities requirement under U.S. lawUCC (the Universal Copyright Convention)To secure copyright protection in the USA and UCC member nationsOther international conventions考核要求：Students will be able to:1. understand what makes a valid contract;2. master some related legal terms;3. conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the themeof the unit.Lesson Nineteen：Civil Procedure民事诉讼程序教学要点：Broadly speaking, civil procedure consists of the rules by which courts conduct civil trials. "Civil trials" concern the judicial resolution of claims by one individual or group against another and is to be distinguished from "criminal trials", in which the state prosecutes an individual for violation of criminal law."Procedure" is to be distinguished from "substantive law" in that substantive law defines the rights and duties of everyday conduct. Substantive law includes contract law, tort law, and so on.In America, civil procedure usually takes the form of a series of rules and judicial practices. The federal courts follow the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure; the state courts follow their own state rules of civil procedure.In federal courts, evidentiary rules are governed by the Federal Rules of Evidence.The state courts follow their own state rules of evidence.教学时数： 2 学时教学内容：adersary systemjury systemFederal Rule of Civil ProcedureJury Trial1.In general2.Scope of jury rights3.Means of controlling the jury考核要求：1.What were the there types of courts in the English legal history?2.What are the distinctive characteristics of the adversary trial system?3.Writing a legal memorandumLesson Twenty：Criminal Procedure刑事诉讼程序教学要点：The rules of criminal procedure are different from those of civil procedure, because the two areas (criminal and civil) have different objectives and results. In criminal cases, the state brings the suit and must show guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, while in civil cases the plaintiff brings the suit and must only show the defendant is liable by a preponderance of the evidence.The American criminal system is an adversarial and accusatorial model. Criminal procedure must balance the defendant's rights and the state's interests in a speedy and efficient trial with the desire for justice. Therefore, the rules of criminal procedure are designed to ensure that a defendant's rights are protected.教学时数： 2 学时教学内容：Part one : the adversary systemPart two: the accusatorial systemThe burden of proofThe burden of going forward with the evidencePresumption of innocencePart three: standards of proof考核要求：1.How does an adversary system arrive at a decision?2.What is an inquisitorial system?3.How many standards of proof are critical legal standards and what are they?4.What is the key to an accusatorial process of proof?Lesson Twenty One：Rules of Evidence证据规则教学要点：There are two principal questions about evidence that have to be answered.First, what matters and what materials should be admitted into evidence for the jury to consider?Secondly, what use can properly be made by the jurors of those matters and materials that are ruled admissible?教学时数： 2 学时教学内容：Rules of evidence: Admissibility; Relevancy;Weight;Sufficiency;Burden of proofTypes of evidence : direct evidence; indirect evidenceForms of evidence--Testimonial evidence--Tangible evidence--Judicial notice考核要求：1.What do the rules of evidence apply to?2.What is ‘RELEV ANT EVIDENCE”?3.What evidence is not admissible?4.What are the court direct a party to predicate error upon a ruling?Lesson Twenty Two：WTO Rules世贸组织规则教学要点：The WTO’s procedure for resolving trade quarrels under the Dispute Settlement Understanding is vital for enforcing the rules and therefore for ensuring that trade flows smoothly.A dispute arises when a member government believes another member government is violating an agreement or a commitment that it has made in the WTO. The authors of these agreements are the member governments themselves —the agreements are the outcome of negotiations among members. Ultimate responsibility for settling disputes also lies with member governments, through the Dispute Settlement Body.教学时数： 2 学时教学内容：A unique contributionDispute settlement is the central pillar of the multilateral trading system, and the WTO’s unique contribution to the stability of the global economy. Without a means of settling disputes, the rules-based system would be less effective because the rules could not be enforced. The WTO’s procedure underscores the rule of law, and it makes the trading system more secure and predictable. The system is based on clearly-defined rules, with timetables for completing a case. First rulings are made by a panel and endorsed (or rejected) by the WTO’s full membership. Appeals based on points of law are possible.---Principles: equitable, fast, effective, mutually acceptable---First stage: consultation (up to 60 days).--- Second stage: the panel (up to 45 days for a panel to be appointed, plus 6 months for the panel to conclude).---Appeals考核要求：1.How are disputes settled?2.What is DSU?3.What is DSB?三、推荐教材和参考书目1．《法律英语》，何家弘，第二版，法律出版社，20042．《法律英语教程》，沙丽金、林萍，中国政法大学出版社，20003．《法律英语》，董世忠、赵建，复旦大学出版社，19974．《法律英语核心教程》，杜金榜、张新红，对外经济贸易大学出版社，2002执笔人：申静审核人：张道功审定：法学院。
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《专业外语》教学大纲一、课程基本信息课程名称（中、英文）：《专业外语》（Technical English for Polymer Material Engineering）课程号（代码）：300046020课程类别：专业选修课学时：32 学分：2二、教学目的及要求高分子材料工程专业英语针对高分子材料工程行业的特定性和特殊性、专业性而开设的英语课程。
对非英语专业的学生而言，英语水平和能力的培养不仅是文化素质的重要部分，在很大程度上也是能力的补充和延伸。
学生毕业后无论在企业、科研机构或高校工作，只要从事科技开发，大量需要查阅英文最新的第一手科技信息，这些信息多存在于当前发表的专利、专业杂志和新闻报导或评论体裁的专业文献中。
为了使学与用更好的连接起来，因此本课程除了向学生介绍本专业常用专业词汇及词组外，还要讲授专业英语的特点，内容的构成特点，特别是英文文献的写作特点，并结合最新的科技文献作为例子说明，从而使学生掌握专业文献的特点和相关的知识在专业英语中如何描述。
本课程的目的在于通过本课程的学习，使学生在专业学习和研究中更好地应用英语，以逐步达到能用英语较熟练地阅读本专业的文献资料、专业写作及适应其他科技交流活动的需要。
本课程要求学生掌握专业英语特点，专业英语构词法，常用专业英语词汇、术语，能够顺利阅读本专业的英文资料，能够顺利翻译本专业各种体裁的英文文献，并且具备初步的英文文献写作能力。
对毕业要求及其指标点支撑情况：对毕业要求及其分指标点支撑情况：（1）毕业要求1，分指标点1.4；（2）毕业要求10，分指标点10.2；三、教学内容（含各章节主要内容、学时分配，并以下划线或*等方式注明重点、难点。
总课时由于专业的合并超过了32学时，各班上课老师酌情选择不同单元上。
考试时多出题，让学生在其中选作相关题目。
）第1章专业英语的特点和构词法（3学时）简要介绍本课程设置的背景，要求以及上课和考核方式。
详细讲解专业英语的特点和专业词汇构词法，使学生了解科技英语以表达科技概念、理论和事实为主要目的，注重客观事实和真相，逻辑性强，条理规范，表达准确、精练及语言规范，要求学生掌握专业词汇的词根、前缀、后缀、复合词、派生词等构词法。
该部分授课内容主要及要点如下：1.专业英语的特点：专业英语词汇特点，专业英语语法特点，专业英语的修辞特点。
2.专业英语构词法：专业英语词根、前缀、后缀、复合词、派生词、转化词、缩略词等。
第2章What are Polymer（2学时）使学生初步接触高分子专业英文文献，掌握大分子、聚合物、溶液等专业词汇及其构成法，翻译课文，并且能够应用专业英语解释相关概念。
该部分授课内容主要及要点如下：1.本章专业单词及其相关衍生词：例如polymer, macromolecule, monomer,dissolution, saturation, solvent, crystal等。
2.复杂句子结构及其意思。
3.翻译全篇课文并讲解。
第3章Chain Polymerization（2学时）掌握Chain Polymerization相关的专业词汇及其构成法，翻译课文，并且能够应用专业英语解释相关概念，了解科技英语翻译的基本知识。
该部分授课内容主要及要点如下：1.本章专业单词及其相关衍生词：例如polymerization, chain, olefinic, vinyl,initiator, catalyst等2. 复杂句子结构及其意思。
3.翻译全篇课文并讲解。
4.科技英语翻译的知识和要点第4章Step-growth Polymerization（2学时）掌握Step-growth Polymerization相关的专业词汇及其构成法，翻译课文，并且能够应用专业英语解释相关概念，掌握部分高分子单体的词根。
该部分授课内容主要及要点如下：1.本章专业单词及其相关衍生词：例如Synthesis, oxide, substitution, amine,condensation, carboxyl等2.复杂句子结构及其意思。
3.翻译全篇课文并讲解。
4.高分子单体的词根。
第5章Ionic Polymerization（2学时）掌握Ionic Polymerization相关的专业词汇及其构成法，翻译课文，并且能够应用专业英语解释相关概念，了解科技文献的检索和阅读。
该部分授课内容主要及要点如下：1.本章专业单词及其相关衍生词：例如Ionic, cationic, anionic, oxide, parameter等2.复杂句子结构及其意思。
3.翻译全篇课文并讲解。
4.科技文献的检索和阅读。
第6章Molecular weight and its distribution of Polymers（2学时）掌握Molecular weight and its distribution of Polymers相关的专业词汇及其构成法，翻译课文，并且能够应用专业英语解释相关概念，了解科技论文写作的特点。
该部分授课内容主要及要点如下：1.本章专业单词及其相关衍生词diffuse, disintegrate, agitation, contour 等。
2.复杂句子结构及其意思。
3.翻译全篇课文并讲解。
4.科技论文写作的特点。
第7章Polymer solution（2学时）掌握Polymer solution相关的专业词汇及其构成法，翻译课文，并且能够应用专业英语解释相关概念，了解科技论文组成和逻辑。
该部分授课内容主要及要点如下：1.本章专业单词及其相关衍生词morphology, simultaneously, platelet, accordion,entanglement等。
2.复杂句子结构及其意思。
3.翻译全篇课文并讲解。
4.科技论文组成和逻辑第8章Morphology of Solid Polymers（2学时）掌握Morphology of Solid Polymers相关的专业词汇及其构成法，翻译课文，并且能够应用专业英语解释相关概念，了解科技论文遣词造句。
该部分授课内容主要及要点如下：1.本章专业单词及其相关衍生词Subdivide, category, stretch, deformability,thermoplastic, stereoregular, 等。
2.复杂句子结构及其意思。
3.翻译全篇课文并讲解。
4.科技论文遣词造句。
第9章Functional Polymers（2学时）掌握Functional Polymers相关的专业词汇及其构成法，翻译课文，并且能够应用专业英语解释相关概念，进行科技论文写作训练。
该部分授课内容主要及要点如下：1.本章专业单词及其相关衍生词functional polymer, backbone, pendant group,reactivity, biomedical, agrochemical, flame retardant等。
2.复杂句子结构及其意思。
3.翻译全篇课文并讲解。
4.科技论文写作训练。
第10章Extrusion （3学时）1、Introduction (1学时)要点：♦ Definition of extrusion♦ Advantages and disadvantages of extrusion (Advantages: high productionvolume, continuous, efficient melting, many types of raw materials;Disadvantages: Limited complexity of parts, uniform cross-sectional shapesonly)♦ Types of raw materials for extrusion (Pellets, resin granules, resin flakes,resin regrinds, powders)1、Equipment of extrusion (1学时)要点：♦ Five principal parts of the extrusion line (extrusion, die or tool, cooling, puller and removal)♦Components of extruder (base, thrust bearing, electrical heating elements, thermocouples, hopper, feed throat, barrel, screw, die)♦The functions of extruder screw (conveying the resin through the extruder; imparting mechanical energy as part of the melting process; mixing ingredients together; building pressure in the extruder so that the resin will be pushed through the die)♦Three sections of single screw extrusion (feed section, compression section, and metering section)2、Major types of extruded products (1 学时)要点：♦ Feature of pipe and tubing dies (spider die, offset die)♦ Feature of sheet extrusion die (wide die)♦ Feature of blown films (tubular die)♦ Feature of synthetic fibers (spinneret)了解挤出成型的原理和优势，了解挤出装置的各个组成以及各个组成的特点和作用，了解常见的挤出制品的成型原理。
准备相关英文材料，分组讨论。
第11章Injection molding （3学时）1、Introduction (1学时)要点：♦Definition of injection molding (A plastic is melted and then forced into the cavity of a closed mold, which gives shape to the plastic. After sufficient time for the plastic part to solidify (usually by cooling), the mold is opened and the part is removed.)♦Advantages of injection molding (highly repeatable, high output rate, low labor cost)♦The major factors that determine costs (material type, mold cost, parts per cycle, and mold cycle time)2、Equipment (1学时)要点：♦Three main functional units of injection molding (injection, mold, and clamping)♦Components of injection unit (hopper, reciprocating screw, check valve, non-return value, nozzle)♦Advantages of reciprocating screw (more uniform melting, improved mixing of additives and dispersion throughout the resin, lower injection pressures, larger permissible part area, fewer stresses in parts, and faster total cycle)3、Normal Operation and Control (1学时)要点：♦Injection cycle for a reciprocating screw injection molding machine (clamping, injection molding, cooling, ejection)♦How to reach a steady-state operation♦How to start up injection molding了解注塑成型的原理和优势，了解注塑装置的各个组成以及各个组成的特点和作用，了解注塑成型基本操作过程和注意事项。