财务管理第七章习题与答案
《财务管理》章节及期末考试参考答案
《财务管理》章节及期末考试答案宁夏大学目录第一章总论 (1)第二章财务管理的价值观念 (5)第三章财务分析 (11)第四章财务战略与预算 (15)第五章长期筹资方式 (16)第六章资本结构决策 (20)第七章投资决策原理 (24)第八章短期资产管理 (27)第九章短期筹资管理 (29)第十章股利理论与政策 (31)期末考试 (31)第一章总论总论习题1.单选题（1分）在下列各种观点中，既能够考虑资金的时间价值和投资风险，又有利于克服管理上的片面性和短期行为的财务管理目标是（）。
正确答案：B2.单选题（1分）在下列各项中，从甲公司的角度看，能够形成“本企业与债务人之间财务关系”的业务是（）。
正确答案：A3.单选题（1分）现代财务管理的最优目标是（）正确答案：A4.单选题（1分）财务管理区别于其它管理的特点在于，它是一种（）。
正确答案：C5.单选题（1分）企业与受资者之间的财务关系是（）。
正确答案：A6.单选题（1分）以下几类影响财务管理的环境因素中，哪一类起决定性作用（）。
正确答案：B7.单选题（1分）企业财务管理活动包括（）正确答案：B8.单选题（1分）企业与债权人之间的财务关系主要体现为（）正确答案：D9.单选题（1分）在经济周期的繁荣阶段，企业通常应该（）正确答案：B10.单选题（1分）股东财富最大化目标和经理追求的实际目标之间总是存有差异，其差异源自于（）正确答案：B11.多选题（2分）下列各项中，属于企业资金营运活动的有（）。
正确答案：AB（少选不得分）12.多选题（2分）企业财务活动主要包括以下哪些方面（）。
正确答案：ABCD（少选不得分）13.多选题（2分）企业组织形式的主要类型是（）。
正确答案：BCD（少选不得分）14.多选题（2分）一般而言，资金利率的组成因素有（）。
正确答案：ABCD（少选不得分）15.多选题（2分）通货膨胀对企业财务活动的影响，主要体现为（）。
正确答案：BD（少选不得分）16.判断题（1分）现代企业制度下，企业的财务机构和会计机构职能基本相同，没有必要分开设置。
财务管理第六版练习题答案人大版-练习题答案(第七章)精选全文完整版
可编辑修改精选全文完整版第七章练习题答案：1．解：留存收益市场价值＝400500800250=⨯(万元) 长期资金＝200+600+800+400＝2000(万元)(1)长期借款成本=5％×（1-25％）＝3.75％比重=2001200010= (2)债券成本=5008%(125%) 5.21%600(14%)⨯⨯-=⨯- 比重=6003200010= (3)普通股成本=50010%(16%)6%12.97%800(15%)⨯⨯++=⨯- 比重=8004200010= (4)留存收益成本=25010%(16%)6%12.63%400⨯⨯++= 比重=4002200010= (5)综合资金成本=3.75%×110+5.21%×310+12.97%×410+12.63％×210=9.65%2. 解：（1）2009年变动经营成本=1800×50%=900（万元）2009年息税前利润EBIT 2009=1800-900-300=600（万元）2009/600450/450 1.67/18001500/1500EBIT EBIT DOL S S ∆===∆（-）（-） 2009200920102009200920091800(150%) 1.51800(150%)300S C DOL S C F -⨯-===--⨯-- （2）2008200920082008450 1.8450200EBIT DFL EBIT I ===-- 2010/22.5% 1.5/15%EPS EPS DFL EBIT EBIT ∆===∆ （3）200920092009 1.67 1.8 3.006DTL DOL DFL =⨯=⨯=201020102010 1.5 1.5 2.25DTL DOL DFL =⨯=⨯=3．解：（1）设每股利润无差别点为EBIT 0，那么220110)1)((EBIT )1)((EBIT N T I N T I --=-- 00(EBIT 40012%)(125%)(EBIT 40012%30014%)(125%)9060-⨯--⨯-⨯-=EBIT 0=174（万元）（2）如果预计息税前利润为150万元，应当选择第一个方案，即发行股票方案。
财务管理第七章习题
B、200
C、15
D、12
【正确答案】D
【答案解析】应收帐款占用资金应计利息＝日销售额×平均收现期×变动成本率×资本成本＝2000/360×45×60%×8%＝12（万元）
单选题
3、关于应收帐款的成本，下列说法中不正确的是（ ）。
A、因投放于应收帐款而放弃其他投资所带来的收益，即为应收帐款的机会成本
【答案解析】企业经营的不确定性和风险忍受程度决定了流动资产的存量水平，表现为在流动资产帐户上的投资水平，所以选项B的说法不正确。对于不同的产业和公司规模，流动资产与销售额比率的变动范围非常大，所以选项A的说法不正确；一个公司必须选择与其业务需要和管理风格相符合的流动资产投资策略。如果公司管理政策是保守的，它将选择一个高水平的流动资产/销售收入比率，保证更高的流动性（安全性）。所以选项C的说法正确；在不可预见的事件没有损坏企业的流动性而导致严重问题发生的情况下，紧缩的流动资产投资策略会提高企业效益，选项D的说法缺乏前提，所以不正确。
【答案解析】在成本模型中，考虑的成本包括机会成本、管理成本和短缺成本，三种成本之和最小时的现金持有量为最佳持有量。所以，选项A的说法不正确。三种模型的共同点是都考虑了机会成本，在存货模型中，考虑的是机会成本和交易成本（交易成本与现金和有价证券之间的转换次数成正比，相当于存货的变动订货成本与订货次数的关系，这有助于理解为什么在现金的存货模型中考虑了交易成本），在最佳现金持有量下，机会成本＝交易成本；在随机模型中，回归线R的计算公式 中的i表示的是以日为基础计算的现金机会成本，由此可知，考虑了机会成本。b表示的是每次有价证券的固定转换成本，由此可知，考虑了交易成本。由于H＝3R－2L，所以，H－R＝2×（R－L）。
B、应收帐款的机会成本＝应收帐款平均余额×资本成本
国开企业集团财务管第7章自测试题及答案
国开企业集团财务管第7章自测试题及答案单项选择题：试题 1下列不属于反映偿债能力的财务指标有（）。
正确答案是：应收账款周转率试题 2资产负债率，也称负债比率，它是企业（）与资产总额的比率。
正确答案是：负债总额试题 3净资产收益率是企业净利润与净资产（账面值）的比率，反映了（）的收益能力。
正确答案是：股东试题 4基于战略管理过程的集团管理报告体系，应在报告内容体现：战略及预算目标；（）；差异分析；未来管理举措等四项内容。
正确答案是：实际业绩试题 5下列属于财务管理分析外部信息的是（）。
正确答案是：竞争对手资料与相关信息试题 6利润表是反映公司在某一时期内（）基本报表。
正确答案是：经营成果试题 7现金流量表是反映企业在一定时期内（）流入与流出的报表。
正确答案是：现金及现金等价物试题 8财务状况是对公司某一时点的资产运营、（）等的统称。
正确答案是：资产负债结构试题 9资产负债表一般由左（资产）右（负债和股东权益）两方构成其逻辑关系是（）。
正确答案是：资产=负债+股东权益试题 10利润表是反映公司在某一时期内经营成果的基本报表。
利润表的编制逻辑是（）。
正确答案是：利润=营业收入—费用试题 11净利润，它是利润总额扣减按所得税法计算的（）后的利润净额。
正确答案是：所得税费用试题 12流动比率,它是( )与流动负债的比率。
正确答案是：流动资产多项选择题：试题 13企业集团财务管理分析至少包括( )等大类。
正确答案是：集团整体财务管理分析, 集团分部财务管理分析试题 14任何财务管理分析都是对信息的剖析与再利用。
信息归纳起来主要内部信息和外部信息两大类。
下列信息属于外部信息的有（）。
正确答案是：国家宏观经济政策, 行业报告, 资本市场与产品市场相关信息试题 15财务报表由（）等部分组成。
正确答案是：报表主体, 报表附注试题 16在会计上，现金流量表要反映出企业( )的现金流量。
正确答案是：投资活动, 筹资活动, 经营活动试题 17财务状况主要体现在（）等方面。
财务管理学---第7章 例题答案
第7章投资决策原理【例1·单选题】将企业投资区分为固定资产投资、流动资产投资、期货与期权投资等类型所依据的分类标志是（D）。
A.投入行为的介入程度B.投入的领域C.投资的方向D.投资的内容『答案解析』根据投资的内容，投资可以分为固定资产投资、无形资产投资、其他资产投资、流动资产投资、房地产投资、有价证券投资、期货与期权投资、信托投资和保险投资等。
【例2·判断题】直接投资是指通过购买被投资对象发行的金融工具而将资金间接转移交付给被投资对象使用的投资（错）『答案解析』间接投资是指通过购买被投资对象发行的金融工具而将资金间接转移交付给被投资对象使用的投资，如企业购买特定投资对象发行的股票、债券、基金等。
【例3·计算题】某企业拟投资新建一个项目，在建设起点开始投资，历经两年后投产，试产期为1年，主要固定资产的预计使用寿命为10年。
据此，可以估算出该项目的如下指标：（1）建设期；（2）运营期；（3）达产期；（4）项目计算期。
『正确答案』建设期＝2年运营期＝10年达产期＝10－1＝9（年）项目计算期＝2＋10＝12（年）【例4·计算题】B企业拟新建一条生产线项目，建设期2年，运营期20年。
全部建设投资分别安排在建设起点、建设期第2年年初和建设期末分三次投入，投资额分别为100万元、300万元和68万元；全部流动资金投资安排在投产后第一年和第二年年末分两次投入，投资额分别为15万元和5万元。
根据项目筹资方案的安排，建设期资本化利息22万元。
要求：计算下列指标（1）建设投资；（2）流动资金投资；（3）原始投资；（4）项目总投资。
『正确答案』（1）建设投资合计＝100＋300＋68＝468（万元）（2）流动资金投资合计＝15＋5＝20（万元）（3）原始投资＝468＋20＝488（万元）（4）项目总投资＝488＋22＝510（万元）【例5·判断题】在项目投资决策中，净现金流量是指经营期内每年现金流入量与同年现金流出量之间的差额所形成的序列指标。
财务管理·课后作业·习题班第七章
D.若股价低迷，面临兑付债券本金的压力
3.下列关于资金成本的说法中，正确的有()。
A.资金成本的本质是企业为筹集和使用资金而发生的代价
B.资金成本并不是企业筹资决策中所要考虑的唯一因素
C.资金成本的计算主要以年度的相对比率为计量单位
D.资金成本可以视为项目投资或使用资金的机会成本
简要资产负债表
2007年12月31日单位：元
该公司2007年的营业收入为100000元，营业净利率为10%，现在还有剩余生产能力，即增加收入不需进行固定资产投资，此外流动资产和流动负债中的应付账款均随营业收入的增加而增加。
（1）如果2008年的预计营业收入为120000元，公司的股利支付率为50%，其他条件不变，那么需要从企业外部筹集多少资金？
A.定额预测法
B.比率预测法
C.资金习性预测法
D.成本习性预测法
6.某企业向银行借款100万元，期限1年，年利率为10%。按照贴现法付息，该项贷款的实际利率是（）。
A.11%
B.10%
C.9%
D.12%
7.相对于借款购置设备而言，融资租赁设备的主要缺点是( )。
A.筹资速度较慢
B.融资成本较高
C.到期还本负担重
【解析】本题的考点是各种筹资方式的优缺点。吸收直接投资属于增加自有资金，所以有利于壮大企业经营实力，有利于降低企业财务风险。但其资金成本较高，且会分散控制权。
6.
【答案】BCD
【解析】商业信用是短期筹资方式，其筹资风险较大。
7.
【答案】ABC
【解析】公司股票上市的不利影响主要有：
（1）使公司失去隐私权；
④第60天付款，付全额。
《财务管理》书课后习题第7章参考答案
《财务管理》参考答案第七章一．单项选择1.A2.A3.B4.C5.B6.A7.B8.D9.B 10.B二．多项选择1.CD2.BC3.ABCD4.AC5.BC6.ABCD7.AB8.ABC9.ABC 10.BC 三．判断1.×2.×3.×4.√5.√6.√7.×8.×9.×10.√四．计算题1.(1) 最佳现金持有量（Q）=%2500002⨯⨯500/10=50000（元）(2) 最佳现金持有量下的全年现金管理总成本（TC）=%⨯2⨯⨯10250000500=5000（元）全年现金转换成本 =（250000÷50000）×500=2500（元）全年现金持有机会成本 =（50000÷2）×10%=2500（元）(3) 最佳现金持有量下的全年有价证券交易次数（T/Q）= 250000/50000= 5（次）有价证券交易间隔期 = 360÷5 = 72(天)2.（1）赊销额 = 4500× 1/1+4 = 3600(万元)（2）应收账款平均余额 = 3600/360 ×60 = 600（万元）（3）维持赊销业务所需要的资金额 = 600×50% = 300（万元）（4）应收账款的机会成本额 = 300×10% = 30（万元）（5）应收账款平均收账天数 = 400÷(3600÷360) = 40(天)3.（1）第一种方案应收账款的平均收现期＝10×50％＋30×50％＝20（天）应收账款周转率＝360/20＝18（次）应收账款的机会成本＝400000/360×20×0.7×10%=1555.56（元）现金折扣＝400000×50％×2％＝4000（元）坏账损失＝400000×50％×3％＝6000（元）该折扣政策下的总成本＝1555.56+4000+6000=11555.56（元）第二种方案：平均收现期＝20×50％＋30×50％＝25（天）应收账款周转率＝360/25=14.4（次）应收账款的机会成本＝400000/360×25×0.7×10％＝1944.44（元）现金折扣＝400000×50％×1％＝2000（元）坏账损失＝400000×50％×3％＝6000（元）该折扣政策下的总成本＝1944.44+2000+6000=9944.44（元）应选择第二种折扣政策（2）第三种折扣政策：平均收现期＝20×1／3＋30×2／3≈26.7（天）应收账款周转率＝360/26.7＝13.48（次）应收账款的机会成本＝400000/360×26.7×0.7×10%=2076.67(元)现金折扣=400000×1/3×1%≈1333.33(元)坏账损失=400000×2/3×3%≈8000(元)该折扣政策下的总成本=2076.67+1333.33+8000=11410(元)所以应选择第二种折扣政策。
财务管理课后答案第七章
Chapter 7Problems1. City Farm Insurance has collection centers across the country to speed up collections. The company alsomakes its disbursements from remote disbursement centers. The collection time has been reduced by two days and disbursement time increased by one day because of these policies. Excess funds are being invested in short-term instruments yielding 12 percent per annum.a. If City Farm has $5 million per day in collections and $3 million per day in disbursements, howmany dollars has the cash management system freed up?b. How much can City Farm earn in dollars per year on short-term investments made possible by thefreed-up cash?7-1. Solution:City Farm Insurancea. $5,000,000 daily collections× 2.0 days speed up = $10,000,000 additional collections$3,000,000 daily disbursements× 1.0 days slow down = $ 3,000,000 delayed disbursements$13,000,000 freed-up fundsb. $13,000,000 freed-up funds12% interest rate$1,560,000 interest on freed-up cash2. Nicholas Birdcage Company of Hollywood ships cages throughout the country. Nicholas has determined that through the establishment of local collection centers around the country, he can speed up the collection of payments by one and one-half days. Furthermore, the cash management department of his bank has indicated to him that he can defer his payments on his accounts by one-half day without affecting suppliers. The bank has a remote disbursement center in Florida.a. If the company has $4 million per day in collections and $2 million per day in disbursements, howmany dollars will the cash management system free up?b. If the company can earn 9 percent per annum on freed-up funds, how much will the income be?c. If the annual cost of the new system is $700,000, should it be implemented?7-2. Solution:Nicholas Birdcage Company of Hollywooda. $4,000,000 daily collections× 1.5 days speed up = $6,000,000 additional collections$2,000,000 daily disbursements× .5 days slow down = $1,000,000 delayed disbursements$7,000,000 freed-up fundsb.$7,000,000 freed-up funds9% interest rate$630,000 interest on freed-up cash⨯ c.No. The annual income of $630,000 is $70,000 less than the annual cost of $700,000 for the new system.3. Megahurtz International Car Rentals has rent-a-car outlets throughout the world. It also keeps funds for transactions purposes in many foreign countries. Assume in 2003, it held 100,000 reals in Brazil worth 35,000 dollars. It drew 12 percent interest, but the Brazilian real declined 20 percent against the dollar. a . What is the value of its holdings, based on U.S. dollars, at year-end (Hint: multiply $35,000 times 1.12 and then multiply the resulting value by 80 percent.)b .What is the value of its holdings, based on U.S. dollars, at year-end if it drew 9 percent interest and the real went up by 10 percent against the dollar? 7-3.Solution:Megahurtz International Car Rentala.$35,000 × 1.12 = $39,200$39,200 × 80% = $31,360 dollar value of real holdings b.$35,000 × 1.09 = $38,150$38,150 × 110% = $41,965 dollar value of real holdings4. Thompson Wood Products has credit sales of $2,160,000 and accounts receivable of $288,000. Computethe value of the average collection period. 7-4.Solution:Thompson Wood ProductsAccounts ReceivableAverage collection period Average daily credit sales$288,000$2,160,000/360$288,00048days $6,000====5. Lone Star Petroleum Co. has annual credit sales of $2,880,000 and accounts receivable of $272,000. Compute the value of the average collection period. 7-5.Solution:Lone Star Petroleum Co.Accounts ReceivableAverage collection period Average daily credit sales$272,000$2,288,000/360$272,0008,00034days====6. Knight Roundtable Co. has annual credit sales of $1,080,000 and an average collection period of 32 days in 2008. Assume a 360-day year. What is the company ’s average accounts receivable balance? Accounts receivable are equal to the average daily credit sales times the average collection period. 7-6.Solution:Knight Roundtable Co.$1,080,000annual credit sales$3,000credit sales a day 360days per year=$3,000 average 32 average $96,000 average accounts daily credit sales collection period receivable balance=⨯ 7. Darla ’s Cosmetics has annual credit sales of $1,440,000 and an average collection period of 45 days in 2008. Assume a 360-day year.What is the company ’s average accounts receivable balance? Accounts receivable are equal to the average daily credit sales times the average collection period. 7-7.Solution:Darla ’s Cosmetic Company$1,440,000 annual credit sales/360 = $4,000 per day credit sales$4,000 credit sales × 45 average collection period = $180,000 average accounts receivable balance8. In Problem 7, if accounts receivable change to $200,000 in the year 2009, while credit sales are$1,800,000, should we assume the firm has a more or a less lenient credit policy? 7-8.Solution:Darla ’s Cosmetics (Continued)To determine if there is a more lenient credit policy, compute the average collection period.Accounts ReceivableAverage collection period Average daily credit sales$200,000$1,800,000/360$200,00040 days $5,000====Since the firm has a shorter average collection period, it appears that the firm does not have a more lenient credit policy.9. Hubbell Electronic Wiring Company has an average collection period of 35 days. The accounts receivable balance is $105,000. What is the value of its credit sales? 7-9.Solution:Hubbell Electronic Wiring CompanyAccounts receivable Average collection period Average daily credit sales$105,00035 days credit sales 360$105,000Credit sales/36035 daysCredit sales/360$3,000 credit sales per dayCredit sales $3,==⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭===000360$1,080,000⨯=10.Marv ’s Women ’s Wear has the following schedule for aging of accounts receivable.Age of Receivables, April 30, 2004(1) (2)(3) (4)Month of SalesAge of AccountAmounts Percent of AmountDue April ....................................... 0–30 $ 88,000 ____ March .....................................31–6044,000____February ................................. 61–90 33,000 ____January ................................... 91–120 55,000 ____Total receivables ................. $220,000 100%a. Fill in column (4) for each month.b. If the firm had $960,000 in credit sales over the four-month period, compute the averagecollection period. Average daily sales should be based on a 120-day period.c. If the firm likes to see its bills collected in 30 days, should it be satisfied with the averagecollection period?d. Disregarding your answer to part c and considering the aging schedule for accounts receivable,should the company be satisfied?e. What additional information does the aging schedule bring to the company that the averagecollection period may not show?7-10. Solution:Marv’s Women’s WearAge of Receivables, April 30, 2004a.(1)(2)(3)(4)Month of Sales Age of Account Amounts Percent of AmountDueApril 0-30 $ 88,000 40% March 31-60 44,000 20% February 61-90 33,000 15% January 91-120 55,000 25% Total receivables $220,000 100%b.Accounts receivable Average Collection PeriodAverage daily credit sales$220,000$960,000/120$220,000$8,00027.5 days====c. Yes, the average collection of 27.5 days is less than 30 days.d. No. The aging schedule provides additional insight that 60 percent of the accounts receivableare over 30 days old.e. It goes beyond showing how many days of credit sales accounts receivables represent, toindicate the distribution of accounts receivable between various time frames.11. Nowlin Pipe & Steel has projected sales of 72,000 pipes this year, an ordering cost of $6 per order, and carrying costs of $2.40 per pipe. a . What is the economic ordering quantity?b . How many orders will be placed during the year?c .What will the average inventory be? 7-11.Solution:Nowlin Pipe and Steel Companya.EOQ 600 units=====b. 72,000 units/600 units = 120 ordersc.EOQ/2 = 600/2 = 300 units (average inventory)12.Howe Corporation is trying to improve its inventory control system and has installed an online computer at its retail stores. Howe anticipates sales of 126,000 units per year, an ordering cost of $4 per order, and carrying costs of $1.008 per unit. a . What is the economic ordering quantity?b . How many orders will be placed during the year?c . What will the average inventory be?d .What is the total cost of inventory expected to be? 7-12.Solution:Howe Corp.a.EOQ 1,000 units ===b.126,000 units/1,000 units = 126 orders7-12. (Continued)c. EOQ/2 = 1,000/2 = 500 units (average inventory)d.126 orders × $4 ordering cost = $ 504 500 units × $1.008 carrying cost per unit = 504 Total costs= $1,00813. (See Problem 12 for basic data.) In the second year, Howe Corporation finds it can reduce ordering costs to $1 per order but that carrying costs will stay the same at $1.008 per unit. a . Recompute a, b, c , and d in Problem 12 for the second year. b .Now compare years one and two and explain what happened. 7-13.Solution:Howe Corp. (Continued)a.EOQ 500 units=====126,000 units/500 units = 252 ordersEOQ/2 = 500/2 = 250 units (average inventory) 252 orders × $1 ordering cost = $252 250 units × $1.008 carrying cost per unit = 252 Total costs = $504b.The number of units ordered declines 50%, while the number of orders doubles. The average inventory and total costs both decline by one-half. Notice that the total cost did not decline in equal percentage to the decline in ordering costs. This is because the change in EOQ and other variables (½) is proportional to the square root of the change in ordering costs (¼).14. Higgins Athletic Wear has expected sales of 22,500 units a year, carrying costs of $1.50 per unit, and an ordering cost of $3 per order. a . What is the economic order quantity?b . What will be the average inventory? The total carrying cost?c .Assume an additional 30 units of inventory will be required as safety stock. What will the new average inventory be? What will the new total carrying cost be? 7-14.Solution:Higgins Athletic Weara. EOQ==300 units ===b. EOQ/2 = 300/2 = 150 units (average inventory)150 units × $1.50 carrying cost/unit = $225 total carrying costc.EOQAverage inventory Safety Stock230030150301802=+=+=+=180 inventory × $1.50 carrying cost per year= $270 total carrying cost15. Dimaggio Sports Equipment, Inc., is considering a switch to level production. Cost efficiencies would occur under level production, and aftertax costs would decline by $35,000, but inventory would increase by $400,000. Dimaggio would have to finance the extra inventory at a cost of 10.5 percent.a. Should the company go ahead and switch to level production?b. How low would interest rates need to fall before level production would be feasible?7-15. Solution:Dimaggio Sports Equipment, Inc.a. Inventory increases by $400,000× interest expense 10.5%Increased costs $ 42,000Less: Savings 35,000Loss ($ 7,000)Don’t switch to level production. Increased ROI is less than the interest cost of moreinventory.b. If interest rates fall to 8.75% or less, the switch would be feasible.$35,000 Savings8.75%$400,000 increased inventory=16. Johnson Electronics is considering extending trade credit to some customers previously considered poorrisks. Sales will increase by $100,000 if credit is extended to these new customers. Of the new accounts receivable generated, 10 percent will prove to be uncollectible. Additional collection costs will be 3 percent of sales, and production and selling costs will be 79 percent of sales. The firm is in the 40percent tax bracket.a. Compute the incremental income after taxes.b. What will Johnson’s incremental return on sales be if these new credit customers are accepted?c. If the receivable turnover ratio is 6 to 1, and no other asset buildup is needed to serve the newcustomers, what will Johnson’s incremental return on new average investment be?7-16. Solution:Johnson Electronicsa. Additional sales ............................................................................................ $100,000Accounts uncollectible (10% of new sales) .................................................. – 10,000Annual incremental revenue ......................................................................... $ 90,000Collection costs (3% of new sales) ............................................................... – 3,000Production and selling costs (79% of new sales) .......................................... – 79,000Annual income before taxes ......................................................................... $ 8,000Taxes (40%) .................................................................................................. – 3,200Incremental income after taxes ..................................................................... $ 4,800b.Incremental income Incremental return on salesIncremental sales$4,800/$100,000 4.8%===c. Receivable turnover = Sales/Receivable turnover = 6xReceivables = Sales/Receivable turnover= $100,000/6= $16,666.67Incremental return on new average investment = $4,800/$16,666.67 = 28.80%17. Collins Office Supplies is considering a more liberal credit policy to increase sales, but expects that 9 percent of the new accounts will be uncollectible. Collection costs are 5 percent of new sales, production and selling costs are 78 percent, and accounts receivable turnover is five times. Assume income taxes of 30 percent and an increase in sales of $80,000. No other asset buildup will be required to service the new accounts.a. What is the level of accounts receivable to support this sales expansion?b. What would be Collins’s incremental aftertax return on investment?c. Should Collins liberalize credit if a 15 percent aftertax return on investment is required?Assume Collins also needs to increase its level of inventory to support new sales and that inventory turnover is four times.d. What would be the total incremental investment in accounts receivable and inventory to support a$80,000 increase in sales?e. Given the income determined in part b and the investment determined in part d, should Collinsextend more liberal credit terms?7-17. Solution:Collins Office Suppliesa.$80,000 Investment in accounts receivable$16,0005==b. Added sales .................................................................................................. $ 80,000Accounts uncollectible (9% of new sales) .................................................... – 7,200Annual incremental revenue ......................................................................... $ 72,800Collection costs (5% of new sales) ............................................................... – 4,000Production and selling costs (78% of new sales) – 62,400Annual income before taxes ......................................................................... $ 6,400Taxes (30%) .................................................................................................. – 1,920Incremental income after taxes ..................................................................... $ 4,480Return on incremental investment = $4,480/$16,000 = 28%c. Yes! 28% exceeds the required return of 15%.7-17. (Continued)d.$80,000 Investment in inventory =$20,0004=Total incremental investmentInventory $20,000Accounts receivable 16,000Incremental investment $36,000 $4,480/$36,000 = 12.44% return on investmente. No! 12.44% is less than the required return of 15%.18. Curtis Toy Manufacturing Company is evaluating the extension of credit to a new group of customers.Although these customers will provide $240,000 in additional credit sales, 12 percent are likely to be uncollectible. The company will also incur $21,000 in additional collection expense. Production and marketing costs represent 72 percent of sales. The company is in a 30 percent tax bracket and has a receivables turnover of six times. No other asset buildup will be required to service the new customers.The firm has a 10 percent desired return on investment.a. Should Curtis extend credit to these customers?b. Should credit be extended if 14 percent of the new sales prove uncollectible?c .Should credit be extended if the receivables turnover drops to 1.5 and 12 percent of the accounts are uncollectible (as was the case in part a ). 7-18.Solution:Curtis Toy Manufacturing Companya.Added sales ...................................................................................................... $240,000 Accounts uncollectible (12% of new sales) ...................................................... 28,800 Annual incremental revenue ............................................................................. 211,200 Collection costs ................................................................................................ 21,000 Production and selling costs (72% of new sales) .............................................. 172,800 Annual income before taxes ............................................................................. 17,400 Taxes (30%) ...................................................................................................... 5,220 Incremental income after taxes .........................................................................$ 12,180$240,000Receivable turnover 6.0x6.040,000 in new receivables==$12,180Return on incremental investment 30.45%$40,000==b.Added sales .................................................................................................. $240,000 Accounts uncollectible (14% of new sales) .................................................. – 33,600 Annual incremental revenue ......................................................................... $206,400 Collection costs ............................................................................................ – 21,000 Production and selling costs (72% of new sales) .......................................... –172,800 Annual income before taxes ......................................................................... $ 12,600 Taxes (30%) .................................................................................................. – 3,780 Incremental income after taxes .....................................................................$ 8,820$8,820Return on incremental investment 22.05%$40,000==Yes, extend credit.7-18. (Continued)c.If receivable turnover drops to 1.5x, the investment in accounts receivable would equal $240,000/1.5 = $160,000. The return on incremental investment, assuming a 12% uncollectible rate, is 7.61%.$12,180==Return on incremental investment7.61%$160,000The credit should not be extended. 7.61% is less than the desired 10%.19. Reconsider problem 18. Assume the average collection period is 120 days. All other factors are the same(including 12 percent uncollectibles). Should credit be extended?7-19. Solution:Curtis Toy Manufacturing Company (Continued)First compute the new accounts receivable balance.Accounts receivable = average collection period × average daily sales240,000⨯=⨯=120 days120$667$80,040360 daysorAccounts receivable = sales/accounts receivable turnover360 days==Accounts receivable turnover3x120 days=$240,000/3$80,000Then compute return on incremental investment.$12,18015.23%=$80,000Yes, extend credit. 15.23% is greater than 10%.20. Apollo Data Systems is considering a promotional campaign that will increase annual credit sales by $600,000. The company will require investments in accounts receivable, inventory, and plant and equipment. The turnover for each is as follows:Accounts receivable (5x)Inventory (8x)Plant and equipment (2x)All $600,000 of the sales will be collectible. However, collection costs will be 3 percent of sales, and production and selling costs will be 77 percent of sales. The cost to carry inventory will be 6 percent of inventory. Depreciation expense on plant and equipment will be 7 percent of plant and equipment. The tax rate is 30 percent.a. Compute the investments in accounts receivable, inventory, and plant and equipment based on theturnover ratios. Add the three together.b. Compute the accounts receivable collection costs and production and selling costs and add thetwo figures together.c. Compute the costs of carrying inventory.d. Compute the depreciation expense on new plant and equipment.e. Add together all the costs in parts b, c, and d.f. Subtract the answer from part e from the sales figure of $600,000 to arrive at income before taxes.Subtract taxes at a rate of 30 percent to arrive at income after taxes.g. Divide the aftertax return figure in part f by the total investment figure in part a. If the firm has arequired return on investment of 12 percent, should it undertake the promotional campaigndescribed throughout this problem.7-20. Solution:Apollo Data Systemsa. Accounts receivable = sales/accounts receivable turnover=$120,000$600,000/5Inventory = sales/inventory turnover=$75,000$600,000/8Plant and equipment = sales/(plant and equipment turnover)=$600,000/2$300,000Total investment$495,0007-20. (Continued)b. Collection cost = 3% × $600,000 $ 18,000Production and selling costs = 77% × $600,000 = 462,000Total costs related to accounts receivable $480,000c. Cost of carrying inventory6% × inventory6% × $75,000 $4,500d. Depreciation expense7% × Plant and Equipment7% × $300,000 $21,000e. Total costs related to accounts receivable $480,000Cost of carrying inventory 4,500Depreciation expense 21,000Total costs $505,500f. Sales $600,000– total costs 505,500 Income before taxes 94,500 Taxes (30%) 28,350 Income after taxes $ 66,150g. Income after taxes$66,15013.36%Total investment495,000==Yes, it should undertake the campaignThe aftertax return of 13.36% exceeds the required rate of return of 12%21. In Problem 20, if inventory turnover had only been 4 times:a. What would be the new value for inventory investment?b. What would be the return on investment? You need to recompute the total investment and thetotal costs of the campaign to work toward computing income after taxes. Should the campaign beundertaken?7-21. Solution:Apollo Data Systems (Continued)a. Inventory = sales/inventory turnover$150,000 = $600,000/4b. New Total InvestmentAccounts receivable $120,000Inventory 150,000Plant and equipment 300,000$570,000Total Cost of the CampaignCost of carrying inventory6% × $150,000 = $9,000 ($4,500 more than previously)New Income After TaxesSales $600,000– total costs 510,000 ($505,500 + 4,500)Income before taxes 90,000Taxes (30%) 27,000Income after taxes $ 63,000Income after taxes$63,00011.05%Total investment570,000==No, the campaign should not be undertakenThe aftertax return of 11.05% is less than the required rate of return of 12%(Problems 22–25 are a series and should be taken in order.)22. Maddox Resources has credit sales of $180,000 yearly with credit terms of net 30 days, which is also theaverage collection period. Maddox does not offer a discount for early payment, so its customers take the full 30 days to pay.What is the average receivables balance? What is the receivables turnover?7-22. Solution:Maddox ResourcesSales/360 days = average daily sales$180,000/360 = $500Accounts receivable balance = $500 × 30 days = $15,000Receivable turnover =Sales$180,00012x Receivables$15,000==or360 days/30 = 12x23. If Maddox were to offer a 2 percent discount for payment in 10 days and every customer took advantageof the new terms, what would the new average receivables balance be? Use the full sales of $180,000 for your calculation of receivables.7-23. Solution:Maddox Resources (Continued)$500 × 10 days = $5,000 new receivable balance24. If Maddox reduces its bank loans, which cost 12 percent, by the cash generated from its reducedreceivables, what will be the net gain or loss to the firm?7-24. Solution:Maddox Resources (Continued)Old receivables – new receivables with discount = Funds freed by discount$15,000 – $5,000 .................................................................... = $10,000Savings on loan = 12% × $10,000 ............................................ = $ 1,200Discount on sales = 2% × $180,000 ......................................... = (3,600)Net change in income from discount ........................................ $(2,400) No! Don’t offer the discount since the income from reduced bank loans does not offset the loss onthe discount.25. Assume that the new trade terms of 2/10, net 30 will increase sales by 20 percent because the discountmakes the Maddox price competitive. If Maddox earns 16 percent on sales before discounts, should it offer the discount? (Consider the same variables as you did for problems 22 through 24.)7-25. Solution:Maddox Resources (Continued)New sales = $180,000 × 1.20 = $216,000 Sales per day = $216,000/360 = $600 Average receivables balance = $600 × 10 = $6,000 Savings in interest cost ($15,000 – $6,000) × 12% = 1,080Increase profit on new sales = 16% × $36,000* = $5,760Reduced profit because of discount = 2% × $216,000 = (4,320) Net change in income ................................................................................... $2,520 Yes, offer the discount because total profit increases.*New Sales $36,000 = $216,000 – $180,000COMPREHENSIVE PROBLEMBailey Distributing Company sells small appliances to hardware stores in the southern California area. Michael Bailey, the president of the company, is thinking about changing the credit policies offered by the firm to attract customers away from competitors. The current policy calls for a 1/10, net 30, and the new policy would call for a 3/10, net 50. Currently 40 percent of Bailey customers are taking the discount, and it is anticipated that this number would go up to 50 percent with the new discount policy. It is further anticipated that annual sales would increase from a level of $200,000 to $250,000 as a result of the change in the cash discount policy.The increased sales would also affect the inventory level. The average inventory carried by Bailey is based on a determination of an EOQ. Assume unit sales of small appliances will increase from 20,000 to 25,000 units. The ordering cost for each order is $100 and the carrying cost per unit is $1 (these values will not change with the discount). The average inventory is based on EOQ/2. Each unit in inventory has an average cost of $6.50.Cost of goods sold is equal to 65 percent of net sales; general and administrative expenses are 10 percentof net sales; and interest payments of 12 percent will be necessary only for the increase in the accounts receivable and inventory balances. Taxes will equal 25 percent of before-tax income.a. Compute the accounts receivable balance before and after the change in the cash discount policy.Use the net sales (Total sales – Cash discounts) to determine the average daily sales and theaccounts receivable balances.b. Determine EOQ before and after the change in the cash discount policy. Translate this intoaverage inventory (in units and dollars) before and after the change in the cash discount policy.c. Complete the income statement.Before Policy Change After Policy ChangeNet sales (Sales – Cash discounts)Cost of goods soldGross profitGeneral and administrativeexpenseOperating profitInterest on increase in accountsreceivable and inventory (12%)Income before taxesTaxesIncome after taxesd. Should the new cash discount policy be utilized? Briefly comment.CP 7-1. Solution:Bailey Distributing Companya. Accounts receivable = average collection × averageperiod daily sales Before Policy ChangeAverage collection period.40 × 10 days = 4.60 × 30 days = 1822 daysAverage daily sales。
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筹资方式
一、单项选择题
1.某企业按“2/10，n/50”的条件购进一批商品。
若企业放弃现金折扣，在信用期内付款，则其放弃现金折扣的机会成本为（）。
A．16.18％ B．20％ C．14％ D．18.37％
2.下列关于企业筹资的基本原则的说法，不正确的是（）
A．规模适当 B．筹措的资金充足 C．来源合理 D．方式经济
3.公司增发的普通股的发行价为20元/股，筹资费用为发行价的5％，最近刚发放的股利为每股2元，已知该股票的资金成本为12％，则该股票的股利年增长率为（）。
A．2％ B．1.33％ C．4％ D．5％
4.关于留存收益的成本，下列说法不正确的是（）
A．留存收益是企业资金的一种重要来源
B．它实际上是股东对企业进行追加投资，股东对这部分投资也要求有一定的报酬
C．由于是自有资金，所以没有成本
D．在没有筹资费用的情况下，留存收益的成本计算与普通股是一样的
5.某企业用贴现的方式按年利率12％从银行借入款项1000万元，银行要求企业按贷款额的8％保留补偿性余额，该借款的实际年利率为（）。
A．15％ B．10％ C．12％ D．12.5％
6.在财务管理中，依据财务比率与资金需求量之间的关系预测资金需求量的方法称为（）。
A．定性预测法 B．比率预测法 C．基本分析法 D．资金习性预测法
7.留存收益的来源渠道（）。
A．只有盈余公积 B．只有未分配利润 C．包括盈余公积和未分配利润 D．指的是分配的股利
二、多项选择题
1.某企业拥有流动资产100万元（其中永久性流动资产为30万元），负债和权益资本共计400万元（其中权益资本150万元，长期负债100万元，自发性流动负债60万元），则以下说法正确的有（）。
A．该企业采取的是激进型组合策略 B．该企业采取的是平稳型组合策略
C．该企业的临时性流动负债为90万元D．该企业目前没有处于经营性低谷
2.按有无特定的财产担保，可将债券分为（）。
A．信用债券B．有担保债券C．抵押债券D．无担保债券
3.甲公司用贴现法以10％的年利率从银行贷款1000万元，期限为1年，则以下说法正确的有（）A．甲公司应付利息是90万元 B．甲公司实际可用的资金为900万元
C．甲公司的实际利率要比10％高D．甲公司的应付利息是100万元
4.在短期借款的利息计算和偿还方法中，企业实际负担利率高于名义利率的有（）。
A．收款法 B．贴现法 C．银行要求保留补偿性余额D．利随本清法
5.企业自有资金可以采用的筹资方式有（）
A．商业信用B．发行债券 C．吸收直接投资 D．留存收益
6.在激进型组合策略下，临时性负债可以为（）提供资金。
A．所有临时性流动资产 B．所有永久性资产
C．部分临时性流动资产 D．部分永久性资产
7.融资租赁形式包括（）。
A．售后租回B．直接租赁C．杠杆租赁D．混合租赁
三、判断题
1.同一渠道的资金往往只能采用相同的方式取得，同一筹资方式也只适用于一种筹资渠道。
（）
2.资金成本是企业筹资决策中要考虑的一个重要因素，但并不是惟一的因素。
（）
3.短期借款，由于期限短，因此，相对于长期借款而言，筹资风险小。
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4.用资费用，是指企业在生产经营、投资过程中因使用资金而支付的费用，如股利和利息等，这是资金成本的主要内容。
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5.资金成本的本质是企业在筹资和使用资金时实际付出的代价（）。
答案部分
一、单项选择题
1. D 放弃现金折扣的机会成本＝[2％/（1－2％）]×[360/（50－10）]×100％＝18.37％。
2. B 企业筹资的基本原则是：（一）规模适当（不多不少）；（二）筹措及时（不早不迟）；（三）来源合理（收益、成本比较）；（四）方式经济（降低成本、减少风险）。
3. B 12％＝[2×（1＋g）]/[20×（1－5％）] ×100％＋g，解得：g＝1.33％。
4. C 留存收益是股东对企业进行的追加投资，股东对这部分投资也要求有一定的报酬，企业支付给股东的报酬就是留存收益成本，所以C选项是不正确的。
5. A 实际年利率＝12％/（1－12％－8％）＝15％。
6. B 比率预测法是依据有关财务比率与资金需要量之间的关系，预测资金需要量的方法。
7. C 盈余公积有两种来源渠道，盈余公积和未分配利润。
二、多项选择题
1. ACD 已知流动资产100万元，其中永久性流动资产为30万元，临时性流动资产＝100－30＝70（万元），由于存在临时性流动资产，所以该企业目前没有处于经营性低谷，选项D正确；由于临时性流动负债＝400－150－100－60＝90（万元），选项C正确；由于临时性流动负债90万元大于临时性流动资产70万元，因此是激进型组合策略，选项A正确，选项B不正确。
2. AC （1）按债券是否记名，可将债券分为记名债券和无记名债券；（2）按债券能否转换为公司股票，可将债券分为可转换债券和不可转换债券；（3）按有无特定的财产担保，可将债券分为信用债券和抵押债券。
3. BCD 甲公司应付利息＝1000×10％＝100万元，所以选项A不正确，选项D正确；实际可用的资金＝1000×（1－10％）＝900（万元），所以选项B正确；实际利率＝10％/（1－10％）＝11.11％，所以选项C正确。
4. BC 收款法又叫利随本清法，在收款法下，名义利率等于实际利率；在贴现法下，企业实际利用的资金减少，所以实际利率会高于名义利率；在银行要求保留补偿性余额时，企业实际利用的资金减少，实际利率也会高于名义利率。
5. CD 自有资金是指企业通过吸收直接投资、发行股票、内部积累等方式筹集的资金，故该题答案为CD。
商业信用和发行债券属于负债资金的筹集方式。
6. AD 激进型组合策略的特点是：临时性负债不但满足临时性流动资产的资金需要，还解决部分永久性资产的资金需要。
7. ABC 融资租赁包括售后租回、直接租赁和杠杆租赁三种形式。
三、判断题
1. 错筹资渠道解决的是资金来源问题，筹资方式则解决通过何种方式取得资金的问题，它们之间存在一定的对应关系。
一定的筹资方式可能只适用于某一特定的筹资渠道，但是同一渠道的资金往往可采用不同的方式取得，同一筹资方式又往往适用于不同的筹资渠道。
2. 对资金成本并不是企业筹资决策中所要考虑的惟一因素，企业还要考虑到财务风险、资金期限、偿还方式、限制条件等。
但资金成本作为一项重要的因素，直接关系到企业的经济效益，是筹资决策时需要考虑的一个首要问题。
3. 错筹资风险指的是到期无法还本付息的可能性，短期借款，由于期限短，因此，相对于长期借款而言，筹资风险大。
4. 对资金成本，是指企业为筹集和使用资金而付出的代价，包括用资费用和筹资费用两部分。
用资费用，是指企业在生产经营、投资过程中因使用资金而支付的费用，如股利和利息等，这是资金成本的主要内容。
5. 错资金成本是企业为筹集和使用资金而发生的代价，包括用资费用和筹资费用两部分，其中，用资费用指的是未来要支付的利息和股利等，并不是在筹资时就实际支付的。