Should在虚拟语气中的应用

Should在虚拟语气中的应用

1. 用于if引导的虚拟条件句中

在表示与现在或将来事实相反的非真实条件句中，谓语动词形式可用“should + do”。如：

If she should refuse, they could be greatly disappointed.

【考例】This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. （2009年，天津）

A. would

B. should

C. could

D. might

2. 用于省略if的倒装句中

如果条件状语从句的谓语动词中含有should，可以省略连词if，而把should放在主语前构成倒装。如：

Should he fail in the examination, he would have to wait for another year. 【考例】______ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (2006年，湖北)

A. Would you be

B. Should you be

C. Could you be

D. Might you be

3. 用于主语从句中

在“It is ＋形容词／某些动词的过去分词＋that从句”的结构中，从句的谓语动词用“（should）+ do ”虚拟语气形式来表示命令、要求和建议。这些形容词和过去分词常见的有important（重要的）、essential（必要的）、necessary（必须的）、natural（自然的）、decided（决定的）、ordered（命令的）、demanded （要求的）、proposed（建议的）、required（要求的）等。如：

It is necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.

【考例】It is essential that all these figures ________ twice. (2008年，四川联考)

A. check

B. checked

C. are checked

D. be checked

4. 用于宾语从句中

表示主观判断、推测、建议、命令和要求的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词常采用“（should）+ do”的形式。这类动词包括advise（劝告），ask（要求），insist （坚持），order（下令），suggest（建议），command（命令），demand（要求），require（要求）等。

He insisted that a deadline (should) be set for completing the task.

【考例】The doctor recommended that you ______ swim after eating a large meal.（2009年，浙江）

A. wouldn’t

B. couldn’t

C. needn’t

D. shouldn’t

【疑难辨析】动词insist如不表示要求，而表示“坚持己见”时，宾语从句用陈述

语气。同样，当suggest所表示的意思为“表明”或“暗示”时，谓语动词也不采用“should + do”的形式。如：

Jane insisted that she had done nothing wrong and that she should be treated properly.

The surprised look on his face suggested that he did not believe the fact. 【巧记速记】

常见动词后的宾语从句中需用“(should) + do”虚拟语气有：

一个坚持：insist

两个命令：order, command

三个建议：suggest, advise, propose

四个要求：demand, require, ask, desire

注意：在以it为形式宾语的复合宾语从句中也可以用虚拟语气，其形式为“（should）+ do”。这一句型中使用的形容词（宾补）与主语从句中的虚拟语气所使用的形容词相同。如：

We think it advisable that he (should) think deeply before acting.

5. 用于表语（或同位语）从句中

在表示命令、建议、劝告等含义的名词后面的表语（或同位语）从句中，谓语动词须用“（should）+ do”的形式。这些名词包括advice（忠告），decision（决定），demand（要求），desire（渴望），idea（想法），proposal（提议），recommendation（推荐），requirement（要求），suggestion（建议）等。如：I make a proposal that we(should) hold a meeting next week.

【考例】Their requirement that he ______ one year’s experience is reasonable.（2009年，蚌埠市三质检）

A. had

B. has

C. have

D. would have

6. 用于目的状语从句中

由in case, lest, for fear that引导的目的状语从句，谓语动词用“（should）+ do”结构，表示忧虑或目的。其形式通常为“... lest (in case, for fear that) + 主语+ （should）+ do”。如：

I will not make any noise, lest I should disturb you.

【考例】The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he ______ himself.

（2009，四川联考）

A. injure

B. had injured

C. injured

D. would injure

（安徽吴安运）

should have done 的用法

should have done只用于谈论过去情况，主要有两个用法：

■用于推测过去已经发生的情况。如：

He should have arrived by now. 此时他本该到了。

The letter should have arrived by now. 信现在该到了。

The train should have already left. 火车大概已经开走了吧。

I can’t think why he should have been so angry. 我想不通他怎么会这样生气。

■用于指本该发生而实际上未发生的情况。如：

You should have told me so before. 你早就应该告诉我。

Look at the time! We should have been at the theatre ten minutes ago. 瞧都什么时候了! 十分钟前我们就该到戏院了。

George never should have joined the army. 乔治本来就不该参军的。

You should have told me you were coming. 你该事先告诉我你要来呀。