Attributive Clause修改 2
Attributive Clause 2
I. Words as Attributives.
Nouns: This is a paper flower. I don’t want to be a bus driver He is a history teacher.
Adjectives:
I. It’s a sunny day. He is the tallest boy in the class. II. awake, asleep, alone, alike, alive a boy asleep = a sleeping boy He wants to be an able man.
whose “……的”，既可以指人，也可以指物， 既可以指人，也可以指物， 的 作定语, 作定语 与所修饰限制的名词一起引导定语从 句 Look at the building , whose roof is white . , the roof of which is white. The girl lives in the house , whose windows face south The boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accident . I saw trees whose leaves were smoked black.
that, which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略 指物， 作宾语可省略, 作宾语可省略 如介词提前则不能省) 如介词提前则不能省
关系代词: 关系代词:
These are the trees which/ that were planted last year. This recorder （which / that） he is using is made in Japan. Is this the library (which/ that) you borrow books from? Is this the library from which you borrow books?
定语从句Attributive clause(★★精全★★)
引导定语从句的关系词: 关系代词：who, whom whose, which, that
关系副词：when, where, why
关系代词的作用：
１．连接：引导从句，把它和主句连接起来 ２．替代：在从句中替代在它前面的先行词 ３．成分：在从句中总是充当一个句子成分
who指人, 在从句中作主语,不可省略。
Choose the best answers:
1.This is all____I know about the matter. A.that B.what C.who D.whether 2.The last place _____we visited was the Great Wall. A.which B.that C.where D. it 3. Please take the second chair_______is over there. A. where B. which C. who D. that
which has just been published.
I have read the newspaper. It carries the important news. I have read the newspaper which carries the important news.
I showed him the letter. I received it this morning I showed him the letter (which) I received this morning.
不用that, 只能用which的情况：
特殊情况 先行词是 one, ones, anyone, those, he时 例子 He always help those who are in touble. He who lives a more active life gets more time.
2010双学位语法10AttributiveclauseInvertedS
1. Attribute clause (Ⅱ )
2. Inverted sentences
Ⅰ. Revision 1. Emphasis 2. Attribute clause Ⅱ. New contents 1. Attribute clause (Ⅱ) 2. Inverted sentences 3．Absolute Construction (Time permitting) Ⅲ. Assignment
A. Full inversion
又称主谓倒装（Subject-verb inversion）， 即把整个谓语动词放在主语之前。 这类倒装主要出现于： 1. 地点状语前置; 2. said John, answered Peter等直接引语结构中； 3. 表语提前的情况下; 4.表示地点状语、运动方向和时间的副词或者介词 放在句首且主语为名词时。如：here, there, up, down, out, away, now, then, thus等。
2. 带有“插入语”的定语从句 This is the girl ___ artists said posed as a model for the painting. A. whose B. which C. who D. whom
选C. 此题考的是带“插入语”的定语从句。 所谓带有”插入语“的定从，即指在定从的关系 词后紧跟一个“主谓结构”，但这个“主谓结构” 并非从句的主谓语，而是表达个人观点的插入语。 artists said 为插入语，who在从句中做主语。
分析：定从是修饰nothing的；此句含有双重否定： nothing… that does not… 因此，只有符合自由市场要求的食物才会是好的或 正常的。
attributive clause英文定义
Attributive ClauseIntroductionAn attributive clause, also known as an adjective clause, is a dependent clause that functions as an adjective by modifying a noun or pronoun in the main clause of a sentence. It provides additional information about the noun or pronoun it modifies.Structure of an Attributive ClauseAn attributive clause consists of a relative pronoun or relative adverb followed by a subject and a predicate. The relative pronouns commonly used in attributive clauses are:1.Who/Whom - used for people2.Which - used for things3.That - used for both people and thingsThe relative adverbs commonly used in attributive clauses are:1.Where - used to describe a place2.When - used to describe a timeExamplesHere are some examples of sentences with attributive clauses:1.The boy who is wearing a blue shirt is my friend.2.The car that I just bought is red.3.The book which is on the shelf is mine.4.This is the town where I was born.5.I remember the day when we first met.Functions of Attributive ClausesAttributive clauses serve several functions in a sentence:1. Providing additional informationAttributive clauses provide additional information about the noun or pronoun they modify. They give details, descriptions, or explanations that help in identifying or understanding the noun or pronoun.2. Restricting or limiting the meaningAttributive clauses can restrict or limit the meaning of a noun or pronoun. They specify particular characteristics or qualities that distinguish the noun or pronoun from others.3. Combining sentencesAttributive clauses can also be used to combine two or more sentences into a single, more concise sentence. They allow the writer to provide related information without making the sentence too long or repetitive.Placement of Attributive ClausesAttributive clauses can be placed directly after the noun or pronoun they modify, or they can be placed elsewhere in the sentence for emphasis. The placement of the attributive clause may affect the meaning or tone of the sentence.1. Placement after the noun or pronounWhen the attributive clause is placed immediately after the noun or pronoun, it is called a “peripheral attributive clause.” This is the most common placement for attributive clauses.Example: - The girl who won the competition is my sister.2. Placement before the noun or pronounWhen the attributive clause is placed before the noun or pronoun, it is called a “central attributive clause.” This placement emphasizes the information in the attributive clause.Example: - Who won the competition, the girl is my sister.3. Placement within the sentenceAttributive clauses can also be placed within the sentence for emphasis or stylistic reasons. This placement separates the attributive clause from the noun or pronoun it modifies.Example: - The girl, who won the competition, is my sister.Punctuation of Attributive ClausesThe punctuation used in attributive clauses depends on the placement and structure of the clause. Here are some guidelines for punctuating attributive clauses:1. CommasCommas are used to separate attributive clauses from the rest of the sentence when they are placed after the noun or pronoun.Example: - The book, which was published last year, is a bestseller.2. No commasNo commas are used when the attributive clause is essential to the sentence and restricts or limits the meaning of the noun or pronoun.Example: - The book that I am reading is very interesting.3. Parentheses or dashesIn some cases, parentheses or dashes can be used instead of commas to set off the attributive clause. This is often done to create a stronger separation between the attributive clause and the main clause.Example: - The car (which is parked outside) belongs to my neighbor.ConclusionAttributive clauses play a crucial role in providing additional information, restricting meaning, and combining sentences. Understandingthe structure, functions, placement, and punctuation of attributive clauses can greatly enhance one’s ability to write clear, concise, and grammatically correct sentences.。
Attributive Clause(relative pronoun)
Attributive Clause1）充当主语的关系代词关系代词在限定性定语从句中做主语who用于指人，which用于指物，that既可以指人也可以指物。
An architect is a person who/that designs houses and buildings.The bank which/that was opened last week is a very modern one.关系代词在非限制性定语从句中做主语，只能用who指人，which指物，不能用that。
The island, which is at the mouth of the river, is being developed as a scenic spot.My son, who is a surgeon, is now in Sweden as a visiting scholar.2）充当宾语的关系代词关系代词在限定性定语从句中作谓语动词宾语，who(m)用于指人，which用于指物，that 既可以指人也可以指物，在非正式文体中可以省略关系代词。
The suit (which/that) the t ailor made for me doesn’t fit me.The player (whom/that) I beat in the table tennis game was a seed player.在非限制性定语从句中，who(m)用于指人，which用于指物，不能用that，也不能省略。
The town, which thousands of travelers visit every year, is known for its stone bridge and small rivers.Mr Baker, who(m) the teachers and students respect, has completed forty years of teaching.3）作介词宾语的关系代词在限制和非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作介词宾语，即介词宾语，即介词+关系代词，whom用于指人，which用于指人,不能用that。
The attributive clause2
关系副词引导的定语从句1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词。
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语，其先行词一般是reason 这个词(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) I still remember the days when/ during which I stayed with my grandpa in thecountryside(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.注意：当先行词是时间、地点名词或reason时，也可以用that/which引导定语从句，其关键是先行词（即引导词）在定语从句中的成分，充当状语时，用when, where, why引导，若引导词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，则用that/which引导例如：1. The factory ________ his father works is in the west of the city.2. Do you still remember the chicken farm _________ we visited three months ago?关键是对work, visit是否缺主语或宾语的判断，work “工作” 不及物，因此不缺宾语，the factory 在后面定语从句中作地点状语，故用where。
大学英语基础教程(北大修订版)教案第二册Unit Two
Unit TwoTeaching Objectives:By the end of this unit, the students will be expected to be able to1. talk about some results brought by TV and other useful and interesting communicative methods;2. use about 30 new words and 8 new phrases and expressions in brief conversations and translation;3. review grammar on the attributive clause:1) attributive clause with relative adverbs; 2) attributive clause with as/which;4. read material on a similar topic and with a similar degree of difficulty.Teaching Methods: Lecture, Discussion, Role-playUnit Duration: 8 class hours (45 minutes each)Teaching procedures:I. Preparatory1. Words and Phrases Learned In Display1. ignore syn. neglect; disregard2. argue syn. claim3. view syn. watch4. tolerate syn. permit; bear; suffer5. respond syn. reply; react6. reckon syn. regard; consider7. belong to 为……成员I belong to those who have decided to live without TV.8. switch on 开(电灯、电视、电器等)When my child switches on TV, he doesn't want to do anything else.9. tune in (to) 收听广播；收看电视What program do you usually tune in?10. be determined to do sth. 决心做某事，决定做某事My family was determined to stop watching TV.11. agree to 同意做某事，赞成My father agreed to give me a computer.12. take up 从事于，专注于We decided to take up other interesting activities to spend our holidays.13. be keen on 对某人或某事非常喜爱，热衷于做某事The old man was keen on playing with his grandson.2. Key to Expressions Learned in Display1. was determined to2. switched on3. agreed to4. belonged to5. keen on6.tunes in (to)7. take upII. Language in Context1. Preview Questionsi. Do you like watching TV? And what kind of TV programs do you usually watch? ii. If one day you don't watch TV any more, what else can you do?iii. What is your attitude towards TV?2. Information Related To the Texti. TelevisionTelevision is a telecommunication system for broadcasting and receiving moving pictures and sound over a distance. The term has come to refer to all the aspects of television programming and transmission as well. The word television is a hybrid word, coming from both Greek and Latin. “Tele-” is Greek for “far,” while “-vision” is from the Latin “visio,” meaning “vision” or “sight.” It is often abbreviated as TV.The earliest television sets were radios with the addition of a television device consisting of a neon tube with a mechanically spinning disk (the Nipkow disk, invented by Paul Gottlieb Nipkow) that produced a red postage-stamp size image. The first publicly broadcast electronic service was in Germany in March 1935. It had 180 lines of resolution and was only available in 22 public viewing rooms. One of the first major broadcasts involved the 1936 Berlin Olympics. The Germans had a 441-line system in the autumn of 1937.Television usage skyrocketed after World War II with war-related technological advances and additional disposable income. Prior to the war, in the 1930s, TV receivers cost the equivalent of US$7000 in 2001, and had little available programming.For many years different countries used different technical standards. France initially adopted the German 441-line standard but later upgraded to 819 lines, which gave the highest picture definition of any analogue TV system, approximately four times the resolution of the British 405-line system. Eventually the whole of Europe switched to the 625-line standard, once more following Germany’s example. Meanwhile in North America the original 525-line standard was retained.A television with a VHF “rabbit ears” antenna and a loop UHF antenna. Television in its original and still most popular form involves sending images and sound over radio waves in the VHF and UHF bands, which are received by a receiver (a television set). In this sense, it is an extension of radio. Broadcast television requires an antenna (aerial). This can be an external antenna mounted outside or smaller antennas mounted on or near the television. Typically this is an adjustable dipole antenna called “rabbit ears” for the VHF band and a small loop antenna for the UHF band.Color television became available in the U.S. on December 30 of 1953, backed by the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) network. The government approved the color broadcast system proposed by CBS, but when RCA came up with a subcarrier system that made it possible to view color broadcasts in black and white onunmodified old black and white TV sets, CBS dropped their own proposal and used the new one (see NTSC).The first publicly announced experimental TV broadcast of a program using RCA’s “compatible color” system wa s an episode of Kukla, Fran and Ollie on August 30, 1953. NBC was the first network to have a regularly scheduled color program on the air (Bonanza, started in 1959).Television was not invented by a single inventor, instead many people working together and alone, contributed to the evolution of TV.ii. Television JunkiesJunkie is someone who is so ardently devoted to something that it resembles an addiction; “a golf addict;” “a car nut;” “a news junkie.” Television junkies refer to the people who are addicted to watching television without doing anything else. According to scientific research, the conditions of TV viewing cause a physiological high, much in the same way as all those other less socially acceptable forms of drug use.iii. CartoonA cartoon is a form of art with diverse origins and even more diverse modern meanings. In its historical original meaning, a cartoon is a full-size drawing made on paper as a study for a further artwork, such as a painting. However, cartoons were typically used in the production of frescoes in order to accurately link the component parts of the composition when painted onto newly applied fresh plaster over a series of days. Cartoons by painters such as Raphael and Leonardo da Vinci are highly prized in their own right.Nowadays a cartoon is a humorous drawing of some description. This usage dates from the 1840s when Punch magazine applied the terms to satirical drawings in its pages. The first of these parodied frescoes in the then-new Palace of Westminster. The original title for such drawings in Punch was Mr Punch’s Pencillings and the title “cartoon” was intended to be ironic—these were still essentially line-art drawings in pencil and/or ink.Over time, more cartoons in Punch made other satirical points and, eventually, came merely to be humorous drawings, usually (although not always) with a punchline caption at the bottom. Many early examples of these are reproduced on the Punch website and are impenetrably obscure by today’s standards.The modern understanding of “cartoon” falls into two further categories—comic strips and animated cartoons.Comic strips are found daily in newspapers worldwide and are frequently compiled into books. Animated cartoons are usually shown on television or cinema screens and are created by drawing thousands of individual drawings which are shown rapidly in succession to give the impression of movement.3. Language Points1. I belong to one of the two per cent of British families who have decided to live without a television set.belong to1) be a member of 为……成员Which party do you belong to?你属于哪一个党派？I belong to the music club on our campus.我是校园音乐俱乐部的成员。
The Attributive clause 2
2. 关系代词的使用取决于先行词， 关系代词的使用取决于先行词， 在定语从句中代替主句中的先行 词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在 先行词之后，而且它的人称、 先行词之后，而且它的人称、数 必须和先行词一致 The woman is my mother. She is speaking at the meeting. The woman that/who is speaking at the meeting is my mother.
1. The young man is a famous writer. You saw the young man yesterday. The young man whom/who/that you saw yesterday is a famous writer. 2. This is the house. Lu Xun once lived in the house. This is the house which/that Lu Xun once lived in.
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词, 连接定语从 先行词 句和先行词的连词叫关系代词或关系副词.关 句和先行词的连词叫关系代词或关系副词 关 关系代词 系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语 作主语或宾语. 系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语
定语从句 Attributive Clause
7). 如果动词和介词是不可分割的固定搭配， 介词就不能提到关系代词之前 eg. She has a little daughter, who is looked after by her grandma. 类似的还有：look for，care about，give in…
关系副词
1. 关系副词一般可以改为“介词+which” 2.如何判断用关系代词还是关系副词？ 1).看关系词在从句中充当什么成分，当 状语就用关系副词；当主语、宾语或定 语，就用关系代词。
定语从句 Attributive Clause
定义：修饰一个名词或代词的从句，一般紧 跟在所修饰词后面。 先行词：被从句所修饰的名词或代词 关系词（引导词）： 引导定语从句的词 分类：限制性定语从句（无逗号） 非限制性定语从句（有逗号） 步骤（三步走）：1. 找出先行词 2. 看先行词在定语从句中 的语法功能(即:作主语/宾语/定语/状语) 3. 选择合适的关系词
关系代词
3). as和which引导非限制性定语从句，指代 一句话或一件事情。与which的区别： as：可放在句首也可放在句末； 作主语时谓语动词一般是系动词。 which：只能放在句末； 作主语时谓语动词可以是系动词 也可以是行为动词。 eg. He was honest, as / which we can see. 4). 主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常 用which。 eg. Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.
9). 主句是there be结构，修饰其主语的 定语从句用that引导 eg. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free. 10). 关系代词本身是表语时，用that引导 eg. That’s a good book that will help you a lot.
Attributive clause 2
定语从句的特殊用法
• 6. 当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句 中引导词用that ,不用which 或 who 。以避 免重复。例如： • Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat ? • Which is the car that ran over a dog yesterday?
Fill the blanks using relative pronouns
• 4. The Yangtze River, which is more than 6000 kilometres long, is the third longest river in the world. • 5. The Three Gorges Dam, which will generate a large amount of energy, is the biggest construction project in China. • 6. Mao Zedong, who is a great leader of China, wrote a poem about a dam across the Yangtze River.
Grammar
Non-defining attributive clauses 非限制性定语从句
• 定语从句（限定/制性定语从句和非
限定/制性定语从句）
• 限定/制性定语从句 • 先行词和关系词之间无逗号隔开，从 句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉后 句子不完整。 • 非限定/制性定语从句 • 先行词和关系词之间有逗号隔开，从 句是对先行词的补充，去掉后句子仍 然完整。不能用关系代词that。
关系代词只用that不用which的情况
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Revision ： The use of of relative words Revision ： The use relative words
5. The book ______________ whose cover is blue （封面是蓝色的）is mine. (cover) whose mother was a music teacher（他妈 6. Steven Spielberg, ________________________ 妈是位音乐老师）, was born in 1946 in a small town in whose America. (whose) As we know (我们都知道), the 2008 Olympic Games 7. __________ was held in Beijing. (as) as or which 8. Bison waste no longer fell on the ground to improve the soil, which became no good for(这对…没有好处) growing __________________ plants. (become)
The boy is looking after his brother.
The baby _____________________ (that/who/whom) ___________is his younger the boy is looking after brother.
where/on which they were standing
trousers are red The baby whose _______________ is Jack.
Practice : Talk about the pictures
pig/ badly hurt
I don’t know the reasonwhy/ _____________ for which __________________. the pig was badly Ihurt can’t accept the reason____________ which/that/-you explained to me.
which/tha t
Picture 2 Picture 1
Picture 3
Picture 4
Picture 5
Picture 6
Picture 7
Picture 8
Practice : Talk about the pictures
Jack
is wearing red trousers The baby who ____________________ is Jack.
T h e b where i r the d 2008 ’ Olympics s n was e held s t _________________________________ is made of steel. The 2008 Olympics was held in the bird ’ s nest,______________________. which is made of steel August 8, 2008 was the day when ______________________ the 2008 Olympics _________. was held
sentences
1. 我知道他上课迟到的原因。 I know the reason why/for which he was late for class.
2. 你认识那个老太太吗？她儿子去年上大学。 Do you know the old lady, whose son went to college last year? 3. 红颜色的那个房子是约翰的。 The house whose color is red is john’s.
55.
He is a person who flies an airplane.
Each sentence contains an Attributive ______________. Clause
Revision：The use of relative words
1. The history of the South is the suffering of the Native were driven off （他们被驱逐出） Americans who/that __________________ their land by European settlers. (drive) 2. A trip to Rio will give you a glimpse of the lifestyle of Rio who, whom or that are known for ( 他们因 … 而出名 ) their big people, who _____________ hearts and friendliness. (known) 3. The ground supported fewer which or that plants, and the insects which/that lived on these plants ________________________ ( 靠这些植物生活的 ) died out. (live) seems so simple and common (看似如此简单 Water, which _________________________ 平凡), is what makes life possible. (seem)
Revision The use ofwords relative words Revision ：： The useuse of： relative words Revision The of relative
when/in which many things are We are living in an age ___________ done on computer. when/in which 10. Anyway, that evening, which _____ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel ’ s place. which/that where/in which 11. He ’ s got himself into a dangerous situation ___________ he is likely to lose control over the plane. which (which/that) we 12. Do you still where/in remember the chicken farm __________ visited three months ago? which/tha t 9.
4. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
This is the best film (that) I’ve ever seen. 5. 那是1987年他工作过的小镇。 That’s the town where/in which he worked 6. 1987. 我有两个兄弟，他们都是士兵。 in
7. 我仍然记得我上学的那一天。 I have two brothers, both of whom are soldiers. I still remember the day when/on which I went to school.
Debating contest
Write three to five sentences about the contest trying to use attributive clauses.
Help: professional (专才) all-rounder (全才) social competition
Revision The use ofwords relative words Revision ：： The useuse of： relative words Revision The of relative
why/for which 13. I don’t know the reason ___________he didn’t attend the meeting yesterday. why/for which 14. Is this the reason (which/that) __________he explained at the meeting for his which/tha carelessness in his work? t (in which/that/---) you speak to her. 15. I don’t like the way ______________ 16. The way (which/that) _________ he explained to us was quite simple. in which/that/--
定语从句
1 1.It’s
something that the dead eat and that if we ate we would die.
nothing the letter “e”
2 2.It’s
L ead-in: Guess the following riddles 3.It’s a kind of dog which doesn't bite or 3
Writing
Thank you!
No picture! Good Luck!
No picture! Good Luck!