19 YEARS' FINANCE OF THE HOUSEHOLD OF GEME-LAMMA
介绍自己和家人的年龄工作生日,英语作文
介绍自己和家人的年龄工作生日,英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1My Family: A Diverse Tapestry of Ages, Professions, and BirthdaysAs a student, one of the most frequently asked questions is "Tell me about your family." While it may seem like a simple request, capturing the essence of my family's diverse tapestry of ages, professions, and birthdays is a task that requires a delicate balance of honesty, humor, and heart.Let me start by introducing the matriarch of our clan, my mother. Born on the 15th of June, she has been a beacon of strength and resilience for as long as I can remember. At the age of 52, she has dedicated her life to the noble profession of teaching, shaping young minds and inspiring them to reach for the stars. Her unwavering commitment to education is matched only by her endless patience and her ability to find joy in the simplest of moments.My father, on the other hand, is a man of few words but boundless wisdom. Celebrating his 55th birthday on the 22nd ofNovember, he has spent the better part of his life working tirelessly as an engineer, designing and constructing the very foundations upon which our modern world stands. His analytical mind and practical approach to life have taught me valuable lessons about perseverance and the importance of hard work.Now, let's turn our attention to my siblings, for they are the ones who have truly shaped my childhood and continue to be an integral part of my life. My older brother, whose birthday falls on the 8th of April, is 28 years old and has recently embarked on a career in finance. His sharp intellect and competitive spirit have always been a source of inspiration for me, pushing me to strive for excellence in all my endeavors.My younger sister, on the other hand, is a free spirit at heart. At the tender age of 20, she celebrates her birthday on the 3rd of October, and her infectious energy and boundless creativity never fail to brighten even the darkest of days. She has chosen to pursue her passion for art, and her vibrant paintings adorn the walls of our home, serving as a constant reminder of the beauty that lies within each of us.But our family would not be complete without mentioning my grandparents, the pillars upon which our legacy stands. My grandfather, a spry 78-year-old whose birthday falls on the 29thof February (a true leap year baby!), has regaled us with countless tales of his adventures as a young man, instilling in us a sense of wanderlust and a thirst for knowledge.And then there's my grandmother, the undisputed queen of our household. At 75 years young, her birthday on the 12th of August is a celebration not only of her life but also of the unconditional love and unwavering support she has bestowed upon each and every one of us. Her warm embrace and homemade delicacies have been the balm that has soothed our souls during the most trying of times.As I reflect on the rich tapestry that is my family, I am struck by the sheer diversity of ages, professions, and birthdays that coexist within our ranks. From the wisdom of the elders to the boundless energy of the youth, each member brings their unique perspective and experiences to the table, weaving together a narrative that is at once familiar and extraordinary.It is this tapestry that has taught me the true meaning of love, acceptance, and unity. In a world that often seems divided by cultural, generational, and ideological differences, my family stands as a shining example of how embracing our diversity can lead to a deeper understanding and appreciation of one another.So, when asked to tell the story of my family, I do not merely recite a list of names, ages, and professions. Instead, I paint a vivid portrait of a group of individuals who, despite their differences, have found strength in their unity, joy in their shared experiences, and an unwavering commitment to supporting one another through life's many twists and turns.For it is within the folds of this tapestry that I have discovered my own identity, shaped by the wisdom of those who came before me and inspired by the boundless potential of those who will follow. And as I embark on my own journey, I carry with me the lessons and values instilled by my family, a constant reminder that no matter how far I may roam, my true home will always be where their love resides.篇2My Family and IHi there! My name is Emily Johnson and I'm a 16-year-old high school student. I'd love to tell you a bit about my family. We're not a huge family, but we're a tightknit group who spends a lot of time together.I'll start with my mom, Jane. She just turned 48 last month on March 15th. For work, she's an accountant at a big financial firmdowntown. Crunching numbers is totally her thing - she's amazing with mathematics. She's also a great cook and makes the best homemade pasta sauce you've ever tasted. My mom loves reading mystery novels and is always trying to solve the case before she gets to the end of the book.Then there's my dad, Michael. His birthday is coming up on June 22nd when he'll be 52 years old. He works as a software engineer for a tech company. I don't really understand coding and all that computer stuff, but he seems to be great at it. Dad's a huge sports fan, especially baseball. We go to see the home team play whenever we can. He's coached my softball team for years too. I like having him as the coach since he's tough but fair.I'm an only child, so it's just the three of us at home, plus our dog Buddy. He's an 8-year-old golden retriever and the cutest, fluffiest pup around. We're not sure of his exact birthday since he's a rescue, but we celebrate it on August 1st every year. Buddy loves to play fetch and go for long walks with us. Having him around makes our house feel so warm and cozy.Even though it's a small family, we have a ton of relatives, mostly on my mom's side. My mom is one of four siblings - she has two older brothers and a younger sister.Uncle James is the oldest at 55. His birthday is January 7th. He's been married to Aunt Kelly for 25 years and they have three kids - my cousins Jake (21), Emma (19), and Liam (16). Jake and Emma are away at college, but Liam is still in high school like me. Uncle James works as an engineer and designs roads and bridges. It's a cool job, but I could never do that much math!Next is Uncle Brian who is 53 and was born on November3rd. He's a lawyer and has his own private practice. Uncle Brian never got married or had kids. He's kind of a workaholic, but also finds time to play a ton of golf which is his big hobby. He's taken me out on the course to teach me how to play a few times.Then comes my Aunt Stacy, the youngest sibling at 45 years old. Her birthday is May 27th. She used to be an elementary school teacher but now she's a full-time mom to her three daughters - Sophia (10), Olivia (8), and Ava (6). Those three little cousins of mine have so much energy! Aunt Stacy's husband Uncle Mitch works long hours as an investment banker, so she stays home to take care of the girls. I really admire how patient and organized my aunt is with three kids to juggle.On my dad's side, my only relatives are my grandparents. Grandpa Bill is 76 and was born on December 12th. Grandma Nancy is 73 with a birthday of September 18th. They're bothretired now after Grandpa wrapped up his career as an electrician and Grandma worked as a nurse. We have big family birthday parties for them every year since their birthdays are toward the end of the year. I love hearing all the funny stories they tell about their younger days.So that's my family in a nutshell! We may not be a huge crowd, but we share a lot of love, laughs, and special celebrations together. I feel so fortunate to be surrounded by such caring, supportive people. Even though we all have our quirks, at the end of the day, family is what matters most. I know I can count on mine to always have my back.篇3My Family and IHi there! My name is Emma and I'm 16 years old. I'm a junior in high school, and I love writing, reading, and hanging out with my friends and family. I have a pretty big family, so let me introduce you to all of them!First up is my mom, Samantha. She's 42 years old and works as a nurse at the local hospital. Her birthday is on March 15th. Mom is the most caring and compassionate person I know. She's always there for me when I need her, whether it's for a shoulderto cry on or just someone to listen. I really admire her dedication to her job too – she works crazy long hours sometimes but never complains. She just has such a big heart.Then there's my dad, Michael. He's 44 and his birthday is April 22nd. Dad is a high school teacher and coaches the baseball team. I think that's really cool because he gets to combine his passion for teaching with his love of sports. He's also just a really funny guy in general. We're always cracking jokes together and he knows how to make me laugh when I'm feeling down. I got my goofy sense of humor from him for sure.My older brother Steven is 19 and away at college studying computer science. His birthday is November 3rd. Even though he's a typical annoying older brother sometimes, I really look up to him. He's crazy smart and motivated, and I admire how hard he works towards his goals. I miss him a lot when he's away at school but we FaceTime all the time to catch up.My younger sister Lily just turned 12 on January 28th. She's in 6th grade and is your typical tween – obsessed with YouTubers, boy bands, and looking cool in front of her friends. But she's also the sweetest little thing. We bicker like any siblings do, but I'll always have a soft spot for her. She makes me laugh with hersassy comments and I love doing fun big sister/little sister stuff with her.On my mom's side of the family, I have my grandparents John and Karen. Grandpa John is 68 and his birthday is June 19th. He's a retired police officer but now works part-time at a hardware store because he gets bored sitting around all day. Grandma Karen is 65 and she was born on November 27th. She's a homemaker and spends her days reading, gardening, and watching her soap operas. They're both super active for their age and we love having family BBQs and pool parties at their place in the summer.I also have two aunts on my mom's side – Jennifer and Melissa. Aunt Jen is 39 (birthday February 8th) and she's a successful lawyer at a big firm downtown. She's pretty intense and no-nonsense, but she has a caring side too. She dotes on all of us kids. Aunt Melissa is the youngest at 35 (born August 31st) and she's an artist. She's pretty much the definition of the quirky, absentminded creative type but we love her for it. She's so fun and always bringing us random handmade gifts from her latest project.On my dad's side, his parents (my grandparents) are Bob and Diane. Grandpa Bob is 70 and his birthday is May 5th. He's aretired accountant and classic grandpa – always telling bad jokes and falling asleep in his chair. But he's also wise and full of great life advice when you need it. Grandma Diane was born on September 22nd and is 67. She worked as a kindergarten teacher when we were younger and has endless patience. Now that she's retired, she spends her time volunteering, knitting, and baking the most amazing desserts for us.My only aunt on my dad's side is Stacy. She's 41 (birthday October 15th) and never had any kids of her own, so she's like a second mom to me and my siblings. She's a successful businesswoman but even with her busy career, she always makes time for us kids. She takes us shopping, to movies, or out for fancy dinners every month or so to stay involved in our lives.Last but not least, my uncle Edward is my dad's younger brother. He's 38 years old and his birthday is on December 12th. Uncle Ed is definitely the wild child of the family! He's divorced with no kids and is basically a permanent bachelor. He's a radio DJ and has kind of an unpredictable, eccentric personality. But he's the fun, cool uncle who always takes us to do awesome things like concerts, amusement parks, or sporting events.So that's my crazy family in a nutshell! I know I'm blessed to have so many loving people in my life. With all their differentpersonalities and backgrounds, my family members help shape who I am. They drive me nuts sometimes, but I certainly wouldn't have it any other way. I'll always cherish the special bonds I have with each and every one of them.。
商务英语阅读知到章节答案智慧树2023年浙江水利水电学院
商务英语阅读知到章节测试答案智慧树2023年最新浙江水利水电学院绪论单元测试1.There are nine chapters in this online course.参考答案:对第一章测试1.When you are reading a train timetable, you apply the skimming strategy. （）参考答案:错2.You would expect to read a difficult economics textbook ______. （）参考答案:more slowly than you read a newspaper3.To improve your reading comprehension, you need to become a(n) ____reader （）.参考答案:active4.Reading one word at a time is bad because ______. （）参考答案:it is more difficult to get the general idea of a passage5.The following is a newspaper content page. Which page would most likelygive you the names and telephone of people who have used cars for sales? （）参考答案:5-C第二章测试1.Guess the meaning of the underlined word in the following sentence:Today was a day of turmoil at work. The phones were constantly ringing,people were running back and forth, and several offices were being painted.（）参考答案:confusion2.Which of following negat ive prefix can be added to “treat” and make anantonym? （）参考答案:mal-3.Choose a business English term and complete the following sentence:Organizations which aim at high market _________ generally have long product lines. （）参考答案:share4.Judge whether the following sentence is true or false according to wordanalysis.If they are co-producers, they produce something together.参考答案:对5.In the following sentence, the synonym of the underlined word is soothe.Although the salesperson tried to assuage the angry customer, there was no way to soothe her.参考答案:对第三章测试1.Jane Halton, currently Finance Director at Curtis Bank, is replacing JohnMurphy as Chief Executive at Boulder Insurance. （）Which of the following best expresses the essential information of thesentence? （）参考答案:Jane Halton is moving from banking to insurance.2.All price shown are inclusive of any promotional offer and tax at the currentrate.Which of the following best expresses the essential information of thesentence? （）参考答案:The price on the item is the final selling price.3.Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit cardaccounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugelyimportant decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission(FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.According to the sentence, which of the following is not correct about thedecision? （）参考答案:It is disclosed on June 17th.4.Staying with a host family that gives participants even more time to practiseEnglish.Which word in the sentence is redundant? （）参考答案:That.5.Applicants must have qualified a research degree in Food Technology plus atleast four years’ industrial experience.Which word in the sentence is redundant? （）参考答案:Qualified.第四章测试1.Which of the following phrase is the most general one? （）参考答案:Running a country’s economy.2.Choose a supporting detail for the following topic sentence.Very few people in a new job could carry out their duties perfectly from thestart. （）参考答案:Employers understand that there is a learning curve in every position.3.Read the following paragraph and answer the question.Stereotyping consists of assigning traits to people solely on the basis of acategory. Some researchers suggest that stereotyping has four clear phases.First, a person distinguishes some category of people, for example,economists. Second， the person notes that one or more of the people in this category have certain traits, for example, dullness. Third, the persongeneralizes that everyone in this category has these characteristics, forexample, that all economists are dull. Finally, when meeting someone theperson is not acquainted with but knows to be, for example, an economist,the person stereotypes this individual as dull.Economists are used in the paragraph as______. （）参考答案:a minor detail4.Choose the sentence that best expresses the implied main idea of thefollowing paragraph.In the past it often took years to force a car company to make even small,inexpensive changes. In the 1960s, consumer advocate Ralph Nader had tofight for several years before Chevrolet stopped making the unsafe Corvair.But in recent years, customer complaints and publicity have led to quickcorrective actions. For example, the Consumers Union recently reported that all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) were unsafe when driven by untrained operators.Within eighteen months, ATV makers stopped making unstable three-wheeled models and set up an extensive customer training program. Morerecently, Consumer Reports magazine revealed safety problems in the FordBronco II. In response, Ford immediately announced a complete redesign and plans to market the re-engineered vehicle under a new name. （）参考答案:Because of customer complaints and publicity, car manufacturers arecorrecting car problems more quickly than they once did.5.Advertising affects our lives every day. Brand names are common householdwords. We start each day using the toothpaste, soap, and breakfast foodspromoted by advertisers. Ads have made the cars we drive signs of oursuccess. Our choices of food, dress, and entertainment are swayed by ads. Not one aspect of American life is untouched by advertising.The main idea of the paragraph is stated at the beginning of the paragraphand then restated at the end. （）参考答案:对第五章测试1.Which of the following is an example of a cause-and-effect structure? （）参考答案:Team X is quite bad; they lost last night by 40 points.2.In what way is this text mainly structured?Linux and Windows are both operating systems. Computers use them to run programs. Linux is totally free and open source, so users can improve orotherwise modify the source code. Windows is proprietary, so it costs money to use and users are prohibited from altering the source code. （）参考答案:Comparison and contrast.3.An economics textbook is best described as what type of writing? （）参考答案:Expository.4.An article begins with some background information leading to an issue, thenlists arguments for and against it, giving evidence for different points of view, and at last ends in a conclusion that sums up both sides or recommend one point of view. What’s the text type of the article? （）参考答案:Argumentative.5.The following are examples of expository text: ______. （）参考答案:USA Today, The Recipe of Cooking, British History Textbook1.Which of the following expression is an example of purpose in an essay? （）参考答案:To inform.2.Which of the following is a possible tone? （）参考答案:All of these.3.Which of the following statements shows a formal tone? （）参考答案:null4.The Social Security Act was passed during the Great Depression. Thisstatement is a fact. （）参考答案:对5.The Russia-Ukraine conflict has made the price of gas grow to become tooexpensive. This statement is a fact. （）参考答案:错1.What should you look for in a consumption habit study to make an accurateinference? （）参考答案:All of these.2.Not only are the beach hotels overpriced…What will the remainder of the sentence be about? （）参考答案:Something negative about the hotels.3.Strong reasons ____. （）参考答案:all of these4.Which part of an argument gives proof that your main point is correct? （）参考答案:Reason.5.Which of the following is an example of a logical fallacy? （）参考答案:If you have information missing from your argument, then myargument is right.1.What's the price/unit of blueberries? （）参考答案:$1.40.2.Which axis is the horizontal axis? （）参考答案:X axis.3.Which of the following should a business use when it wants to compareseveral products with each other? （）参考答案:Column chart.4.Which pet is more popular in Australia than in the US? （）参考答案:Fish.5.What is a work-flow chart? （）参考答案:A diagram showing a high-level business process.第九章测试1.Mark is a manager who needs to communicate a new policy to his teammembers. Which of the following form of communication should Mark use for this purpose? （）参考答案:Memo.2.Which section of the executive summary shows the important discoveriesmade during the research process? （）参考答案:Key findings.3.Which part of a business report sums up the main points of the report? （）参考答案:Executive summary.4.What kind of data might a business person want to look at if he wasgathering data for a new hotel? （）参考答案:All of these.5.The news headline “Mayor to Open Shopping Mall” applies the typicalgrammatical rule of infinitive to indicate future. （）参考答案:对。
外研社2024现代大学英语(第三版)口语1教师用书Oral_English_I_Unit_10
Unit10Handling Personal FinancesTheme:personal financesLanguage functions:Agreeing and disagreeingObjectives:Students shall be able to talk about money-related issues and build skills in managing personal finances.In addition,students should be able to express agreement or disagreement when they discuss and debate how to earn,save,and spend money wisely.Warm-upProcedures:1.Give students one minute to identify the messages contained in the cartoon.Students may have their interpretations,but generally:1)college tuition is quite high;2)the mother is encouraging her daughter to make good use of the pocket money.2.Then,organize a free discussion on the two questions below the cartoon.3.Invite a few students to share their answers about how they pay for college and what they use their allowance for.Activity11.ConversationIn the dialogue,the two students are exchanging their ideas on how to manage personal finance.Their discussion highlights issues many students face—balancing expenses with limited budgets.Lead the students through the dialogue for language points,expressions on agreements and disagreements,and expressions on giving/taking/rejecting advice.Then ask students to have a look at the functional expressions in the Language Bank.Language points:●Agreement:That’s the point./That’s exactly my problem.●Partial agreement:Life at college should indeed be colorful,but we have to draw a linebetween what we need and what we want.●Disagreement:Come on…●Asking for advice:What’s your secret?/Tell me how./What shall I do?●Giving advice:I wouldn’t do that if I were you.●Rejecting advice:That never works for me!2.Discussion●Focus:This task is designed to have students reflect on their financial situations andspending habits.Through the discussion,students can gain greater self-awareness of sensible consumption and learn practical strategies from their peers.●Procedures:1.Divide students into small groups of four.Ask them to take turns to share in groups if they can live within their monthly budget and what actions they take when short on money.2.Then discuss in groups what they believe are healthy financial habits for students.Each member should contribute1-2ideas.3.Bring the class back together.Invite a few representatives to summarize their discussions.4.On the board,make a list of healthy financial habits for students based on their discussion. End up by encouraging students to cultivate healthy financial habits.Additional Resources for Teachers:Here are some suggested healthy financial habits for college students:-Make a budget and track spending:Know where your money is going each month and plan based on income and expenses.-Prioritize needs over wants:Spend money on necessities like food,housing,transportation first before entertainment,shopping,etc.-Save a portion of income:Put aside a percentage of any money you receive into savings. Having an emergency fund is important.-Limit eating out:Eating at the university cafeteria is much cheaper than dining out frequently.-Find free or low-cost entertainment:Take advantage of free events,student discounts,and splitting costs with friends.-Look for freebies and deals:Get free samples,use coupons and loyalty programs.-Establish a fun money allowance:Budget a set amount each week for non-essential spending.-Pay with cash:Studies show people spend less with cash.-Avoid impulse purchases:Give yourself time to think through a purchase.-Earn extra income:Get a part-time job or freelance work to supplement your budget.-Live within your means:Don’t try to keep up with others’spending.Focus on needs.3.Pair work●Focus:This task is designed to have students analyze proverbs related to personalfinances in pairs.This exchange allows students to articulate their financial philosophies while being open-minded to other stances.●Procedures:1.Ask students to review the list of money-related proverbs and select the one they most strongly connect with or find insightful.Students can also discuss one that is not on the provided list.2.Divide students into pairs.Explain to students that they will take turns to share their selected proverb and interpretation with their partner.They may agree or disagree with each other,but they should try to use the expressions that have been introduced.3.Then the teacher may ask some volunteers to share their understanding of a particular proverb with the whole class and see if others would agree or disagree with them.●Suggested Answers:Here are some suggested answers:No one is poor unless he thinks himself so.The proverb tries to persuade people never to be beaten by troubles or difficulties in life or lose hope and confidence in winning their fortune.As long as we believe in ourselves and work hard,we can one day realize our dreams and achieve what we want.Be penny-wise and pound-foolish.Don’t focus so much on saving pennies and nickels that you miss out on bigger opportunities. Being overly frugal about small expenses is counterproductive if you waste money in more significant ways.A fool can earn money,but it takes a wise man to save and dispose of it to his advantage. Financial wisdom involves more than just earning money.Knowing how to budget,save,and use money wisely is more beneficial in the long term.Invest for the future.Neither a borrower nor a lender be.Avoid both relying heavily on borrowed money and lending money to others.Too much debt burdens the borrower.Lending money can also strain relationships sometimes.4.Group work●Focus:This task provides an opportunity for students to research the financial situationsof their peers.●Procedures:1.Divide students into groups of four.Explain to students that each group will survey student expenditures.2.Ask students to review the survey template provided.They can add or modify questions as desired.3.Give students sufficient time to conduct the survey and gather results.Suggest a minimum sample size.4.In groups,students calculate and analyze the survey results.5.Each group should prepare a summary of key findings from their survey and the implications for money management.6.Each group will present their survey methodology,results,analysis,and recommendations to the class.7.After presentations,lead a class discussion reflecting on spending habits and budgeting needs revealed from survey outcomes.8.Optional:Have students write an individual reflection on how they might adjust their own finances and spending based on the survey findings.Activity21.ConversationThis dialogue depicts a married couple,Nick and Janet,arguing over their household finances and inability to budget effectively.They are frustrated by their lack of savings and mounting expenses.The conversation reveals issues stemming from their different spending habits, incomes,and attitudes about money management.This dialogue presents an opportunity for students to analyze techniques for successful financial collaboration in relationships.2.Pair work●Focus:This creative task requires students to analyze the core issues in the couple’sdispute over finances and find reasonable compromises that address each one’s concerns.Through this task,students will demonstrate empathy,communication skills,and problem-solving skills as they work to resolve the conflicting approaches to household budgeting.●Procedures:1.Have students work in pairs.Explain to students that they will play the role of Nick and Janet and resolve the couple’s budget dispute.Give students one minute to re-read the dialogue and analyze the issues presented.2.Have students act out their extended conversation.Remind them to reach a reasonable compromise.The dialogue should end with the couple agreeing on a household budget and financial plan. This may involve:-Deciding on overall savings goals-Creating spending categories with assigned amounts-Agreeing on a system for tracking expenses-Compromising on discretionary spending items3.Invite a few volunteers to perform their completed dialogues for the class.4.Lead a short discussion reflecting on the budget solutions presented.Which compromises were most reasonable?What communication tactics worked best?5.Optional:Have students write a short reflection on what they learned about managing finances as a couple.Sample DialogueNick:I still think we need to control our spending.What if we each have an allowance to spend entirely at our discretion?Janet:But we need transparency,not separation.I don’t want to ask you for money when I need it.Nick:You’re right,that doesn’t work.Hmm,what if we have a shared account for bills and household expenses that we both contribute to based on our incomes?Then the rest ispersonal spending money.Janet:That’s better,but it doesn’t address our different attitudes about what’s worth spending on.For example,you think my books are useless.Nick:Okay,true.I suppose I should be less critical about your minor purchases if you could attempt to somewhat reduce your larger expenses.Janet:Fair enough.And we should agree on our savings goals for the year.Let’s aim to save$5000for vacations and$3000for the kids’college.Nick:Alright,it’s a deal.Should we use an app to track where all the money is going each month?That way we can catch any leaks early.Janet:Definitely.Having it all visible will help us make better choices together rather than pointing fingers.As long as we’re open to each other and work as a team,I think we can do this!Nick:Me too.I’m sorry.This is new to us but I’m glad we talked it out.Janet:Apology accepted.Now,ready to go over these credit card statements?Full transparency!Nick:You got it!Let’s do this.3.Role-play●Focus:This role-play task is designed to have students practice managing householdfinances through an improvised dialogue.The goal is to collaboratively track expenses and deposits to gain skills in household money management.●Procedures:1.Have students work in pairs.In each pair,one student should be the“big spender”and the other be the“miser.”2.Explain to students that they will play the role of a married couple who will review the monthly account book together.Remind them to take on the opposing attitudes of their roles.3.Give students a few minutes to review the account book and prepare for the role-play.The big spender should be ready to justify lavish purchases.The miser should express concern over unnecessary spending.4.Invite a few pairs to present their role-plays for the class.Pairs should aim to reconcile their different spending habits and agree on a reasonable budget and financial plan.5.Lead a discussion on the challenges of synchronizing financial viewpoints with a partner and effective strategies to enhance communication.Sample DialogueMiser:Okay,let’s go over these expenses line by line.RMB557at the shopping center?! That seems extremely high.What did you buy?Big Spender:I got some new clothes for work and a nice pair of shoes.Can’t I treat myself every once in a while?Miser:I suppose,but we need to stick to our budget.RMB80for a football ticket also seems excessive when we could watch it at home.Big Spender:It was a special event!I got to see it live with my friends.Miser:Let’s try to limit recreational spending to RMB100a month going forward.Now,the RMB200at the beauty parlor?!What’s that about?Big Spender:A girl’s got to look good!It was for a haircut and highlights.I can’t help it if the salon is pricey.Miser:Maybe try a less expensive place next time.I think we can cut this category in half. As for the RMB120movie—watching at home is way cheaper.Big Spender:Okay,I see your point.I can cut back on some of these extra treats.But could I still get some personal fun money that I don’t need to justify?Miser:That’s fair.How about we each get RMB200in discretionary spending?And we’ll save more by cooking at home and looking for free entertainment.Big Spender:It’s a deal!I want us to reach our savings goals.And I appreciate that you keep us on track.Miser:Thanks for being open to compromise.Together we’ve got this budget thing down! Activity31.How much money does a student need per month?This text discusses appropriate monthly allowances for college students in China.It centers on a university student dissatisfied with her RMB2,000monthly stipend from her parents, which she argues prevents her from indulging in luxuries like her peers.The author counters that this amount should sufficiently cover a student’s needs,citing a survey showing average undergraduate expenses in major cities were under RMB2,000.Experts advise students to adjust consumption based on family income and remember that education is the priority over material comforts.The issue reflects a generation gap in attitudes toward money, consumption values,and life priorities between Chinese youth and their elders.It also highlights the challenges of managing personal finances independently for the first time as a young adult.The text provides broader commentary on the importance of developing healthy spending habits.2.Discussion●Focus:Through this task,students will analyze their financial attitudes and deepen theirunderstanding of responsible money management and consumption habits.●Procedures:Divide students into groups of four and ask them to share their answers to the questions with group members.Remind students that they should have one member take notes of the major points that group members have made.After the group discussion,the note-takers would report their group discussion to the class.3.Role-play●Focus:This role-play scenario aims to provide an interactive way for students tointernalize the text’s themes revolving around fiscal responsibility and independence.Students could also practice agreeing and disagreeing,as well as offering and accepting suggestions through talking about money issues.Procedures:1.Divide students into pairs.In each pair,one student should be Student A and the other be Student B.2.Give students two minutes to read their role cards and get into character.Students should think about how they would act in their assigned role and improvise conversation based on their role descriptions.3.After five minutes of role-playing,the teacher will invite some students to present their role-play to the class.5.To conclude,students share their experiences and discuss what they learned about from this activity,and the teacher will summarize the insights gained.Sample Dialogue:Student A:I can’t believe my parents haven’t bought me a laptop yet.How do they expect me to do my schoolwork without one?It’s ridiculous that they haven’t provided me with this basic necessity for studying.Student B:I’m sorry to hear you don’t have a laptop,but maybe your parents can’t afford one right now.My parents give me a monthly allowance that’s usually enough,but lately, I’ve been donating some of it to charity so I’m short on cash.Student A:Well,if I were you,I’d tell my parents to give me more money.They should be responsible for making sure you have everything you need as a student.Student B:I disagree.I think we need to learn to be independent and make sacrifices sometimes.Your parents probably want you to focus on your studies rather than expensive gadgets.Student A:I guess you have a point.I don’t need the latest laptop.I should be grateful that my parents provide for my basic needs.It’s admirable that you’re donating your own money to help others in need.Student B:Thank you.But now I’m worried about covering my expenses.Do you have any ideas on how I could earn some extra money?Student A:Hmm...you could tutor younger students or get a part-time job on campus.Let me know if you need help!Student B:Those are great suggestions!Thanks for your advice!Supplementary Activity1.Learn to spend sustainablyThe passage offers advice for developing healthy spending habits and avoiding financial issues stemming from overspending.It targets readers who struggle with impulse purchases or have trouble differentiating between wants and needs.2.Discussion●Focus:This discussion aims to have students reflect on their spending habits andevaluate the effectiveness of the tips for avoiding impulsive purchases.●Procedures:1.Explain to students that the goal of this discussion is to reflect on their spending habits and evaluate strategies for controlling impulsive purchases.Encourage students to be open about sharing their experiences.2.Invite a few volunteers to describe a time they made an impulsive e probing questions to understand their motivations.3.After a few students have shared,facilitate a whole-class discussion on the effectiveness of the tips provided in the passage.Ask students to explain their perspectives.4.Invite students who have tried any of the techniques to describe their experiences implementing them.Did the strategies help manage spending?Have each student identify one tip they would be willing to try and explain why they think it would work for them.5.Leave five minutes at the end for students to reflect individually on new insights they have gained about sustainable spending habits.Definition:Impulsive buying,or impulsive spending,is the tendency of a customer to buy goods and services without planning.When a customer makes such buying decisions at the spur of the moment,it is usually triggered by emotions and feelings.Description:Impulsive buying can’t be categorized for one specific product category. Impulsive buying can be seen in products such as chocolates,clothes,and mobile phones and in big-ticket items such as cars,jewelry,etc.Impulsive buying means making an unplanned purchase.It is based on an irrational thinking.Marketers try to tap this behavior of customers to boost sales.There is a great likelihood that customers end up making a purchase ofproducts after entering the hypermarket without any actual intent of doing so.Many mobile phone makers tend to exploit this trait in customers by introducing products that can be add-on gadgets for their mobiles such as fitness bands,etc.。
中考英语作文：人工智能类(常用短语30个+句型20句+满分范文8篇)
中考英语作文：人工智能类（常用短语30个+句型20句+满分范文8篇）一、常用短语1. artificial intelligence (AI) 人工智能2. machine learning 机器学习3. deep learning 深度学习4. intelligent robots 智能机器人5. facial recognition 面部识别6. natural language processing 自然语言处理7. voice recognition 语音识别8. data analysis 数据分析9. algorithm design 算法设计10. smart devices 智能设备11. human-computer interaction 人机交互12. autonomous vehicles 自动驾驶车辆13. virtual reality 虚拟现实14. augmented reality 增强现实15. intelligent systems 智能系统16. pattern recognition 模式识别17. big data 大数据18. neural network 神经网络19. technological innovation 技术创新20. future development 未来发展21. smart home 智能家居22. industrial automation 工业自动化23. intelligent manufacturing 智能制造24. healthcare application 医疗应用25. education innovation 教育创新26. digital transformation 数字化转型27. ethical issue 伦理问题28. privacy protection 隐私保护29. security threat 安全威胁30. job displacement 工作岗位替代二、常用句型1. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, our lives have been greatly changed.随着人工智能的快速发展，我们的生活已经发生了巨大的变化。
新编《英美概况》名词解释
《英美概况》名词解释1.backbone of England : It refers to the Pennines in England. The Pennines extend from north to south, from upland to Derbyshire.2.the act of 1801: In the year of 1801, the parliament passed the act to agree that Ireland joined the kingdom. From then on, Britain got the name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and Britain includes England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland.3.the Bank of England: It is the center of the British financial system. It was founded in 1694 and nationalized in 1946.4.Invisible Trade: It refers to a kind of unseen and unobvious trade. It includes the profits, dividend and capital investment.5.Black country: It refers to the industrial area in the west midland and Birmingham is the center. The area is very rich but is heavily polluted.6.Hadrian’s Wall: In 122AD, the Romans built a wall in order to defend Picts and Scots. The wall is very long, from Solway to Tyne; we call it Hadrian’s Wall.7.Julius Caesar：The king of Rome. In 55-54BC, he led his army invaded Britain twice.8. King Alfred: He is the king of Wessex in Britain. In the 8th century, he led the British people defeated the Danes and Vikings, and he was considered the first national hero. He wrote Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. (盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史)9. William the Conqueror: One the Christmas Day of 1066, French man William defeated the British King Harold at Hastings. In Westminster Abbey, he was crowned the King of Britain, so the Norman Conquest began. He established a strong monarchy in England, and unified the country. In 1086, he and his officials made a book about the survey of Britain, which is called Doomsday Book.10. Battle of Hastings: One the Christmas Day of 1066, at Hastings, French man William defeated the British King Harold, and Harold was killed. The battle was called Battle of Hastings. The battle of Hastings paved a way for the Norman Conquest.11. Henry II: In the year of 1154, Henry II built the Plantagenet and when he was a king, he made the monarchy stronger than before. He made a set of reformation and in the year of 1181, he issued the Assize of Arms. He died in 1189.12. the Assize of Arms: In the year of 1181, Henry II issued the Assize of Arms. According to the law, every freeman in England should be provided with arms, and they can only use the arms when they are called to fight for the King.13.the Great Charter: It is also called Magna Carter. In the year of 1215, King John signed the Great Charter. According to the charter, the king can’t freely change the law, the king can’t freely tax, and if the king violates the Charter, the vassals may rebel by the civil war. It is a feudal charter, but it gave the people trade freedom and self government.14. all estates parliament ：The parliament in 1265 is called all estates parliament, and it is considered the beginning of Parliament.15. model parliament :. In 1295, in order to collect more money on the war again Wales, King Edward opened the “all estates parliament”. The parliament included more than 400 members and was considered the most successful parliament. In the history, it is called model parliament.16. Heptarchy : From 7th century to 9th century, England was divided into 7 small kingdoms, they fought each other. Later, the King Wessex, Egbert, united England and he was considered the first King. And this is called Heptarchy.17. Black Death: It is a kind of plague in 14th century and so many people died from it. The Hundred Year’s War stopped for some time because of the Black Death.18 the Lollards: It refers to John Wycliffe and his followers. They made some ideological(思想上的) preparation for the labour movement and peasant uprising.19. enclosure movement：In 15th century, the industry of woolen cloth was the source of wealth and export. So more wool was needed, and more sheep were needed. So some landlords began to enclose some “common lands” into pasture, and then some nobles and business men do so. As a result, farmers lost land and went to the cities to be the cheap workers. This is called enclosure movement.20. Francis Drake: He was one of the most famous navigators in England. He set a sail around the world in 1577.21. the East India Company: It is one of the most famous trade companies in England. It was founded in the year of 1600 and was a tool of exploiting(剥削) Indian people.22. Henry VII : He became the King in the year of 1485. He did a lot of things to make his crown stronger, for example: he confined Edward in the London Tower, he increased the income of government, he encouraged the education, but he didn’t deal with the Church problem.23. Charles I: The second king of Stuart. He quarreled with the Parliament and dismissed the Parliament for a long time. He killed the Puritans. In 1649, he was killed.24. O’liver Cromwell: He is a famous man in the British history. During the civil war, he and his “New Model Army” defeated the King’s army. In 1649, he killed Charles I. In 1653, he became Lord Protector and later compressed the Diggers.25. new model army: It is the new kind of army led by Oliver Cromwell in the civil war. The army includes farmers, craftsman, undermasters (学徒) etc.26.the Treaty of Paris in 1763: The treaty is between England and France. It includes four points. According to the treaty, France gave up many colonies, for example, it gave up the controlling on India, and Britain became the chief/leading colonial power.27. the House of Hanover: George began the House of Hanover in the year of 1714, and the Cabinet System was established and monarch was controlled by the Parliament.28.28. the Treaty of Paris in 1783 : The treaty is between Britain and America. In the treaty the Britain admitted the independence of America.29. the Corn Laws: It refers to a set of laws to regulate the corn trade, for example: to increase the price of corn imported in 1815. The Corn Laws were cancelled in 1848.30. the Peterloo Massacre: In August 1819, a organization was founded in Manchester to demand universal suffrage, and yearly Parliament and the cancellation of Corn Laws. The government suppressed it and 11 died with so many people wounded. This is called the Peterloo Massacre.31. the Reform Bill: The Bill was brought up by Whig in 1832. It made 3 changes in election system. (1) many “rotten boroughs” are cancelled （2）many new seats (席位) were given to the most populous (人口稠密的) countries. (3) the total electorates increased to 217000. But working class still didn’t have to right to vote. 32. the Chartist Movement: 1839-1848, the working class in Britain had a movement to realize the “people’s charter” , in fact , they wanted to have the universal suffrage. The chartist had two groups : moral force and physical force. At last, the Chartist Movement failed, but the working class entered the history stage for the first as an independent political force.33. the Opium War: In 1840, the Chinese government issued a law to stop the importing opium from Britain, to the Britain launched a war. The Qing Government surrendered (投降) to the Britain and signed the unequal Treaty :Nanjing Treaty in 1842.34. the Fabian Society ：It was founded in 1883-1884. It included the famous men such as G.B.Shaw andH.G.Wells, who played an important role in 20th century labour party.35.the Statute of Westminster: It was passed in 1931 and it gave the legislative recognition to the relation between British Kingdom her dominions. The dominions are independent in all aspects except the name.36. NATO: It is the acronym for North Atlantic Treaty Organization, it is founded in 1949.37. Margaret Thatcher: She was the first woman Prime Minister in British history. She was in power from 1979-1990. She was called “iron lady”because she controlled Britain’s money policy tightly. She made Britain prosperous in the 1980s.38.Downing Street Declaration: It is a document between Britain and Ireland in 1993. According to the Downing Street Declaration, the future of Northern Ireland shold depend on the wished of majority.39.BBC: Its full name is British Broadcast Co-operation. It was established in 1922, it has 4 radio channels, and the programs are broadcasted in 39 languages. There is no advertisement in BBC programs, the money is from the people who watch the TV.40.GCE: Its full name is General Certificate Education. It refers to the exam of the secondary middle school, if the students can pass the exam, he can get the GCE.41.Reuters: Ruters is one of the 4 news agencies in the West, it was founded in 1851, it has 11000 employees and 1300 photographers and reporters in more than 80 countries.42. the Royal Society: It is a British organization to study science and one of the most famous scientific organizations in the world. It was founded in 1660 and Issac Newton was its president for 23 years.43. Whitehall: It is the most important street in London, some of the government offices are in Whitehall, such as: Home Office, Finance Office, etc.44. St. Paul’s Cathedral: the biggest and most well-known church in London , a typical(典型的) building of Renaissance(文艺复兴).45.Westminster Abbey: It is a national shrine. Many famous literary persons or scientific persons are buried here. In 1066, William the Conqueror crowned himself in the Westminster Abbey.46.John Bull: the nickname of England or a typical English man.47.Speaker: the presiding officer(leader) of the House of Commons in British.48.Hollidays:(1) Christmas Day: It is on 25th, Dec to celebrate the birth of Jesus. On Christmas Day, people will go home from far places, eat Turkey with families, and children will get the present from Christmas Father.(2) Boxing Day: It is on the first weekday after Christmas. It is a public holiday in England, Wale and Northern Ireland. On Boxing Day, household employees or other service workers can receive some gifts.(3) Guy Fawkes Day: It is a day to celebrate a event in English history. A man Guy Fawkes wanted to blow up(炸平) the parliament in 5th , Nov and he was caught in the House of Commons.(4) Armistice Day: The day is also called Remembrance Day. It is a patriotic day on 11th, Nov, to remember the British or foreigners who died in World War Two.49. Protestantism: a main group of Christianity, separated from the Roman Catholic Church by the Reformation in 1534.50.Salvation Army: one of the main nonconformist denominations, founded in London in 1865,They preach the story of Jesus Christ, and do social work to help the poor and sick. They are almost military.51. Parliament : It refers to the legislature(立法机构) in Britain. The parliament has 3 parts: the Crown, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.52. House of Lords: It is the oldest part in Parliament which comes from the Great Council. The House of Lords doesn’t have real power. Normally speaking, the House of Lords can stop the law passing into thelegislation, but after 1949, the House of Lords can not can stop the law passing into the legislation.53. the House of Commons: The House of Commons has 650 seats. The members of it are not pointed but are elected.. It has the real power. Strong part of the House Commons forms the government, the weak part of the House Commons forms the Opposition. The leader of the House of Commons is called Speaker/President of Chamber.54. Opposition: The weak part of the House Commons forms the Opposition. They criticize the government or government’s policy, and give their new policies.55.Scotland Yard: It is the headquarters(总部) of Criminal Investigation Department in London. It has a history of 150 years. It does criminal detection, police training etc.55.the Mississippi River :It is the longest and most important river in the USA, and one of the greatest river in the world. It has two branches: Missouri and Ohio. It is 6262 km long.56.the five Great Lakes: the five Great Lakes are in the place between America and Canada. They are: Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, and Superior.57.the Niagara Falls: It refers to the Falls between Erie and Ontario in North America, 1240m wide, and 49m deep. Every year, thousands of visitors come here to enjoy it.58.Yellow Stone National Park: It is located in the northwest of Wyoming. It is the oldest national park in the world. A great number of wildlife live there.59.Grand Canyon: Grand Canyon lies in Arizonan, it is the one of the wonders（奇迹）in the world. Its wall has many layers, which tells you the story of the earth formation.60.Old Faithful: It is the most famous geyser（火山）in Yellow Stone National Park. It erupts more than 100 feet in the air every 73min.61. Pearl Harbor: It is the base of the Pacific Fleet of the USA, near the city Honolulu in Hawaii.62. Microsoft: It is the most famous computer company founded in 1975 by Bill Gates. Now, it plays animportant role in the world.63. Christopher Columbus: He was an Italian; he believed that the earth is round. In 1492, he discoveredAmerica and in 1498 he discovered the main land of South America.64. The Stamp Act: When Britain controlled the America, it issued a law: the stamp paper must be used forlegal documents. It was passed in 1765 and stopped in 1766.65. the Boston Massacre: In 1770, a little boy in Boston threw a small stone to the British soldiers, and Britishsoldiers fired at the people, with 4 died and many wounded. After it, the American people united together to fight against the British army.mittees of Correspondence: In 1772, the Boston town meeting appointed “Committees ofCorrespondence”to call people to unite together to fight against the British army.67. the Boston Tea Act: When Britain controlled America, according to the“Tea Act”, East Indian Companyexported tea to America to make money. In 1773, some Boston men got on the English ship and poured the tea into the sea. The Boston Tea Act showed the fighting spirit of Americans.68. the First Continental Congress: It was held in 1714 in Philadelphia. The leaders in the Congress agreed thatthey wouldn’t buy any goods from England until the objectional law was stopped.69. the Second Continental Congress: It was held in 1715 in Philadelphia. The leaders in the Congress agreedto sent army around Boston and made George Washington as the commander.70. the Articles of the Confederation: At the end of the Independent War, the people meet a question. How theUnited States should be governed? So a constitution（the Articles of the Confederation）was made. In 1781, it was accepted by all the states.71. the Sedition Act: It was made by John Adam, any one shouldn’t stir up the hatred to the government. It wasopposed by Republican Party, and was stopped by Jefferson in 1800.72. Monroe Doctrine: It was made by President Monroe in 1823. “America is American’s America”.According to the doctrine, European countries shouldn’t open any colony in North America or South America, and shouldn’t interfere the everything in America. And America shouldn’t open any colony in Europe, and shouldn’t interfere the everything in Europe.73. Westward Movement: In the early time of 19th century, more Europeans immigrated to America to find abetter life, but in the northeast, they found themselves still poor. So the farmers without land and workers without work went to the west part. Now, the west part is developed and wild land is farmed.74. Douglas’ Bill: It is a bill made by Douglas, a person in senate. According to the bill, the slavery is possiblein some states, e.g.: Kentucky or Nebraska.75. Republican Party: The Party was founded in 1854; the members of this party were against the slavery.Lincoln is the famous leader from this party.76. Abraham Lincoln: In 1860, Lincoln was elected president. He played an important role in the Civil Warand made two important documents: Homestead Bill, and Emancipation Proclamation. In 1864, he was elected for the second time. He was killed in 1865.77. the Confederate Union: After Lincoln was elected as president in 1860, the seven southern states, set up acountry “the Confederate Union”. They wanted to keep the slavery in it.78. Homestead Bill: It is one of the documents by Lincoln, according to the bill, the farmers and settlers gotenough land. So Lincoln got their support and the agriculture in the South developed.79. “Open Door Policy”: It is the policy which is made by Theodore Roosevelt in Chinese-American relation.By the policy, American invaded China by force and culture.80. the American Federation of Labor : the first national union in America .81. the League of Nations: According to Wilson’s Fourteen Points, the League of Nations is set up to keep theworld peace. But it is controlled by England and France.82. the Washington Conference : In 1921,China , America and other countries held a meeting in Washington,and this is called the Washington Conference. The Washington Conference strengthened the power of Far East and Pacific Area.83. the Great Depression: It happened 1929-1933. In 1929, the New York Stock Market failed, many factoriesclosed down, many workers lost jobs, many products found no markets. Many extra goods were destroyed.84. the New Deal: It was made by Franklin∙D∙Roosevelt in 1932. According to the deal, in the country, manypublic projects were made to increase the employment; at broad, American strengthened the old market and found new market.85. Franklin·D·Roosevelt：He was a member of Democratic Party and was the 32nd president in America.During 1929-1933, he made a New Deal, and made many contributions in WWII.86.the Battle of Midway Island: In the Battle of Midway Island, America defeated the Japanese United Fleet.This is the turning point of the Pacific War.87. NATO: The full name is North Atlantic Treaty Organization. It was set up in 1949. the main purpose was toform a political cooperation to fight against Russia.88. the Warsaw Pact: It was set up in 1955, the main purpose was to form a political cooperation to fightagainst NATO.89. the United Nations: In 1945, 48 countries had a meeting in San Francisco, they agreed to set up aorganization to keep the world peace. So the United Nations was founded.90.Trueman Doctrine: The Doctrine was made by President Truman in 1947. The purpose of the Doctrine was :①expand the influence of America ②suppress the struggle of the different countries.91.the Eisenhower Doctrine(重点) : It was the foreign policy carried by the Eisenhower Government. The doctrine contains the point of instant and massive retaliation(迅速的大量的复仇), and avoid the frustrating war(阻碍发展的战争)，such as the Korean War.92. the Marshall Plan (此题去年考过): The plan was suggested by Secretary of State George Marshall in 1947.The plan offered a great deal of money and machines to European countries to help them to recover their economy.93. the Cold War: It refers to the severe struggle between the America and other opposed political systems. TheCold War is not friendly, but didn’t use weapon.94. the sit-in(静坐): It is the way which is used by the Black men to fight against the racial segregation in1960s ( 它是1960年代黑人反抗种族隔离而采用的方式)95. Martin Luther King: He was a famous leader in the Civil Right Movement in America in 1950s-1960s. Hewas a clergyman. He organized the Montgomery blacks and changed it into Montgomery Improvement Association. He led the famous Civil Right Movement in 1960s. Under his leading, in 1964 the Civil Right Act was passed, in 1965 the V oting Right Act was passed. In 1968, he was killed.96. the Civil Right Movement : In 1950s-1960s, the American black men made the Civil Right Movement tofight against segregation. Martin Luther King was a famous leader in the Civil Right Movement in America in 1950s-1960s. He was a clergyman. He organized the Montgomery blacks and changed it into Montgomery Improvement Association. He led the famous Civil Right Movement in 1960s. Under his leading, in 1964 the Civil Right Act was passed, in 1965 the V oting Right Act was passed. In 1968, he was killed.97．Desert Storm(沙漠风暴行动) : American military attacked Iraq because Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1991. The air attack lasted for 6 weeks, and Iraq was forced to leave Kuwait. The war costs 61billion dollars.98. NASA It refers to National Astronautics and Space Administration.99. double dating : Two young people go out together to have a dance, to see a football game, or to have apicnic before the marriage.100.drive-in : a kind of informal eating place which is surrounded by the parking lots, by a busy road.101. a cafeteria : a kind of informal eating place in which you can buy some quick and cheap meal. You can select the food as you are going along.102. diner: It refers to the little restaurant just like a railway car. The diver is very convenient and the price is very low. Drivers , students and other people like it very much..103.Quakers: The other name of this group is Society of Friends. It is a small group with 100000 members.They are not interested in Politics and they often go out to help others without any reward. People respect them very much.104.The People’s Temple: It is a small group which was founded by Jones, Jones used superstition to control people’s spirit, once people joined this group, he couldn’t come out. In 1978, 914people（including Jones and his wife）committed suicide.105.New morality: In the 1960’s-1970’s, the young people showed their new morality. They lived together before the marriage and had the sexual action.106. the city of Heroin : it refers to New York, many people take heroin in New York.107. Chief Justice : the head of the Supreme Court in the USA.108.white collar workers: it refers to the mental labor workers. They have a higher social position and social fame than blue collar workers , but their pay is lower than blue collar workers.109. the separation of powers: In USA, the government has 3 branches: Executive, Legislative, and Judicial.Each branch has its own power and its power is limited by others.110. The Republican Party: It came into being in 1854. It is made up of northern capitalists who opposed the slavery.111.The Democratic Party: It came out of “Anti-Federalists”in 1787. It was founded in 1828, and the leader is Thomas Jefferson.112.St.V alentine’s Day: It is on 14th, Feb. On the day, the boys and girls in love will come out to have a date, send red roses or chocolate. The symbol of St.Valentine’s Day is a picture of a Heart and Cupid, Cupid hasa bow and arrow.113.Easter Day : It is on the first Sunday after the full moon, in March.. People , in this day , will celebrate the rebirth of Jesus. Children will dye the eggs and adults will kill lamb to eat.114 Halloween Day: It is on 31st, Oct. It is a night-time festival, which is held by children. On the Halloween Day children will wear a mask to frighten the parents and ask money from their parents. In 1950s, child sent the money to the poor countries’ children. The Halloween Day got Noble Peace Prize in 1965.115.Independence Day : It is the national day of the USA，on 4th, July.。
英语专业基础训练5-8
英语专业基础训练5-8英语专业基础训练（5）Part I V ocabulary and Structure1.How can you avoid mistakes when you're in such a ________?A) speed B) worry C) hastening D) hurry2.________ I look old, I have not lost the use of my limbs.A) Though B) In spite of C) Despite D) No matter3.It's very expensive to _____ the fashion.A) go along with B) get on with C) keep up with D) carry on with4.If he refuses to pay I shall take _______ against him.A) process B) punishment C) approaches D) measures5.I enjoy playing basketball and then ______.A) eating B) to eat C) eat D) ate6.July is the month _____ is usually the hottest.A) whose weather B) the weather C) its weather D) when the weather7.It's high time _______ him a severe lesson for being often late.A) you give B) you gave C) you'll give D) you should give8.But for the storm, I ______ home before night.A) would be B) was C) would have been D) had been9.Since the playground is wet this morning, _________ last night.A) it must rain B) it must be rainingC) it must have rained D) it should have rained10.Statistics _____ that the spread of SARS has been under control.A) show B) shows C) showed D) has shown11.In no circumstances _____ in public places.A) smoking should be allowed B) should smoking be allowedC) smoking is allowed D) allow smoking12.He was severely ill, _____ he had to lie in bed.A) as much as that B) so many so that C) so serious so thatD) so much so that13.You'd better hurry. The food is ________ cold.A) going B) getting C) changing D) growing14.Excuse me for ______ you with such a small matter.A) troubling B) taking C) interrupting D) making15.There was so much noise that the speaker couldn't make himself ______.A) heard B) to hear C) hearing D) being heard16. It ______ I was not in London at that time.A) so happened that B) was considered thatC) was supposed that D) was proved that17. I think we ______ buy this one. We're not going to find anything cheaper.A) can possibly B) would rather C) may well D) may as well18.His elegant clothes _____ sharply with his rough speech.A) compared B) contested C) conflicted D) contrasted19.Paul would like to be one of that _____.A) teachers classes B) teacher's classesC) teachers' classes D) teacher classes20.The fact that space exploration has increased dramatically in the past thirty years _____.A) in an evidence of us wanting to know more of our solar systemB) indicates that we are very eager to learn all we can about our solar systemC) how we want to learn more about the solar systemD) showing our intention to know a lot more about our solar systemPart II ClozeDirections: There are a number of blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Planning is a very important activity in our lives. It can give pleasure, even excitement, __21___cause quite severe headaches. The more significant the task ___22__ is, the more careful the planning requires. Getting to school or to work on time is a task requiring ___23__ or no planning, and it is almost a ___24__. A month's touring holiday__25___, or better__26___, getting married, is a different matter altogether. If the __27___ involves a church wedding, with fifty guests, a reception, a honeymoon in Venice, and ___28__ to a new home, this requires even more planning to make ___29__ that it is successful. Planning is our way of trying to ensure success and __30___ avoiding costly failures we cannot afford. It is __31___ essential to mankindas a __32___, to individual nations, to families and single people; the __33___ may vary, but the __34___ of importance does not. In essence, a nation planning its resources and __35___ does not differ from the ___36__ weekly shopping or monthly household budget (预算). __37___ are designed to ensure an adequate supply of essentials, __38___ a rate of spending within the limits of __39___, and if properly carried out, will _40____ shortages, wastage and over-expenditure.21. A) so B) and C) or D) but22. A) ahead B) aside C) ago D) above23. A) least B) little C) much D) plenty24. A) task B) routine C) duty D) deed25. A) abroad B) aboard C) again D) above26. A) still B) more C) than D) yet27. A) matter B) latter C) holiday D) trip28. A) visiting B) attending C) taking D) returning29. A) known B) believe C) sure D) clear30. A) in B) for C) of D) by31. A) mainly B) equally C) virtually D) utterly32. A) whole B) group C) fact D) unity33. A) scope B) scale C) range D) extent34. A) degree B) height C) depth D) grade35. A) procedures B) requirements C) processes D) needs36. A) similar B) popular C) familiar D) regular37. A) Some B) Many C) All D) Both38. A) with B) by C) at D) in39. A) property B) production C) wage D) income40. A) keep B) avoid C) cause D) solvePart III Fill in the blanks with the words in the brackets. Change the form wherenecessary.1. The city’s importance as a _____ center has evolved slowly.(finance)2. Gas central heating provides instant warmth and a _____ supply of hot water.(continue)3. Your ____ interruptions are making it very difficult for me to concentrate.(continue)4. _____ from the students began arriving at the principal’s office.(complain)5. The new tax is ____ to force companies to adopt energy-saving measures.(mean) Part I Vocabulary and Structure1.He said ________ was not within his power to answer thequestion.A) thatB) thisC) suchD) it2.Arabic is a language I found ________ to learn.A) it difficultB) that difficultC) difficult itD) difficult3.Every picture except these two ______.A) has been soldB) has soldC) have been soldD) have sold4.We _____ three major snowstorms so far this winter.A) hadB) haveC) have hadD) had had5.He ran all the way home and arrived ___ breath.A) withoutB) lack ofC) beyondD) out of6.I'd just as soon ________ rudely to her.A) that you won't speakB) you not speakingC) you not speakD) you didn't speak7.He's working hard _______.A) for fear that he will failB) for fear that he failC) lest he failsD) in case he would fail8.It was impossible to avoid ___ by the stormy weather.A) to be much affectedB) being much affectedC) having much affectedD) to have been much affected9.You should ___ what she tells you because she knows their strategy well.A) take care ofB) write outC) pay attention toD) set down10.The children were eventually found _________ in an old mineshaft (矿井).A) to hideB) hidingC) hideD) hid11.Would you mind repeating what you said? I didn't quite (# catch on #).A) learnB) recognizeC) keep upD) understand12.He had to be called two or three times ______ he would come down to his dinner.A) afterwardsB) beforeC) afterD) while13.Give him a little encouragement, ______ he'll work really hard.A) orB) andC) soD) but14.The traveler left two _____ in the hotel in a hurry.A) luggagesB) luggageC) pieces of luggagesD) pieces of luggage15.It is a phenomenon deeply ____ in our national economy.A) includeB) minimizedC) prescribedD) involved16.The ____ as ambassador will be difficult for one with no experience.A) agreementB) considerationC) appointmentD) dismiss17.The explorer discovered the ____ of the river last year.A) originB) sourceC) derivationD) resort18.When the children entered, _____ was given a present.A) eachB) everyC) allD) nobody19.The people who objected to the new approach were told that since workhad already started there was no point in ____.A) denyingB) upsettingC) protestingD) competing20.Hawthorne's stories expose the corrupting powers of ____ and pride.A) guiltB) blameC) shameD) innocencePart II ClozeDirections: There are a number of blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.There may be an art explosion ahead.People will be working shorter hours, taking longer vacations, and retiring at an earlier _21___. They will have more time, and__22__ more money, for activities not directly connected with__23__ a living. Under these __24__, many people will take a great interest in art. What kind of art might the future bring? The questions cannot be answered with__25__. Art isalways a__26__ of its own time and it changes as time changes. It is possible, however, that the future will bring a new __27__ for the art of the past. In the age of _28___ production and synthetic __29__, people may place a higher __30__ on handicrafts, things created by hand from natural materials. People may want to see pictures that suggest an "old-fashioned" kind of beauty which has become _31___ in the world they know. It is also possible that in the future much of the art we know today will disappear. Now art forms may be so exciting and full of __32__ that no one will want to look at a ___33_ picture or a sculpture that stands still. It is certain that tomorrow's artists will use new substances in new ways. The usual materials are likely to be combined with elements that were once thought of _34___separate. Light patterns will combine with __35__. Color and form will combine with motion. These elements will reach out and surround the __36__. They won't just look at art; they will experience _37___.What new kind of beauty will __38__ artists create? The people who know _39___ about art forms and the history of art will only __40__ that there will be new and surprising things.21. A) opportunityB) timeC) occasionD) age22. A) excessivelyB) presentlyC) probablyD) exceedingly23. A) ensuringB) makingC) supportingD) securing24. A) circumstancesB) conditionsC) provisionsD) atmospheres25. A) assuranceB) certaintyC) possibilityD) precision26. A) produceB) resultC) productD) fruit27. A) viewpointB) attitudeC) opinionD) appreciation28. A) massB) quantityC) standardD) assembly29. A) substancesB) materialsC) resourcesD) elements30. A) requirementB) prizeC) priceD) value31. A) universalB) uniqueC) scarceD) rare32. A) motionB) beautyC) novelD) taste33. A) squareB) flatC) verticalD) horizontal34. A) byB) likeC) forD) as35. A) soundB) colorC) formD) motion36. A) artistsB) viewersC) researchersD) visitors37. A) thoseB) thatC) itD) them38. A) ourB) world'sC) tomorrow'sD) today's39. A) anyB) someC) mostD) least40. A) predictB) hopeC) wishD) expectPart III Fill in the blanks with the words in the brackets. Change the form where necessary.1.Are the points for _____ significant enough to support the central idea in theessay?(compare)2.Although we may not always notice the effects of ____ pollution at a local level,globally it has without doubt caused climatic warming.(industry)3.If the French team wins, it will ____ for a place in the finals.(qualification)4.It is likely that the college will stop her ______ because of her failure in the finalexamination.(scholar)5.Our boss is fully aware that his employees feel a lot of _____ to the companybecause they are treated right.(loyal)Part I Vocabulary and StructureDirections: There are a number of incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes thesentence.1.He wants to read a book, ________ is most unusual for him.A) whichB) thatC) thisD) what2.He speaks English as if he ________ a native speaker.A) wereB) had beenC) wasD) be3.My sister framed the photograph and ________ it on the wall of her room.A) to hangB) hangsC) hungD) hanging4.You don't object ____ you by your first name, do you?A) to me to callB) to my callingC) me to callD) my calling5.John found _____ so complicated a question.A) it hard to answerB) himself hard to answerC) hard for him to answerD) himself hard answering6.One of the things she wrote about ____ life on a small farm in Virginia.A) has beenB) wereC) had beenD) was7.The country seems to be moving ____ war.A) forB) againstC) over toD) towards8.If you had told me about your problem, I ____ able to help you.A) might beB) may have beenC) may beD) might have been/doc/b613750164.html,cation is a top ______.A) principalB) priorityC) prizeD) privacy10.Don't be ______ by his charm -- he's ruthless.A) taken apartB) taken offC) taken inD) taken out11.Little ______ how happy I had been.A) she had realizedB) did she realizeC) she realizedD) had she realized12.The workers' demands are ______, they're asking for only asmall increase in their wages.A) moderateB) abnormalC) commercialD) complicated13.When the first settlers came to America, their ______ utensils consisted of a few pots, pans, and some bowls ______ in one corner of the house.A) house ... stackedB) household ... stackedC) kitchen ... stackingD) home ... piled14._____ at high speed, we must break free from convention and use advanced technology as much as possible.A) Our economy developingB) For our economy to developC) With our economy to developD) To our economy to developing15.So far there is no proof______ people from other planets do exist.A) whichB) howC) whatD) that16.Do you have any ____ about what living beings on other planets would be like?A) idealB) comprehensionC) notionD) intelligence17.Here are some toys. You can ____ one or two for your little son as a birthday gift from me.A) single outB) pick outC) carry outD) work out18.This law ____ the number of accidents caused by children running across the road when they get off the bus.A) intending to reduceB) intends reducingC) intended reducingD) is intended to reduce19.____ inspected this radio should have put his work permit number on the box.A) WhomB) WhoeverC) WhoD) Which20.Teaching students of threshold level is hard work but the effort is very ____.A) preciousB) rewardingC) worthD) challengingPart II ClozeDirections: There are a number of blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Nowadays most people decide quite __21__ what kind of work they would do. When I was at school, we had tochoose__22__ when we were fifteen. I chose scientific subjects. "__23__, scientists will earn a lot of money, " my parents said. __24__I tried to learn physics and chemistry, but in the _25___ I decided that I __26__ a scientist. It was a long time _27___ I told my parents that I wasn't happy at school. "I didn't think you were," said my mother. "_28___," said my father. "Well, the best thing to do now is to look for a job."I __29__ about it with my friends Frank and Lesley. __30__ of them _31___suggest anything, but they promised that they would ask their friends. A few days later__32__ I was still in bed, _33___ telephoned. "Is that Miss Jenkins?" a man's voice asked. "I __34__ your hobby is photography and I've got a job that might interest you in my clothes factory. My name is Mr. Thomson." He seemed pleasant on the phone .__35__ I went to see him. I was so excited that I almost forgot __36__ goodbye. "Good luck!" my mother said to me.I arrived _37___ early and when Mr. Thomson came he asked me if I __38__waiting a long time. "No, not long." I replied. After talking to me for about twenty minutes he __39__ me a job -- not as a photographer though, __40__ a model!21. A) earlyB) presentlyC) soonD) quickly22. A) what should studyB) what be studiedC) what to studyD) what studied23. A) For the futureB) In the futureC) For futureD) In future24. A) In three yearsB) For three yearsC) Three yearsD) After three years25. A) closeB) lastC) endD) final26. A) would be neverB) never would beC) would not be everD) would never be27. A) beforeB) asC) whenD) while28. A) I didn't eitherB) Nor I didC) So didn't ID) Also didn't I29. A) toldB) askedC) talkedD) said30. A) BothB) NeitherC) NorD) Not all31. A) couldB) shouldC) mightD) must32. A) sinceB) whileC) whereasD) before33. A) everyoneB) anyoneC) no oneD) someone34. A) understandB) suggestC) recognizeD) inform35. A) soB) laterC) thatD) at last36. A) sayingB) to sayC) speakingD) to speak37. A) muchB) moreC) a bitD) a lot38. A) had beenB) would beC) wasD) might be39. A) affordedB) offeredC) paidD) decided40. A) beingB) asC) to beD) butPart III Fill in the blanks with the words in the brackets. Change the form where necessary.1.You can not bring out the best in your _____ except by rewardingsuccess.(employ)2.Make sure your _____ offers all the information that your recipient needs.(invite)3.Do you have any ____ that it was Henry who stole the computer?(prove)4.Her comments about my clothes made me feel ______.(comfort)5.His ____ may be a symptom of brain trouble.(forget)Part I Vocabulary and Structure1.I told them not everybody could do it, ________ ?A) haven't IB) didn't IC) couldn't heD) could he2.Every means ________ but without much result.A) have been triedB) has been triedC) have triedD) has tried3.________ to the speaker for five minutes, he got up and left.A) ListenedB) To listenC) ListeningD) Having listened4.A ____ to this problem is expected to be found before long.A) resultB) responseC) settlementD) solution5.It's necessary that an efficient worker _____ his work on time.A) accomplishesB) accomplishC) can accomplishD) has accomplished6.After _____ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A) being interviewedB) interviewedC) interviewingD) having interviewed7.Man is superior to the animals ______ he uses language to convey his thoughts.A) thatB) in thatC) whenD) in which8.I was so astonished at what I had seen that it took quite a while for me to ______.A) get my voice backB) find my way to itC) gaspD) pick up my tongue9.He's working hard _______.A) for fear that he will failB) for fear that he failC) lest he failsD) in case he would fail10.As a salesman, he works on a ____ basis, taking 10% of everything he sells.A) tipB) commissionC) benefitD) pension11.It was because the applicant was too proud ______ he failed in the interview.A) thereforeB) thatC) so thatD) so12.The restaurant has a very ________ atmosphere and is the perfect setting for a romantic dinner.A) intimateB) popularC) enormousD) welcome13.I wish he would hurry up — he is (# rather taking his time about #) making a decision.A) not concerned aboutB) not worried aboutC) not bothering aboutD) too slow in14.They ____ to him to abandon the idea.A) appearedB) appealedC) apologizedD) applauded15.She cooked the meat for a long time so as to make it _____ enough to eat.A) mildB) slightC) lightD) tender16.If I pass my driving test, I _____ a car.A) would buyB) shall buyC) were to buyD) shall have bought17.The selling price of that house and _____ is $50,000.A) many furnituresB) some furnitureC) several furnitureD) a furniture18.A single technical term will frequently cover an idea that would otherwise_____ a long phrase or clause.A) call forB) make forC) allow forD) stand for19.There is ____ the fact that failure is the mother of success.A) no denyingB) to not denyC) not to denyD) of denying20.The people living in these apartments have free ____ to that swimming pool.A) accessB) excessC) excursionD) recreationPart II ClozeDirections: There are a number of blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Man cannot go on 21 his numbers at the present rate. In the 22 30 years man will face a period of crisis. 23 experts believe that there will be a widespread food 24. Other experts think this is 25 pessimistic, and that man can prevent things 26 worse than they are now. But 27 that two-thirds of the people in the world are undernourished or starving now.One thing that man can do is to limit 28 of babies born. The need 29 this is obvious, but it is 30 to achieve. People have to 31 to limit their families. In the countries of the population 32, many people like big families. The parents think that this 33 a bigger income for the family and ensures there will be someone in thefamily who will look 34 them in old age.Several governments have 35 birth control policies in recent years. 36 them are Japan, China, India and Egypt. In some 37 the results have not been 38. Japan has been an exception. The Japanese adopted a birth control policy in 1948. People 39 to limit their families. The birth rate fell from 34.3 per thousand per year to about 17.0 per year 40.21. A) increasingB) to increaseC) and increaseD) with increasing22. A) secondB) recentC) nextD) late23. A) AnyB) SomeC) MoreD) All24. A) needB) wantC) absenceD) shortage25. A) soB) muchC) tooD) enough26. A) gettingB) from gettingC) to get27. A) rememberB) rememberingC) to rememberD) remembers28. A) an amountB) a numberC) the amountD) the number29. A) forB) inC) ofD) about30. A) not easyB) no easyC) not easilyD) no ease31. A) persuadeB) be persuadingC) be persuadedD) persuading32. A) burstingB) explosionC) raisingD) extension33. A) takesB) bringsC) makesD) earns34. A) uponC) intoD) after35. A) adjustedB) createdC) adoptedD) presented36. A) OfB) AmongC) BetweenD) Out of37. A) exceptionsB) examplesC) eventsD) cases38. A) successB) succeededC) successfulD) succeeding39. A) were encouragedB) encouragedC) are encouragedD) encourage40. A) presentlyB) at presentC) in timeD) on timePart III Fill in the blanks with the words in the brackets. Change the form where necessary.1.Instead of isolating us from one another, the Internetserves to ____ or eliminatedistance.(short)2.With some ____, he let me use his new dictionary.(reluctant)3.You are bound to make a few mistakes through _____.(experience)4.______never come singly. (fortune)5.Mother needs _____ help in the kitchen on weekends when all of us come homefrom school.(add)。
金融学第二版课后答案英文版中国人民大学Bodie2-IM-Ch01
金融学第二版课后答案英文版中国人民大学Bodie2_IM_Ch01CHAPTER 1 – Financial EconomicsEnd-of-Chapter ProblemsDefining Finance1. What are your main goals in life? How does finance play a part in achieving those goals? What are the major tradeoffs you face?SAMPLE ANSWER:Finish schoolGet good paying job which I likeGet married and have childrenOwn my own homeProvide for familyPay for children’s educationRetireHow Finance Plays a Role:SAMPLE ANSWER:Finance helps me pay for undergraduate and graduate education and helps me decide whether spending the money on graduate education will be a good investment decision or not.Higher education should enhance my earning power and ability to obtain a job I like.Once I am married and have children I will have additional financial responsibilities (dependents) and I will have to learn how to allocate resources among individuals in the household and learn how to set aside enough money to pay for emergencies, education, vacations etc. Finance also helps me understand how to manage risks such as for disability, life and health.Finance helps me determine whether the home I want to buyis a good value or not. The study of finance also helps me determine the cheapest source of financing for the purchase of that home.Finance helps me determine how much money I will have to save in order to pay for my children’s education as well as my own retirement.Major Tradeoffs:SAMPLE ANSWERSpend money now by going to college (and possibly graduate school) but presumably make more money once I graduate due to my higher education.Consume now and have less money saved for future expenditures such as for a house and/or car or save more money now but consume less than some of my friendsFinancial Decisions of Households2. What is your net worth? What have you included among your assets and your liabilities? Would you list the value of your potential lifetime earning power as an asset or liability? How does it compare in value to other assets you have listed?SAMPLE ANSWER:$ ____________ (very possibly negative at this point)Assets:Checking account balanceSavings account balanceFurniture/Jewelry (watch)Car (possibly)Liabilities:Student loansCredit card balanceIf renting, remainder of rental agreement (unless sublettingis a possibility)Car payments (possibly)Students typically don’t think about the high value of their potential lifetime earning power when calculating their net worth but for young people it is often their most valuable asset.3. How are the financial decisions faced by a single person living alone different from those faced by the head of a household with responsibility for several children of school age? Are the tradeoffs they have to make different, or will they evaluate the tradeoffs differently?A single person needs only to support himself and therefore can make every financial decision on his own. If he does not want health insurance (and is willing to bear the financial risks associated with that decision) then no one will be affected by that decision other than that single person. In addition, this person needs to make no decisions about allocating income among dependents. A single person is very mobile and can choose to live almost anywhere. The tradeoffs this individual makes generally concern issues of consuming (or spending) today versus saving for consumption tomorrow. Since this person is supporting only himself, the need to save now is less important than for the head of household discussed next.T he head of household with several children must share resources (income) among dependents. This individual must be prepared to deal with risk management issues such as how to be prepared for potential financial emergencies (such as a serious health problem experienced by a member of the family or home owners insurance in case of a fire or other mishap). Because there are more people in this household than with a single person, there are greater risks that someone will get sick or injured. Andbecause there are dependents, the wage earner(s) should think carefully about life and disability insurance. In addition, the family is not as mobile as the single individual. Because of the school age children, the family might want to live near “good schools” thinking that a stronger education will eventually help those children’s future well being and financial situation. Thus, the tradeoffs for the head of household are more complex: more money is needed to consume today (he or she needs to support more dependents), but a lot more money is also needed to save for future expenses such as education and housing and more money is needed for risk management such as life and disability insurance.4. Family A and family B both consist of a father, mother and two children of school age. In family A both spouses have jobs outside the home and earn a combined income of $100,000 per year. In family B, only one spouse works outside the home and earns $100,000 per year. How do the financial circumstances and decisions faced by the two families differ?With two wage earners, there is less risk of a total loss of family income due to unemployment or disability than there is in a single wage earning household. The single wage earning family will probably want more disability and life insurance than the two wage earning family. On the flip side, however, the two wage earning family may need to spend extra money on child care expenses if they need to pay someone to watch the children after school.5. Suppose we define financial independence as the ability to engage in the four basic household financial decisions without resort to the use of relative’s resources when making financing decisions. At what age should children be expected to becomefinancially independent?Students will have differing responses to this question depending upon their specific experiences and opinions. Most will probably say independence should come after finishing their education, and they have a significant flow of income.6. You are thinking of buying a car. Analyze the decision by addressing the following issues:a.Are there are other ways to satisfy your transportation requirements besides buying a car? Make a list ofall the alternatives and write down the pros and cons.Transportation Mode Pros ConsWalking ?Takes you directly where you wantto goNo out of pocket costsConvenient ?Takes a long time ?Destination may be too far Bicycle ?Takes you directly to where youwant to goNo out of pocket marginal costsConvenient ?Requires physical strength and endurance ?Destination may be too farBus ?InexpensiveReaches more distant destinations ?May not take you directly where you want to go ?Inconvenient schedules to go ?Many stops, not efficientSubway ?InexpensiveFast ?May not take you directly where you want to goLocal destinations only on limited networkTrain ?Reaches distant destinations ?Moderately expensiveMay not take you directly whereyou want to goAirplane ?Reaches distant destinationsFast ?Most expensiveWill not take you directly where you want to gob. What are the different ways you can finance the purchase of a car?F inance through a bank loan or lease, finance through a car dealer with a loan or a lease or finance the car out of your own savings.c. Obtain information from at least three different providers of automobile financing on the terms they offer.d. What criteria should you use in making your decision?Your decision will be to select the financing alternative that has the lowest cost to you.When analyzing the information, you should consider the following:Do you have the cash saved to make an outright purchase? What interest rate would you be giving up to make that purchase? Do you pay a different price for the car if you pay cash rather than finance?For differing loan plans, what is the down payment today? What are the monthly payments? For how long? What is the relevant interest rate you will be paying? Does the whole loan get paid through monthly payments or is there a balloon payment at the end? Are taxes and/or insurance payments included in the monthly payments? ?For differing lease plans, what is the down payment today? What are the monthly payments? For how long? Do you own the car at the end of the lease? If not, what does it cost to buy the car? Do you have to buy the car at the end of the lease or is it an option? Is there a charge if you decide not to buy the car? What relevant interest rate will you be paying? Are taxesand/or insurance payments included in the monthly payments? Are there mileage restrictions?7. Match each of the following examples with one of the four categories of basic types of household financial decisions.At the Safeway paying with your debit card rather than taking the time to write a checkDeciding to take the proceeds from your winning lottery ticket and use it to pay for an extended vacation on the Italian RivieraFollowing Hillary’s advice and selling your Microsoft shares to invest in pork belly futuresHelping your 15-year old son learn to drive by letting putting him behind the wheel on the back road into townTaking up the offer from the pool supply company to pay off your new hot tub with a 15-month loan with zero payments for the first three monthsThe first is the most difficult since in practice it is simply a cash transaction involving no financing. As such the purchase is a consumption decision only and the payment choice is not a financing decision. The second is also a consumption/saving decision. The third is an exchange of one financial asset for another and therefore an investment decision. The fourth is a risk-management decision since you have subjected yourself to increased risk that is not covered by insurance. The final example is a financing decision involving a loan to finance a purchase.Forms of Business Organization8. You are thinking of starting your own business, but have no money.a.Think of a business that you could start without having to borrow any money.A ny business that involves a student’s own personal service would be cheap to start up. For instance he or she could start a business running errands for others, walking their dogs, shopping etc. Along those same lines they could start some kind of consulting business. Both of these businesses could be run out of their dorm room or their own home and could be started with very little capital. If they wanted to hire additional workers, they would have to be paid on a commission basis to limit upfront expenses.b. Now think of a business that you would want to start if you could borrow any amount of money at the going market interest rate.Certainly there are many interesting businesses that could be started if one could finance 100% of the business with borrowed capital and no equity. Since you will be able to borrow 100% of the financing, you will be willing to take a lot greater risk than if you were investing your own money.c. What are the risks you would face in this business?[Answer is, of course, dependent on answer to question “b.”]d. Where can you get financing for your new business?Depending upon the size of the financing needed, students should be looking for both debt and equity financing. The sources of this financing ranges from individuals and credit cards (for very small sums) to banks, venture capitalists, public debt and equity markets, insurance companies and pension funds9. Choose an organization that is not a firm, such as a club or church group and list the most important financial decisions it has to make. What are the key tradeoffs the organization faces? What role do preferences play in choosing among alternatives?Interview the financial manager of the organization and check to see if he or she agrees with you.SAMPLE ANSWER:Local Church group. Most important financial decisions:Whether or not to repair damage done to church and grounds during last big hurricane (specifically repairing the leaking roof)What project to put off in order to pay for repair damageHow to pay for renovations to downstairs Sunday school roomsHow to increase member attendance and contributionsHow to organize and solicit volunteers for the annual Church Sale (largest fund raiser of the year)Key Tradeoffs and Preferences:C hurch group funds are severely limited, so the organization needs to prioritize expenses based upon cost and need. Not all projects that are needed will be undertaken due to the expense involved. An equally large amount of timewill be spent trying to raise financing since funds inflow is variable. Since not all projects can be financed, preferences of different important individuals (such as the pastor) take on great significance in the decision-making process.Market Discipline: Takeovers10. Challenge Question: While there are clear advantages to the separation of management from ownership of business enterprises, there is also a fundamental disadvantage in that it may be costly to align the goals of management with those of the owners. Suggest at least two methods, other than the takeover market, by which the conflict can be reduced, albeit at some cost.One way is to provide incentives for the managers so that they increase their pay when owners interests are improved. An example would be compensating managers with stock options, the value of which increase with the market value of shareholder’s int erests. A second method is to more closely monitor the behavior of the managers. Outside management consultants and auditors serve this role in part particularly to the extent that they report their findings to representatives from ownership groups. Both of these solutions assume the management cannot effectively deceive markets or consultant/auditors through misleading information or actions to inflate the market value of the ownership shares or there performance records.11. Challenge Question:Consider a poorly run local coffee shop with its prime location featuring a steady stream of potential clients passing by on their way to and from campus. How does the longtime disgruntled, sloppy and inefficient owner-manager of Cup-a-Joe survive and avoid disciplining from the takeover market? This is not a question about a misalignment of the goals of the owner(s) and manager(s) of a firm since we have explicitly said the firm is owner-managed. If in fact the coffee shop is mismanaged the potential exists for an outsider to purchase a controlling interest in the operation and put more efficient management into place if the purchase price does not exceed the value of profits to be generated by the efficiently managed firm. If the present owner chooses not to sell he must value the firm for more than the value of the profits generated by an efficiently managed firm. Therefore his position in the firm must generate for him non-pecuniary benefits, or benefits unrelated to the firm’s profitability and he is therefore not avalue maximizer. Perhaps he enjoys making fun of his clients or takes pride in his eclectic tastes in interior decorating. In any case the takeover market does discipline him in the sense that he will be forced to pay for his non-pecuniary benefits in the sense that he trades off profits.The same could be said of an owner-manager who lacks the required specialized skills to properly run the firm but never the less continues to operate the company inefficiently because he ‘likes’ the work!The Role of the Finance Specialist in a Corporation12. Which of the following tasks undertaken within a corporate office are likely to fall under the supervision of the treasurer? The controller?Arranging to extend a line of credit from a bankArranging with an investment bank for a foreign exchange transactionProducing a detailed analysis of the cost structure of the company’s alternative product linesTaking cash payments for company sales and purchasing U.S. Treasury BillsFiling quarterly statements with the Securities and Exchange CommissionThe first two and the fourth items are responsibilities of the treasurer while the third and fifth items fall under the workload of the controller’s office.Objectivesy Define finance.y Explain why finance is worth studying.y Introduce two of the main players in the world of finance—households and firms—and the kinds of financial decisions theymake. The other main players, financial intermediaries and government, are introduced in chapter 2.Contents1.1Defining Finance1.2Why Study Finance?1.3Financial Decisions of Households1.4Financial Decisions of Firms1.5Forms of Business Organization1.6Separation of Ownership and Management1.7The Goal of Management1.8Market Discipline: Takeovers1.9The Role of the Finance Specialist in a CorporationSummaryFinance is the study of how to allocate scarce resources over time. The two features that distinguish finance are that the costs and benefits of financial decisions are spread out over time and are usually not known with certainty in advance by either the decision maker or anybody else.A basic tenet of finance is that the ultimate function of the system is to satisfy people’s consumption preferences. Economic organizations such as firms and governments exist in order to facilitate the achievement of that ultimate function. Many financial decisions can be made strictly on the basis of improving the trade-offs available to people without knowledge of their consumption preferences.There are at least five good reasons to study finance:y To manage your personal resources.y To deal with the world of business.y To pursue interesting and rewarding career opportunities.y To make informed public choices as a citizen.y To expand your mind.The players in finance theory are households, business firms, financial intermediaries, and governments. Households occupy a special place in the theory because the ultimate function of the system is to satisfy the preferences of people, and the theory treats those preferences as given. Finance theory explains household behavior as an attempt to satisfy those preferences. The behavior of firms is viewed from the perspective of how it affects the welfare of households.Households face four basic types of financial decisions:y Saving decisions: How much of their current income should they save for the future?y Investment decisions: How should they invest the money they have saved?y Financing decisions: When and how should they use other people’s money to sa tisfy their wants and needs?y Risk-management decisions: How and on what terms should they seek to reduce the economic uncertainties they face or to take calculated risks?There are three main areas of financial decision making in a business: capital budgeting, capital structure, and working capital management.There are five reasons for separating the management from the ownership of a business enterprise: y Professional managers may be found who have a superior ability to run the business.y To achieve the efficient scale of a business the resources of many households may have to be pooled.y In an uncertain economic environment, owners will want to diversify their risks across many firms. Such efficient diversification is difficult to achieve without separation ofownership and management.y To achieve savings in the costs of gathering information.y The “learning curve” or “going concern” effect: When the owner is also the manager, the new owner has to learn the business from the former owner in order to manage it efficiently. If the owner is not the manager, then when the business is sold, the manager continues in place and works for the new owner.The corporate form is especially well suited to the separation of ownership and management of firms because it allows relatively frequent changes in owners by share transfer without affecting the operations of the firm.The primary goal of corporate management is to maximize shareholder wealth. It leads managers to make the same investment decisions that each of the individual owners would have made had they made the decisions themselves.A competitive stock market imposes a strong discipline on managers to take actions to maximize the market value of the firm’s shares.。
写下过去和现在家人在干什么的英语作文
写下过去和现在家人在干什么的英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: Reflecting on the Past and Present Activities of My FamilyGrowing up as the youngest in my family, I have always been curious about what my family members were up to in the past and what they are currently doing. Reflecting on the past and present activities of my family has provided me with a deeper understanding of their interests, passions, and commitments.Looking back at my childhood, I remember my parents working hard to provide a comfortable life for my siblings and me. My dad was a dedicated engineer who spent long hours at work, while my mom was a loving homemaker who took care of the household chores and looked after us. Despite their busy schedules, they always made time for family dinners, outings, and holidays. I am grateful for the love and support they have given me over the years.My older brother was a talented musician who spent hours practicing the guitar and performing at local gigs. He eventuallypursued a career in music and now works as a music teacher at a music school. His passion for music has only grown stronger over the years, and I admire his dedication to his craft.My older sister was a bookworm who spent most of her time reading novels and writing in her journal. She developed a love for literature and eventually became a successful writer. Her published works have received critical acclaim, and I am proud of her achievements.As for me, I was a curious child who loved exploring the outdoors and trying new things. I developed a passion for photography and travel, which has led me to explore different parts of the world and capture beautiful moments through my lens. I now work as a freelance photographer, documenting stories and events through my photographs.In the present, my parents have retired and now spend their days gardening, volunteering at a local charity, and traveling to new destinations. They have taken up new hobbies such as painting and pottery, which has brought them joy and fulfillment in their golden years.My brother continues to teach music and has started a band with his students, performing at local events and festivals. Hispassion for music has inspired many young musicians to pursue their dreams and follow their passion.My sister is currently working on her next novel and has been nominated for several literary awards. She continues to inspire others with her writing and storytelling, and her books have touched the hearts of readers around the world.As for me, I continue to travel and explore new places, capturing moments and stories through my photographs. I have started a blog where I share my travel experiences and photography tips with my followers, inspiring them to see the world through a different lens.Reflecting on the past and present activities of my family has shown me the importance of following our passions, pursuing our dreams, and cherishing the moments we share with our loved ones. I am grateful for the support and encouragement of my family, and I look forward to creating new memories with them in the future.篇2Title: Reflecting on What My Family Members are Doing Now and in the PastIntroduction:Family plays a crucial role in shaping who we are and where we come from. In this essay, I will reflect on what my family members were doing in the past and what they are doing now.Parents:My parents have always been hardworking individuals. In the past, my father worked as a factory worker, while my mother was a homemaker. They both sacrificed a lot to provide for our family and ensure we had a comfortable life. Now, my father has retired, while my mother works part-time as a caregiver for the elderly. They both enjoy spending time with their grandchildren and traveling together.Siblings:I have two siblings, an older brother and a younger sister. In the past, my brother was studying to become a doctor, while my sister was pursuing a career in education. Now, my brother is a successful doctor, working in a hospital and helping to save lives every day. My sister is a dedicated teacher, inspiring young minds and making a difference in the lives of her students.Extended Family:My extended family includes my grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. In the past, my grandparents worked as farmers,providing for their large family and instilling values of hard work and perseverance in us. Now, they are enjoying their retirement, spending time with each other and reminiscing about the past. My aunts and uncles have successful careers in various fields, from business to healthcare, and continue to support and guide us in our own paths.Conclusion:Reflecting on what my family members were doing in the past and what they are doing now reminds me of the important role they have played in my life. Their hard work, dedication, and love have shaped who I am today and inspired me to pursue my own dreams. I am grateful for the support and guidance they have provided and will always cherish the memories we have created together.篇3Title: What My Family Is Doing Now and in the PastIntroductionFamily is the most important thing in anyone's life. They are the people who love, support, and care for us no matter what. In this essay, I will be sharing about what my family members were doing in the past and what they are doing now.My ParentsMy parents have always been hardworking individuals who have sacrificed a lot for our family. In the past, my father used to work as a carpenter while my mother worked as a teacher. They both worked long hours to provide for our family and ensure that my siblings and I had everything we needed. Nowadays, my father has retired from his job and spends his time gardening and taking care of our home. My mother has also retired and enjoys spending time with her friends and volunteering at local organizations.My SiblingsI have two siblings, an older brother and a younger sister. In the past, my brother used to work in finance, but he recently started his own business in the tech industry. He is always busy traveling for meetings and networking events. My sister, on the other hand, is in college studying to become a doctor. She spends most of her time studying and doing internships at hospitals.MyselfIn the past, I used to work in marketing for a big corporation. However, I recently decided to take a break from the corporateworld and pursue my passion for writing. I now work as a freelance writer and spend my days writing articles and blog posts for clients.ConclusionIn conclusion, my family members have all made significant changes in their lives from the past to the present. Despite the differences in our careers and interests, we all share a deep love and respect for each other. I am grateful for the support and encouragement they have given me throughout the years, and I look forward to seeing how our paths will continue to evolve in the future.。
不同国家对家庭收入数据统计英语作文
不同国家对家庭收入数据统计英语作文Different countries have their own ways of collecting and reporting household income data. In the United States, the Census Bureau conducts the Current Population Survey (CPS), which includes questions about income and is used to estimate the median and mean household income. The Bureau also uses the American Community Survey (ACS) to provide detailed information on income and poverty at the local level.In the United Kingdom, the Office for NationalStatistics (ONS) collects household income data through the Living Costs and Food Survey (LCF), which provides detailed information on the income and expenditure of private households. The ONS also uses the Household Finance Survey (HFS) to collect information on the financial circumstances of households.In China, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) collects household income data through the Urban and Rural Household Income Survey, which covers both urban and rural areas and provides comprehensive data on household income and expenditure.In Japan, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications conducts the Family Income and Expenditure Survey to collect data on household income and expenditure. This survey provides detailed information on the income and expenditure of households in Japan.Overall, different countries have their own methods of collecting and reporting household income data, and these methods are designed to provide comprehensive and accurate information on the economic well-being of households.不同国家有他们自己的方式来收集和报告家庭收入数据。
《金融专业英语》课件-Chapter 9 Household Finance
etc. ✓ Savings accounts（储蓄账户）: Regular savings account, online savings account,
9.5 Household Bank Finance
Household Bank Finance
There are plenty of banks and financial service providers that offer household personal finance. The major personal finance providers offer alluring personal finance options, and these options can be of immense help for individuals to achieve shortterm financial goals. Household bank finance can help during a home decorating project. 许多银行和金融服务商提供家庭个人融资。
English in Finance
Chapter 9 Household Finance
9.1
Understanding Hபைடு நூலகம்usehold Finance
Household Finance
Household finance deals with an individual’s or a family’s expenses while framing a household financial plan.