高一英语外研社版过去完成时态的被动语态的概念、基本用法直接引语和间接引语 动词不定式练习题
高中英语知识点归纳被动语态和主动语态的区别总结
高中英语知识点归纳被动语态和主动语态的区别总结被动语态和主动语态是英语中常用的两种语态之一，它们在表达方式和语法结构上有着明显的差异。
本文将对被动语态和主动语态进行总结和区别，并提供一些学习和应用被动语态的技巧。
一、被动语态的定义和结构被动语态是指动作的承受者或对象成为句子的主语，强调的是动作对主语的影响或作用。
被动语态的结构为“助动词be + 过去分词”。
具体的构成如下：1. 一般现在时的被动语态：主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词2. 一般过去时的被动语态：主语 + was/were + 过去分词3. 一般将来时的被动语态：主语 + will be + 过去分词二、主动语态的定义和结构主动语态是指主语执行动作，强调的是主语的行为或动作。
主动语态的结构为“主语 + 动词 + 宾语”。
具体的构成如下：1. 一般现在时的主动语态：主语 + 动词 + 宾语2. 一般过去时的主动语态：主语 + 动词的过去式 + 宾语3. 一般将来时的主动语态：主语 + will + 动词原形 + 宾语三、被动语态和主动语态的区别被动语态和主动语态在语法结构和句子表达上有明显的差异，其主要区别如下：1. 句子结构：- 被动语态：助动词be + 过去分词- 主动语态：主语 + 动词 + 宾语2. 语气和重点：- 被动语态：强调动作的承受者或对象- 主动语态：强调动作的执行者或主体3. 形式和动作：- 被动语态：动作对主语的影响或作用- 主动语态：主语执行动作4. 时态和人称：- 被动语态和主动语态的时态和人称要保持一致，只是在结构上有所差异四、学习和应用被动语态的技巧1. 注意动词的时态：- 在使用被动语态时，要根据句子的时态来确定助动词be的形式，如一般现在时用am/is/are，一般过去时用was/were，一般将来时用will be。
2. 确定句子的主语和宾语：- 在转换为被动语态时，要注意确定原句中的主语和宾语，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，同时动词也要做相应的调整。
高中英语知识点归纳被动语态的构成与用法
高中英语知识点归纳被动语态的构成与用法被动语态是英语句子中重要的语法结构之一，它的构成和用法对于高中英语学习者来说是必须要掌握的知识点。
本文将归纳总结被动语态的构成和用法，帮助读者更好地理解和运用。
一、被动语态的构成被动语态是由be动词和过去分词构成的，be动词的形式根据句子的时态和语态而变化。
1. 一般现在时态的被动语态：主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词例如：Active: They clean the classroom every day.Passive: The classroom is cleaned every day (by them).2. 一般过去时态的被动语态：主语 + was/were + 过去分词例如：Active: He repaired the car yesterday.Passive: The car was repaired yesterday (by him).3. 现在进行时态的被动语态：主语 + am/is/are + being + 过去分词例如：Active: They are building a new bridge. Passive: A new bridge is being built (by them).4. 现在完成时态的被动语态：主语 + have/has been + 过去分词例如：Active: They have finished the project. Passive: The project has been finished (by them).5. 将来时态的被动语态：主语 + will be + 过去分词例如：Active: He will clean the room later. Passive: The room will be cleaned later (by him).二、被动语态的用法被动语态常用于以下情况：1. 强调动作的承受者而非执行者。
语法中被动语态和间接引语的注意事项知识点总结
语法中被动语态和间接引语的注意事项知识点总结被动语态和间接引语是语法中常见的两个知识点，它们在英语学习中起着重要的作用。
掌握它们的使用方法和注意事项，能够帮助我们更准确地表达意思，使语言表达更加丰富和准确。
本文将对被动语态和间接引语的注意事项进行总结，并给出相应的例句进行说明。
一、被动语态1. 被动语态的构成被动语态由助动词be（根据时态变化）+及物动词的过去分词构成。
例如：- The window was broken.（窗户被打破了。
）- The letter will be sent tomorrow.（信明天会被寄出。
）2. 注意事项（1）被动语态强调动作的接受者而非执行者，常用于不知道或不关心动作的执行者的情况。
（2）被动语态通常使用于及物动词。
不能用于不及物动词，因为不及物动词没有宾语。
（3）被动语态的时态和语态要根据上下文的需要而灵活变化。
3. 例句- The cake was eaten by Tom.（这个蛋糕被汤姆吃掉了。
）- The book will be read by many people.（这本书将会被很多人读。
）二、间接引语1. 间接引语的转述间接引语是对直接引语（别人的原话）的转述，它是语句的陈述，而不是援引别人的原话。
例如：- He said that he was tired.（他说他很累。
）2. 注意事项（1）在将直接引语转换为间接引语时，引导引语的动词常常需要根据时态、人称和一般陈述句的特点进行相应的改变。
（2）引导间接引语的动词有时需要加上连接词that，有时可以省略。
3. 例句- She said, "I will go to the cinema tonight."（她说：“我今晚会去电影院。
”）→ She said that she would go to the cinema that night.（她说她那天晚上会去电影院。
英语中的被动语态用法
英语中的被动语态用法被动语态是英语语法中一个重要的概念，它在句子中扮演着重要的角色。
通过使用被动语态，我们可以更准确地表达动作的执行者和受动者的关系，或者强调动作的接受者而不关注执行者。
本文将探讨英语中的被动语态用法，并介绍一些常见的应用场景。
一、被动语态的构成被动语态由助动词“be”和动词的过去分词构成。
根据时态和语态的变化，被动语态的构成也会有所不同。
以下是一些常见的被动语态形式：1. 一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are + 过去分词例如：The book is written by a famous author.（这本书是由一位著名作家写的。
）2. 一般过去时的被动语态：was/were + 过去分词例如：The letter was sent yesterday.（这封信昨天被寄出。
）3. 一般将来时的被动语态：will be + 过去分词例如：The project will be completed by the end of this month.（这个项目将在本月底完成。
）二、被动语态的用途1. 强调动作的接受者被动语态常用于强调动作的接受者，而不关注执行者。
这种用法常见于科学、新闻报道等领域，以确保信息的客观性。
例如：The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.（《蒙娜丽莎》是由莱昂纳多·达·芬奇绘制的。
）2. 避免指责或责备被动语态还常用于避免直接指责或责备某人。
通过使用被动语态，可以使句子更加客观和中立。
例如：Mistakes were made.（犯了错误。
）3. 表达普遍真理或常规行为被动语态还可以用于表达普遍真理或常规行为，而不涉及特定的执行者。
例如：English is spoken in many countries.（英语在许多国家都被使用。
）4. 表示无法确定的执行者有时候，句子中的执行者无法确定，这时使用被动语态可以避免产生歧义。
各时态的被动语态的基本结构
各时态的被动语态的基本结构一、被动语态的概念及基本用法被动语态是指句子的主语是动作的承受者，而不是执行者。
在英语中，被动语态通常由“be+过去分词”构成，常用于强调动作的承受者或者不知道执行者是谁的情况下。
二、一般现在时的被动语态1.基本结构：am/is/are+过去分词2.使用场景：用于强调动作的承受者或者不知道执行者是谁的情况下。
3.例句：The cake is made by my mother.（蛋糕是我妈妈做的。
）The book is read by me every day.（这本书我每天都会读。
）三、一般过去时的被动语态1.基本结构：was/were+过去分词2.使用场景：用于强调过去某个时间点或事件中发生了什么事情。
3.例句：The letter was written by her yesterday afternoon.（这封信昨天下午被她写了。
）The game was played by the children last night.（孩子们昨晚玩了这个游戏。
）四、一般将来时的被动语态1.基本结构：will be+过去分词2.使用场景：用于强调将来某个时间点或事件中将会发生什么事情。
3.例句：The cake will be made by my mother tomorrow.（明天蛋糕会是我妈妈做的。
）The game will be played by the children this weekend.（这个周末孩子们会玩这个游戏。
）五、现在进行时的被动语态1.基本结构：am/is/are being+过去分词2.使用场景：用于强调正在进行的动作的承受者。
3.例句：The cake is being made by my mother right now.（现在蛋糕正在被我妈妈做。
）The game is being played by the children at the moment.（现在孩子们正在玩这个游戏。
高一英语直接引语和间接引语,被动语态,虚拟语气,定语从句语法知识总结和练习
一．直接引语和间接引语（一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。
间接引语一般构成宾语从句。
直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。
直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。
1．时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said， asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时，等等。
例如：Tom said to me，“My brother is doing his homework．”→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework．2．人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化：根据意义进行相应的变化，例如：She asked Jack，“Where have you been?”→She asked Jack where he had been．He said，“These books are mine．”→He said that those books were his．（二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。
直接引语如果是一般疑问句，用连接词whether或if；如果是特殊疑问句，则用疑问词引导间接引语。
转述的动词一般用asked，可以在其后加上一个间接宾语me， him， her， us等。
如：She said，“Is your father at home?”→She asked me if/whether my father was at home．“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me．→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday．直接引语如果是祈使句，改为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据原句的语气（即请求或命令）加上ask， tell， order 等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，则在不定式前加not。
高中英语知识点归纳被动语态和主动语态的转换
高中英语知识点归纳被动语态和主动语态的转换高中英语知识点归纳：被动语态和主动语态的转换被动语态和主动语态是英语语法中的两个重要概念。
被动语态是用来描述动作的接受者，而主动语态则强调动作的执行者。
在这篇文章中，我们将对高中英语中被动语态和主动语态的转换进行归纳总结，帮助大家更好地理解和运用这两种语态。
一、基本概念1. 主动语态：句子的主语是动作的执行者。
例如：- 主动语态：Tom eats an apple.（汤姆吃了一个苹果。
）2. 被动语态：句子的主语是动作的接受者。
例如：- 被动语态：An apple is eaten by Tom.（一个苹果被汤姆吃了。
）二、转换方法1. 把句子中的宾语变成主语，同时在谓语动词前加上be动词的相应形式，同时需要调整句子时态和语态。
例如：- 主动语态：He sings a song.（他唱了一首歌。
）- 被动语态：A song is sung by him.（一首歌被他唱了。
）2. 如果主动语态的句子包含间接宾语和直接宾语，可以把其中一个宾语变为主语，并在谓语动词前加上be动词的相应形式。
例如：- 主动语态：He gave me a book.（他给了我一本书。
）- 被动语态：I was given a book by him.（我被他给了一本书。
）3. 如果主动语态的句子中有介词短语作状语，需要将介词短语移到句子的末尾，并在谓语动词前加上be动词的相应形式。
例如：- 主动语态：They cut down the trees in the garden.（他们砍掉了花园里的树。
）- 被动语态：The trees in the garden were cut down by them.（花园里的树被他们砍掉了。
）4. 如果主动语态的句子中有连系动词，需要把连系动词变成被动语态的be动词的相应形式。
例如：- 主动语态：She is writing a letter.（她正在写信。
被动语态的用法归纳总结
被动语态的用法归纳总结一、概念和基本结构被动语态是英语中的一种句子结构，表示主语是动作的承受者，而不是执行者。
通常由以下形式构成：be动词（am/is/are/was/were）+过去分词。
二、被动语态的用途1. 突出某个动作或事件的接收者，强调对象。
2. 强调对主语造成影响或结果的行为，而非行为本身。
3. 当无须提及或不知道执行者时使用。
4. 在科学研究和实验报告中经常使用被动语态。
三、被动语态的时态变化1. 一般现在时：am/is/are + 过去分词例：The car is washed every week.每周都会给这辆车清洗。
2. 现在进行时：am/is/are being + 过去分词例：The house is being painted by the workers.工人正在油漆这座房子。
3. 一般过去时：was/were + 过去分词例：The book was written by Mark Twain.这本书是马克·吐温写的。
4. 过去进行时：was/were being + 过去分词例：The crops were being harvested when the storm hit.暴风雨袭击时农作物正在收割。
5. 一般将来时：will be + 过去分词例：The package will be delivered tomorrow.这个包裹明天将被送到。
6. 现在完成时：has/have been + 过去分词例：The problem has been solved by our team.这个问题已经被我们的团队解决了。
四、主动语态和被动语态的转换1. 主动语态变被动语态把主动句的宾语移到前面作为被动句的主语，谓语动词改为相应形式的be动词，原主语成为介词by后的短语（可省略）。
例：Active: They built a new bridge last year.被动：A new bridge was built by them last year.2. 被动语态变主动语态将被动句的主语转化为主格作为主句的主语，谓语使用与原句中be表达时态、人称和数一致的动词原形。
被动语态与间接引语
被动语态总结动词的语态主要分为两种：主动语态与被动语态主动语态指主语是谓语功作的执行者。
被动语态指主语是谓语动作的承受者。
I have done the job.（主动句）The job has been done.（被动句）1．被动语态根据时态的不同，可分为以下几种类型：一般现在时：am/is/are+done;一般过去时：was/were+done现在进行时：am/is/are+being done过去进行时：was/were+being done将来时：will/would+be done,be going to be done, be to be done现在完成时：have/has +been done过去完成时：had+been done将来完成时：will+have been done2.被动语态和主功语态一样具有不同时态，其时态的变化取决于时间状语，其时态的变化形式由其助动词be的事态变化形式来体现The house is being painted now.（现在进行时被动语态）Tom has been said to him about it.（现在完成时被动语态）The furniture was bought last week..（过去时被动语态）You'll be punished one day.（将来时被动语态）3．被动语态的意义（1）不知道或没必要指出行为、动作的执行者Colour TV sets are sold in that shop.Football is plated all over the world.(2)突出和强调行为或动作的承受着。
History is made by the people.The wounded soldiers have been saved by those people.(3)有时主语较长，可后置。
It's said that we have won the game.4．在实义动词make及感官动词see ，hear….等动词的被动语态形式后面出现的作主语补足语的不定式须加不定式符号“to"?The teacher made Tom answer it again.（主动语态，不加“to" )Tom was made to answer it again.（被动语态，加“to" )5.短语动词的被动语态要注意不可丢失其附加的介词、副词或短语。
高中英语外研版必修3Module 3 Section Ⅲ Grammar — 过去完成时的被动语态和间接引语
Section_ⅢGrammar—_过去完成时的被动语态和间接引语语法图解探究发现①By the time it ended, more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700had been injured.②By the late 1890s, he had moved to Galveston, where he died in 1899, a year before the hurricane struck.③Coghlan traveled back to Canada — after he had been buried in Texas!④She says, “Tom was very kind.”→She says that Tom was very kind.⑤He asked, “Will you go to the party？”→He asked whether/if I would go to the party.⑥She asked me, “When do they have their dinner？”→She asked me when they had their dinner.⑦The teacher said，“About 70% of the earth’s surface is covered with water.”→The teacher said that about 70% of the earth’s surface is covered with water.[我的发现](1)②句采用了过去完成时，其构成形式为：主语＋had_done。
(2)①③句采用了过去完成时的被动语态，其构成形式为：主语＋had_been_done。
(3)④～⑦句均为直接引语变间接引语的句子，在变间接引语时，人称、时态、语序等方面都要做相应的变化。
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高一英语外研社版过去完成时态的被动语态的概念、基本用法直接引语和间接引语动词不定式练习题1. If we ______ the other road，we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.A. takeB. had takenC. tookD. have taken2. He asked Tom，“Have you finished your homework?”→ He asked Tom ____________________.A. if had he finished his homeworkB. whether he had finished his homeworkC. if he had finished your homeworkD. if you had finished your homework3. Mary went to the box office at lunch time，but all the tickets ____out.A. would sellB. had soldC. have soldD. was selling4. He said，“Don’t do that again.”→ He _____ me _______ that again.A. said to；not to doB. said to；don’t doC. told；don’t doD. told；not to do5. The vegetables didn’t taste very good. They ____ for too long.A. cookedB. were cookedC. had cookedD. had been cooked6. It is said that the old coins_______ under the earth for about 100 years by the time they were discovered.A. had buriedB. had been buriedC. buriedD. were buried7. John asked me_____ to visit his uncle’s farm with him.A. how would I likeB. if or not would I likeC. whether I would likeD. which I would like8. After the race____，the celebration began.A. had been wonB. is wonC. will be wonD. has been won9. After the cake ____ 20 equal parts，the host took them before the guests.A. divided intoB. had been divided intoC. separated intoD. had been separated from10. No one can be sure ______in a million years.A. what man will look likeB. what will man look likeC. man will look like whatD. what look will man like11. They would tell how the African ____on a ship to an American port.A. was broughtB. could have been broughtC. had been broughtD. was to be brought12. In 2019，this was the longest bridge that ________.A. was ever builtB. had ever builtC. has ever been builtD. had ever been built13. Experiments of this kind in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.A. have conductedB. have been conductedC. had conductedD. had been conducted14. —I’ve heard that you’re going to Beijing next week.—Yes. Do you have anything_____ to your parents?A. to takeB. takenC. to be takenD. taking15. It remains_____ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.A. seenB. to be seenC. seeingD. to see16. —Does your brother intend to study German?—Yes，he intends_______.A. /B. toC. soD. that17. The patient was warned ___oily food after the operation.A. to eat notB. eating notC. not to eatD. not eating18. They did nothing but______ for others’ help.A. waitingB. to waitC. waitD. waited19. As a journalist you should first decide what events_____ before you make some interviews.A. reportedB. to reportC. to be reportedD. reporting20. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle______.A. to be heardB. to have heardC. hearingD. being heard21. Jane is so interested in the computer that she likes everything ______it.A. likedB. such asC. doing withD. to do with22. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier，____ it more difficult.A. not makeB. not makingC. not to makeD. do not make23. The young couple can’t afford ______ a new house.A. buyingB. to buyC. buysD. to buying24.More TV programs，according to government officials，will be produced ________ people's concern over food safety.A. to raiseB. raisingC. to have raisedD. having raised25. The new suspension bridge _____ by the end of last month.A. has been designedB. had been designedC. was designedD. would be designed26.With Father's Day around the corner，I have taken some money out of the bank ______ presents for my dad.A. buyB. to buyC. buyingD. to have bought27.We were astonished ______ the temple still in its original condition.A. findingB. to findC. findD. to be found28.I have a lot of readings _______ before the end of this term.A. completingB. to completeC. completedD. being completed1. B 解析：句意：如果我们走了另一条路，我们也许会及时到达赶上会议召开。
本题考查虚拟语气，表示对过去事实虚拟，那么从句就用过去完成时态。
2. B 解析：第二句句意：他问汤姆是否已经写完了作业。
本题考查的是直接引语变间接引语时时态的变化，直接引语为现在完成时态，变成间接引语就应为过去完成时态。
3. B 解析：句意：午饭时间玛丽去了售票处，但是所有的票已经卖完了。
选择项的动作sell发生在动作went之前，表示过去的过去，所以用过去完成时态。
4. D 解析：第二句句意：他告诉我不要再那样做了。
否定形式的祈使句变间接引语时用not to do something作宾语补足语；said改为told.5. D 解析：本题考查时态和语态。
根据cook和前句中的taste动作的比较可知，cook是先发生的动作，故应该用过去完成时态；并且they和cook之间是被动关系，故用过去完成时态的被动语态。
句意：这个菜不好吃。
它们被烹煮的时间过长了。
6. B 解析：句意：据说到出土时，这些古币已在地下埋藏了近一个世纪。
本题考查时态和语态。
由for about 100 years和by the time they were discovered知用过去完成时；coins与bury之间构成动宾关系，用被动语态，因此选B。
7. C 解析：句意：约翰问我是否愿意和他一起去参观他叔叔的农场。
分析句子结构可知，此处为宾语从句。
宾语从句应用陈述语序，排除A项；if不与or not连用，排除B项；D 项不合句意。