英文科技写作句型和词汇知识整合表达归纳(2010)

一.写作时态

以前的研究：过去时，

自己研究中做过的事：过去时，

其他都用：现在时态。

研究发现的可能解释理由用助动词：can, may, might, it seems that, could,

研究结果的评论不确定语气：appear, seem, it is likely that,

二.词汇和常用表达结构

1.图表所示、发现、揭示等

as illustrated(seen, shown, observed) in Fig.1, as is evident from

from Fig.2, from the results,

by observing Fig.2, based on the above analysis,

Fig shows that, the results show,

It is (can be) revealed (proved, suggested, observed, found, concluded, noticed, seen, believed) that, it is clear to see/observe that, it indicates(shows, imply) that, find out，it is evident that , it is assumed that ,

As described below, as seen from, as explained above, as evident from, exhibit

it follows that 由此断定…，由此得出结论…

point out

cast doubt on：对产生怀疑

2.得到、获得、

obtain, get, attain, capture, acquire, achieve, gain,

完成，实现: complete, accomplish, realize,

通过什么方式去做，利用/使用

through/via/by/with doing sth, using sth,

by use of, by means of, make use of, with the aid of

use, employ, utilize, adopt, put to use, put into use, apply,

影响

Affect, influence, impact on, have an effect on,

发生，开始，

occur, take place, happen, commence, begin, start, to start with, to begin with, at the beginning, 显然、明显，

Obviously, distinctly, clearly, significantly, apparently, remarkable, as seen, conspicuous, striking, dramatically

解释，说明，考虑

Explain, account for, allow for，take account for/of, be indicative of (表明，说明) Considering, take into account, with/without/in consideration of, regarding, concerning,

描述、提出、说明：

Illustrate, manifest, present, show, indicate, cite, describe, summarize, depict, annotate, appear, take on, plot, demonstrate, propose, put forward, put forth,

比较大小、多少

Less than, greater, more, larger, comparable(可比较的，相当的)

经验的

Empirical, experimental,

做，执行等，

Carry out, conduct, perform, do, implement,

一致性：

Have a good agreement, in good agreement with, match very well with, agree well with, show good agreement, in full agreement with, in line with

corresponding to/with, consistent with, in good accordance with, coincide with, concord with, fit well with

研究，调查

Study, investigate, explore, exploratory examine, make an investigation on/of/into, carry out a research

达到，To reach this objective

Reach, approach, up to, add up to, come to, arrive, beyond, out of reach,

验证，假设

Validate, verify, justify，hypothesize

Assume, suppose, assumption, hypothesis,

assume to be, it is assumed that…postulate 公设

增加、上升、减少、下降

Increase, decrease, reduce, reduce to, increase by(增加了多少), increase up to(增加到), rise to, give rise to, sth arise, increase with (随…增长/增加)

完全地，基本地，详细地，具体地，深入的,类似地，

Completely, entirely, adequately, mostly, extremely, truly, indeed, really, actually, mainly, primarily, detailed, in detail, in great detail, in more detail, for more details,

Deeper, deeply, better, in depth,

similarly, inadequately, notably, overly(过度地、极度地),