2016年上海市高中学业水平合格性考试化学试卷及参考答案
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2016年上海市高中学业水平合格性考试
化学试卷
考生注意:
l 、试卷满分100分,考试时间60分钟。
2、本考试分设试卷和答题纸。试卷包括两部分,第一部分全部为选择题,第二部分为综合分析题,包括填空题和简答题等题型。
3、答题前,务必在答题纸上填写姓名、报名号、考场号和座位号,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。作答必须涂或写在答题纸上,在试卷上作答一律不得分。第一部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域,第二部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。
一、选择题(共80分,每小题2分,每小题只有一个正确答案)
1.调味品食醋中含有3%~5%的 ····························································· ( )
A .甲醇
B .乙醇
C .乙醛
D .乙酸
2.聚氯乙烯制品随处可见,但聚氯乙烯塑料不用于生产 ······························· ( )
A .食品保鲜袋
B .衣物包装袋
C .垃圾桶
D .雨披
3.能使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色的是 ·························································· ( )
A .乙烷
B .乙炔
C .乙酸
D .苯
4.下列关于苯的叙述错误的是 ································································ ( )
A .属于不饱和烃
B .难溶于水且比水轻
C .分子中含有碳碳双键
D .不能使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色
5.CH 2CH 3CH 3CHCH 2CH 3
的命名正确的是 ·
····························································· ( ) A .2-乙基丁烷 B .3-甲基戊烷 C .2-乙基己烷 D .3-甲基己烷
6.合金是常用的材料。下列产品不属于合金制品的是 ·································· ( )
A .铁锅
B .金属门窗
C .不锈钢餐具
D .水银温度计
7.铀-235(U 235
92)是常用的核燃料,U 23592核外电子数为 ·
···························· ( ) A .327 B .235 C .143 D .92
8.易形成简单阴离子的元素是 ································································ ( )
A .O
B .Mg
C .Na
D .He
9.原子核外L 电子层最多能容纳的电子数是 ············································· ( )
A .4
B .6
C .8
D .10
10.下列物质属于电解质的是 ································································· ( )
A .Cl 2
B .KNO 3
C .SO 2
D .Al
11.二氧化碳的化学用语错误的是···························································· ( )
A .电子式:
B .分子式:CO 2
C .结构式:C=O=O D
12.氯化钠晶体熔化的过程中,破坏了 ····················································· ( )
A .离子键和金属键
B .离子键
C .共价键和离子键
D .共价键
13.常温下,将铁片投入浓H 2SO 4中,下列说法正确的是 ····························· ( )
A .不发生反应
B .铁被钝化
C .产生大量SO 2
D .产生大量H 2
C O O
14.加热时,下列反应有单质生成的是 ····················································· ( )
A .Cu 与浓硫酸
B .A1与H 2O
C .Fe 与S
D .H 2与Cl 2
15.短周期元素X 的最高价氧化物的化学式为X 2O 7,则X 为 ························ ( )
A .C
B .N
C .S
D .Cl
16.能将化学能转化为电能的是 ······························································ ( )
A .水力发电
B .风力发电
C .太阳能电池
D .铜锌原电池
17.下列物质加入水中,因水解而呈碱性的是 ············································ ( )
A .生石灰
B .熟石灰
C .纯碱
D .烧碱
18.氯、溴、碘单质的化学性质相似,原因是 ············································ ( )
A .均为有色单质
B .均为双原子分子
C .原子最外层电子数均为7
D .均可从海洋中提取
19.一定条件下,通过单质间化合可得到的是 ············································ ( )
A .FeCl 3
B .SO 3
C .Al(OH)3
D .HClO
20.pH=l 的溶液中含有Na +、Cl ―、NO 3―,还可能含有大量的 ······················· ( )
A .Fe 3+
B .Ag +
C .OH ―
D .CO 32―
21.NaOH 溶于水时,扩散过程吸收了a kJ 的热量,水合过程放出了b kJ 的热量。下列判断正确的是 ·························································································· ( )
A .a>b
B .a=b
C .a
D .无法判断
22.碘升华的过程中 ············································································· ( )
A .吸收了热量
B .化合价升高
C .破坏了化学键
D .生成了新物质
23.向下列溶液中逐滴加入NaOH 溶液至过量,先有白色沉淀生成,然后沉淀又消失的是 ········································································································· ( )
A .CuCl 2溶液
B .AlCl 3溶液
C .MgCl 2溶液
D .BaCl 2溶液
24.下列反应不能用H ++OH ―→H 2O 表示的是 ············································ ( )
A .稀盐酸中滴加NaOH 溶液
B .稀盐酸中滴加Ba(OH)2溶液
C .稀HNO 3中滴加NaOH 溶液
D .稀H 2SO 4中滴加Ba(OH)2溶液
25.将SO 2和H 2S 混合,有淡黄色固体出现,该反应中H 2S 表现出 ················ ( )
A .还原性
B .漂白性
C .酸性
D .氧化性
26.中和滴定是一种化学分析方法。用标准盐酸滴定未知浓度的氢氧化钠溶液,无需使用 的仪器是 ····························································································· ( )
27.实验室进行粗盐提纯,无需进行的操作是 ············································ ( )
A .分液
B .溶解
C .过滤
D .蒸发
28.为检验海带灰浸出液中是否含有I ―,可向溶液中加入 ····························· ( )
A .淀粉溶液
B .盐酸
C .HNO 3酸化的AgNO 3溶液
D .CCl 4
A
B
C D