口腔学英文课件：polymer material
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口腔材料学
口腔材料学Dental Material适用专业: 口腔医学专业（五年制本科）一、课程简介《口腔材料学》课程（课程编码B090025）适用于5年制口腔医学本科，通过系统理论课和实验课教学，掌握口腔科常用材料的基本性能、作用机理及常用材料的临床应用，了解口腔材料发展历史，熟悉口腔材料新的进展和发展方向，了解口腔材料的分类和标准以及口腔材料学与其它学科的关系，为临床生产实习和毕业后工作中正确选择和应用各种口腔材料打下良好基础。
本课程共36学时，1.5学分。
本学科将采用课堂讲授、实验课操作、临床见习、读书报告会等形式，充分利用计算机多媒体教学、材料样品、图片等形象化教学手段，着重培养同学独立思考、分析、解决实际问题的能力及临床应用各种材料的操作能力。
The course of dental material apply to stomatology undergraduates of five academic years form. By systemic theory lecture and experimental curriculum, students should masterbasic capabilities and clinical application of dental materials in common use, realize dental materials’ history and the great advancements in materials, and know about the relation between dental material and other subject. It helps a student to choice and utilize dental materials accurately during his hands-on courses and even become a clinician afterwards. The course includes 36 class hours which costs 1.5 credits.The course will adopt several teaching forms as follows: systemic theory lecture, experiment, clinical noviciate and reading and reporting conference. Means of teaching are vivid , such as multimedia, material samples, photographs. The course emphasize to educate the ability of thinking independently, the ability of resolving factual problem , and the ability of clinical manipulating materials.二、教学内容与要求第一章总论掌握：口腔材料性能的一些基本概念，口腔材料的分类。
口腔学英文课件：Etiology_and_pathogenesis
Protective functions: a. Reservoir of ions eg., calcium, phosphate and
fluoride ions b. Acts as a semi-permeable membrane.
(imp in demineralisation- remineralisation, allows ion exchange) c. Restricts diffusion of acids - protects enamel from minor acid attack d. Lubricant - can protect tooth from wear e. Antibacterial factors – IgA, Lysozyme
What is the ‘white stuff’ present on the labial surfaces of the lower anterior eeth?
How does the white stuff form ?
Why are the labial surfaces of the teeth partly brown ?
the majority of oral bacteria) Mucosa (K, non-K) teeth (non-shedding area) gingival crevice, saliva (contains up to 108 bacteria/ml), tonsils. Prosthodontic and orthodontic appliances
Periodontology
Etiology of periodontal diseases
Bacteria exist in different shapes
fluoride ions b. Acts as a semi-permeable membrane.
(imp in demineralisation- remineralisation, allows ion exchange) c. Restricts diffusion of acids - protects enamel from minor acid attack d. Lubricant - can protect tooth from wear e. Antibacterial factors – IgA, Lysozyme
What is the ‘white stuff’ present on the labial surfaces of the lower anterior eeth?
How does the white stuff form ?
Why are the labial surfaces of the teeth partly brown ?
the majority of oral bacteria) Mucosa (K, non-K) teeth (non-shedding area) gingival crevice, saliva (contains up to 108 bacteria/ml), tonsils. Prosthodontic and orthodontic appliances
Periodontology
Etiology of periodontal diseases
Bacteria exist in different shapes
口腔学英文课件：THE COMPLETE CAST CROWN PREPARATION
9
Indications
The complete cast crown is indicated on teeth that exhibit extensive coronal destruction by caries or trauma. It is the restoration of choice whenever maximum retention and resistance are needed.
6
Disadvantages
Because all coronal surfaces are involved in the preparation for a complete cast crown, removal of tooth structure is extensive and can have adverse effects on the pulp and periodontium.
非中央尖)
2
Advantages
Because all axial surfaces of the tooth are included in the preparation, the complete cast crown has greater retention than a more conservative restoration on the same tooth (e.g., a seven-eighths or threequarter crown ).
3
4
Normally, a complete cast crown preparation also has greater resistance form than does a partial-coverage restoration on the same tooth. For a partial veneer crown to rotate off the tooth, only the tooth structure immediately lingual to the occlusal portion of the proximal groove or box need fail. However, if the axial walls of a complete cast crown have been prepared with the proper degree of taper or convergence , a significant amount of tooth structure must fail before the crown can be torqued off.
Indications
The complete cast crown is indicated on teeth that exhibit extensive coronal destruction by caries or trauma. It is the restoration of choice whenever maximum retention and resistance are needed.
6
Disadvantages
Because all coronal surfaces are involved in the preparation for a complete cast crown, removal of tooth structure is extensive and can have adverse effects on the pulp and periodontium.
非中央尖)
2
Advantages
Because all axial surfaces of the tooth are included in the preparation, the complete cast crown has greater retention than a more conservative restoration on the same tooth (e.g., a seven-eighths or threequarter crown ).
3
4
Normally, a complete cast crown preparation also has greater resistance form than does a partial-coverage restoration on the same tooth. For a partial veneer crown to rotate off the tooth, only the tooth structure immediately lingual to the occlusal portion of the proximal groove or box need fail. However, if the axial walls of a complete cast crown have been prepared with the proper degree of taper or convergence , a significant amount of tooth structure must fail before the crown can be torqued off.
口腔学英文课件：Impression Material
Non-elastic impression material (非弹性印模材料)
(一) Impression copund (印模膏)
- Non-elastic - Reversible - Soften by heat
Using
low-flowability, hard ↓
- For preliminary impression - For custom-tray
Natrium phosphoricum, - Packing(填料): Talcum powder, Diatomite
Increase strength and hardness. - Thickening agent (增稠剂): Borax - Correctant (矫味剂): Essence - Preservative (防腐剂): Tnymol
Impression Materials (印模材料)
Definition of Impressions
Impressions are negative reproductions of dental structures.
Introduction
Impression materials are used to obtain an impression of teeth and/or the surrounding oral tissues.
Property
- Good flowability - Good elasticity - Strength: ADA standard 0.35MPa - Dimensional stability:
In order to avoid the change, we must fill mold as soon as possible after impressing. - Clotting time (ADA standard): RT20-22℃, 2-5min
【大学课件】牙科材料dental material
固定局部义齿用合金 vs.
金合金
优点： 强 度、硬 度 较 高 成本较低廉
缺点： 硬 度 高 造 成 咬 合 调 整 不易 磨光费时 技术较复杂且耗时 造 成 技 术 费 用 比 金 合 金 贵 昂。
人工植牙用合金 (Dental Implant Alloys)
早期为医疗级不锈钢材料 物理性质 抗腐蚀能力 生物相容性
17人工植牙用合金dentalimplantalloys18人工植牙用合金dentalimplantalloys镍铬钴合金两者电化学性质均属于稳定表面易形成氧化膜并钝化钛和钛合金表面氧化形成二氧化钛具备更优良的化学钝性抗腐蚀能力更好19汞齐合金amalgamalloys20汞齐合金amalgamalloys汞齐合金主要是由一种特殊成分的合金粉末与液态汞金属混合而成之其中的混合反应过程称之为混汞作用21汞齐合金amalgamalloys牙科陶瓷复形体的设计减少拉张应力避免应力集中23陶瓷定义范围包括硅酸盐氧化物碳化物氮化物硫化物硼化物等有些陶瓷含有金属离子如氧化铝有些则无如碳化硅24组成成分硅土sio21
固定局部义齿用合金 (Fixed Partial Denture Alloys)
铸造陶瓷镶面固定复形体的背架 金属牙冠牙
固定局部义齿用合金 (Fixed Partial Denture Alloys)
镍 铬 合 金 (镍62~82% ; 铬11~20%) 钴 铬 合 金 (钴53~65% ; 铬15~32%)
以样本聚合前后苯环上的C=C双键 (1610 cm¯¹) 当作内在参考值，侦 测比较丙烯酸甲脂〔methacrylate〕的C=C双键 (1640 cm¯¹) 附近于 聚合后的衰减情形，藉此直接获得树脂的聚合程度。
2.5-Dichloroacetophenone
口腔有机高分子材料
不足：
1）牙髓刺激（残余MMA单体，反应放热） ； 2 ）边缘裂隙（固化收缩，热胀系数），形成 继发龋； 3）机械性能低于天然牙齿组织
八年制教材 2006年2月
5
Composition resin
树脂基质 无机填料 赋予可塑性、固化特性和强度
增加强度和耐磨性 引发单体聚合固化 保证有效使用期 着色剂、紫外吸收剂等
化学固化（BPO+DHET） 光固化 （CQ+胺+光照） 阻聚剂（2，6—二叔丁基对甲苯酚） 着色剂 （金属氧化物 ） 产生自由基，引发加成聚合反应
引发系统
其他成分
防止材料预聚合 赋予材料仿真的色泽
一、树脂基质 resin matrix
• 复合树脂的主体部分，15-50%。 • 主要作用：将复合树脂的各组分粘附结合在一起， 赋予其可塑性、固化特性和强度。 • 基础树脂和稀释剂组成。聚合收缩是一大缺陷。
二、热处理：化学反应过程
第十三章 树脂基充填材料
生物安全性
齿科充填材料 Dental filling materials
在治疗龋病的过程中，用于 充填窝洞并能恢复缺损牙体 的形状及功能的材料。
操作性能
理化性能
外 观
按组成分：金属类、树脂类和水门汀类
按临床应用分：暂时性和永久性充填材料
树脂基充填、修复材料 Resin-based filling, restorative materials
于后牙修复。
复合树脂的分类
Inorganic filler
传统型或大颗粒型 超微型
microfilled
小颗粒型
small particle
Conventional or macrofilled
口腔学英文课件：introduction
★ The clinical significance of color of oral materials
- Aesthetic denture materials must have light transmission performance.
- Color must be considered when the color of the surrounding environment.
2. Filling and tooth difference of thermal expansion coefficient has an effect on treatment effect. 充填体与牙体热膨胀系数的差别对于治疗效果有影响。
Physical properties (物理性能)
(四) By application site
1. Implanted to body 2. Non-implanted to body
standardization
Production
Standard
Application
Organizations of Standardization for oral materials
Crown（enamel） Root（dentin） glass ionomer cement
Dentin
Gold alloy Amalgam Ti-alloy Cobalt-chromium alloy 钴铬合金
LEC 11.4 8.3 10.2～11.4
8.3 12～15.5 22～28
12.4 14.1-14.7
Classification
(二) By application
最新口腔有机高分子材料概述、印模材料1讲学课件
考点17 while引导的从句
难点诠释 典型例题
◆
◆
▼难 点 诠 释
while用法（1）
当while翻译成“当/在…时候”的意思时，从句中的谓语 动词必须延续性动词。 ◆ Please don’t talk so loud while others are working. 别人在工作时，别高声谈话。 ◆ My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.
➢ 晶态：熔融温度是其使用的上限温度
➢ 无定型结构： 玻璃态 高弹态
粘流态
玻璃化温度
粘流温度
玻璃化温度是无定型塑料使用的上限温度，橡 胶使用的下限温度
六、聚合物的生产
天然聚合物多是从自然界植物中制取 合成聚合物是低分子单体经聚合反应制 得的，生产方法有本体聚合、溶液聚合、 悬浮聚合、乳液聚合等
一、 概 述
玻璃态玻璃态玻璃化温度玻璃化温度粘流温度粘流温度玻璃化温度是无定型塑料使用的上限温度橡玻璃化温度是无定型塑料使用的上限温度橡胶使用的下限温度胶使用的下限温度天然聚合物多是从自然界植物中制取天然聚合物多是从自然界植物中制取合成聚合物是低分子单体经聚合反应制合成聚合物是低分子单体经聚合反应制得的生产方法有本体聚合溶液聚合得的生产方法有本体聚合溶液聚合悬浮聚合乳液聚合等悬浮聚合乳液聚合等印模是物体的阴模
以上是由于印模材料反应造成的精确性改变，实际 上，对印模效果的精确性影响最大的是印模材料在 凝固后所拥有的机械性能，特别是弹性(elastic properties)和抗撕裂强度(tear resistance).
➢ 在分离印模时，由于不规则的表面有不同厚度的材 料和受不同压缩或张力的处理，此时印模材料如拥 有优良的弹性回复性能则可以获得理想印模。
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Light-curing type
Light curing denture base resin is a single component, doughy plasticity material, and similar with light cured composite resin.
Composition
Denture Polymers (高分子材料)
Introduction
Denture polymers are polymeric materials that used to reconstruct the oral and maxillofacial defects.
Types of dental polymers
Types Байду номын сангаасf dental base resins
- Heat-curing - Self-curing - Light-curing - Thermoplastic injection
Heat-curing type
(≥65℃ for curing)
Composition
- liquid for denture acrylic: Methyl methyacrylate (MMA), is the materials for
15-20min
(4) Doughy stage面团期：
sustain 5 min
Best time for filling into type box.
(5)Rubber stage橡胶期
(6)Hard stage
Mix
Fill into type box
Heating for solidification
Copolymerized power
MMA, ethyl acrylate(EA) and methyl acrylate (MA) copolymerize. Soluted in monomers quick.
Usable method
- Powder : water = 3:1(volume) 2:1(weight)
- Denture base resins 义齿基托树脂 - Denture lining materials 义齿重衬材料 - Maxillofacial prosthetic materials 颌面缺 损修复材料 - Plastic teeth 义齿用塑料牙
Denture base resins
Composition
- liquid for denture acrylic: methyl methyacrylate (MMA)
- dental base acrylic resin powder: Homopolymer powder or copolymerized power of MMA
the properties of denture base resin.
Homopolymer powder
It is composed of MMA made by suspension polymerization, and is very stable at room temperature, more than 130 ℃ can be thermoplastic processing, 180 ~ 190 ℃ began to depolymerization of MMA.
contents(wt％)
contents(wt％)
Resin base
Reactive diluent
PMMA Crosslinke
d powder
30～40 5～10
35～40
Mineral filler
Light initiator
Color and red fiber
10～15 microscale
1. Good biological safety 2. Good chemical stability 3. Good mechanical properties 4. Simple-operating 5. Easily repair 6. Good appearance 8. Cheap price
small amount
Denture base is the main component of removable partial denture and complete denture. It covers in the edentulous alveolar ridge and the hard palate.
Property of denture base resins
- Put liquid in porcelain/glass cup, then put power until the liquid just cover the power
(1) Wet sand stage湿砂期
(2) Boiling stage稀糊期 (3) Sticky silk stage黏丝期
70～75℃ 90min 100℃ 30～60min
Heating rise
too fast
Ratio of power and liquid not
proper
Time of filling wrong
Bubble in
base
Stress
not enough
Self-curing type
(room temperature curing denture base resin)
synthesis of polymethyl methacrylate, poly methyl methyacrylate, (PMMA).
CH3 CH2 C
O C O CH3
Composition
- dental base acrylic resin powder: Homopolymer powder or copolymerized power of MMA. Denture powder is the main factor that determines