上海市嘉定区2019届高三下学期质量调研(二模)生命科学试题
嘉定区 2018 学生年命度科等学级试考卷第二次质量调研2019.4考生注意：1. 试卷满分 100 分，考试时间 60 分钟。
2. 本考试分设试卷和答题纸。
试卷包括两部分，第一部分全部为选择题，第二部分为综合题，包括填空题、选择题和简答题等题型。
3. 考生应用 2B 铅笔、钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接写在答题纸上。
一、选择题（共 40 分，每小题 2 分。
每小题只有一个正确答案） 1. 下列化合物可能存在图 1 所示结构的是 H A ．脂肪B ．胰岛素C NC ．DNAD ．肝糖原O图 12. 某学生研究小组欲测定某品牌氨基酸饮料中是否含有蛋白质，可选用的试剂是A ．班氏试剂B ．苏丹 III 染液C ．双缩脲试剂D ．碘液3. 红细胞膜内 K +浓度是膜外的 30 倍，膜外 Na +浓度是膜内的 6 倍，维持 K +、Na +分布不均的是膜上的 A ．受体B ．载体蛋白C ．磷脂D ．糖蛋白4．ATP 的结构式可用图 2 表示，其中高能磷酸键的部位是A —P —P — P① ② ③图 2A.仅①处B.仅③处C.①和②处D.②和③处5．图 2 为人体内葡萄糖氧化分解的某一途径，其中过程②进行的场所位于①② ③图 3A ．细胞质基质B ．线粒体内膜C ．线粒体基质D ．线粒体外膜6．下列措施属于切断乙型肝炎传播途径的是 A ．隔离病人 B ．消毒餐具C ．锻炼身体D ．接种疫苗7. 用不同实验材料分别对燕麦的胚芽鞘进行以下如图研究实验，图中所示实验前后胚芽鞘的生长情况，正确的是A B C D148. 草原物种多样性可用样方法调查，下列做法正确的是①在植物密集处选取样方地 ②根据植物密度确定样方面积③统计样方内植物物种数 ④统计样方内每一种植物的个体数A ．①③ B ．②④ C．②③④ D．①②④9. 某研究小组先对大鼠进行 48 小时的限制饮水，每次播放音乐时给大鼠供水，多次训练后大鼠听到音乐会做出饮水动作，建立了大鼠饮水奖赏条件反射。
该实验研究中音乐对于实验前大鼠和实验后大鼠来说分别是A ．无关刺激和条件刺激B ．条件刺激和无关刺激C ．非条件刺激和条件刺激D ．非条件刺激和无关刺激10. 图 4 是一低等海洋动物完成某反射的反射弧模式图。
下列叙述正确的是A ．①处只要受到刺激，便能引起②的反应B ．b 处给予适宜刺激，引起②的反应属于反射C ．兴奋每传递一次都会导致突触前膜的面积减少D ．a 处和c 处的传导分别是生物电传导和化学物质传导11. 在光合作用中，RuBP 羧化酶能催化CO 2+C 5→2C 3。
为测定RuBP 羧化酶的活性，某学习小组从菠菜叶中提取该酶，用其催化 C 5 与 14CO 2 的反应，并检测产物 14C 3 的放射性强度。
下列分析错．误．的是 A . RuBP 羧化酶催化的上述反应过程为 CO 2的固定B . RuBP 羧化酶催化的上述反应需要在无光条件下进行C . 测定 RuBP 羧化酶活性的过程中运用了同位素标记法D . 单位时间内 C 3 生成量越多说明 RuBP 羧化酶活性越高12. 图 5 为生物细胞中遗传信息传递与表达过程示意图，数字表示过程，相关判断正确的是甲图 5A.①是转录B.②是逆转录C.③是翻译D.甲是肽链13. 蟒蛇外形上没有四肢，但它的体内还保留着后肢骨的残余，说明蟒蛇是起源于有四肢 的动物。
这属于生物进化的A ．胚胎学证据B ．比较解剖学证据C ．生物化学证据D ．古生物化石证据14．图 6 为某二倍体动物（2n=8）一个正在进行分裂的细胞，则该细胞A ．含 8 条染色单体B ．为次级精母细胞C ．含 4 个染色体组m m o l lD ．处于减数第二次分裂图 615. 在“观察蚕豆叶下表皮”实验中，低倍镜视野下观测到保卫细胞位于视野右下角，欲 在高倍镜视野下进一步清晰观察该细胞，下列操作过程中错．误．的是 A.移动载玻片 B.换为低倍镜 C.换为高倍镜 D.调节细调节器16. 猫叫综合征患者的 5 号染色体组成和正常人体的 5 号染色体组成如图 7，据图 7 判断 猫叫综合征的变异类型是正常猫叫综合征患者图 7A.基因突变B.基因重组C.染色体易位D.染色体片段缺失17．图 8 为健康人餐后血糖变化曲线，图中 a 点时体内的激素分泌状况是A. 胰岛素和胰高血糖素分泌均减少B. 胰岛素和胰高血糖素分泌均增加/ 血 8糖 浓 4C. 胰岛素分泌减少；胰高血糖素分泌增加 （ 度D. 胰岛素分泌增加；胰高血糖素分泌减少图 8餐后时间（h ）18. 图 9 示人体某细胞及发生在其中的部分代谢过程，下列叙述中错．误．的是A ．该细胞是肝细胞或者是脂肪细胞B. 该细胞中的代谢可以受胰高血糖素的调节C. 该细胞中甘油三酯以VLDL 的形式运送至血液图 9D. 该细胞能将胆固醇加工成胆汁酸后再排出体外19. 图 10 表示雌果蝇的卵原细胞及其 X 染色体上部分基因的位置，该果蝇产生卵细胞的基因型及比例可能是A ．X HE：X he：X hE：X He=1:1:1 :1 B ．X hE：X He=1:1C ．X HE：X he：X hE：X He=8:8:42:42 D ．X HE：X he：X hE：X He=42：42：8：820. 表 1 表示控制秃顶这一性状的不同基因型在男女性别中的表现情况。
下列判断正确的是表 1基因型表现型女男 BB 秃顶 秃顶 Bb 正常 秃顶 bb正常正常A．秃顶性状的遗传与红绿色盲遗传方式相同B．控制这一性状的基因不遵循基因的分离定律C.控制秃顶性状的基因是显性基因，且为不完全显性D.基因型为 Bb 的男女表现型不同，原因可能是基因的表达受环境影响二、综合题（共 60 分）（一）回答有关细胞的问题。
（12 分）图 1 为人体细胞部分结构及某些生理过程示意图。
图中 1～5 表示结构，a～f 代表生理过程；图 2 为人体部分细胞变化情况，请据图回答下列问题：丁图12图1121.（2 分）人体细胞与蓝藻细胞相比，其最主要的区别是。
22.（2 分）自由基是细胞正常代谢过程中产生的有害物质。
当自由基攻击生物膜的组成成分磷脂分子时，很可能损伤的结构有_____________ (填图11 中数字)。
23.（3 分）图11 中过程 a 和d 所示生命活动的完成依赖于结构 5 的特性，若该细胞为吞噬细胞，过程a→b→c 所示过程属于的免疫类型是A.特异性免疫B.非特异性免疫C.细胞免疫D.体液免疫24.（2 分）若该细胞为浆细胞，则抗体分泌的过程是A. a→b→cB. e→b→cC. e→dD. e→d→f25.（3 分）图 12 中细胞丁、戊的核遗传物质、mRNA 和蛋白质的是否存在差异，并说明原因。
（二）回答有关人体内环境的问题。
（12 分）肾小管上皮细胞主要利用细胞膜上的“水通道蛋白”重吸收原尿中的水分。
图 13 简要表示体温调节及抗利尿激素促进肾小管细胞重吸收水分的调节机制。
字母表示溶液，罗马数字表示过程。
IVIII刺激I下丘I 脑I垂体释放甲状腺A释放特异性受体AMPATPC酶DNA储存水通道蛋白的囊泡肾小管上皮细胞甲状腺素抗利尿激素水通道蛋白图 1326．（2 分）图中 B 是指内环境成分中的 ；图中构成肾小管上皮细胞的内环境的是 （用字母回答）。
27．（2 分）图中储存水通道蛋白的囊泡结构与下列结构最相似的是 。
A ．染色体B ．钠离子载体C ．突触小泡D ．抗原受体28．（2 分）使图中过程 II 加强的刺激是（多选）。
A ．细胞外液渗透压升高B ．细胞外液渗透压降低C ．外界环境温度升高D ．外界环境温度降低29．（3 分）图中过程 III 和过程 IV 对垂体和下丘脑的作用都是 （抑制/促进）作用，这种调节称为 调节。
30．（3 分）据图 13 可知抗利尿激素作用于肾小管上皮细胞后，会改变了细胞中某些酶的活性，请分析这些酶活性改变后，促进肾小管上皮细胞对水重吸收的作用机理。
图题： （三）回答有关基因工程的问题。
（12 分）科学家将人的生长激素基因与某质粒进行重组，将得到的重组质粒导入受体菌，经筛选后获得含重组质粒受体菌。
图 14 表示人生长激素基因的定位及所用质粒有关信息。
请据图回答下列问31.（2 分）基于上述信息，该项基因工程的目的基因是 。
32.（2 分）如同时用图中三种限制酶完全切割图中质粒和含目的基因的 DNA 的片段，分别可 得 到 个 DNA 片 段 。
A ．3 和 3B ．3 和 4C ．4 和 3D ．4 和 433.（2 分）为了让目的基因与质粒 DNA 合理重组，同时便于筛选重组质粒，选用的限制酶最 可 能 为 。
A ．酶E 和酶 GB ．酶F 和酶 GC ．只用酶ED ．只用酶G为了得到含重组质粒的受体菌，需要对导入操作后的受体菌进行培养筛选，图 15 分别表示受体菌接种在 A 、B 不同培养基中的培养过程。
34.（2 分）图 15 中A 、B 培养基一般为 （固体/液体）培养基。
35.（2 分）所选用受体菌的相关要求是 。
A ．需要含有 Ap r，不能含有 Tc rB ．需要含有 Tc r，不能含有 Ap rC ．需要含有 Ap r和 Tc rD ．不能含有 Ap r和Tc r36.（2 分）若能成功筛选，结合图 14、图 15，请描述 A 、B 两个培养基中存活受体菌的差异？22B （四）回答有关绿色植物物质转化和能量代谢的问题。
（12分）巨桉原产澳大利亚东部沿海，其凋落叶分解过程中会释放某些小分子有机物。
为研究这些小分子有机物对菊苣幼苗生长的影响，科研人员采集新鲜凋落的巨桉树叶，与土壤混合后置于花盆中，将菊苣种子播种其中，出苗一段时间后测定菊苣各项生长指标，结果见表 2。
图16是叶绿体内部分代谢示意图。
请分析回答：分组凋落叶含量植株干重 表 2光合色素含量净光合速率C 5羧化形成C 3效率 （g /盆） （g /10株） （mg /g ） （μm olCO /m 2/s ） （μm olCO /m 2/s ）光37．（1 分）本实验的对照组是 ____________ 。
38．（3 分）针对该研究，下列实验步骤中可选用的步骤是 ____ 。
①称取一定量的新鲜凋落巨桉树叶。
②称取每组菊苣的干重。
O 2CO 2A AC3C 5C 6③称取一定量的灭过菌的土壤。
④在混合后的土壤中每组放入等量的菊苣种子。
⑤将甲组放在黑暗中，乙组丙组放置在不同的光照下，三组的温度均适宜。
⑥定时定量的浇水。
图 1639（2 分）光合色素的含量和 C 5羧化形成 C 3效率分别可影响图 16 中 （A/B ）处和（A/B ）处的反应。
40.（2 分）据表分析，乙组的净光合速率大于丙组的原因可能有 。
上海市嘉定区2019年高三第二学期期中(二模)学科质量检测生命科学试题
嘉定区2018~2019学年度第二学期高中等级考模拟质量调研高三年级生命科学学科试卷2019. 4考生注意：1．本试卷满分l00分，考试时间60分钟。
2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求；所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（综合题）在答题纸上；做在试卷上一律不得分。
3．答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
4．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
一、选择题（本题共40分，每小题2分，只有一个正确选项）1. 下列化合物可能存在图1所示结构的是A. 脂防B. 胰岛素C. DNAD. 肝糖原2. 某学生研究小组欲测定某品牌氮基酸饮料中是否含有蛋白质，可选用的试剂是A. 班氏试剂B. 苏丹III染液C. 双缩脲试剂D. 碘液3. 红细胞膜内K浓度是膜外的30倍，膜外Na浓度是膜内的6倍，维特K、Na分布不均的是膜上的A. 受体B. 载体蛋白C. 磷脂D. 糖蛋白4. ATP的结构式可用图2表示，其中高能磷酸键的部位是A. 仅①处B. 仅③处C. ①和②处D. ②和③处5. 图3为人体内葡萄糖氧化分解的某一途径，其中过程②进行的场所位于A. 细胞质基质B. 线粒体内膜C. 线粒体基质D. 线粒体外膜6. 下列措施属于切断乙型肝炎传播途径的是A. 隔离病人B. 消毒餐具C. 锻炼身体D. 接种疫苗7. 用不同实验材料分别对燕麦的胚芽鞘进行以下如图研究实验，图中所示实验前后胚芽鞘的生长情况，正确的是8. 草原物种多样性可用样方法调查，下列做法正俑的是①在植物密集选取样方地②根据植物密度确定样方面积③统计样方内植物物种数④统计样方内每一种植物的个体数A. ①③B. ②④C. ②③④D. ①②④9. 某研究小组先对大鼠进行48小时的限制饮水，每次播放音乐时给大叔供水，多次训练后大鼠听到音乐会做出饮水动作，建立了大鼠饮水奖赏条件反射。
嘉定区2019学年等级考第二次质量调研测试 带答案
嘉定区2019学年等级考第二次质量调研测试物理试卷考生注意：1．试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟．2．本考试分设试卷和答题纸．试卷包括三部分，第一部分为选择题，第二部分为填空题，第三部分为综合题．3．作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分．第一部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域，第二、三部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置．一、选择题（第1-8小题，每小题3分；第9-12小题，每小题4分，共40分．每小题只有一个正确答案）高三物理试卷共 5 页第 1 页二、填空题（共20分）15．如图所示，把一负电荷从电场中的A点移到B点，其电势能____增大；__（填“增大”、“减小”或“不变”），理由是：_________负电荷从A移动到B克服电场力做功，电势能增大（从A到B，顺电场线方向移动，电势降低，又因为负电荷，根据Ep=qφ，电势能增大）_____________________________________________________________________________________________。
16．一列简谐波沿x轴传播，t=1s时与t=3s时在x轴上0~6m区间内的波形相同，如图所示，则该波的最小传播速度为___2____m/s; 在t=7s时，1m处的质点偏离平衡位置的位移为____2___cm。
17．如图（a）所示，一质量m=2kg的物体在水平推力F作用下由静止开始运动，水平推力F随位移s变化的图像如图（b）所示。
已知物体与地面之间的动摩擦因数μ=0.5，则运动过程中物体的最大加速度a=___20__m/s2；距出发点s’=___4___m时物体的速度达到最大。
（g=10m/s2）F（a）s/mF/N（b）550O6x/my/cm2-224O高三物理试卷共 5 页第 2 页高三物理试卷 共 5 页 第 3 三、综合题（第18题11分，第19题13分，第20题16分，共40分）注意：第19、20题在列式计算、逻辑推理以及回答问题过程中，要求给出必要的图示、文字说明、公式、演算等． 18．（10分）某同学想在家做“单摆测定重力加速度”的实验，但没有合适的摆球，他找来一块体积约为3 cm 3、外形不规则的金属块代替摆球，用细线将金属块系好并悬挂于O 点，金属块与细线结点为M ，如右图所示。
2019届上海市长宁区、嘉定区高三下学期教学质量检测（二模）数学试题
2019届上海市长宁区、嘉定区高三下学期教学质量检测（二模）数学试题一、单选题1．“2x =”是“1x ≥”的（ ）A ．充分非必要条件B ．必要非充分条件C ．充分必要条件D ．既非充分也非必要条件【答案】A【解析】根据不等式的关系，结合充分条件和必要条件的定义进行判断即可．【详解】解：当x ＝2时，满足x ≥1，当x ＝3时，满足x ≥1但x ＝2不成立，即“x ＝2”是“x ≥1”的充分不必要条件，故选A ．【点睛】本题主要考查充分条件和必要条件的判断，结合不等式的关系是解决本题的关键． 2．参数方程22342x t y t ⎧=+⎨=-⎩（t 为参数，且03t ≤≤）所表示的曲线是（ ） A ．直线B ．圆弧C ．线段D ．双曲线的一支【答案】C【解析】根据题意，由参数方程中t 的范围分析可得x 、y 的范围，结合参数方程消去参数可得x ﹣3y ＝10，结合x 、y 的范围分析可得答案．【详解】 解：根据题意，参数方程22342x t y t ⎧=+⎨=-⎩，若0≤t ≤3， 则有：4≤x ≤31，﹣2≤y ≤7，又由参数方程22342x t y t ⎧=+⎨=-⎩，则y +213=（x ﹣4），即x ﹣3y ＝10， 又由4≤x ≤31，﹣2≤y ≤7，则参数方程表示的是线段；故选C ．【点睛】本题考查参数方程与普通方程的转化，注意消参时t 的取值范围．3．点P 在边长为1的正方形ABCD 的边上运动，M 是CD 的中点，则当P 沿A B C M ---运动时，点P 经过的路程x 与APM ∆的面积y 的函数()y f x =的图象的形状大致是图中的（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．【答案】A【解析】由于题中三角形在三段线段上对应面积的表达式有区别，故应分01x ≤≤，12x <≤，2 2.5x <≤三段进行讨论，表示出对应的APM ∆的面积与自变量x 的关系式，再结合图形判断即可【详解】①当点P 在AB 上时，如图：()1110122y x x x =⨯⨯=≤≤. ②当点P 在BC 上时，如图：∵1PB x =-，2PC x =-，∴ADM ABP PCM ABCD y S S S S ∆∆∆=---正方形()()1111111222222x x =-⨯---⨯⨯-1344x =-+，∴()131244y x x =-+<≤. ③当点P 在CM 上时，如图，∵ 2.5MP x =-，∴()()1152.52 2.5224y x x x =-=-+<≤. 综上①②③，得到的三个函数都是一次函数，由一次函数的图象与性质可以确定y 与x 的图形．只有A 的图象是三个一次函数，且在第二段上y 随x 的增大而减小， 故选：A ．【点睛】本题考查分段函数在几何图形中的应用，将图形关系转化成函数关系，结合几何关系表示出三角形面积是解题关键，属于中档题4．在计算机语言中，有一种函数()y INT x =叫做取整函数(也叫高斯函数)，它表示y 等于不超过x 的最大整数，如()0.90INT =， ()3.143INT =，已知2107n n a INT ⎛⎫=⨯ ⎪⎝⎭，111,10n n n b a b a a -==-（*n N ∈，且2n ≥），则2018b =( ) A ．2B ．5C ．7D ．8 【答案】D【解析】分析：根据题意得到数列{}n b 项，通过观察可得数列的周期性，然后根据周期性求值即可．详解：∵2107n n a INT ⎛⎫=⨯ ⎪⎝⎭，111,10n n n b a b a a -==-（*n N ∈，且2n ≥）， ∴11222,28,?281028a b a b ====-⨯=， 同理可得3456785,7,1,4,2,8,b b b b b b ======∴6n n b b +=，即数列{}n b 的周期为6．∴20183366228b b b ⨯+===．故选D ．点睛：本题考查数列周期性的判定和应用，考查学生的应用意识和解决问题的能力，解题的关键是通过给出的新定义结合列举得到数列{}n b 的周期，然后再利用周期求值．二、填空题5．已知集合1,2,,2,4A m B ，若{}1,2,3,4A B =，则实数m =____________．【答案】3【解析】利用并集概念直接求参数即可.【详解】∵集合1,2,,2,4Am B ，且{}1,2,3,4A B =，∴3m =，故答案为3【点睛】本题考查并集概念及运算，属于基础题. 6．1n x x ⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭的展开式中的第3项为常数项，则正整数n =____________． 【答案】4【解析】写出二项展开式的通项，结合已知可得r ＝2时，x 的指数为0，则答案可求．【详解】 解：211()r n r r r n r r n n T C x C x x--+=⋅⋅=⋅． ∵展开式中的第3项为常数项，∴n ﹣4＝0，得n ＝4．故答案为4．【点睛】本题考查二项式系数的性质，关键是熟记二项展开式的通项，是基础题．7．已知复数z 满足243z i （i 为虚数单位），则z =____________．【解析】直接把等式两边求模，然后开方即可求得|z |．【详解】解：由z 2＝3+4i ，得|z 2|＝|z |2=5，∴|z |=【点睛】本题考查了复数代数形式的乘方运算，考查了复数模的概念，是基础题．8．已知平面直角坐标系xOy 中动点(,)P x y 到定点(1,0)的距离等于P 到定直线1x =-的距离，则点P 的轨迹方程为____________．【答案】24y x =【解析】根据已知条件利用抛物线的定义，即可写出动点P 的轨迹方程．【详解】解：∵动点P （x ，y ）到定点（1，0）的距离等于P 到定直线x ＝﹣1的距离，满足抛物线的定义，∴p ＝2，所以y 2＝4x所以动点P 的轨迹方程为：y 2＝4x ．故答案为y 2＝4x ．【点睛】本题考查点的轨迹方程的求法，考查了抛物线的定义的应用，是基本知识的考查． 9．已知数列{}n a 是首项为1，公差为2的等差数列，n S 是其前n 项和，则2lim n n nS a →∞=__________． 【答案】14【解析】根据等差数列的定义求出数列的通项公式和前n 项和公式，利用极限的定义进行求解即可．【详解】等差数列的通项公式a n ＝1+2（n ﹣1）＝2n ﹣1，前n 项和公式S n ＝n ()12n n -+⨯2＝n +n 2﹣n ＝n 2， 则222221(21)4414n n n n nS n n lim lim lim a n n n →∞→∞→∞===--+， 故答案为：14． 【点睛】本题主要考查数列极限的求解，结合等差数列的通项公式和前n 项和公式是解决本题的关键．10．设变量满足约束条件1{40340x x y x y ≥+-≤-+≤，则目标函数3z x y =-的最大值为 . 【答案】【解析】试题分析：作出平面区域如图，易知目标函数3z x y =-在A 处取得最大值，又由得，故A(2，2)，目标函数3z x y =-的最大值为【考点】线性规划11．将圆心角为23π，面积为3π的扇形作为圆锥的侧面，则圆锥的体积等于_________. 【答案】22π3【解析】设圆锥的母线为l ，底面半径为r ，223,33l l ππ=⨯∴=，又223,1,3r r ππ=⨯∴=∴圆锥的高是223122,h =-=∴圆锥的表面积是24S r rl πππ=+=，圆锥的体积是22112212333V r h πππ==⨯⨯⨯=，故答案为2π3. 12．三棱锥P ABC -及其三视图中的主视图和左视图如图所示，则棱PB 的长为____________．【答案】2【解析】由主视图知CP⊥平面ABC、B点在AC上的射影为AC中点及AC长，由左视图可知CP长及△ABC中边AC的高，利用勾股定理即可求出棱BP的长．【详解】解：由主视图知CP⊥平面ABC，设AC中点为E，则BE⊥AC，且AE＝CE＝2；由左视图知CP＝4，BE＝3在Rt△BCE中，BC22BE EC=+=4，在Rt△BCP中，BP22BC CP=+=2．故答案为2【点睛】本题考查点、线、面间的距离计算，考查空间图形的三视图，考查学生的空间想象能力，考查学生分析解决问题的能力．13．某商场举行购物抽奖促销活动，规定每位顾客从装有0、1、2、3的四个相同小球的抽奖箱中，每次取出一球记下编号后放回（连续取两次），若取出的两个小球的编号相加之和等于6，则中一等奖，等于5中二等奖，等于4或3中三等奖，则顾客抽奖中三等奖的概率为____________．【答案】7 16【解析】基本事件总数n＝4×4＝16，利用列举法求出顾客抽奖中三等奖包含的基本事件有7种，由此能求出顾客抽奖中三等奖的概率．【详解】解：规定每位顾客从装有0、1、2、3的四个相同小球的抽奖箱中，每次取出一球记下编号后放回（连续取两次），若取出的两个小球的编号相加之和等于6，则中一等奖，等于5中二等奖，等于4或3中三等奖，基本事件总数n＝4×4＝16，顾客抽奖中三等奖包含的基本事件有：（0，3），（3，0），（1，2），（2，1），（1，3），（3，1），（2，2），共7种， ∴顾客抽奖中三等奖的概率为p 716=． 故答案为716． 【点睛】本题考查概率的求法，考查列举法等基础知识，考查运算求解能力，考查函数与方程思想，是基础题．14．已知函数2()lg 1f x x ax 的定义域为R ，则实数a 的取值范围是____________．【答案】[1,1]-【解析】根据对数函数的真数大于0，得出21x ++ax ＞0恒成立，利用构造函数法结合图象求出不等式恒成立时a 的取值范围．【详解】解：函数f （x ）＝lg （21x ++ax ）的定义域为R ，∴21x ++ax ＞0恒成立， ∴21x +-＞ax 恒成立，设y 21x =+，x ∈R ，y 2﹣x 2＝1，y ≥1；它表示焦点在y 轴上的双曲线的一支，且渐近线方程为y ＝±x ； 令y ＝﹣ax ，x ∈R ；它表示过原点的直线；由题意知，直线y ＝﹣ax 的图象应在y 21x =+的下方，画出图形如图所示；∴0≤﹣a ≤1或﹣1≤﹣a <0，解得﹣1≤a ≤1；∴实数a 的取值范围是[﹣1，1]．故答案为[﹣1，1]．【点睛】本题考查了不等式恒成立问题，考查数形结合思想与转化思想，是中档题． 15．在ABC ∆中，M 是BC 的中点，120A ∠=︒，12AB AC ⋅=-，则线段AM 长的最小值为___________ 【答案】12【解析】由1()2AM AB AC =+平方得：2221(1)4AM AB AC =+-，再由AB AC ⋅可得||||1AB AC ⋅=，进而利用基本不等式可得最小值.【详解】由1()2AM AB AC =+平方得：2222211(2)(1)44AB A AM AB AC AB AC C =++=+-⋅. 又11||||cos120||||22AB AC AB AC AB AC ⋅=⋅=-⋅=-，所以||||1AB AC ⋅=. 所以222221111(2)(1)(2||||1)4444AB AC AM AB AC AB AC AB AC ⋅=++=+-≥⋅-=.当且仅当||||1AB AC ==时，AM 取最小值12. 故答案为：12. 【点睛】 本题主要考查了中线的向量表示及数量积的运算，考查了利用基本不等式求最小值，属于中档题.16．若实数、满足114422x y x y ，则22x y S 的取值范围是 ．【答案】24S <≤【解析】1122224+4=2+2(2)(2)2(22)(22)2222(22)x y x y x x y x y x y x y ++⇒+=+⇒+-⋅⋅=+22222x y S S -=⋅⋅，又22(22)022222x y x yS +<⋅⋅≤=。
【区级联考】上海市嘉定区2019届高三下学期质量调研(二模)物理试题
○…………装学校:___________姓○…………装绝密★启用前【区级联考】上海市嘉定区2019届高三下学期质量调研（二模)物理试题试卷副标题注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I 卷（选择题)请点击修改第I 卷的文字说明一、单选题1．磁体的磁感线是 A ．从N 极出发指向S 极 B ．闭合的曲线，任意两条磁感线都不会相交C ．从S 极出发指向N 极D ．实际存在的，可用铁屑在磁场中显示出来2．卢瑟福进行的α粒子散射实验现象表明A ．在原子的中心有一个很小的核B ．原子核具有复杂结构C ．原子核集中了原子所有的质量D ．核外电子在绕核旋转3．如图所示为一正点电荷周围的电场线，电场中有A 、B 两点，A 、B 两点在同一条电场线上，则……○……………………订………………○……※※请※※不※订※※线※※内※※答※※……○……………………订………………○……A ．A 点的电场强度与B 点的电场强度相等 B ．B 点的电场强度比A 点的电场强度更大C ．A 点的电场强度方向沿半径指向场源电荷D ．B 点的电场强度方向沿半径指向场源电荷4．一人站在体重计上。
当他静止时台秤指针指在45kg 刻度处。
则在他快速蹲下的整个过程中，台秤指针A ．一直指在大于45kg 刻度处B ．一直指在小于45kg 刻度处C ．先指在大于45kg 刻度处，后指在小于45kg 刻度处D ．先指在小于45kg 刻度处，后指在大于45kg 刻度处5．甲、乙两个弹簧振子，它们的振动图像如图所示，则可知两弹簧振子A ．振动强度完全相同B ．振动快慢完全相同C ．振子甲速度为零时，振子乙速度最大D ．所受回复力最大值之比F 甲∶F 乙＝1∶26．物体从高处自由下落，落地时间为t 。
若选地面为参考平面，当下落时间为t2时，物体所具有的动能和重力势能之比为…………○……○……………线…………________班级：__________…………○……○……………线…………7．在冬季，剩有半瓶热水的老式暖水瓶经过一个夜晚后，第二天拔瓶口的软木塞时觉得很紧，不易拔出来。
上海市嘉定区2019届高三生物下学期第二次模拟考试试题(含解析)
【详解】此题为大鼠的“音乐-饮水反射”实例。给大鼠供水会引起饮水，这是非条件反射；
供水是非条件刺激。给大鼠听音乐不会引起饮水反射，音乐与饮水反射无关，称为无关刺激。
但是，如在每次给大鼠供水之前，先给听音乐，这样经多次结合后，当音乐一出现，大鼠就
有饮水反射。这时，音乐已成为供水（非条件刺激）的信号，称为信号刺激或条件刺激。由
6.下列措施属于切断乙型肝炎传播途径的是（
A. 隔离病人
B. 消毒餐具
【答案】B
） C. 锻炼身体
D. 接种疫苗
-3-
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【解析】 【分析】 传染病的控制要做好三个环节，一是控制传染源，二是切断传播途径，三是保护好易感人群。 【详解】隔离病人属于控制传染源，A 错误；消毒餐具属于切断传播途径，B 正确； 锻炼身 体，增强自身免疫能力属于保护易感人群，C 错误；接种疫苗属于保护易感人群，D 错误。 故 选 B。 【点睛】本题的知识点是免疫调节在维持内环境稳态中的作用，对于免疫过程的理解和归纳 总结是本题考查的重点。
错误；统计时可视植物密度确定样方面积，密度低的样方可大些，②正确；样方法草原物种
多样性，应该统计样方内物种数以及每一种植物的个体数，③④正确。综上所述，以上说法
正确的有②③④，故选 C。
9.某研究小组先对大鼠进行 48 小时的限制饮水，每次播放音乐时给大鼠供水，多次训练后大
鼠听到音乐会做出饮水动作，建立了大鼠饮水奖赏条件反射。该实验研究中音乐对于实验前
A. ①是转录
B. ②是逆转录
C. ③是翻译
D. 甲是肽链
【答案】C
【解析】
据图分析，①表示 DNA 复制，A 错误；②表示转录，B 错误；③表示翻译，C 正确；甲表示 mRNA，
上海市嘉定区 2019-2020 学年等级考第二次质量调研测试 生命科学试卷 含答案
正确的是
高中生命科学 1 / 10
A. A 为主动运输 C. C 为胞吞胞吐 6．下列属于氧化分解反应的是 A．麦芽糖+水→葡萄糖
图2
B. B 为协助扩散 D. D 为自由扩散
B ．脂肪→脂肪酸+甘油
C．葡萄糖→丙酮酸+H+
D．ATP→ADP+Pi
7．图 3 显示了人体内能源物质的代谢途径，大写字母代表物质，其中物质 Z 直接参与了过
A．脊髓在反射活动中的作用
B．感受器在反射活动中的作用
C．效应器在反射活动中的作用
D．传入神经在反射活动中的作用
20．图 9 为单克隆抗体制备过程示意图，图 9 中 X、Y 细胞分别是
图9 高中生命科学 3 / 10
A．骨髓瘤细胞、杂交瘤细胞 C．B 淋巴细胞、骨髓瘤细胞
B．杂交瘤细胞、B 淋巴细胞 D．B 淋巴细胞、T 淋巴细胞
D．突刺蛋白
23 ．（ 2 分 ） 据 资 料 判 断 人 体 细 胞 表 面 的 ACE2 可 能 是 病 毒 识 别 人 体 细 胞
的
。
A. 抗原
B．抗体
C．受体
D． 载体
24．（2 分）病毒侵染人体细胞后，其 3CL 酶主要是促进了病毒的
A. DNA→DNA
B． RNA→DNA
C．RNA→RNA
9．人体感受身体平衡的器官是
A．眼
B．小脑
C．耳蜗
D．前庭器
10．图 4 为突触传递神经信号的方式，据图判断下列说法正确的是
A. ①是轴突，③是突触前膜 B. ②是突触小泡释放的 Na+离子
① 图6
C. 图中信号传递的方向是由下到上
②
2019年上海虹口区高三年级二模生命科学试卷共12页文档
上海市虹口区2019届高三第二学期高三教学质量监控测试卷生物全卷共12页。
满分150分。
考试时间为120分。
2019.4第Ⅰ卷（共60分）考生注意：第I 卷（1-31题），由机器阅卷，考生应用2B 铅笔将答案涂写在答题卡上。
一、单选题（共60分。
每小题只有一个正确选项） （一）1分题（共6题）1．人体中能合成抗体的细胞器是（ ）A ．核糖体B ．高尔基体C ．内质网D ．线粒体 2．下列不属于真核生物的是（ ） A ．黏菌 B ．青霉 C ．颤藻 D ．衣藻 3．密码子存在于（ ）A ．DNAB ．mRNAC ．tRNAD ．rRNA 4．下列属于动物获取化学信息的感受器是（ ）A ．鱼类的侧线器官B ．人的前庭器C ．响尾蛇的颊窝D ．雄蛾的触角 5．下列关于病毒的叙述，正确的是（ ）A ．烟草花叶病毒可以不依赖宿主细胞而增殖B ．流感病毒的核酸位于衣壳外面的包膜上C ．病毒可在经高温灭菌的培养基上生长增殖D ．HIV 病毒内有4种核苷酸 6．下列关于细胞分化的叙述错误．．的是（ ） A ．分化发生在生物体的整个生命进程中 B ．分化是基因选择性表达的结果C ．未离体的体细胞不会表现出全能性D ．分化过程中遗传物质发生了改变 （二）2分题（共21题）7．生物体在代谢过程中能产生水的细胞结构是（ ）①叶绿体 ②核糖体 ③溶酶体 ④细胞核 ⑤中心体 A. ①②③ B. ①②⑤ C. ①②④ D. ②③④ 8．右图为光合作用过程示意图，在适宜条件下栽培小麦，如果突然将c 降低至极低水平（其他条件不变），则a 、b 在叶绿体中的含量变化是（ ） A ．a 上升、b 下降 B ．a 、b 都上升 C ．a 、b 都下降 D ．a 下降、b 上升 9．下列关于ATP 的叙述，正确的是（ ）A ．线粒体是蓝藻细胞产生ATP 的主要场所B ．光合作用产物中的化学能全部来自ATPC ．ATP 分子由1个腺嘌呤和3个磷酸基团组成D ．ATP 分子中，其相邻的两个磷酸基之间的化学键称为高能磷酸键10．用显微测微尺测量某个洋葱表皮细胞的长度时，下列目镜和物镜的组合中，视野内目镜测微尺每小格所代表的实际长度最小的是（ ） ①目镜10× ②目镜16× ③物镜10× ④物镜40× A ．①② B ．③④ C ．②④ D ．②③ 11．下列说法错误．．的是（ ） 叶绿体类 囊体薄膜叶绿体基质 H 2Oc(CH 2O) ADP+Pi H 2O O 2 光ba气体相对量 O 2吸收量O 2的浓度CO 2释放量 A ．灭绝为新物种的形成提供了条件 B ．物种灭绝是进化的正常过程C ．在生物进化史中，灭绝阻碍了生物进化的历程D ．遗传多样性的贫乏是导致物种灭绝的内在原因 12．下列关于实验方法与结果的叙述中正确的是（ ） A ．淀粉等糖类能与班氏试剂发生反应，产生砖红色沉淀 B ．用双缩脲反应可检测溶液中蛋白质的含量C ．观察小麦苗幼根时，经龙胆紫染液染色可见成熟区细胞中的染色体D ．提取和分离叶绿体色素的实验中加石英砂可加速破坏细胞结构 13．假若没有突变，下列各类细胞中，遗传信息全部相同的是（ ）A ．一个花药中的全部花粉B ．一个苹果内全部种子C ．人体中全部皮肤细胞D ．多个精原细胞分裂形成的全部精子 14．下图表示反射弧和神经纤维局部放大的示意图，下列说法，错误．．的是（ ）[来源:学|科|网Z|X|X|K]A ．在甲图中，①所示的结构属于反射弧的感受器B ．甲图的⑥结构中，信号的转换模式为电信号→化学信号→电信号C ．若乙图表示神经纤维受到刺激的瞬间膜内外电荷的分布情况，则a 、c 为兴奋部位D ．在乙图的a 、b 之间因电位差的存在而发生电荷移动，形成局部电流15．如图所示分别表示某种动物不同的细胞分裂图像，没有突变和交换，下列发生等位基因分离的图是（ ）16．从右图所示的实验中，可以直接得出的结论是（ ） A ．感受光剌激的部位是胚轴切段的顶端部分 B ．单侧光照引起生长素分布不均匀C ．生长素只能由形态学上端向下端运输D ．一定浓度生长素能促进胚轴切段生长17．右图所示酵母菌呼吸作用与氧气浓度的关系。
上海市嘉定区2020届高三下学期第二次质量调研测试(二模)英语试题+Word版含答案
2020上海嘉定区高三英语二模试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. Customer and salesperson.B. Teacher and student.D. Guest and waitress.C. Boss and secretary.2. A. The program was not interesting enough.B. She didn't want to listen to the program.C. She had to meet her students.D. The students' questions kept her busy.3. A. Help the man with his essay.B. Memorize her lines by herself.C. Wait until the man finishes his essay.D. Ask Sue to help her.D. Shopping for running shoes4. A. Practice her presentation in front of him.B. Find out who her audience will be.C. Try not to think about her audience.5. A. Writing a term paper.B. Studying for a history test.C. Reading a magazine.D. Watch him make his presentation.6. A. He doesn't like the way Americans speak.B. He speaks English as if he were a native speaker.C. He doesn't mind speaking English with an accent.D. His English is still poor after ten years in America.7. A. The box office is closed today.B. The tickets have been sold out.C. He doesn't want to go to the concert.D. It's too late to buy the morning paper.8. A. He received a good evaluation.B. He enjoyed a wonderful performance.C. He's getting along well with his supervisor.D. He gave a good performance in the evaluation.9. A. The library is closed on weekends.B. He had no idea where the book was.C. He wasn't allowed to check out the book.D. He didn't get the book he needed.10. A. He can't hear Tom clearly.B. Tom's speech is too deep.C. Tom doesn't speak directly.D. Tom doesn't talk about the proposal.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. He wrote the Superman stories.B. He was the best American journalistC. He was the boss of many newspapers.D. He won prizes for press photography.12. A. It stood up for the common people.B. It made public the wrongdoing of officials.C. It established a famous prize for journalism.英语学习讲义D. It probably provided a model for the Daily Planet13. A. Model newspaper.B. Excellence in journalism.D. Best school of journalism in America.C. Impressive public opinions.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The fondness for the Ambassador.B. The long history of the Ambassador.C. The brilliant functions of the Ambassador.D. The stop of the production of the Ambassador.15. A. Low demand and lack of money.B. High price and strong competition.C. Lack of buyers and poor economy.D. Few changes and less competitiveness.16. A. Because the car can operate with ease.B. Because the car has a strong steel body.C. Because the car has a very long history.D. Because the car can be fixed at a low cost.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Whether high-quality students can explain concepts clearly.B. Whether schools should adopt gifted education programs.C. Whether regular students can benefit from gifted ones.D. Whether parents can do something for the smart kids18. A. They will feel superior to their peers.B. They will focus on assisting their teachers.C. They will get motivated and reach their full potential.D. They will lose the chance to tutor their struggling peers.19. A. Gifted education programs are beneficial to some schools here.B. Both slower and advanced learners should receive special education.C. Regular classes discourage bright students' motivation due to boredom.D. Gifted programs rob average students of the chance to learn from bright ones.20. A. He has prejudice against regular students.B. He has preference for bright students.C. He is enthusiastic about gifted programs.D. He lacks understanding of gifted studentsⅡ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Long-term low self-esteem can cause depressionLow self-esteem makes us feel bad about ourselves. But did you know that over time it also can cause the development of serious mental conditions such as depression?Self-esteem is, very simply, he set of feelings you have about yourself. It’s developed by your experiences, thoughts, feelings, and relationships. (21) ________ self-knowledge, which refers to how much you know about yourself, self-esteem is formed around whether you like yourself or not. Depression is much more than just feeling sad. It drains your energy and makes everyday activities difficult.Doctors use low self-esteem as one possible symptom (22) ________ they diagnose the mental condition of major depressive disorder. They don’t necessarily care (23) ________ low self-esteem causes the depression or vice versa. However, personality researchers have long wondered about the chicken-and-egg problem of self-esteem and depression. Certainly, if you dislike yourself, you’ll be more likely (24) ________ (depress). On the other hand, if you’re depressed, you’ll be more likely to feel bad about yourself. The only way that (25) ________ (employ) to explore the highly related concepts of self-esteem and depression is through continuous research, (26) ________ ________ people are followed up over time.A study on depression conducted by University of Basel researchers Julia Sowislo and Ulrich Orth, (27) ________ (contrast) the competing directions of self-esteem to depression vs depression to self-esteem. The findings have revealed that over time low self-esteem is a risk factor for depression, regardless of who is tested and how. The study indicates that low self-esteem causes depression (28) ________ not vice versa.Therefore, if a person has low self-esteem, there’s a (29) ________ (great) risk of developing depression. This is a very important discovery because it shows that (30) ________ (improve) a person’s self-esteem can make him or her feel better.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Put down the phone and live in the momentHave you ever unintentionally left your phone at home and wondered how you would get through the day? Baylor College of Medicine’s Dr. Jin Han explains why this might be a sign that you need to put down your phone more often.“There has been a(n) __31__ in technology as our phones have gone from just regular cell phones to smart phones that allow you to multitask all with one device,”said Han, assistant professor at Baylor. “You use your phone now to receive emails, to text and chat and to access social media platforms -- __32__ your phone may be your connection to your social life.”Although they offer many advantages, Han cautions that using your smart devices can be harmful if you use them too much. For example, using your smart phone while driving, or even walking, can cause serious accidents. Also, staring at your screen for too long can be harmful to your __33__.Being __34__ too long to your phone also can impact the quality of your relationships, he said. If you are on your phone constantly and not __35__ with those around you, it can take away from your relationships with your family and friends. In addition, if you are using your phone too much in front your children, then they will likely follow your lead and use their own smart devicesrather than __36__ with you.“ In the end, the question is how you balance using your phone while not negatively __37__ your health.” Han said. “Anything that you are doing to the __38__ is no healthy anymore. While it is going to be almost impossible not to use this technology, we have t create a behavior that is healthy.”To help __39__ the time you spend on your phone, Han offered the following tips:●Limit the time spent on your phone: Set up certain time that you allow yourself to be on thephone.●Do not use your phone at night: Being on your phone late into the night can make it harderfor you to fall asleep and wake up the next day. Restricting your phone use at night can help you __40__ a healthy sleep behavior.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The scent of coffee appears to enhance performance in math Drinking coffee has benefits. __41__ the physical improvement, coffee may reduce our risk of heart disease. Coffee may even help us live longer. Now, research also reveals that the scent（气味）of coffee may help people perform better on the analytical portion of the Graduate Management Aptitude Test, or GMA T, a computer adaptive test __42__ by many business schools.The work, led by famous professor Adriana Madzharov, not only __43__ the hidden force of scent and the cognitive（认知）improvement it may provide on analytical tasks, but also expectation that students will perform better on those tasks. Madzharov, with his colleagues, recently published their findings.“It’s not just that the coffee-like scent helped people perform better on analytical tasks, which was already __44__,”says Madzharov. “But they also thought they would do better, and we demonstraded that this expectation was at least partly __45__ their improved performance.”___46___, smelling a coffee - like scent, which has no caffeine in it, has an effect similar to that of drinking coffee, suggesting a placebo（安慰剂）effect of coffee scent.Madzharov’s team tested 100 undergraduate business students, divided into two groups, with GMAT algebra questions. One group took the test in the __47__ of a coffee - like scent, while a control group took the same test - but in an unscented room. They found that the group in the coffee-smelling room scored significantly higher on the test.Madzharov’s team wanted to know more. Could the first group’s performance in quick thinking be explained, in part, by an expectation that a coffee scent would increase __48__ and consequently improve performance?The team designed a follow-up survey, conducted among more than 200 new participants, quizzing them on __49__ about various scents and their effects on human performance. Participants believed that they would feel more alert and energetic in the presence of a coffee scent, in contrast with a flower scent or no scent; and that __50__ to coffee scent would increase their performance on mental tasks. The results suggest that __51__ about performance can be explained by beliefs that coffee scent alone makes people more alert and energetic.Madzharov is now looking to explore whether coffee-like scents can have a(n) __52__ placebo effect on other types of performance, such as verbal reasoning. She also says that the finding - that coffee - like scent acts as a placebo for analytical reasoning performance - has many practical __53__, including several for business.“Sense of smelling is one of our most powerful senses,”says Madzharov. “Employers, architects, building developers, retail space managers and others, can use scents to help __54__ employees’or occupants’experience with their environment. It’s an area of great interest and __55__.”41. A. In contrast to B. Contrary to C. In addition to D. Equivalent to42. A. acquired B. required C. justified D. inquired43. A. distributes B. stimulates C. dominates D. highlights44. A. encouraging B. imposing C. conflicting D. challenging45. A. characterized by B. called for C. responsible for D. typical of46. A. In short B. By comparison C. In particular D. After all47. A. lack B., shift C. withdrawal D. presence48. A. comprehension B. alertness C. conscience D. context49. A. evidence B. definition C. symptom D. belief50. A. adaptation B. commitment C. exposure D. alternative51. A. implication B. expectation C. indication D. illustration52. A. similar B. concrete C. modified D. estimated53. A. simplification B. description C. resignation D. application54. A. enhance B. evaluate C. exploit D. prospect55. A. negotiation B. priority C. potential D. strategySection BDirections: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)People generally see themselves through achievements. In doing that, they end up caring more about their image than the reality of who they actually are. Rather than their work doing the talking, they end up defining themselves by external markers that they hope will earn them respect.The problem with this is that it encourages both themselves and other people to judge their worth based on some relatively unimportant measure. For example, one day, their educational diploma may overshadow what they actually learned. Therefore, a better way to know a person, I think, is to ask a different set of questions: What motivates them? What makes them ache? What do they long for?It’s in this spirit that I want to publicly share my values. They are the compass（罗盘）that guides my life. The kindest and most sincere thing I can do is to see, recognize, and understand another person before I make judgments. From there, I can learn to treat others appropriately, depending on the context, learning from my mistakes with time and experience. It’s just a reminder that life is hard for all of us, while at the same time accepting that it’s important we are all also held accountable for our actions.I have learned that we are all deeply self-interested. I hope to be self-aware enough to check out of the power and status games. That means I’m not competing with anyone for a shiny object; I’d rather compete with myself. It’s about becoming so uniquely different that it would be aninsult for me to measure myself against someone else. I believe if I do the work to be internally free from the pull of the power and status games, then I can add value to others bused on my unique knowledge and experience.If this resonates with（与……共鸣）you, I invite you to join me on this journey in understanding and relating to this complex world. It’s a wonderful mystery, and I think together we can better define it -- not just personally, but also collectively.56. According to the article, which of the following is TRUE?A. The external markers are better ways to know a person.B. People generally judge others’ worth by what they have achieved.C. The author is someone who is keen on power games.D. Learning from mistakes is the first step of treating others kindly.57. What does the underlined word “overshadow” probably mean?A. be relatively similar toB. cause something to be stronger thanC. make something less importantD. block off light from something58. What of the following might the author agree with?A. Life is hard, so we shouldn’t criticize others when they are not responsible.B. One should overcome self-interest in order to judge others objectively.C. Everyone is unique, so showing off uniqueness is an insult to others.D. One should see and understand another person using a real compass.59. Why does the author write the article?A. To promote harmonious living.B. To ask people not to judge others.C. To call on readers to learn his values.D. To share his values of understanding the world.(B)The Elementary Science Fair Planning GuideThe most helpful, scientific, kid-friendly science Fair project planner known to kidsA Model, Display or Collection:Shows how something works in the real world, but doesn’t really test anything.Examples of display or collection projects can be: “The Solar System,”“Types of Dinosaurs,”“My Coin Collection.”Examples of models might be: “How a Tornado Forms” or “How an Electric Motor Works”.An Experiment:Lots of information is given, but it also has a project that shows testing being done and the gathering of data.Examples of experiments can be: “The Effects of Detergent（洗衣粉）on the Growth of Plants” or “Which Paper Towel is more Absorbent”.You can tell you have an experiment if you are testing something several times and changing a variable（变量）to see what will happen.Even though you can learn a lot from building a model or display, we recommend that you do an experiment! Why? Well, they are fun, they are more interesting and most of all, they take you through the SCIENTIFIC METHOD, which is the way real scientists investigate in real science labs. Besides that, the scientific method is what the judges are looking for!60. Which of the following science projects might be recommended by the guide?A. How swallows build their nests.B. What the solar system consists of.C. The three dances bees use to communicate.D. What structure can hold the most amount of weight.61. According to the guide, which of the following is TRUE?A. A model or a display is a great choice for the science fair.B. A hypothesis goes before a Question in doing an experiment.C. What tells an experiment from a model is whether to test something.D. The judges will instruct the scientific method before the science fair.62. Who will be most interested in reading this guide?A. Undergraduate students.B. Parents who have young kids.C. Staff working in the science labs.D. Judges invited to a science fair.(C)Getting active in midlife could be as good for you as starting young when it comes to reducing the risk of an early death, researchers have suggested. But experts say the study also shows that the benefits fade once exercise declines.“If you maintain an active lifestyle or participate in some sort of exercise from youth to middle age, you can reduce your risk for dying,” said Dr. Pedro Saint-Maurice, the lead author of the research. “If you are not active and you get to your 40s - 50s and you decide to become active, you can still enjoy a lot of those benefits.”The study was based on data from more than 300,000 Americans aged 50 - 71 who undertook a questionnaire（问卷）in the late-1990s. They were asked to recall the extent of their moderate to vigorous leisure exercise at different stages of their life. Researchers then used national records to track who died in the years up to the end of 2016. After taking into account factors including age, sex, smoking and diet, the team found that those who were exercising into middle age had a lower risk of death than those who had never carried out any leisure exercise. However, when the team looked at different patterns in the way people were active over their life, it found a surprise.Men and women who started exercising at the age of 40 - 50 reduced their risk of death from any cause by about 35%. The benefit was similar to that seen for people who reached and maintained similar activity from their teens or 20s onwards.However, the study found that the protective effect of exercise did not last forever. People whose levels of leisure exercise decreased by middle age had no difference in the risk of an early death to those who had always been couch potatoes. “If you have been active and you slowly decrease your exercise participation as you age, you lose a lot of the benefits that we know are associated with exercise,” Saint - Maurice said.But the study has limitations, including that it is based on individuals recalling how active they were many years before. What’s more, the research looked only at death records, not other aspects of health such as levels of sickness and disease. Nonetheless, he said, the message was positive. “This adds to the growing body of evidence about the importance of physical activity and exercise across he life course, and indicates that it is never too late to start.”63. Which of the following is TRUE about the study?A. The study took about two decades to complete.B. The study involved around 30,000 elderly Americans.C. Questionnaires and interviews were the sources of data.D. The participants in the study took regular physical exercise.64. According to the passage, what does “a surprise” (Para.3) refer to?A. The earlier you exercise, the greater your health benefits will be.B. Participating in exercise from youth to middle age benefits one’s health greatly.C. The benefit of getting active in midlife is similar to that of starting young.D. The benefits of exercising in midlife will decline once you stop exercising.65. It can be inferred from the passage that _________.A. an active lifestyle will not necessarily bring positive health benefits.B. participants’ memories may affect the reliability of the study resultC. people exercising from their teens can maintain health foreverD. women benefit more from vigorous exercise than men do66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Exercise has its limitations, studies showB. Getting active when young, experts suggestC. Health benefits fade with age, doctors warnD. Never too old to start, researchers saySection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Ecotourism can put wild animals at riskEcotourism has become increasingly popular in recent years. _____67_____ There travelers visit natural environments to fund conservation efforts or promote local economies.Now, scientists have analyzed more than 100 research studies on how ecotourism affects wild animals. They find the presence of humans changes the way animals behave, and those changes may put them at risk. Therefore, they concluded that such trips can be harmful to the animals.When animals interact in seemingly kind ways with humans, they may let down their guard. _____68_____. If this transfers to their interactions with predators（捕食者）, they are more likely to be injured or killed.The presence of humans can also discourage natural predators. It creates a kind of safe place for smaller animals that may make them bolder. For example, in Grand Teton National Park, elk and pronghorns in areas with more tourists are less alert and spend more time eating.____69____ “If animals become accustomed to tourists and if tourism practices enhance this taming, we might create unintended consequences - affecting the behavior or population of a species and influencing the species’ function in its community,” the researchers write.Ecotourism has effects similar to those of animal domestication and urbanization. Research has shown that domesticated silver foxes become more obedient and less fearful. Fox squirrels and birds that live in urbanized areas are slower to flee from danger. _____70_____ Scientists hope the new analysis will encourage more research into the interactions between people and wildlife. It is essential to develop further understanding of how various species in various situations respond to human interaction and under what conditions human exposure may place them at risk.Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71. High level of deforestation continuesWe are all aware of the threats our planet is facing. Experts agree that it’s mainly us humans who are responsible for the destruction of the environment. One of the most destructive activities we are carrying out is cutting down forests - deforestation. This is done for many reasons, such as providing wood for fuel, making land available for housing or for crating space for more cattle to graze（吃草）on. This has been most noticeable in Brazil, which is home to the world’s largest rainforest. Deforestation there has hit its highest rate in a decade, according to official data. Overthe course of a year, an area about five times the size of London has been destroyed.The amount of deforestation in the Amazon and in other tropical（热带的）regions has actually seen a decline but the figures are still large. Global Forest Watch say that in 2018, an area equivalent to 30 football fields were cut down every minute. Frances Seymour from the World Resources Institute says that “If you look back over the last 18 years, it is clear that the overall trend is still upwards. We are nowhere near winning this battle.”What’s special about places like the Amazon is that they are primary forests which exist in their original condition with some species of trees dating back thousands of years. This habitat is home to unique and rare animals and is critical for sustaining biodiversity（生物多样性）. The BBC’s environment correspondent, Matt McGrath, says “These old forests really matter as stores of carbon dioxide, which is way the loss of 3.6 million hectares in 2018 is concerning.”Brazil has taken some steps to try and decrease deforestation by introducing government policies including fines for breaking land use regulations and illegal logging. And International campaigns to stop the trade of soy and beef farmed on deforested parts of the Amazon have also had a significant impact.Ⅴ. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 应该高度重视对这种常见病的预防。
【优质】上海市嘉定区2019届高三下学期质量调研(二模)物理试题
2018学年第二学期高三物理教学质量检测试卷考生注意：1．试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟．2．本考试分设试卷和答题纸．试卷包括三部分，第一部分为选择题，第二部分为填空题，第三部分为综合题．3．作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分．第一部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域，第二、三部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置．一、选择题（第1-8小题，每小题3分；第9-12小题，每小题4分，共40分．每小题只有一个正确答案）1．磁体的磁感线是（A）从N极出发指向S极（B）闭合的曲线，任意两条磁感线都不会相交（C）从S极出发指向N极（D）实际存在的，可用铁屑在磁场中显示出来2．卢瑟福进行的α粒子散射实验现象表明（A）在原子的中心有一个很小的核（B）原子核具有复杂结构（C）原子核集中了原子所有的质量（D）核外电子在绕核旋转3．如图所示为一正点电荷周围的电场线，电场中有A、B两点，A、B两点在同一条电场线上，则（A）A点的电场强度与B点的电场强度相等（B）B点的电场强度比A点的电场强度更大（C）A点的电场强度方向沿半径指向场源电荷（D）B点的电场强度方向沿半径指向场源电荷4．一人站在体重计上。
当他静止时台秤指针指在45kg刻度处。
则在他快速蹲下的整个过程中，台秤指针（A）一直指在大于45kg刻度处（B）一直指在小于45kg刻度处（C）先指在大于45kg刻度处，后指在小于45kg刻度处（D）先指在小于45kg刻度处，后指在大于45kg刻度处5．甲、乙两个弹簧振子，它们的振动图像如图所示，则可知两弹簧振子（A）振动强度完全相同（B）振动快慢完全相同（C）振子甲速度为零时，振子乙速度最大（D）所受回复力最大值之比F甲∶F乙＝1∶26．物体从高处自由下落，落地时间为t 。
若选地面为参考平面，当下落时间为2t时，物体所具有的动能和重力势能之比为（A ）1:4 （B ）1:3 （C ）1:2 （D ）1:17．在冬季，剩有半瓶热水的老式暖水瓶经过一个夜晚后，第二天拔瓶口的软木塞时觉得很紧，不易拔出来。
上海市嘉定区2019届高三英语下学期质量调研(二模)试题(含解析)
2.3 水分子的变化第一课时水的分解【学习目标】1、通过分析水的电解的实验现象，了解产物的验证方法，明确化学变化是有条件的，且化学变化过程中伴随着能量变化。
2、结合具体的化学反应，认识分解反应并能正确判断反应类型。
3、通过对水的分解的微观分析，初步认识化学变化的实质，并建立宏观与微观相联系的思维方式，培养学生的化学微粒观。
【重点难点】重点：分析电解水的实验现象，通过实验结论得出化学变化的发生条件，并认识化学反应的微观实质。
难点：围观分析化学反应的实质，建立化学的微粒观。
【教学过程】回顾复习：水在加热蒸发和冷凝过程中，水分子的哪些方面发生了改变？生1:水分子获得能量，运动加快，分子间间隔增大，由液态→气态；生2：水分子失去能量，运动减慢，分子间间隔减小，由气态→液态。
师：在这两个反应中，水分子本身改变了吗？生：水分子本身没有改变，只是改变了分子间隔和排列方式。
师：现在，我们改变反应条件，给水通入直流电，水分子会发生什么改变？这就是我们今天要学习的内容。
问题导学一：水的电解1、请同学们思考以下问题：（1）在水中加入稀硫酸溶液或氢氧化钠溶液的目的是什么？（2）仔细观察两只玻璃管内液面有何变化？（3）两个电极分别有何变化？它们之间有什么关系？2、观看实验的模拟动画：（1）介绍实验装置：水电解器、直流电源（电池）。
（2）在水中加入稀硫酸溶液或氢氧化钠溶液的目的是增强水的导电性。
师：继续操作实验，逐步引导学生观察：生1：观察到两只玻璃管内液面均下降；生2：两个电极均有气泡产生，且与正极相连的电极气体体积与负极相连的电极气体体积比为1：2；师：两只玻璃管内液面下降后的空间为空白吗？生：不是，是电极上产生的气体。
师：那这些气体是不是水蒸气呢？化学小知识：在化学上，常根据某物质特意的变化现象来验证该物质。
氧气：带火星的木条检验，现象：带火星的木条复燃。
氢气：点燃的木条检验，现象：气体能燃烧，火焰呈淡蓝色。
师：现在我们就来验证这两个电极产生的气体究竟是不是水蒸气：操作一：用一根点燃的火柴接近液面下降较多的玻璃尖嘴处，慢慢打开活塞。