托福语法OG(官方指南)

OG(官方指南)对托福写作在“语言运用”方面的要求是“appropriate word choices”和“a variety of sentence structures”，也就是“词汇能恰当传达意思就好，句式多样就好”。换句话说，托福写作在词汇和句式上没有任何“高大上”的要求。

英语写作中最简单的句式共2种：一是“主(S.)+谓(V.)+宾(O.)”;二是“主(S.)+系(V.)+表(P.)”。前者为根本，在此称之为英语句式之“魂”。以公式表达的话，“魂”=“主+谓+宾”= N.(名词) + V.(动词) + N.(名词)，最少由3个单词组成。比如说，Jack plays basketball。但一篇300字以上的独立作文绝对不可能由100来句3个单词的句子构成。所以，我们要帮“魂”进行“增肥”，也就是给它加内容。那到底可以加哪些内容呢?在我认为，只须往里加4个词：名词(N.)、动词(V.)、形容词(Adj.)、副词(Adv.)。

五种基本句型：S+Vi, S+V+O, S+V+0+C, S+V+Oi+Od, S+LV+P

Subject=主语

Verbal phrase=谓语

Object=宾语（Oi=间接宾语，Od=直接宾语）

Complement=补语

Predicative=表语

S+Vi（主谓）

Without gun, the suicide rate will go down.

Female violence has risen dramatically in recent decades.

S+V+O（主谓宾）

Media violence affect children’s mental health.

Frequent physical punishment contri butes to a child’s later crimes.

练习：

由于他老师的推荐，他顺利地找到了一份好工作。

He smoothly found a good job for his teacher’s recommendation.

性格因人而异。

Characters vary from person to person.

不管发生什么事情，我们应该保持一个积极的生活态度而不是消极的心态。

Whatever happens, we should maintain a positive attitude towards life instead of passive attitude.

适当的休息和足够的睡眠有益于长寿。

Proper rest and enough sleep contribute to longevity.

S+V+0+C（主谓宾宾补）

Gambling may turn an ordinary man crazy.

Educators call TV both a good and bad information source.

Parents should encourage their kids to take part in more rewarding activities.

练习：

We guarantee you a warm welcome.

我们保证对你热烈欢迎。

These skills will make them more valuable employees in the future.

这些技巧会帮助他们在未来成为更有价值的员工。

All the critics considered the book a masterpiece.

所有的评论家都认为这本书是一部杰作。

We found him a very suitable person for the job.

我们发现他很适合做这项工作。

Many people found their rewards unfair.

许多人觉得他们的回报不公平。

S+V+Oi+Od（主谓间宾直宾）

Gambling could bring us a dramatic increase in crime.

Communicative service offers wrongdoers an opportunity to correct their misconduct.

练习：

His uncle found him a well-paid job in Shanghai.

他叔叔在上海给他找到一份薪水很高的工作。

Doing morning exercises everyday does us a lot of good.

每天晨练对我们大有好处。

I’d like to leave you the books I’ve kept for so many years.

我想把保留多年的书籍留给你。

They allowed me three days to do the work.

他们给我三天时间来做这份工作。

The work cost me a lot of time and effort.

这项工作花费了我大量的时间和精力。

S+LV+P（主系表）

Young people are the pillars of society.

Environmentalists’ opinions sound convincing.

练习：

Education is one of the key words of our time.

教育是我们这个时代的关键词。

Elderly people are growing healthier, happier and more independent.

老年人正在变得更加健康，更加幸福，更加独立。

In most parts of the world, the relation between population and resources is already unfavorable and will probably become even more unfavorable in the future.

在世界上大多数地区，人口与资源之间的关系已经不理想，也许在将来变得更加不利。

The modern world is full of competition.

现代世界充满竞争。

The Internet is the key to all the knowledge and information available in the world today.

互联网是当今世界所有知识和信息的关键。

S+V+O

1. The toxic gases .

有毒气体危害人们健康。

2. Before presenting my view, I will .

在表明观点之前，我将讨论一下这具有争议的事件的正反面。