2018年广西民族大学英语教学论考研真题A卷
2018年广西民族大学英语教学论考研真题A卷
考生须知
1．答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题、草稿纸上无效。
2．答题时一律使用蓝或黑色钢笔、签字笔书写。
3．交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭证）。
否则，产生的一切后果由考生自负。
I． Explain the following terms (40 points, 8 points for each)
1.Group work
2.Mechanical practice
3.Constructivist Theory of Language Learning
4.Pragmatic Competence
5.Functional Linguistic
II. Answer the following questions. (45 points, 15 points for each)
1.What are classroom instructions? And how to make classroom instructions effective?
2.What is Deductive Method of Grammar Presentation? What do you think are its merits and shortcomings?
3.In your opinion, what can language teachers benefit from lesson planning? BI.Below is a list of activities preferred by different learners, what are these learners’ learning styles? In your opinions what teachers should do in classroom in order to match their teaching style with the learners’ different learning styles?
(30 points)
1. I like to listen to the recording and repeat after it.
2. I like to listen to the teacher to explain things to me.
3. I like to work with my friends in class. It is fun when we can talk together in class.
4. I prefer studying alone by myself. I find it very noisy when working with others.
5. I often think more before I do things. I need the time to make decisions.
6. I like acting things out best.
7. I like to draw, write words down and make little things with my hands.
8. I like to see cartoon pictures, photos, picture books and nice posters.
IV. Designing a lesson based on the following requirements (35 points) Directions: In this part, you are to design a 40-minute grammar lesson according to the information provided.
Information: Type of the lesson: grammar
Student level: 40 junior middle school students, Grade 7
Lesson duration: 40 minutes
The aim of the lesson: by the end of this lesson, students will able to the use the following frequency adverbs: often, usually, always, never and seldom. Your answer should include:
1.A lesson plan which includes:
1） Teaching objectives (at least 3 objectives, 6 points, 2 points for each)
2） Teaching important and difficult points (6 points, 3 points for each)
3） Teaching aids (3 points)
4） Teaching procedures (at least 3 steps, 12 points, 4 points for each)
2.Predicted problems and solutions (8 points, 4 points for each)。
2018英语a级试题及答案解析
2018英语a级试题及答案解析2018英语A级试题及答案解析一、听力理解（共30分）1. What does the man mean?A. He is not interested in the job.B. He is not qualified for the job.C. He is not sure about the job.Answer: C解析：对话中男士表达了对工作的不确定性，因此选项C是正确答案。
2. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. In a restaurant.B. In a bank.C. In a post office.Answer: A解析：对话中提到了点餐，因此最可能发生在餐厅，选项A是正确答案。
3. What is the woman going to do?A. Buy a coat.B. Buy a skirt.C. Buy a dress.Answer: B解析：对话中女士提到她打算买一条裙子，因此选项B是正确答案。
4. When does the man plan to leave?A. 8:00 am.B. 8:30 am.C. 9:00 am.Answer: A解析：男士提到他计划在早上8点离开，因此选项A是正确答案。
5. What are the speakers mainly discussing?A. A new movie.B. A new book.C. A new play.Answer: A解析：对话中提到了电影，因此选项A是正确答案。
二、词汇与结构（共20分）6. The weather is getting ________ colder.A. more and moreB. less and lessC. more or lessAnswer: A解析：根据句意，天气越来越冷，因此选项A是正确答案。
2017年广西民族大学基础英语考研真题A卷
2017年广西民族大学基础英语考研真题A卷一、Grammar, Vocabulary and General KnowledgeDirections: Find the ONE choice that best completes the sentence（.每小题 1 分，共 40 小题，共40 分）1.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A.They have enough time to finish the paper.B.Dad says the meat is not enough cooked.C.You are not old enough to buy alcohol.D.She plays well enough for a beginner.2.In “She felt sick from tiredness”, the italicized word is used to indicateA. comparison.B. purpose.C. cause.D. direction.3. Which of the following sentences has an object complement?A. I will buy you a present.B. Mom gave me a necklace.C. I’m going to paint it pink.D. Tom is teaching children Japanese.4. Smoking is so harmful to health that it kills ____ each year than automobile accidents.A. more seven times peopleB. seven times more peopleC. more people seven timesD. people seven times more5. Sorry I’m late. I ____ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.A. mightB. shouldC. mustn’tD. couldn’t6. Mr. White, together with all his colleagues, ____ for Europe this morning.A. are leavingB. leaveC. is leavingD. are to leave7. The new designed bedroom seems to be a great deal larger than ____.A. it is necessaryB. being necessaryC. to be necessaryD. is necessary8. He was determined to sail around the world ____ his illness and old age.A. givenB. althoughC. despiteD. in spite9. Mr. White has become bad-tempered since he indulges in Gambling. He is no longer theman ____ used to be.A. whichB. whomC. whoD. that10. You ____ call your father’s name directly. It’s impolite in China.A. oughtn’tB. mustn’tC. needn’tD. wouldn’t11. It is not ____ much his appearance I like as his personality.A. asB. veryC. soD. that12. There is much chance ____ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.A. thatB. whichC. untilD. if13. They did the experiment ____ their chemistry teacher had instructed.A. asB. thoughC. untilD. when14. He was listening attentively in class, his eyes ____ on the blackboard.A. fixingB. fixedC. are fixingD. are fixed15. I don’t think ____ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.A. thatB. thisC. youD. it16. Mary was ____to tears by their criticism.A. sunkB. reducedC. forcedD. declined17.The police fortunately gained the key clew according to the foot mark in the____ of the road.A. clayB. dirtC. mudD. soil18. These magnificent ____ buildings demonstrate the great intelligence of the laboringpeople.A. antiqueB. ancientC. primitiveD. remote19. I don’t remember meeting him, but the name John Smith rings a bell. The underlined partmeans ____.A. is omittedB. is warnedC. is appearingD. isfamiliar20.These goods are ____ for export, though a few of them may be sold on the homemarket.A. essentiallyB. completelyC. necessarilyD. remarkably21. Food will ____ if the temperature in your freezer rises above 8℃.A. decayB. rotC. spoilD. corrupt22. The small company isn’t ____ of handling an order that large.A. ableB. capableC. competentD. qualified23. Sometimes it’s good to stop for a while to think about the past and ____ the future.A. contaminateB. contemplateC. consolidateD. contradict24.School fees, illness, house repairs and other ____ have reduced his bank balanceto almost nothing.A. paymentB. amountC. figuresD. expenses25.Many people, including college students of all ages, spend little time in ____of physical fitness.A. searchB. viewC. lightD. pursuit26. There’s no denying that as we age ____, our body ages right along with us.A. chronologicallyB. significantlyC. deceptivelyD.deliberately27.We made an effort not to leave my friend out in the cold when we were planningthe birthday party. The underlined part means ____.A. embarrassB. humiliateC. ignoreD. exhaust28. The company has to make its accounts and operations as ____ as possible.A. distinctB. evidentC. explicitD.transparent29. His ability to absorb information was astonishing, but his concentration ____ was short.A. gapB. intervalC. spanD. distance30. She is generally ____ as one of the best modern poets.A. classedB. gradedC. rankedD. rated31. ____ is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history.A. The Glorious RevolutionB. The English ReformationC. The RenaissanceD. The English Civil War32. In the US, the largest city along the Pacific Coast is ____A. San FranciscoB. Los Angeles.C. Seattle.D. Chicago.33. In Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury, he used the technique of ____, in which the wholestory was told through the thoughts of a character.A. imagismB. stream of consciousnessC. naturalismD. symbolism34. Percy Bysshe Shelley did not write ____A. Song of Myself.B. Prometheus Unbound.C. Ode to the West Wind.D. Queen Mab.35. ____ is not a modernist novelist of Britain.A. James JoyceB. Virginia WoolfC.wrence D. Henry James____ is the manifestation of grammatical relationships through the addition of affixes, such as number, person, finiteness, aspect and case, which don’t change the grammatical class of the stems to which they are attached.A. Word formationB. InflectionC. CompoundD. Derivation37. One way to analyze lexical meaning isA. predication analysis.B. stylistic analysis.C. componential analysis.D. proposition analysis.38. ____ is NOT the characteristic of conversational implicature.A. CalculabilityB. CancellabilityC. DetachabilityD. Non-conventionality39. A sound pronounced with the vocal cords vibrating is said to be ____ sound.A. voicelessB. voicedC. consonantD. resonant40. Which function is the major role of language?A. Informative.B. Interpersonal.C. Performative.D. Emotive.二、ClozeDirections: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank thereare four choices marked [A]，[B]，[C] and [D] .You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.（每小题 1 分，共 20 小题，共 20 分）According to BT's futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium (a period of 1, 000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.Pearson has __1__ together to work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a __2__ millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates whenwe can expect hundreds of key __3__ and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an __4__ life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs __5__ into use between now and 2040.Pearson also __6__ a breakthrough in computer human links. “By linking __7__ to our nervous system, computers could pick up __8__ we feel and, hopefully, simulate __9__ too so that we can start to __10__ full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck,” he says.But that, Pearson points __11__, is only the start of man-machine __12__: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will __13__ lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.” __14__ his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no __15__ for when faster-than-light travel will be __16__, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does __17__ social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, __18__ problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic __19__ robots will mean people may not be able to __20__ between their human friends and the droids. And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.1. [A] taken [B] pieced [C] kept [D] made2. [A] complicated [B] delicate [C] subtle [D] unique3. [A] breakthroughs [B] findings [C] events [D] incidents4. [A] expanded [B] extended [C] enlarged [D] enriched5. [A] being [B] becoming [C] carrying [D] coming6. [A] schedules [B] plans [C] predicts [D] designs7. [A] directly [B] instantly [C] precisely [D] automatically8. [A] that [B] how [C] what [D] all9. [A] thinking [B] hearing [C] sight [D] feeling10. [A] form [B] develop [C] find [D] undertake11. [A] out [B] at [C] to [D] toward12. [A] program [B] production [C] experiment [D] integration13. [A] finally [B] ultimately [C] utterly [D] absolutely14. [A] Through [B] Though [C] During [D] By15. [A] forecasts [B] articles [C] stories [D] meetings16. [A] advisable [B] affordable [C] available [D] valuable17. [A] solve [B] arose [C] exercise [D] expect18. [A] confront [B] cause [C] witness [D] collect19. [A] lovely [B] likely [C] lifelike [D] lively20. [A] distinguish [B] differ [C] diagnose [D] deviate三、Reading Comprehension （选择题每小题 1 分，共 10 小题；填空题每小题 1 分，共 8 小题；简答题每小题 2 分，共 11 小题；共 40 分）PASSAGE ONEThe Work-Life BalanceThis month the TUC is campaigning against, what it calls, Britain's "long hours culture". But do the British actually work too long? And if we do, is it doing us, or society at large, any harm?Over the past 150 years working hours across the developed world have beenfalling. In the mid-nineteenth century men in Britain, in paid employment, workedfor at least 55 hours per week. Hours worked then began a steady drop -- the riseof trade unionism is one explanation, but then, after the First World War theyplateaued. From 1951 onwards they dropped again but this fall was brought to a suddenhalt in 1981 with the onset of the deregulatory economic policies of the Thatcheryears. Working hours reached a high in 1997 when the UK average number of hoursworked hit 45.8 per week, falling to 44.3 hours per week in 2004.The main reason for this recent decline has been the impact of EU's WorkingTime Directive which stipulated that no one could work more than 48 hours in a week,unless special exemption had been jointly applied for by both employers andemployees. Nonetheless, in European terms, we are still doing badly in terms ofhours worked -- British workers are at the top, or bottom, of the hours charts,depending on your point of view. In 2004 British workers put in almost two and ahalf hours more per week than the average European worker -- although that was animprovement on 2001 when the gap was three and a quarter hours.In terms of actual hours worked, for those fortunate enough to be living andworking in the Netherlands the average was just 38.8 hours a week, whilst for thoseunfortunate enough to be working in Britain, the average was 43.5 hours. Workersin our closest European competitors, France and Germany, worked 38.9 hours and 39.6hours per week respectively. And yet, according to research both French and Germanworkers are around 20% more productive than their British counterparts. And we doequally badly when it comes to holidays. The European average for annual paid leaveis 26.5 days per year -- again the UK is near the bottom of the league with an averageof 24.5 days of annual leave.However, these raw figures don't tell the whole story. During the 1980s and1990s it was fashionable to predict that the "revolution in work" had begun.Business gurus were forecasting that the then current work norm, in which themajority of the workforce were in full-time employment at places of work away fromhome would give way to the majority having portfolios of part-time, temporary jobs,with many working either from home or from mobile office environments. This wouldresult in a blurring between work and home, leisure, and employment -- thus concernsabout hours worked would become little more than of historical interest.This view is backed up by Michael Moynagh in Working in the Twenty-First Century.After examining trends in working time over the past twenty years, and casting theirfindings forward, they conclude: "On balance it is likely that contracted workingtime will continue to drop, if slowly and intermittently".According to the research project "The Future of Work" led by Professor Peter Nolan of Leeds University, the notion that the nature of work is changing radically is systematically demolished.Based on a nationwide survey of employees Professor Nolan reports that the project found that, contrary to this conventional wisdom, the "end of work" scenario had not come to pass. In fact the 1990s had seen a growth, not a contraction, in the proportion of employees in full-time permanent jobs. In 2000, 92% of workers were in permanent work compared with 88% eight years earlier. And in 2000 only 5.5% said they were working on a temporary contract, compared with 7.2% in 1992. "Such startling figures do not suggest Britain is rapidly developing a more flexible labour market when measured by the extent of employment stability. Indeed, the permanent job remains very much the overwhelming norm and this is true across every occupational category."Nor was the notion of "going to work" in decline. The researchers found that most people still leave their homes for paid employment, only 3% of employees said they worked partly at home and a further 1.1% said they worked solely or mainly at home.Thus, arguments about working time are still very central to debates about the nature of the work experience. The Future of Work survey found that dissatisfaction with the hours that people were having to work had increased dramatically. In 1992 35% of men were satisfied with their hours, by 2000 this had fallen to 20%; the decline among women employees was even sharper, down from 51% in 1992 to 29% in 2000. And this decline was, in terms of social class, across the board.Professor Jonathan Gershuny is an expert on the work-life balance. He paid particular attention, not just to paid work but to two related issues -- women's unpaid work and leisure time. Gershuny notes how leisure time itself has become increasingly congested as people have less and less time to "consume" more and more leisure. He quotes from American sociologist Steffan Linder, who noted that as part and parcel of their "success" the harried executive might buy themselves a yacht; and yet the time they make available to enjoy their leisure activities diminishes the more successful they become. Gershuny paints a picture of the harried executive having to plan their leisure time almost as rigorously as they plan their working day.He also casts his eye over the unpaid work that is mainly done by women in the home. He notes how, despite the spread of "labour-saving" devices, the time women spend on domestic chores had not reduced, if anything it had gone up. This is because, as domestic work has become easier so "standards" have risen -- rooms that wereswept once a week are now swept once a day and meals that were cooked simply to be nourishing now had to be "interesting" as well. Gershuny reports that women on average spend 45-hours a week on unpaid domestic work; but where they had a full-time job this time went down to 22 hours a week. For men, his research showed that irrespective of whether or not they were in full-time work they spent an underwhelming 30 minutes a day on domestic chores. No doubt many of those same men would privately applaud the sentiments expressed in a Japanese research report that concluded: "Housewives by nature enjoy doing housework. For housewives, it is difficult to distinguish between housework and leisure." Then again, perhaps not, as times have moved on somewhat.Questions 1-4Choose the best answer.1.Which statement best describes the change of British working hours?A. Over the past 150 years, British working hours fluctuated by as long as 10hours.B.British workers worked 3 hours longer every week than their Europeancounterparts in 2001.C.British workers worked longer than French and German workers with higherproductivity.D. British workers have the least annual paid leave.2.What does the sentence "thus concerns about hours worked would become little morethan of historical interest" imply?A.Since there is no wild change in British working hours, the forecasting ofwork norm lost meaning.B.There is no point in concerning about working hours since it is hard to separateemployment and leisure.C.The notion that the nature of work has changed is not right.D.The end of work scenario makes research impossible.3.What can we see from the research findings of Michael Moynagh and Peter Nolan?A.They agreed that in the future, contracted working time will decrease.B.They agreed that more British would like to work from mobile officeenvironments.C.They have different conclusions and forecasts about British working time.D.Both are against conventional wisdom that the end of work has come.4.Professor Jonathan Gershuny notes that ______.A.men take over most housework when women are in full-time workB.people work harder in free time to consume what they produce in work timeC.if you are top managers, you have more leisure time availableD.women spend less time on domestic chores latelyQuestions 5-9Answer the following questions briefly by using NO MORE THAN TEN words.5.What is the result of working from home or mobile office environments?6.What are the percentages of people working partly at home and solely at homerespectively?7.What is the dominant working norm?8.Which phrase expresses the meaning that both managers and manual workers complainabout the long hours culture?9.What is one of the two issues that Professor Jonathan Gershuny paid specialattention to.Questions 10-12Complete the following sentences with NO MORE THAN THREE words.10.According to the Future of Work survey, women are______________________dissatisfied with their working hours.11.The more successful people are, the _____________________ time they have toenjoy themselves.12.The appearance of _____________________ actually increased time of doingdomestic chores.PASSAGE TWOAlready penitent for his angry action, but too stubborn to make amends, Mason toiled on at the head of the cavalcade, little dreaming that danger hovered in the air. The timber clustered thick in the sheltered bottom, and through this they threaded their way. Fifty feet or more from the trail towered a lofty pine. For generations it had stood there, and for generations destiny had had this one end in view--perhaps the same had been decreed of Mason.He stooped to fasten the loosened thong of his moccasin. The sleds came to ahalt, and the dogs lay down in the snow without a whimper. The stillness was weird;not a breath rustled the frost-encrusted forest; the cold and silence of outer spacehad chilled the heart and smote the trembling lips of nature. A sigh pulsed throughthe air--they did not seem to actually hear it, but rather felt it, like thepremonition of movement in a motionless void. Then the great tree, burdened withits weight of years and snow, played its last part in the tragedy of life. He heardthe warning crash and attempted to spring up but, almost erect, caught the blowsquarely on the shoulder.The sudden danger, the quick death--how often had Malemute Kid faced it! The pine needles were still quivering as he gave his commands and sprang into action. Nor did the Indian girl faint or raise her voice in idle wailing, as might many of her white sisters. At his order, she threw her weight on the end of a quickly extemporized handspike, easing the pressure and listening to her husband's groans, while Malemute Kid attacked the tree with his ax. The steel rang merrily as it bit into the frozen trunk, each stroke being accompanied by a forced, audible respiration, the 'Huh!' 'Huh!' of the woodsman. At last the Kid laid the pitiablething that was once a man in the snow. But worse than his comrade's pain was the dumb anguish in the woman's face，the blended look of hopeful，hopeless query. Little was said； those of the Northland are early taught the futility of words and the inestimable value of deeds. With the temperature at sixty-five below zero，a man cannot lie many minutes in the snow and live. So the sled lashings were cut，and the sufferer，rolled in furs，laid on a couch of boughs. Before him roared a fire ，built of the very wood which wrought the mishap. Behind and partially over him was stretched the primitive fly -- a piece of canvas ， which caught the radiating heat and threw it back and down upon him -- a trick which men may know who study physics at the fount.And men who have shared their bed with death know when the call is sounded. Mason was terribly crushed. The most cursory examination revealed it. His right arm，leg，and back were broken；his limbs were paralyzed from the hips；and the likelihood of internal injuries was large. An occasional moan was his only sign of life.No hope ； nothing to be done. The pitiless night crept slowly by -- Ruth's portion ，the despairing stoicism of her race，and Malemute Kid adding new lines to his face of bronze. In fact ，Mason suffered least of all，for he spent his time in eastern Tennessee，in the Great Smoky Mountains，living over the scenes of his childhood. And most pathetic was the melody of his long-forgotten Southern vernacular，as he raved of swimming holes and coon-hunts and watermelon raids. It was as Greek to Ruth，but the Kid understood and felt -- felt as only one can feel who has been shut out for years from all that civilization means.Morning brought consciousness to the stricken man ， and Malemute Kid bent closer to catch his whispers.“You remember when we foregathered on the Tanana ， four years come next ice run?I didn't care so much for her then. It was more like she was pretty，and there wasa smack of excitement about it，I think. But d'ye know，I've come to think a heap of her. She's been a good wife to me，always at my shoulder in the pinch. And when it comes to trading，you know there isn't her equal. D'ye recollect the time she shot the Moosehorn Rapids to pull you and me off that rock，the bullets whipping the water like hailstones -- and the time of the famine at Nuklukyeto -- or when she raced the ice-run to bring the news？Yes，she's been a good wife to me，better'n that other one. Didn't know I'd been there？Never told you，eh? Well，I tried it once，down in the States. That's why I'm here. Been raised together，too. I came away to give her a chance for divorce. She got it.”“But that's got nothing to do with Ruth. I had thought of cleaning up and pulling for the Outside next year -- her and I -- but it's too late. Don't send her back to her people，Kid. It's beastly hard for a woman to go back. Think of it! -- nearly four years on our bacon and beans and flour and dried fruit，and then to go back to her fish and caribou. It's not good for her to have tried our ways，to come to know they're better'n her people's，and then return to them. Take care of her，Kid -- why don't you -- but no，you always fought shy of them -- and you never told me why you came to this country. Be kind to her，and send her back to the Statesas soon as you can. But fix it so she can come back -- liable to get homesick，you know.”“And the youngster -- it's drawn us closer，Kid. I only hope it is a boy. Think of it -- flesh of my flesh，Kid. He mustn't stop in this country. And if it's a girl，why，she can't. Sell my furs；they'll fetch at least five thousand，and I've got as much more with the company. And handle my interests with yours. I think that bench claim will show up. See that he gets a good schooling；and Kid，above all，don't let him come back. This country was not made for white men.”“I'm a gone man，Kid. Three or four sleeps at the best. You've got to go on. You must go on! Remember，it's my wife，it's my boy -- O God! I hope it's a boy! You can't stay by me -- and I charge you，a dying man，to pull on.”Questions 13-15Choose the best answer.13.What is NOT true about Mason’s accident?A.He was struck by an old pine on the shoulder and crushed.B.It was possible his organs had been injured in addition to broken bones.C.He suffered a great deal as he lay waiting for death.D.He was laid on some branches by a great fire in an attempt to recover.14.What do we know about Mason’s wife according to the text?A.She is white like him.B.She is not Mason’s only spouse in life.C.She has been to his hometown.D.She understands Greek.15.What is implied about the character’s lives from the passage?A.Sleds were the main method of transportation.B.The major source of income was fur trading.C.They had to be calm and resourceful in the wild.D.The far north is not suitable for white people.Questions 16-17Answer the following questions briefly by using NO MORE THAN TEN words.16.Why does Mason think Ruth is a good wife?What was “fly” in paragraph 3 used for?PASSAGE THREENature versus cultureTo what extent have indigenous peoples suffered at the hands ofconservation?When US primatologist Dian Fossey arrived in Rwanda to study the mountain gorillas of the Parcs des Volcans in September 1967, her immediate concern was that their habitat was being eroded by human activity. As the government and wildlife authorities were turning a blind eye, she took the law into her own hands and organised patrols to drive out those she considered to be intruders in the park.Many of those targeted were local farmers who were grazing cattle and growing crops, collecting water, wood and bamboo or hunting small mammals. But the VirungaMountains were also home to the Batwa, pygmy hunter- gatherers who, for thousands of years, had lived on their forested slopes. Fossey took an instant dislike to the Batwa and adopted-vigilante tactics to ensure they stayed away from "her" gorillas.While Fossey's actions represented a huge inconvenience for the Bahutu and Batutsi farmers, for the Batwa they proved devastating. The forest was integral to their lifestyle: it provided them with food and medicine and was the centre of their cultural activities. Without it, they became destitute. They had neither the skills nor the resources to become farmers and were given no compensation or alternative. Considered second-class citizens -- unclean, stupid, untrustworthy -- by their neighbours, they were forced to live in hovels on the fringes of villages, scratching around in wasteland to eke out a living. By the early 1990s, begging was the main source of income for 70 per cent of Rwandan Batwa.The experience of the Batwa is one shared by millions of indigenous peoples around the world who have suffered at the hands of conservation. "Historically the impact of protected areas has been very negative because the rights of the local communities of indigenous peoples haven't been taken into account," says Marcus Colchester, director of the Forest Peoples' Programme, a UK organisation that promotes the interests of indigenous peoples around the world. "The establishment of parks and reserves has often required their forced removal and placed severe limits on their rights of access and use of natural resources. Hence, there has been a lot of conflict, impoverishment, suffering and cultural loss."The traditional fence-and-guards approach to conservation grew out of the US national parks movement of the late 19th century, which began preserving areas of 'natural' wilderness for recreational purposes. Ecologists subsequently decided that nature should be preserved in a pristine form, uncontaminated by human activity.Over the past 40 years, conservation of biodiversity has become an increasingly high-profile topic and there has been a corresponding rise in the number of protected areas. According to the World Conservation Union (IUCN) there were just over 1,000 in 1962; today there are more than 102,000, covering a terrestrial area of 17.1 million square kilometres, 11.5 per cent of the world's land.To date, there hasn't been any conclusive research into the extent to which establishing these areas affects indigenous peoples. But most protected areas were inhabited at one time. In 2000, WWF estimated that 86 per cent of South America's national parks were inhabited by people, most of them indigenous, and 90 per cent of protected areas in the Americas as a whole hosted indigenous peoples. However, it isn't just the indigenous peoples who have lost out to the traditional。
2018年广西民族大学622基础英语考研真题_真题无答案
2018年广西民族大学622基础英语考研真题(总分150, 做题时间180分钟)Vocabulary, Grammar and General KnowledgeDirections: Find the ONE choice that **pletes the sentence.（每小题2分，共30小题，共60分）1.The winners of the football championship ran off the field carrying the silver cup ________.SSS_SINGLE_SELAturbulentlyBtremendouslyCtriumphantlyDtentatively2.He said that they had ________ been obliged to give up the scheme for lack of support.SSS_SINGLE_SELAgravelyBregrettablyCforciblyDgraciously3.The law on drinking and driving is ________stated.SSS_SINGLE_SELAextravagantlyempiricallyCexceptionallyDexplicitly4.Their claims to damages have not been convincingly ________.SSS_SINGLE_SELArefutedBoverwhelmedCdepressedDintimidated5.Please don't ________ too much on the painful memories. Everything will be all right.SSS_SINGLE_SELAhesitateBlingerCretainDdwell6.In today's medical, little agreement exists on the ________ for defining mental illness.SSS_SINGLE_SELAlegislationrequirementCcriteriaDmeasures7.The lady in this strange tale very obviously suffers from a serious mental illness. Her plot against a completely innocent old man is a clear sign of ________.SSS_SINGLE_SELAimpulseBinsanityCinspirationDdisposition8.The Prime Minister was followed by five or six ________when he got off the plane.SSS_SINGLE_SELAlaymenBservantsCdirectorsDattendants9.There is no doubt that the ________ of these goods to the others is easy to see.SSS_SINGLE_SELprestigeBsuperiorityCpriorityDpublicity10.All the guests were invited to attend the wedding ________ and had a very good time.SSS_SINGLE_SELAfeastBcongratulationsCfestivalDrecreation11.Lucy ________ going back to school since she saved enough money, but she hasn't decided yet.SSS_SINGLE_SELAconsideredBhad consideredCis going to considerDhas been considering12.I am surprised ________ the exam is pretty difficult.SSS_SINGLE_SELwith what you were thinkingBthat you should thinkCthat you would thinkDby what you are thinking13.It is imperative that you ________ your resignation before Friday.SSS_SINGLE_SELAhanded inBwould hand inChand inDhave to hand in14.Which of the following italicized phrases is INCORRECT?SSS_SINGLE_SELAThe car runs twice faster than that truck.BAsia is four times as large as Europe.CRebecca has three times the strength of Lily.DThe coat is sold at double the usual price.15.Engines are to machines ________ hearts are to animals.SSS_SINGLE_SELAthatwhichCwhenDwhat16.In doing experiments, you must be ________the precision instruments.SSS_SINGLE_SELAmore than careful withBmore careful than withCcareful more than withDwith more careful than17.Little ________ what was upsetting me.SSS_SINGLE_SELAmay he realizeBhe realizesChe may realizeDdid he realize18.________ more attention, the trees could have grown better.SSS_SINGLE_SELABeing givenBGivenTo giveDGiving19.Many an elderly man ________ willing to continue working after retirement so that time can be easily killed.SSS_SINGLE_SELAisBareCwereDbe20.It's no good ________ her. She is such a miser that she won't spare a penny out.SSS_SINGLE_SELAto turn toBturning toCturn toDturned to21.________ is the branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transportation.SSS_SINGLE_SELAPhoneticsPhonologyCPhonemeDPhonetic typology22.Which of the following are regarded as Shakespeare's four great tragedies?SSS_SINGLE_SELARomeo and Juliet, hamlet, Othello, King LearBRomeo and Juliet, hamlet, Othello, MacbethCHamlet, Othello, King Lear, MacbethDRomeo and Juliet, Othello, Macbeth, Timon of Athens23.William Wordsworth is generally known as a ________ poet.SSS_SINGLE_SELAromanticBrealisticCnaturalisticDneo-classic24.Charles Dickens wrote all of the following except ________.SSS_SINGLE_SELAOliver TwistBDavid CopperfieldCA Tale of Two CitiesDHeart of Darkness25.British prime minister normally serves a ________ term.SSS_SINGLE_SELAtwo-yearBfive-yearCfour-yearDsix-year26.________ is sometimes called the birthplace of America.SSS_SINGLE_SELANew EnglandBthe SouthCthe WestDthe Midwest27.Semantics is the study of ________.SSS_SINGLE_SELA**petenceBlanguage functionsCmeaningsDsocial behavior28.Which of the following is not generally believed to be area of linguistics?SSS_SINGLE_SELAsyntaxBsemanticsCphonologyDetiology29.TG grammar was advanced by ________.SSS_SINGLE_SELASearleBWhorfCHallidayDNoam Chomsky30.The morpheme “scope” in **mon word “telescope” is a(n) ________.SSS_SINGLE_SELAbound morphemeBbound formCinflectional morphemefree morphemeClozeDirections: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.（每小题1.5分，共20小题，共30分）Our society seems to be gripped with an idea that the media plays a substantial role in the attitudes, behavior and fitness of youth today. If a child beats another child to death with a wrench or shoots a classmate, it is the (31)________TV programs which they watch that are to (32)________ , not the parents or the supervisors who are (33)________to be there to make sure their kids do the right thing.As cliché as it may (34)________, it has been rightly said all things have their good as well as bad (35)________. In the similar(36)________media also has its good as well as bad influence on youth. Well these were the negative influence of media on youth. Now we focus on the (37)______ aspects of media.Media plays a very important role in creating (38)________. There are certain issues which remain (39)________among youngsters as they feel guarded concerning it. Media helps in providing information regarding such topics. There are many such topics that are (40)________by the media. The current one that can be talked about is the quota system in colleges. Media created awareness that how (41)________was being done with (42)________candidates due to reservations in colleges. There was (43)________taken out by students in order to object(44)________this bias discrimination.Media being one of the important means to (45)________to the masses and influence their thinking and decision making, only to thepositive media cannot attract (46)________of the masses, and to (47)________ viewership, negative media has to be (48)________to balance out and attract the masses, but a (49)________has to be drawn between the positive and the negative media in the (50)________of the younger generationSSS_SINGLE_SELAvastbewilderingCoverwhelmingDviolentSSS_SINGLE_SELAfunctionBblameCcondemnDimpairSSS_SINGLE_SELAobligedBsupposedCtemptedDdoomedSSS_SINGLE_SELAallegeBclaimCsoundDproveSSS_SINGLE_SELAeffectsBaspectsCindicatorsDattributesSSS_SINGLE_SELAmethodBtokenCtendencyDconductSSS_SINGLE_SELAalternativeBtentativeCprimitiveDaffirmativeSSS_SINGLE_SELAawarenessBillusionCexpectationDsentimentSSS_SINGLE_SELAuntouchedBunimaginableCunexplainedDunavailableSSS_SINGLE_SELAignoredBconsideredChighlightedDdiscardedSSS_SINGLE_SELAprejudiceBinconsistencyCinjusticeDdistrustSSS_SINGLE_SELApotentialBdeservingCambitiousDeloquentSSS_SINGLE_SELAprocessionBcollisionCindignationDfrictionSSS_SINGLE_SELAversusBdespiteCbeyondDregardingSSS_SINGLE_SELAlevel outBget outCreach outDmake outSSS_SINGLE_SELAattentionBalertCconcernDintentionSSS_SINGLE_SELAmagnifyBexpectCexpandDgainSSS_SINGLE_SELAmobilizedBassignedCmergedDincorporatedSSS_SINGLE_SELAcomparisonBdistinctionClineDbarrierSSS_SINGLE_SELAbenefitBinterestCprofitDadvantageReading Comprehension（每小题2分，共20小题，共40分）PASSAGE ONEIf you found yourself in a cocktail bar with a Neanderthal man, what would he say? A good conversation is one of the great joys of being human, but it is not clear just how far back in the hominid lineage the ability to use language stretches. The question of when grunts and yelps turned into words and phrases is a tricky one. One way of trying to answer it is to look in the fossil record for evidence about what modern humanity's closest relatives could do.Svante Pääbo, of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, and his colleagues have done just that. DrPääbo is an expert in extracting and interpreting the DNA of fossils. As he reports in the latest issue of Current Biology, he and his team have worked their magic on a gene called FOXP2 found in Neanderthal remains from northern Spain. The reason for picking this particular gene is that it is the only one known so far to have a directconnection with speech. In 1990, a family with an inherited speech disorder known as verbal dyspraxia drew the attention of genetics researchers. Those researchers identified a mutation in FOXP2 as the cause of the dyspraxia.Since then FOXP2 has been the subject of intensive study. It has been linked to the production of birdsong and the ultrasonic musings of mice. It is a conservative type, not changing much from species to species. But it has undergone two changes since humans split from chimpanzees 6m years ago, and some researchers believe these changes played a crucial role in the development of speech and language.If these changes **mon to modern humans and Neanderthals, they must predate the separation of the line leading to Homo sapiens from the one leading to Homo neander thalensis. Dr Pääbo's research suggests precisely that: the FOXP2 genes from modern humans and Neanderthals are essentially the same. To the extent that the gene enables language, it enables it in both species.There has been much speculation about Neanderthals' ability to speak. They were endowed with a hyoid bone, which anchors the tongue and allows a wide variety of movements of the larynx. Neanderthal skulls also show evidence of a large hypoglossal canal. This is the route taken by the nerves that supply the tongue. As such, it is arequisite for the **plex movements of speech. Moreover, the inner-ear structure of Homo heidelbergensis, an ancestor of Neanderthals, shows that this species was highly sensitive to the frequencies of sound that are associated with speech.That Neanderthals also shared with moderns the single known **ponent of speech is another clue that they possessed the necessary apparatus for having a good natter. But suggestive as that is, the question remains open. FOXP2 is almost certa inly not “the language gene”. Without doubt, it is involved in the control and regulation of the motions of speech, but whether it plays a role in the cognitive processes that must precede talking remains unclear—jokes about engaging brain before putting mouth in gear notwithstanding. The idea that the forebears of modern humans could talk would scupper the notion that language was the force that created modern human culture—otherwise, why would they not have built civilizations? But it would make that chat with a Neanderthal much more interesting.SSS_SINGLE_SELWhich one of the following statements is NOT true of Neanderthal men?Athey are derived from a branch of early Neanderthals called Homo heidelbergensis.Bthey are existent descendant of Homo neanderthalensis.Cthey are Homo sapiens's closest relatives.Dthey are officially named Homo neanderthalensis in the academiccircleSSS_SINGLE_SELSvante Pääbo and his team carried out a study on FOXP2 in order to________.Atrace the appearance and evolution of the speech ability.Bfind out how far back in the hominid lineage the ability to use language stretches.Cfind evidence proving the gene which controls the motion of speech.Didentify the crucial changes that had taken place on this gene and the consequent influence.SSS_SINGLE_SELThe gene of FOXP2 is regarded as a gene with a direct connection with speech because________.Ait was found in Neanderthal remains from northern Spain.Bit was found that sudden change of FOXP2 may lead to speech disorder.Cit was linked to the production of birdsong and the ultrasonic musings of mice.Dit does not change much from species to species.SSS_SINGLE_SELThe word “scupper” (Line 6, Paragraph 6) most probably means________.AdenyBdefeatCdemolishDdestroySSS_SINGLE_SELFrom the findings of Dr Pääbo’s research it may be inferredthat________.AFOXP2 is the gene that enables the speech ability in both humans and NeanderthalsBthe fork separating the line leading to Homo sapiens from that to Homo neanderthalensis is wrongCmore important genes should be identified which control speechability and cognitive processDthe establishment of human civilization as a result of languageability might be falsePASSAGE TWOBerkeley seems like a fitting place to find the godfather of the openinnovation movement basking in glory. The Californian village was, after all, at the very heart of the anti-establishment movement of the 1960s and has spawned plenty of radical thinkers. One of them, Henry Chesbrough, a business professor at the University ofCalifornia at Berkeley, observes with a smile that “this is the 40th anniversary of the Summer of Love.”Mr. Chesbrough's two books “Open Innovation” and “Open Business Models” have popularised the notion of look ing for bright ideas outside of an organisation. As the concept of open innovation hasbecome ever more fashionable, the corporate R&D lab has become decreasingly relevant. Most ideas don't come from there.To see why travel to Cincinnati, Ohio—which is about as far removed culturally from Berkeley as one can get in America. The conservative midwestern city is home to P&G, historically one of the most traditional firms in America. For decades, **pany that brought the world Ivory soap, Crest toothpaste and Ariel detergent had a closed innovation process, centred around its own secretive R&D operations.No longer. P&G has radically altered the way it comes up with new ideas and products. It now welcomes and works with universities, suppliers and outside inventors. It also offers them a share in the rewards. In less than a decade, P&G has increased the proportion of new-product ideas originating from outside of the firm from less than a fifth to around half. That has boosted innovation and, says its boss, Mr Lafley, is the main reason why P&G has been able to grow at 6% a year between 2001 and 2006, tripling annual profits to $8.6 billion. **pany now has a market capitalization of over $200 billion. IBM is another iconic firm that has jumped on the open-innovation bandwagon. The once-**pany has done a sharp U-turn and embraced Linux, an open-source software language.IBM now gushes about being part of the “open-**munity”, yielding hundreds of software patents to the “**mons” rather thanregistering them for itself. However, it also continues to take out patents at a record pace in other areas, such as advanced materials, and in the process racks up some $1 billion a year in licensing fees.Since an army of programmers around the world work on developing Linux essentially at no cost, IBM now has an extremely cheap and robust operating system. It makes money by providing its clients with services that support the use of Linux—and charging them for it. Using opensource software saves IBM a whopping $400m a year, according to Paul Horn, until recently the firm's head of research. **pany is so committed to openness that it now carries out occasional “online jam sessions” during which tens of thousands of its employees exchange ideas in a mass form of brainstorming.Mr Chesbrough, of course, heartily approves. He gives dozens of other examples of firms doing similar things, ranging from Clorax, a household products firm to Air Products, an industrial **pany. Mr Chesbrough reckons that “IBM and P&G have timed their shift to ahighvolume open-business model very well” and that if **petitors do not do the same they will be in trouble.SSS_SINGLE_SEL“Summer of Love” is probably ________.Aa religious activity celebrating the open-innovation movement.Bthe anti-establishment movement.Ca movement advocating the innovation.Dan activity calling for open innovation.SSS_SINGLE_SELAccording to the passage, the annual profits of P&G in 2001 was about ________.A$ 2.87 billion.B$ 1.075 billion.C$ 2.15 billion.D$ 4.3 billion.SSS_SINGLE_SELAit embraced an open-source software language that is widely supported by the “**mons”Bit endows people inside and outside **pany with the access to the software patents it owns.Cit encourages an extensive public involvement in the development of new software for **pany.Dit indeed whops its cost and gains considerable profit from using Linux.SSS_SINGLE_SELIBM could provide its clients with cheap operating system because________.Aits programmers around the world develop Linux essentially at no cost.Bit makes money by providing its client with toll services supporting the operating system instead.Cit could save a lot of money by using open-source software.Dit has shifted its R&D outside, which save a lot of money.SSS_SINGLE_SELA**petitors will would lose their market share gradually which would be taken by R&D.Bthey fail to adopt the new model of open business which would pave the way to constant business success.Cthey do not recognize the best time to shift their backward business model.Dhey will be sifted out by the market as a result of their conservativeness.PASSAGE THREEIn the cause of equal rights, feminists have had much to complain about. But one striking piece of inequality has been conveniently overlooked: lifespan. In this area, women have the upper hand. All round the world, they live longer than men. Why they should do so is not immediately obvious. But the same is true in many other species. From lions to antelope and from sea lions to deer, males, for some reason, simply can't go the distance. One theory is that males **pete for female attention. That means evolution is busy selecting for antlers, aggression and alloy wheels in males, at the expense of longevity. Females are not subject to such pressures. If this theory is correct, the effect will be especially noticeable in those specieswhere **pete for the attention of lots of females. Conversely, itwill be reduced or absent where they do not.To test that idea, Tim Clutton-Brock of Cambridge University and Kavita Isvaran of the Indian Institute of Science in Bengalooru decided to compare monogamous and polygynous species (in the latter, a male monopolizes a number of females). They wanted to find out whether polygynous males had lower survival rates and aged faster than those of monogamous species. To do so, they collected the relevant data for 35 species of long-lived birds and mammals.As they report, the pattern was much as they expected. In 16 of the 19 polygynous species in their sample, males of all ages were much more likely to die during any given period than were females. Furthermore, the older they got, the bigger the mortality gap became. In other words, they aged faster. Males from monogamous species did not show these patterns. The point about polygyny is that if one male has exclusive access to, say, ten females, another nine males will be waiting to topple the harem master as soon as he shows the first sign of weakness. The **petitive pressure means that individuals who succeed put all their efforts into one or two breeding seasons.That obviously takes its toll directly. But a more subtle effect may also be at work. Most students of ageing agree that an animal’s maximum lifespan is set by how long it can reasonably expect to escape predation, disease, accident and damaging aggression by others of its kind. If it will be killed quickly anyway, there is not much reason for evolution to divert scarce resources into keeping the machine in tip-top condition. Those resources should, instead, be devoted to reproduction. And the more threatening the outside world is, the shorter the maximum lifespan should be.There is no reason why that logic should not work between the sexes as well as between species. The test is to identify a species that has made its environment so safe that most of its members die of old age, and see if the difference continues to exist. Fortunately, there is such a species: man. Dr Clutton-Brock reckons that the sex difference in both human rates of ageing and in the usual age of death is an indicator that polygyny was the rule in humanity's evolutionary past—as it still is, in some places. That may not please some feminists, but it could be the price women have paid for outliving their menfolk.SSS_SINGLE_SELThe passage is mainly discussing about ________.Adifference in life span between males and females of different species.Bdifference in life span among species of different mating patterns.Cthe reason of why human females outlive their male counterparts.Dnatural selection among males and females during evolution.SSS_SINGLE_SELIn th e sentence “That means evolution is busy selecting for antlers, aggression and alloy wheels in males…”, “antlers, aggression and alloy wheels” represent ________.Athe most excellent ones.Bthe most powerful ones.Cthe most attractive ones.Dthe most aggressive ones.SSS_SINGLE_SELWhich one of the following statement is TRUE of points proved by the test of Tim Clutton-Brock and Kavita Isvaran?APolygamous species have shorter life spans than molygynous species.BPolygamous species aged faster than molygynous species.CPolygamous males decrease faster in number as they grow older.DMonogamous males live as long as their females.SSS_SINGLE_SELThe logic behind the fact that the species living in the most dangerous environment have the shortest lifespan is that ________.Aresources should be devoted to reproduction rather than sustaining life.Bresources should be used most efficiently.Cspecies in the most dangerous environment should not waste the resources.Dthere is no need to divert scarce resources into keeping the machine in best condition.SSS_SINGLE_SELThe test conducted by Tim Clutton-Brock and Kavita Isvaran demonstrates that ________.APolygyny was the rule in humanity's evolutionary past.BThe sex difference on life span is attributable to humans' biological past which should not be denied by feminists.CThe logic does not work between the sexes as well as between species.DIt was polygyny that accounts for human females' general longevity over males.PASSAGE FOURWith technology leased from the **pany Tronical, Gibson has modified its classic Les Paul design to create a guitar that adjusts itself to one of six preset tunings. This is no instrument for beginners. Retailing for between $2,200 and $2,500, the Robot Guitar is courting serious hobbyists and professionals who demand precision tuning, or frequently switch between different tunings and don't want the hassle of lugging multiple instruments around. “It's a cool idea. Nobody likes tuning,” concedes Dinosaur Jr. frontman J. Mascis. “But I have to wait for the drummer to rest anyway between songs.” **pany, called TransPerformance, sells a similar tuning device that it willinstall in your nonrobotic guitar for you. But Gibson's is the first out-of-the-box self-tuning ax.It sounds like a minor development in guitar technology, even rather gimmicky. But for an instrument that has barely evolved since the 1950s, the Robot Guitar is nothing short of magic: simply pull out the “master control knob” and strum the guita r. The knob lights up as a computer embedded in the back of the guitar measures eachstring's pitch. The tuning pegs turn by themselves, making a robotic whirring sound that enhances the wow. The control knob's lights flash blue when your instrument is locked into the tuning you select. If you're so inclined you can override the device and tune manually. But why would you? It takes all of 10 seconds for the Robot Guitar to do its thing—and blow your mind as it hasn't been blown since the first time you hear d “Eruption.”In an industry that has been flat to sagging, the Robot Guitar could provide a welcome boost to retailers. After 10 years of brisk growth, guitar sales headed south in 2006, according to the April 2007 Music Trades Magazine industry census. Low-end beginner acoustic guitar sales dropped 24.4 percent last year; electric guitars fell 19.1 percent. Certainly there is a dearth of righteous shredding ontoday's Top 40 radio. And the wildly popular videogame “Guitar Hero” allows even the most tone-deaf nonmusician to simulate the experience of rocking out. Professional musicians account for 15 percent of instrument purchases in the country, according to George Van Horn, a senior analyst at IBISWorld. “Gibson is obviously aiming high, but it's worth c hasing” the pros, he says.Judging by all the buzz the Robot Guitar has generated, Gibson won't have a hard time chasing down anyone. “You don't see this kind of excitement often,” says Norman Hajjar, the chief marketing officer at Guitar Center, which has stocked 1,000 of the 4,000 Robot Guitars hitting the market nationwide Dec. 7. “They're quite a draw. We let people touch and play with the guitars—they're putting them through their paces. It really charms people.” As of Thursday morning, Guitar Center had already taken deposits on roughly a third of the 1,000 Robot Guitars they have in stock.The very fact that “Guitar Hero” and now “Rock Band” are powerchording their way off store shelves this holiday season proves that the dream is alive. The reason th at the odious song “Rock Star” is currently ubiquitous has nothing to do with quality songwriting. Truth is, we all want to be rock stars; the videogames and Nickelback's opus get us all a little closer to living the。
广西民族大学民族学概论2018年考研真题
2018年广西民族大学
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广西民族大学
2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试初试自命题科目试题
试卷代号：A卷科目代码：852科目名称：民族学概论
考生须知
1．答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题、草稿纸上无效。
2．答题时一律使用蓝或黑色钢笔、签字笔书写。
3．交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭证）。
否则，产生的一切后果由考生自负。
一、名词解释（每小题5分，共4小题，共20分）
1.民族融合
2.民族调查“五勤”
3.婚姻
4.参与观察
二、简答题（每小题20分，共2小题，共40分）
1.民间文学的表现形式主要有哪些？
2.宗教有哪些功能？
三、论述题（每小题30分，共3小题，共90分）
1.田野调查工作者应该具备什么样的素质？
2.试论民族学与一些主要学科的密切关系？
3.关于文化变迁有哪些学说？
第1页共1页。
2018年学位英语试题a卷及答案
2018年学位英语试题a卷及答案一、阅读理解（共20分）1. 根据所给文章，以下哪个选项最符合作者的观点？A. 教育是提高个人收入的关键因素。
B. 教育对于个人职业发展没有影响。
C. 教育投资的回报率在不断下降。
D. 教育对于个人发展的重要性被高估了。
答案：A2. 文章中提到的“知识经济”主要指的是什么？A. 以知识为基础的经济体系。
B. 以自然资源为基础的经济体系。
C. 以资本为基础的经济体系。
D. 以劳动力为基础的经济体系。
答案：A3. 作者认为教育对于社会经济发展的作用是什么？A. 教育可以促进经济增长。
B. 教育可以减少社会不平等。
C. 教育可以提高社会稳定性。
D. 教育可以解决所有社会问题。
答案：A二、词汇与语法（共20分）4. The company has announced that it will ________ a new product next month.A. launchB. landC. crashD. crash答案：A5. Despite the heavy rain, the match ________.A. went offB. went outC. went onD. went over答案：C三、完形填空（共20分）6. The new policy has been ________ to reduce the environmental impact of industries.A. implementedB. imitatedC. simplifiedD. complicated答案：A7. The team ________ the project on time, which greatly impressed the client.A. accomplishedB. accompaniedC. complicatedD. complicated答案：A四、翻译（共20分）8. 随着科技的发展，远程工作变得越来越普遍。
广西民族大学810英语教学论2020年考研真题
硕士研究生入学考试专业课初试真题 2020年广西民族大学考研专业课初试真题2020年硕士研究生招生考试试题【A】卷科目代码及名称：810英语教学论考生须知1．答案须写在答题纸密封线内，写在试卷、草稿纸等均无效。
2．答题时一律使用蓝或黑色钢笔、签字笔书写。
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I．Explain the following terms(25points,5points for each)1.Grammar Translation Method2.Extrinsic Motivation3.Constructivism4.Foreign Language Anxiety5.Summative EvaluationII．Answer the following questions.(40points,15points for each)1.What are the major types of grammar presentation method?In your opinion,what are their advantages and disadvantages?2.What is a process approach to writing?In your opinion,what are its advantagesand disadvantages?III.Read the following assumptions about vocabulary in English learning and decide which one is true（T for true）or false（F for false）,give reasons for your decision.(40 points,4points for each)1.A vocabulary item can be more than one word.2.Words must be learned in language contexts.nguages consist of“word”with equivalents from one language to another.4.If we do not use the words we learned,we will soon forget them.5.An English-English dictionary is an important aid for students6.Both teachers and students need to know that there is a difference betweenactive and passive vocabulary.7.Words can be taught and learned most effectively in groups of words which are8.The best way to explain vocabulary is translation.9.Vocabulary cannot be taught.It must be learned by the individuals.10.English-English explanations are the best for vocabulary teaching.IV.Design a lesson based on the following requirements(45points)Directions:In this part,you are to design a45-minute vocabulary lesson according to the information provided.Information:Type of the lesson:vocabularyStudents:40junior middle school students,Grade7Lesson duration:45minutesThe aim of the lesson:by the end of this lesson,students will able to use thefollowing words:carry,fetch,bring,and take.Your answer should include:1.A lesson plan which includes:1）Teaching objectives(at least3objectives,9points,3points for each)2）Teaching important and difficult points(8points,4points for each)3）Teaching aids(5points)4）Teaching procedures(at least3steps,15points,5points for each)2.Predicted problems and solutions(8points,4points for each)。
2018年广西民族大学基础英语考研真题A卷
2018年广西民族大学基础英语考研真题A卷一、Vocabulary, Grammar and General KnowledgeDirections: Find the ONE choice that best completes the sentence.（每小题 2 分，共 30 小题，共 60 分）1. The winners of the football championship ran off the field carrying the silver cup ______ .A. turbulentlyB. tremendouslyC. triumphantlyD. tentatively2. He said that they had ______ been obliged to give up the scheme for lack of support.A. gravelyB. regrettablyC. forciblyD. graciously3. The law on drinking and driving is ______ stated.A. extravagantlyB. empiricallyC. exceptionallyD. explicitly4. Their claims to damages have not been convincingly ______.A. refutedB. overwhelmedC. depressedD. intimidated5. Please don’t ______ too much on the painful memories.Everything will be all right.A. hesitateB. lingerC. retainD. dwell6. In today’s medical, little agreement exists on the ______for defining mental illness.A. legislationB. requirementC. criteriaD. measures7.The lady in this strange tale very obviously suffers from a serious mental illness. Her plot against a completely innocent old man is a clear signof________.A. impulseB. insanityC. inspirationD. disposition8. The Prime Minister was followed by five or six _______ when he got off the plane.A. laymenB. servantsC. directorsD. attendants9. There is no doubt that the ________ of these goods to the others is easy to see.A. prestigeB. superiorityC. priorityD. publicity10. All the guests were invited to attend the wedding ________ and had a very good time.A. feastB. congratulationsC. festivalD.recreation11.Lucy ____ going back to school since she saved enough money, but she hasn’t decided yet.A. consideredB. had consideredC. is going to considerD. has been considering12. I am surprised ____ the exam is pretty difficult.A. with what you were thinkingB. that you should thinkC. that you would thinkD. by what you are thinking13. It is imperative that you ____ you resignation before Friday.A. handed inB. would hand inC. hand inD. have to hand in14.Which of the following italicized phrases isINCORRECT?A. The car runs twice faster than that truck.B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.C. Rebecca has three times the strength of Lily.D. The coat is sold at double the usual price.15. Engines are to machines ____ hearts are to animals.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. what16. In doing experiments, you must be ____ the precision instruments.A. more than careful withB. more careful than withC. careful more than withD. with more careful than17. Little ____ what was upsetting me.A. may he realizeB. he realizesC. he may realizeD. did he realize18. ____ more attention, the trees could have grown better.A. Being givenB. GivenC. To giveD. Giving19.Many an elderly man ____ willing to continue working after retirement so thattime can be easily killed.A. isB. areC. wereD. be20. It’s no good ____ her. She is such a miser that she won’t spare a penny out.A. to turn toB. turning toC. turn toD. turnedto21.______ is the branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of speechsounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transportation.A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. PhonemeD. Phonetictypology22.Which of the following are regarded as Shakespeare’s four great tragedies?A.Romeo and Juliet, hamlet, Othello, King LearB.Romeo and Juliet, hamlet, Othello, MacbethC.Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, MacbethD. Romeo and Juliet, Othello, Macbeth, Timon of Athens23. William Wordsworth is generally known as a ____ poet.A. romanticB. realisticC. naturalisticD. neo-classic24. Charles Dickens wrote all of the following except ___.A. Oliver TwistB. David CopperfieldC. A Tale of Two CitiesD. Heart of Darkness25. British prime minister normally serves a ______ term.A. two-yearB. five-yearC. four-yearD. six-year26. __________________________ is sometimes called the birthplace of America.A. New EnglandB. the SouthC. the WestD. the Midwest27. Semantics is the study of ______________________.A. linguistic competenceB. language functionsC. meaningsD. socialbehavior28. Which of the following is not generally believed to be area of linguistics?A. syntaxB. semanticsC. phonologyD. etiology29. TG grammar was advanced by_______________________________.A. SearleB. WhorfC. HallidayD. Noam Chomsky30. The morpheme “scope” in the common word “telescope” is a(n) ___.A. bound morphemeB. bound formC. inflectional morphemeD. free morpheme二、ClozeDirections: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank thereare four choices marked [A]，[B]，[C] and [D] .You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.（每小题 1.5 分，共 20 小题，共 30 分）Our society seems to be gripped with an idea that the media plays a substantial role in the attitudes, behavior and fitness of youth today. If a child beats another child to death with a wrench or shoots a classmate, it is the 1 TV programs which they watch that areto 2 , not the parents or the supervisors who are 3 to be there to make suretheir kids do the right thing.As cliché as it may 4 , it has been rightly said all things have their good as well asbad 5 . In the similar 6 media also has its good as well as bad influence onyouth. Well these were the negative influence of media on youth. Now we focus onthe 7 aspects of media.Media plays a very important role in creating 8 . There are certain issues whichremain 9 among youngsters as they feel guarded concerning it. Media helps inproviding information regarding such topics. There are many such topics that are 10 bythe media. The current one that can be talked about is the quota system in colleges. Mediacreated awareness that how 11 was being done with 12 candidates due toreservations in colleges. There was 13 taken out bystudents in order toobject 14 this bias discrimination.Media being one of the important means to 15 to the masses and influence theirthinking and decision making, only to the positive media cannot attract16 of themasses, and to 17 viewership, negative media has to be18 to balance out andattract the masses, but a 19 has to be drawn between the positive and the negativemedia in the 20 of the younger generation.1. [A] vast [B] bewildering [C] overwhelming[D] violent2. [A] function [B] blame [C] condemn[D] impair3. [A] obliged [B] supposed [C] tempted[D] doomed4. [A] allege [B] claim [C] sound[D] prove5. [A] effects [B] aspects [C] indicators[D] attributes6. [A] method [B] token [C] tendency[D] conduct7. [A] alternative [B] tentative [C] primitive[D] affirmative8. [A] awareness [B] illusion [C] expectation[D] sentiment9. [A] untouched [B] unimaginable [C] unexplained[D] unavailable10. [A] ignored [B] considered [C] highlighted[D] discarded11. [A] prejudice [B] inconsistency [C] injustice[D] distrust12. [A] potential [B] deserving [C] ambitious[D] eloquent13. [A] procession [B] collision [C] indignation[D] friction14. [A] versus [B] despite [C] beyond[D] regarding15. [A] level out [B] get out [C] reach out[D] make out16. [A] attention [B] alert [C] concern [D] intention17. [A] magnify [B] expect [C] expand[D] gain18. [A] mobilized [B] assigned [C] merged[D] incorporated19. [A] comparison [B] distinction [C] line[D] barrier20. [A] benefit [B] interest [C] profit[D] advantage三、Reading Comprehension （每小题 2 分，共 20 小题，共 40 分）PASSAGE ONEIf you found yourself in a cocktail bar with a Neanderthal man, what would he say? A good conversation is one of the great joys of being human, but it is not clear just how far back in the hominid lineage the ability to use language stretches. The question of when grunts and yelps turned into words and phrases is a tricky one. One way of trying to answer it is to look in the fossil record for evidence about what modern humanity's closest relatives could do.Svante Pääbo, of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, and his colleagues have done just that. Dr Pääbo is an expert in e xtracting and interpreting the DNA of fossils. As he reports in the latest issue of Current Biology, he and his team have worked their magic on a gene called FOXP2 found in Neanderthal remains from northern Spain. The reason for picking this particular gene is that it is the only one known so far to have a direct connection with speech. In 1990, a family with an inherited speech disorder known as verbal dyspraxia drew the attention of genetics researchers. Those researchers identified a mutation in FOXP2 as the cause of the dyspraxia.Since then FOXP2 has been the subject of intensive study. It has been linked to the production of birdsong and the ultrasonic musings of mice. It is a conservative type, not changing much from species to species. But it has undergone two changes since humans split from chimpanzees 6m years ago, and some researchers believe these changes played a crucial role in the development of speech and language.If these changes are common to modern humans and Neanderthals, they must predate the separation of the line leading to Homo sapiens from the one leading to Homo neanderthalensis. Dr Pääbo's research suggests precisely that: the FOXP2 genes from modern humans and Neanderthals are essentially the same. To the extent that the gene enables language, it enables it in both species.There has been much speculation about Neanderthals' ability to speak. They were endowed with a hyoid bone, which anchors the tongue and allows a wide variety of movements of the larynx. Neanderthal skulls also show evidence of a large hypoglossal canal. This is the route taken by the nerves that supply the tongue. As such, it is a requisite for the exquisitely complex movements of speech. Moreover, the inner-ear structure of Homo heidelbergensis, an ancestor of Neanderthals, shows that this species was highly sensitive to the frequencies of sound that are associated with speech.That Neanderthals also shared with moderns the single known genetic component of speech is another clue that they possessed the necessary apparatus for having a good natter. But suggestive as that is, the question remains open. FOXP2 is almost certainly not “the language gene”. Without doubt, it is involved in the control and regulation of the motions of speech, but whether it plays a role in the cognitive processes that must precede talking remains unclear—jokes about engaging brain before putting mouth in gear notwithstanding. The idea that the forebears of modern humans could talk would scupper the notion that language was the force that created modern human culture—otherwise, why would they not have built civilizations? But it would make that chat with a Neanderthal much more interesting.1.Which one of the following statements is NOT true of Neanderthal men?[A]they are derived from a branch of early Neanderthals called Homoheidelbergensis.[B]they are existent descendant of Homo neanderthalensis.[C]they are Homo sapiens’s closest relatives.[D]they are officially named Homo neanderthalensis in the academic circle.2.Svante Pääbo and his team c arried out a study on FOXP2 in order to_____[A]trace the appearance and evolution of the speech ability.[B]find out how far back in the hominid lineage the ability to use languagestretches.[C]find evidence proving the gene which controls the motion of speech.[D]identify the crucial changes that had taken place on this gene and the consequent influence.3.The gene of FOXP2 is regarded as a gene with a direct connection with speech because_____[A]it was found in Neanderthal remains from northern Spain.[B]it was found that sudden change of FOXP2 may lead to speech disorder.[C]it was linked to the production of birdsong and the ultrasonic musings ofmice.[D]it does not change much from species to species.4.The word “scupper” (Line 7, Paragraph 6) most probably means _____[A] deny. [B] defeat. [C] demolish. [D] destory.5.From the findings of Dr Pääbo's research it may be inferred that_____[A]FOXP2 is the gene that enables the speech ability in both humans andNeanderthals.[B]the fork separating the line leading to Homo sapiens from that to Homoneanderthalensis is wrong.[C]more important genes should be identified which control speech ability and cognitive process.[D]the establishment of human civilization as a result of language ability mightbe false.PASSAGE TWOBerkeley seems like a fitting place to find the godfather of the open-innovation movement basking in glory. The Californian village was, after all, at the very heart of the anti-establishment movement of the 1960s and has spawned plenty of radical thinkers. One of them, Henry Chesbrough, a business professor at the University of California at Berkeley, observes with a smile that “this is the 40th anniversary of the Summer of Love.”Mr Chesbrough's two books “Open Innovation” and “Open Business Models”have popularised the notion of looking for bright ideas outside of an organisation. As the concept of open innovation has become ever more fashionable, the corporate R&D lab has become decreasingly relevant. Most ideas don't come from there.To see why travel to Cincinnati, Ohio—which is about as far removed culturally from Berkeley as one can get in America. The conservative mid-western city is home to P&G, historically one of the most traditional firms in America. For decades, the company that brought the world Ivory soap, Crest toothpaste and Ariel detergent had a closed innovation process, centred around its own secretive R&D operations.No longer. P&G has radically altered the way it comes up with new ideas and products. It now welcomes and works with universities, suppliers and outside inventors. It also offers them a share in the rewards. In less than a decade, P&G has increased the proportion of new-product ideas originating from outside of the firm from less than a fifth to around half. That has boosted innovation and, says its boss, Mr Lafley, is the main reason why P&G has been able to grow at 6% a year between 2001 and 2006, tripling annual profits to $8.6 billion. The company now has a market capitalization of over $200 billion.IBM is another iconic firm that has jumped on the open-innovation bandwagon. The once-secretive company has done a sharp U-turn and embraced Linux, an open-source software language. IBM now gushes about being part of the “open-innovation community”, yielding hundreds of software patents to the “creative commons” rather than registering them for itself. However, it also continues to take out patents at a record pace in other areas, such as advanced materials, and in the process racks up some $1 billion a year in licensing fees.Since an army of programmers around the world work on developing Linux essentially at no cost, IBM now has an extremely cheap and robust operating system. It makes money by providing its clients with services that support the use of Linux —and charging them for it. Using open-source software saves IBM a whopping $400ma year, according to Paul Horn, until recently the firm's head of research. The company is so committed to openness that it now carries out occasional “online jam sessions” during which tens of thousands of its employees exchange ideas in a mass form of brainstorming.Mr Chesbrough, of course, heartily approves. He gives dozens of other examples of firms doing similar things, ranging from Clorax, a household products firm to Air Products, an industrial gases company. Mr Chesbrough reckons that “IBM and P&G have timed their shift to a high-volume open-business model very well” and that if their competitors do not do the same they will be in trouble.6. “Summer of Love” is probably _____[A]a religious activity celebrating the open-innovation movement.[B]the anti-establishment movement.[C]a movement advocating the innovation.[D]an activity calling for open innovation.7. According to the passage, the annual profits of P&G in 2001 was about_____[A] $ 2.87 billion. [B] $ 1.075 billion. [C] $ 2.15 billion. [D] $ 4.3 billion.8. IBM now gushes about being part of the “open-innovation community” inthat_____[A]it embraced an open-source software language that is widely supported by the “creative commons”.[B]it endows people inside and outside the company with the access to the software patents it owns.[C]it encourages an extensive public involvement in the development of new software for the company.[D]it indeed whops its cost and gains considerable profit from using Linux.9.IBM could provide its clients with cheap operating system because_____[A] its programmers around the world develop Linux essentially at no cost.[B] it makes money by providing its client with toll services supporting theoperatingsystem instead.[C]it could save a lot of money by using open-source software.[D]it has shifted its R&D outside, which save a lot of money.10.According to the last paragraph, if their competitors do not do the same they will be in trouble because_____[A] their competitors will would lose their market share gradually which would be taken by R&D.[B] they fail to adopt the new model of open business which would pave the way to constant business success.[C] they do not recognize the best time to shift their backwardbusiness model. [D] they will be sifted out by the market as a resultof their conservativeness.PASSAGE THREEIn the cause of equal rights, feminists have had much to complain about. But one striking piece of inequality has been conveniently overlooked: lifespan. In this area, women have the upper hand. All round the world, they live longer than men. Why they should do so is not immediately obvious. But the same is true in many other species. From lions to antelope and from sea lions to deer, males, for some reason, simply can't go the distance. One theory is that males must compete for female attention. That means evolution is busy selecting for antlers, aggression and alloy wheels in males, at the expense of longevity. Females are not subject to such pressures. If this theory is correct, the effect will be especially noticeable in those species where males compete for the attention of lots of females. Conversely, it will be reduced or absent where they do not.To test that idea, Tim Clutton-Brock of Cambridge University and Kavita Isvaran of the Indian Institute of Science in Bengalooru decided to compare monogamous and polygynous species (in the latter, a male monopolizes a number of females). They wanted to find out whether polygynous males had lower survival rates and aged faster than those of monogamous species. To do so, they collected the relevant data for 35 species of long-lived birds and mammals.As they report, the pattern was much as they expected. In 16 of the 19 polygynous species in their sample, males of all ages were much more likely to die during any given period than were females. Furthermore, the older they got, the bigger the mortality gap became. In other words, they aged faster. Males from monogamous species did not show these patterns. The point about polygyny is that if one male has exclusive access to, say, ten females, another nine males will be waiting to topple the harem master as soon as he shows the first sign of weakness. The intense competitive pressure means that individuals who succeed put all their efforts into one or two breeding seasons.That obviously takes its toll directly. But a more subtle effect may also be at work. Most students of ageing agree that an animal's maximum lifespan is set by how long it can reasonably expect to escape predation, disease, accident and damaging aggression by others of its kind. If it will be killed quickly anyway, there is not much reason for evolution to divert scarce resources into keeping the machine in tip-top condition. Those resources should, instead, be devoted to reproduction. And the more threatening the outside world is, the shorter the maximum lifespan should be.There is no reason why that logic should not work between the sexes as well as between species. The test is to identify a species that has made its environment so safe that most of its members die of old age, and see if the difference continues to exist. Fortunately, there is such a species: man. Dr Clutton-Brock reckons that the sex difference in both human rates of ageing and in the usual age of death is an indicator that polygyny was the rule in humanity's evolutionary past—as it stillis, in some places. That may not please some feminists, but it could be the price women have paid for outliving their menfolk.11. The passage is mainly discussing about_____[A]difference in life span between males and females of different species.[B]difference in life span among species of different mating patterns.[C]the reason of why human females outlive their male counterparts.[D]natural selection among males and females during evolution.12.In the sentence “That means evolution is busy selecting for antlers, aggression and alloy wheels in males…”, “antlers, aggression and alloy wheels”represent_____[A] the mostexcellent ones. [B]the most powerfulones.[C] the mostattractive ones. [D]the most aggressiveones.13.Which one of the following statement is TRUE of points proved by the test of Tim Clutton-Brock and Kavita Isvaran?[A] Polygamous species have shorter life spans than molygynousspecies. [B] Polygamous species aged faster than thanmolygynous species.[C] Polygamous males decrease faster in number as they growolder. [D] Monogamous males live as long as their females.14.The logic behind the fact that the species living in the most dangerous environment have the shortest lifespan is that_____[A] resources should be devoted to reproduction rather thansustaining life. [B] resources should be used most efficiently.[C] species in the most dangerous environment should not waste the resources.[D] there is no need to divert scarce resources into keeping the machine in best condition.15.The test conducted by Tim Clutton-Brock and Kavita Isvaran demostratesthat_____[A] Polygyny was the rule in humanity’s evolutionary past.[B] The sex difference on life span is attributable to humans’ biological pastwhichshould not be denied by feminists.[C]The logic does not work between the sexes as well as between species.[D]It was polygyny that accounts for human females’ general longevity overmales.PASSAGE FOURWith technology leased from the German company Tronical, Gibson has modified its classic Les Paul design to create a guitar that adjusts itself to one of six preset tunings. This is no instrument for beginners. Retailing for between $2,200 and $2,500, the Robot Guitar is courting serious hobbyists and professionals who demand precision tuning, or frequently switch between different tunings and don't want the hassle of lugging multiple instruments around. "It's a cool idea. Nobody likes tuning," concedes Dinosaur Jr. frontman J. Mascis. "But I have to wait for the drummer to rest anyway between songs." Another company, called TransPerformance, sells a similar tuning device that it will install in your nonrobotic guitar for you. But Gibson's is the first out-of-the-box self-tuning ax.It sounds like a minor development in guitar technology, even rather gimmicky. But for an instrument that has barely evolved since the 1950s, the Robot Guitar is nothing short of magic: simply pull out the "master control knob" and strum the guitar. The knob lights up as a computer embedded in the back of the guitar measures each string's pitch. The tuning pegs turn by themselves, making a robotic whirring sound that enhances the wow. The control knob's lights flash blue when your instrument is locked into the tuning you select. If you're so inclined you can override the device and tune manually. But why would you? It takes all of 10 seconds for the Robot Guitar to do its thing—and blow your mind as it hasn't been blown since the first time you heard "Eruption."In an industry that has been flat to sagging, the Robot Guitar could provide a welcome boost to retailers. After 10 years of brisk growth, guitar sales headed south in 2006, according to the April 2007 Music Trades Magazine industry census. Low-end beginner acoustic guitar sales dropped 24.4 percent last year; electric guitars fell 19.1 percent. Certainly there is a dearth of righteous shredding on today's Top 40 radio. And the wildly popular videogame "Guitar Hero" allows even the most tone-deaf nonmusician to simulate the experience of rocking out. Professional musicians account for 15 percent of instrument purchases in the country, according to George Van Horn, a senior analyst at IBISWorld. "Gibson is obviously aiming high, but it's worth chasing" the pros, he says.Judging by all the buzz the Robot Guitar has generated, Gibson won't have a hard time chasing down anyone. "You don't see this kind of excitement often," says Norman Hajjar, the chief marketing officer at Guitar Center, which has stocked 1,000 of the 4,000 Robot Guitars hitting the market nationwide Dec. 7. "They're quite a draw. We let people touch and play with the guitars—they're putting them through their paces. It really charms people." As of Thursday morning, Guitar Center had already taken deposits on roughly a third of the 1,000 Robot Guitars they have in stock.The very fact that "Guitar Hero" and now "Rock Band" are power-chording their way off store shelves this holiday season proves that the dream is alive. The reason that the odious song "Rock Star" is currently ubiquitous has nothing to do with quality songwriting. Truth is, we all want to be rock stars; the videogames and Nickelback's opus get us all a little closer to living the fantasy. But with the Robot Guitar, it's the musicians themselves who have gotten a long overdue leg up.16.By saying “But I have to wait for the drummer to rest anyway between songs”, J. Mascis means_____[A]that he could use this kind of device only when the drummer stops.[B]that he has no necessity or urgency to use the self-turning guitar.[C]that he make use of the self-turning guitar for precision tuning when the drummer takes a break.[D]that he have to wait for the drummer to follow him if he use theself-tuning guitar. 17.The word “override” (Line 7, Paragraph 2) mostprobably means_____[A] shift. [B] close. [C] set aside. [D]disregard.18.Which one of the following statement is NOT true ofguitar sales? [A] Guitar sales have been going up slowlyin the past then years. [B] Guitar sales has witnessed itsswitch to loss of margin in 2006.[C] The fall of guitar sales is due to the drop of purchase by professionalmusicians. [D] Guitar sales are pinched by the development of the musicgames.19.Which one of the following statements is TRUE of George Van Horn’s opinions on the gimmicky?[A] He thinks although Gibson’s plan is worth trying, it should lower itsexpectation. [B] He thinks Gibson’s target group is too narrow and it should expand to larger clients.[C] He thinks Gibson’s idea has its value and future though he thinks too highly of his invention.[D] He thinks Gibson has made right choice in choosing future customers.20.From the last paragraph, it can be inferred that _____[A]guitar videogames will be a threat to the Robot Guitar.[B]the Robot Guitar can not be mentioned in the same breath with “Guitar Hero”and “Rock Bank”.[C]“Guitar Hero” and “Rock Bank” triumphs over the Robot Guitar.[D]“Rock Star” will be defeated by the Robot Guitar.四、Language UsageDirections: The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum。
2018年广西民族大学357英语翻译基础考研真题试题试卷
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广 西 民 族 大 学 2018 年全国硕士研究生招生考试初试自命题科目试题
试卷代号：A 卷 考生须知 科目代码：357 科目名称：英语翻译基础
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knives, making guns for the Berbers in the mountains. They are dying wool in vast cauldrons, big cauldrons full of dye emerald green, violet, Orient blue. They are making sienna earth pottery, weaving rugs, shaving, shampooing and writing legal documents right there, under your eyes. One Arab is asleep over his bag of saffron. Another is praying with his beads while selling herbs. Further, a big tintamarre, the street of copperwork. Little boys are beating copper trays with small hammers, beating a design into them, beating copper lamps, Aladdin’s lamps. Little boys and old men do the work. They hold the tray between their legs. The younger men walk down the street in their burnouses, going I know not where, some so beautiful one thinks they are women. The women are veiled. They are going to the mosque, probably. At a certain hour all selling, all work ceases and they all go to the mosque. But first of all they wash their faces, their feet, their sore eyes, their leprous noses, their pock-marked skins at the fountain. 2. Translate the following passage into English (60 points). 今年恰逢 10+3 合作启动 20 周年。20 年前，在全球化、区域一体化和多极化深入发 展的时代潮流下，在共同抗击亚洲金融风暴中，东亚国家开启了 10+3 合作进程。20 年 来，10+3 合作历经两次大规模金融危机洗礼，开辟了 20 多个合作领域，建立起 60 多 个对话合作机制，被公认为东亚合作的主渠道，成为亚洲地区机制最完善、成果最显著 的合作机制之一，为推动各国对话合作、促进地区发展繁荣作出了重要贡献。地区合作 取得积极进展。在此过程中，地区国家逐渐形成了具有鲜明东亚特色的 10+3 合作文化， 可用三个关键词来归纳：一是共识；二是联通；三是全面。女士们，先生们，朋友们， 二十载， 10+3 砥砺奋进， 成就斐然。在毛泽东主席的故乡湖南，我想引用他的名句： “世 上无难事，只要肯登攀” 。这句诗磅礴大气，充满正能量，更坚定了我们加强 10+3 合作 的信心。站在新起点，我们宜登高望远，阔步前行，推动 10+3 合作迈上新台阶，开创 更加美好的东亚发展前景。
广西民族大学810英语教学论历年考研真题2017-2020
考试科目代码及名称：810英语教学论第1页共2页2020年硕士研究生招生考试试题【A】卷科目代码及名称：810英语教学论考生须知1．答案须写在答题纸密封线内，写在试卷、草稿纸等均无效。
2．答题时一律使用蓝或黑色钢笔、签字笔书写。
3．交卷时，请本人将试卷、答题纸放入试题袋内，密封后在封条与试卷袋骑缝处亲笔签名。
I ．Explain the following terms (25points,5points for each)1.Grammar Translation Method2.Extrinsic Motivation3.Constructivism4.Foreign Language Anxiety5.Summative EvaluationII ．Answer the following questions.(40points,15points for each)1.What are the major types of grammar presentation method?In your opinion,what are their advantages and disadvantages?2.What is a process approach to writing?In your opinion,what are its advantages and disadvantages?III.Read the following assumptions about vocabulary in English learning and decide which one is true （T for true ）or false （F for false ）,give reasons for your decision.(40points,4points for each)1.A vocabulary item can be more than one word.2.Words must be learned in language contexts.nguages consist of “word”with equivalents from one language to another.4.If we do not use the words we learned,we will soon forget them.5.An English-English dictionary is an important aid for students6.Both teachers and students need to know that there is a difference between active and passive vocabulary.7.Words can be taught and learned most effectively in groups of words which are。
2018年广西民族大学考研试题英语翻译基础(A卷)
广西民族大学2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试初试自命题科目试题试卷代号：A卷科目代码：357科目名称：英语翻译基础考生须知1．答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题、草稿纸上无效。
2．答题时一律使用蓝或黑色钢笔、签字笔书写。
3．交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭证）。
否则，产生的一切后果由考生自负。
Part I Terminology and Phrase Translation(30%)1.Translate the following terms,phrases or acronyms into Chinese(15points).(1)Brexit(2)geek(3)fake news(4)counter-terrorism(5)fidget spinner(6)echo-chamber(7)bullet screen(8)APEC(9)IRC(10)CBD(11)crunch time(12)to burn one’s boat(13)to show one’s card(14)armed to the teeth(15)Achilles’heel2.Translate the following terms,phrases or acronyms into English(15points).(1)不忘初心(2)人工智能(3)共享经济(4)金融自由化(5)经济复苏(6)无人超市(7)子弹头列车(8)汉语文化圈(9)民心相通(10)社会公平(11)医疗制度改革(12)创新型国家(13)不平衡不充分的发展(14)不成则败(15)请勿疲劳驾驶！Part II Passage Translation(120%)1.Translate the following passage into Chinese(60points).A trip to Morocco.A short but vivid one.I fell in love with the city Fez.I have just left the balcony where I stood listening to the evening prayer rising over the white city.A religious emotion roused by the Arabs’lives,by the simplicity of it,the fundamental beauty.Stepping into the labyrinth of their streets,streets like intestines,two yards wide,into the abyss of their dark eyes,into peace.The rhythm affects one first of all.The slowness.Many people on the streets.You touch elbows.They breathe into your face,but with a silence,a gravity,a dreaminess.Only the children cry and laugh and run.The Arabs are silent.The little square room open on the street in which they sit on the ground,on the mud,with their merchandise around them.They are weaving,they are sewing,baking bread,chiseling jewels,repairingknives,making guns for the Berbers in the mountains.They are dying wool in vast cauldrons, big cauldrons full of dye emerald green,violet,Orient blue.They are making sienna earth pottery,weaving rugs,shaving,shampooing and writing legal documents right there,under your eyes.One Arab is asleep over his bag of saffron.Another is praying with his beads while selling herbs.Further,a big tintamarre,the street of copperwork.Little boys are beating copper trays with small hammers,beating a design into them,beating copper lamps,Aladdin’s lamps.Little boys and old men do the work.They hold the tray between their legs.The younger men walk down the street in their burnouses,going I know not where,some so beautiful one thinks they are women.The women are veiled.They are going to the mosque, probably.At a certain hour all selling,all work ceases and they all go to the mosque.But first of all they wash their faces,their feet,their sore eyes,their leprous noses,their pock-marked skins at the fountain.2.Translate the following passage into English(60points).今年恰逢10+3合作启动20周年。