2014年考研英语二真题及答案解析
Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured、【答案】B concluded【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。
根据句义，后面的部分实际上是研究的结论，因此concluded 符合题意，其他选项denied(否认)与意义相反，doubled(翻倍)与题意较远，ensured(确保)不符合题意，因为研究不能确保后面的事实，只能得出后面的事实作为结论。
所以正确答案为B。
2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome、【答案】A protective【解析】题干中，对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有_____。
根据前文研究的结论，超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，说明超重具有一定的保护作用。
Dangerous 和文章意思相反，sufficient表示充足，troublesome表示有麻烦，不符合题意，所以正确答案为A。
3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore、【答案】C likewise【解析】第三句话中，较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。
_____，在老年人中，一定程度上超重……。
需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词语。
A选项instead表示逆接的句意关系，B选项however也表示逆接，D选项therefore表示因此，只有C选项likewise 意为同样地;也，而且。
因此正确答案为C。
4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example、【答案】A indicator【解析】本句话中，_____，一定程度上超重，经常是健康的_____。
A选项，表示指示器，指标。
B选项objective表示客观;C选项origin表示来源，D选项example表示例子。
根据前面的文章内容，已经明确指出超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康的指标。
因此正确答案为A。
5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern、【答案】D concern【解析】本句话的句意是，需要更加_____是，很难对肥胖加以定义。
A、impact(印象);B、relevance(相关性);C、 assistance(辅助);D、concern(关注)。
前文已经说到肥胖事实上有利健康，但是又面临一个问题，到底如何去定义肥胖，因此需要更加关注的是对肥的定义，其他选项均不符合题意，所以正确答案为D。
6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of、【答案】A in terms of【解析】题干中,肥胖经常______体质指数，或称为BMI来定义。
A、in terms of ，根据……，就……而言。
B、In case of 表示在某种情况下， C、in favor of 表示赞成，以……来取代，D、in respect of，关于……。
因此正确答案为A。
在医学研究和临床测试中经常使用BMI作为衡量受试者健康的重要指标，希望考生能够记住这一背景知识，方便日后做题。
7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies、【答案】C equals【解析】本题题干中BMI_____体重除以身高的平方，这里是用文字叙述了BMI指数得出的方法，也就是一个数学公式，所以equal符合题意。
A measure(测量)、B determine 表示确定;D modify(修订)。
句义就是BMI等于体重除以身高的平方。
8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part、【答案】C in turn【解析】本题题干中，肥胖_____能够分成中度肥胖、重度肥胖和极度肥胖。
A、in essence(事实上、实际上); B、in contrast (相反地);C、in turn(依次); D、in part (部分地)。
本句是将肥胖依次分级，所以正确答案为C。
9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward、【答案】D straightforward【解析】题干中，相比之下，这样的数字标准看起来_____，实际上不是的。
A、complicated (复杂);B、conservative(保守)、C、variable(可变的);D、straightforward(直截了当);这里的数字标准指的就是肥胖指数，肥胖指数分为三类，而且算法比较简单，所以A复杂不正确，B选项保守，用于描述一种数学公式，不恰当，一名患者或一名受试者的BMI一般是确定的，因此可变的也不符合题意，D选项straightforward表示直截了当，符合题意，因此正确答案为D。
10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless【答案】B while【解析】本句中，一些人有很高的BMI，实际上身材正好，_____其他人有较低的BMI 指数，可能_____。
2014年考研英语二真题及答案(大师兄英语版)
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C]or[D]on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Thinner isn’t always better.A number of studies have1that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight.And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually2.For example,heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women.3among the elderly,being somewhat overweight is often an4of good health.Of even greater5is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define.It is often defined 6body mass index,or BMI.BMI7body mass divided by the square of height.An adult with a BMI of 18to25is often considered to be normal weight.Between25and30is overweight.And over30is considered obese.Obesity,8,can be divided into moderately obese,severely obese,and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem9,they are not.Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat.Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit,10others with a low BMI may be in poor 11.For example,many collegiate and professional football players12as obese,though their percentage body fat is low.Conversely,someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a13BMI.Today we have a(an)14to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes15in the media with their faces covered.Stereotypes16with obesity include laziness,lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese.17very young children tend to look down on the overweight,and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity,18in health concerns,have stimulated a number of anti-obesity 19.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities.Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives.Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign20childhood obesi-ty,even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D]ensured2.[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore4.[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]example5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern6.[A]in terms of[B]in case of[C]in favor of[D]in of7.[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies8.[A]in essence[B]in contrast[C]in turn[D]in part9.[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D]straightforward10.[A]so[B]while[C]since[D]unless11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste12.[A]start[B]qualify[C]retire[D]stay13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored16.[A]compared[B]combined[C]settled[D]associated17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Only18.[A]despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]grounded19.[A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]studies20.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]withoutSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1What would you do with590m?This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie,an84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small,tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history.If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment,she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive.Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes.Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly.What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat;regret creeps in.It is far better to spend money on experiences,say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips,unique meals or even going to the cinema.These purchases often become more valuable with time—as stories or memories—particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most“happiness bang for your buck.”It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television(something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing,and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself,and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly.This is apparently the reason MacDonald’s restricts the availability of its popular McRib—a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of Happy Money are clearly a privileged lot,anxious about fulfillment,not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness,but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones.Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people.Not everyone will agree with the authors’policy ideas,which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.21.According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?_____.[A]A big house[B]A special tour[C]A stylish car[D]A rich meal22.The author’s attitude toward Americans’watching TV is_____.[A]critical[B]supportive[C]sympathetic[D]ambiguous23.MacRib is mentioned in Paragraph3to show that_____.[A]consumers are sometimes irrational[B]popularity usually comes after quality[C]marketing tricks are after effective[D]rarity generally increases pleasure24.According to the last paragraph,Happy Money_____.[A]has left much room for readers’criticism[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the US[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement25.This text mainly discusses how to_____.[A]balance feeling good and spending money[B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries[C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent[D]become more reasonable in spending on luxuriesText2An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that,actually,you think you’re more beautiful than you are.We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to achieve this.Social psychologists have amassed oceans of research into what they call the“above average effect”,or“illusory superiority”,and shown that,for example,70%of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership,93%in driving and85%at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.We rose-tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations.We become defensive when critic-ized,and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem,we stalk around thinking we’re hot stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key study into self-enhancement and attractiveness.Rather than have people simply rate their beauty compared with others,he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselves from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive.Visual recognition,reads the study,is“an automatic psychological process,occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”.If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image—which most did—they genuinely believed it was really how they looked.Epley found no significant gender difference in responses.Nor was there any evidence that,those who self-enhance the most(that is,the participants who thought the most positively-doctored picture were real)were doing so to make up for profound insecurities.In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiv-eness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other markers for having higher self-esteem.“I don’t think the findings that we have are any evidence of personal delusion”,says Epley.“It’s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves’.If you are depressed,you won’t be self-enhancing.Knowing the results of Epley’s study,it makes sense that why people hate photographs of themselves viscerally—on one level,they don’t even recognize the person in the picture as themselves.Facebook therefore,is a self-enhancer’s paradise,where people can share only the most flattering photos,the cream of their wit,style, beauty,intellect and lifestyles.It’s not that people’s profiles are dishonest,says Catalina Toma of Wisconsin-Mad-ison University,“but they portray an idealized version of themselves.”26.According to the first paragraph,social psychologists have found that______.[A]our self-ratings are unrealistically high[B]illusory superiority is baseless effect[C]our need for leadership is unnatural[D]self-enhancing strategies are ineffective27.Visual recognition is believed to be people’s______.[A]rapid watching[B]conscious choice[C]intuitive response[D]automatic self-defense28.Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to______.[A]underestimate their insecurities[B]believe in their attractiveness[C]cover up their depressions[D]oversimplify their illusions29.The word“viscerally”(Line2,Para.5)is closest in meaning to_____.[A]instinctively[B]occasionally[C]particularly[D]aggressively30.It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancers’paradise because people can_____.[A]present their dishonest profiles[B]define their traditional lifestyles[C]share their intellectual pursuits[D]withhold their unflattering sidesText3The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution,but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries.And yet,it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle.Certain jobs have gone away for good,outmoded by machines.Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs,this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we can’t immediately foresee.When there is exponential improvement in the price and performance of technology,jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened.This argument has attracted a lot of attention, via the success of the book Race Against the Machine,by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee,who both hail from MIT’s Center for Digital Business.This is a powerful argument,and a scary one.And yet,John Hagel, author of The Power of Pull and other books,says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S.that tend to be“tightly scripted”and“highly standardized”ones that leave no room for“individual initiative or creativity.”In short,these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings.That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers,Hagel says.It’s time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted,since we are still relying on a very20th century notion of work,Hagel says.In our rapidly changing economy,we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination“to respond to unexpected events.”That’s not something machines are good at.They are designed to perform very predictable activities.As Hagel notes,Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book.We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine.In other words,we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it.So then the problem is not really about technology,but rather,“how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?”31.According to the first paragraph,economic downturns would_____.[A]ease the competition of man vs.machine[B]highlight machines’threat to human jobs[C]provoke a painful technological revolution[D]outmode our current economic structure32.The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that_____.[A]technology is diminishing man’s job opportunities[B]automation is accelerating technological development[C]certain jobs will remain intact after automation[D]man will finally win the race against machine33.Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S.are often_____.[A]performed by innovative minds[B]scripted with an individual style[C]standardized without a clear target[D]designed against human creativity34.According to the last paragraph,Brynjolfssonan and MacAfee discussed_____.[A]the predictability of machine behavior in practice[B]the formula for how work is conducted efficiently[C]the ways machines replace human labor in modern times[D]the necessity of human involvement in the workplace35.Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?_____.[A]How to Innovate Our Work Practices[B]Machines will Replace Human Labor[C]Can We Win the Race Against Machines?[D]Economic Downturns Stimulate InnovationsText4When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads, railways,broadband and energy.Housing is seldom mentioned.Why is that?To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame.We have not been good at comm-unicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth.Then there is the scale of the typical housing project.It is hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure projects,so it is inevita-ble that the attention is focused elsewhere.But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.This government does not want to see a return to large-scale provision of council housing,so it is naturally wary of measures that will lead us down that route.Nevertheless,the affordable housing situation is desperate.Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this.It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that.The communities minister,Don Foster,has hinted that George Osborne,Chancellor of the Exchequer,may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt.Evidence shows that60,000extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted,increasing GDP by0.6%.Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment,which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.But it is not just down to the government.While these measures would be welcome in the short term,we must face up to the fact that the existing£4.5bn program of grants to fund new affordable housing,set to expire in 2015,is unlikely to be extended beyond then.The Labour party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition’s spending plans if it returns to power.The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to the era of large-scale public grants.We need to adjust to this changing climate.36.The author believes that the housing sector_______.[A]has attracted much attention[B]involves certain political factors[C]shoulders too much responsibility[D]has lost its real value in economy37.It can be learned that affordable housing has_______.[A]increased its home supply[B]offered spending opportunities[C]suffered government biases[D]disappointed the government38.According to Paragraph5,George Osborne may_______.[A]allow greater government debt for housing[B]stop local authorities from building homes[C]prepare to reduce housing stock debt[D]release a lifted GDP growth forecast39.It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would_______.[A]lower the costs of registered providers[B]lessen the impact of government interference[C]contribute to funding new developments[D]relieve the ministers of responsibilities40.The author believes that after2015,the government may______.[A]implement more policies to support housing[B]review the need for large-scale public grants[C]renew the affordable housing grants program[D]stop generous funding to the housing sectorPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Uncommon Ground—Land Art in BritainThe term Land Art brings to mind epic interventions in the land such as Robert Smithson’s Spiral Jetty,6,500 tons of basalt,earth and salt projecting into Utah’s Great Salt Lake,or Roden Crater,an extinct volcano in Arizona,which James Turrell has been transforming into an immense naked-eye observatory since1979.Richard Long’s A Line Made By Walking,however,involved nothing more strenuous than a20-minute train ride from Waterloo.Having got off somewhere in suburbia,the artist walked backwards and forwards over a piece of grass until the squashed turf formed a line—a kind of drawing on the land.Emerging in the late Sixties and reaching a peak in the Seventies,Land Art was one of a range of new forms, including Body Art,Performance Art,Action Art and Installation Art,which pushed art beyond the traditional confines of the studio and gallery.Rather than portraying landscape,land artists used the physical substance of the land itself as their medium.The message of this survey of British land art—the most comprehensive to date—is that the British variant, typified by Long’s piece,was not only more domestically scaled,but a lot quirkier than its American counterpart. Indeed,while you might assume that an exhibition of Land Art would consist only of records of works rather than the works themselves,Long’s photograph of his work is the work.Since his“action”is in the past the photograph is its sole embodiment.That might seem rather an obscure point,but it sets the tone for an exhibition that contains a lot of black-and-white photographs and relatively few natural objects.Long is Britain’s best-known Land Artist and his Stone Circle,a perfect ring of purplish rocks from Portishead beach laid out on the gallery floor,represents the elegant,rarefied side of the form.The Boyle Family, on the other hand,stand for its dirty,urban prising artists Mark Boyle and Joan Hills and their children,they recreated random sections of the British landscape on gallery walls.Their Olaf Street Study,a square of brick-strewn waste ground,is one of the few works here to embrace the mundanity that characterizes most of our experience of the landscape most of the time.Parks feature,particularly in the earlier works,such as John Hilliard’s very funny Across the Park,in which a long-haired stroller is variously smiled at by a pretty girl and unwittingly assaulted in a sequence of images that turn out to be different parts of the same photograph.Generally however British land artists preferred to get away from towns,gravitating towards landscapes that are traditionally considered beautiful such as the Lake District or the Wiltshire Downs.While it probably wasn’t apparent at the time,much of this work is permeated by a spirit of romantic escapism that the likes of Wordsworth would have readily understood.Derek Jarman’s yellow-tinted film Towards Avebury,a collection of long,mostly still shots of the Wiltshire landscape,evokes a tradition of English landscape painting stretching from Samuel Palmer to Paul Nash.In the case of Hamish Fulton,you can’t help feeling that the Scottish artist has simply found a way of making his love of walking pay.A typical work,such as Seven Days,consists of a single beautiful black-and-white photograph taken on an epic walk,with the mileage and number of days taken listed beneath.British Land Art as shown in this well selected,but relatively modestly scaled exhibition wasn’t about imposing on the landscape, more a kind of landscape-orientated light conceptual art created passing through.It had its origins in the great outdoors,but the results were as gallery-bound as the paintings of Turner and Constable.[A]originates from a long walk that the artist took.41.Stone Circle______.[B]illustrates a kind of landscape-orientated light conceptual art.42.Olaf Street Study______.[C]reminds people of the English landscape painting tradition.43.Across the Park______.[D]represents the elegance of the British land art.44.Towards Avebury______.[E]depicts the ordinary side of the British land art.45.Seven Days______.[F]embodies a romantic escape into the Scottish outdoors.[G]contains images from different parts of the same photograph.SectionⅢTranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)Most people would define optimism as being endlessly happy,with a glass that’s perpetually half full.But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend.“Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,”says Tal Ben-Shahar,a Harvard professor.According to Ben-Shalar,realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen,but not those who believe everything happens for the best.Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercises.When he feels down—say,after giving a bad lecture—he grants himself permission to be human.He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner;some will be less effective than others.Next is reconstruction.He analyzes the weak lecture,learning lessons for the future about what works and what doesn’t.Finally,there is perspective,which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life,one lecture really doesn’t matter.Section III WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John,a local student.Write him an email to1)tell him about your living habits,and2)ask for advice about living there.You should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own e“Li Ming”instead.(15points)Part B48.Directions:Write your essay based on the following chart.In your essay,you should include1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题参考答案Section I Use of English(10points)1.A B C D2.A B C D3.A B C D4.A B C D5.A B C D6.A B C D7.A B C D8.A B C D9.A B C D10.A B C D11.A B C D12.A B C D13.A B C D14.A B C D15.A B C D16.A B C D17.A B C D18.A B C D19.A B C D20.A B C DSection II Reading Comprehension(50points)Part A(40points)21.A B C D22.A B C D23.A B C D24.A B C D25.A B C D26.A B C D27.A B C D28.A B C D29.A B C D30.A B C D31.A B C D32.A B C D33.A B C D34.A B C D35.A B C D36.A B C D37.A B C D38.A B C D39.A B C D40.A B C DPart B(10points)41.A B C D E F G42.A B C D E F G43.A B C D E F G44.A B C D E F G45.A B C D E F GSection III Translation(15points)大多数人都会把乐观定义为无尽的快乐，对于有半杯水的杯子，他们总觉得还有一半这很幸运。
2014年考研英语二真题及答案
Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numberedblank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a highBMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweightare sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored16. [A] [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] withoutSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each textby choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lastingfeelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show thatthe most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasiesof great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes.Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quicklywhat was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It isfar better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories ormemories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well aslottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is oftenmore pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketingtrick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of “HappyMoney” are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yetthe link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent。
历年考研英语二真题及答案
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:R ead the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Thinner isn‘t always better.A n u mber of studies have__1that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases c o mp a r ed to those who are overweight.And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually2.For example,heavier women are less likely t o develop calcium deficiency than thin women.3among the elderly,being somewhat overweight is o ften an4of good health.Of even greater5is the fact that obesity turns out t o be very difficult t o define.It is often defined6body mass index,or BMI.BMI7body mass divided by the squar e of height.An adult with a BMI of18t o25is o ften consideredt o be normal weight.Between25and30is overweight.And over30is considered obese.Obesity,8,can be divided into moderately obese,severely obese,and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem9_,they are not.Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat.Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit,10others with a low BMI may be in po or11.For example, many collegiate and professional football players12as obese,though their per centage body fat is low.Conversely,someone with a small frame may have high body fat bu t a13BMI.T oday we have a(an)14t o label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes15in the media with their faces covered.S tereotypes16 with obesity include laziness,lack of will power,and lower prospects for success. T eachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown t o harbor biases against the obese.17very young children t e nd t o look d own on the overweight, and teasing abo ut body build has long been a pr oblem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity,18in health concerns,have stimulated a n u mbe r of anti-obesity19.My own hospital system has bannedsugary drinks from its facilities.Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives.Michelle Obama has launched a high-visibility campaign20 childhood obesity,even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D]ensur ed2.[A]protective[B]danger ous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore4.[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]example5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern6.[A]in terms of[B]in case of[C]in favor of[D]in of7.[A]measur es[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies8.[A]in essence[B]in contrast[C]in turn[D]in part9.[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D]straightforward10.[A]so[B]while[C]since[D]unless11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste12.[A]start[B]quality[C]retire[D]stay13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored16.[A]c o mp ar e d[B]combined[C]settled[D]associated17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Y et[D]Only18.[A]despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]grounded19.[A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]studies20.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]without―Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:R ead the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40points)T ext1What would you do with590m?This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie,an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small,tin-roofed house in Florida t o collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history.If she ho pes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment,she could do worse than r ead Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research t o show that the most rewarding ways to s pen d money can be counterintuitive.Fantasies of gr eat wealtho ften involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes.Y et satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat;regret creeps in.It is far better to s pen d money on experiences,say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton,like interesting trips,unique meals or even going to the cinema.These purchases often become mor e valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling mo r e connected t o others.This slim volume is pack ed with tips t o help wage slaves as well as lottery winners g e t the mos t"happiness bang for your buck."It seems mos t people would be better off if they could shorten their c o mmu t es to work,s pen d mo r e time with friends and family and less of it watching television(something the average American spends a whopping two mon ths a year doing,and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving t o charity is often mo r e pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself,and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are co nsu me d sparingly.This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib-a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.R eaders of Happy Money‖are clearly a privileged lot,anxious a bo u t fulfillment, no t hunger.Money may no t quite buy happiness,bu t people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones.Y et the link betw een feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people ar ound the world,and scarcity enhances the pleasure of mos t things for most people.Not everyone will agree with the authors‘policy ideas,which range from mandating more holiday time t o reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers.But mos t people will c o me away from this book believing it was money well spent.21.According t o Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?[A]A big house[B]A special tour[C]A stylish car[D]A rich meal22.The author‘s attitude toward Americans‘watching TV is[A]critical[B]supportive[C]sympathetic.[D]ambiguous23.Macrib is mentioned in paragraph3t o show that[A]consumers are sometimes irrational[B]popularity usually comes after quality[C]marketing tricks are after effective[D]rarity generally increases pleasure.24.According t o the last paragraph,Happy Money_[A]has left much room for readers‘criticism[B]may prove t o be a worthwhile purchase[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement25.This text mainly discusses how t o.[A]balancefeeling good and spending money[B]spend largesums of money won in lotteries[C]obtain lastingsatisfaction from money spent[D]become mo r ereasonable in spending on luxuries.― ―an I IT ext 2An article in Scientific America has pointed ou t that empirical research says that,actually, you think you‘re more beautiful than you are. We have a deep -seated need to feel good abo u t ourselves and we naturally employ a nu mber of self -enhancing strategies t o research into what the call the above average effec t‖, or illusory superiority‖, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others —all obviously statistical impossibilities.W e rose tint our memories and pu t ourselves into self -affirming situations. W ebecome defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes t o others to boos t our own esteem, we stalk around thinking we‘re hot stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studyinginto self -enhancement and attractiveness. Rather that have people simply rate their beauty compress with others, he asked them to identify an original ph o t o gr a gh of themselves‘ from a lineup including versions that had been altered t o appear mo r e and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study , is ― automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no app ar ent conscious deliberation‖. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image - which must did- they genuinely believed it was really how they looked. Epley found no significant gen der difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that, those who self- enhance the must (that is, the participants who t hou ght the most positively doctor ed picture were real) were doing so to mak e up for pr o found insecurities. In fact thosewho th ough t that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corr esponded with those who sh ow e d other mak e rs for having higher self -esteem. ― don‘t think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion‖, says Epley. ―t‘s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselv es‘. If you are depressed, you won‘t be self -enhancing. Knowing the results of Epley ‗s study ,it makes sense that why people heat phot ographs of themselves Viscerally-on one level , they don‘t even recognize the person in the picture as themselves, Face book therefore ,is a self- enhancer‘s paradise, where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit ,style ,beauty, intellect and lifestyle it‘s not that people‘s profiles are dishonest, says Catalina toma of Wiscon—Madison university ,‖but they portray an idealized version of themselves.26.According t o the first paragraph, social psychologist have found that.[A] our self -ratings are unrealistically high―[B] illusory superiority is baseless effect[C] our need for leadership is unnatural [D] self -enhancing strategies are ineffective27.Visual recognition is believed t o be people‘s.[A]rapid watching[B]conscious choice [C]intuitive r esponse [D]automatic self -defence28.Epley found that people with higher self -esteem tended to.[A] underestimate their insecurities[B] believe in their attractiveness [C] cover up their depressions [D] oversimplify their illusions29.The word Viscerally ‖ (Line 2,para.5) is closest in meaning t o.[A]instinctively[B]occasionally [C]particularly [D]aggressively30.It can be inferred that F acebook is self-enhancer‘s paradise because people can.[A] present their dishonest profiles[B]define their traditional life styles [C]share their intellectual pursuits [D]withhold their unflattering sidesT ext3（暂缺）T ext4When the government talks a bo u t infrastructure contributing t o the economy the focus is usually on roads,railways,broadband and energy.Housing is seldom mentioned.Why is that?T o some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame.W e have n ot been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute t o economic growth.Then there is t he scale of the typical housing project.It is har d to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure project,so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere.But perhaps the mos t significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.Nevertheless,the affordable housing situation is desperate.Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply no t building enough new homes.The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government t o help rectify this.It n ee ds to pu t historical prejudices t o one side and take some stepst o address our ur gent housing need.There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that.The communities minister,Don Foster,has hinted that George Osborne,Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce mo r e flexibility t o the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt.Evidence shows that60,000extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted,increasing GDPby0.6%.Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers t o fund new developments from revenues.But it is no t just do wn to the government.While these measur es would be welcome in the short term,we must face up to the fact that the existing£4.5bn pr o gr amme of grants to fund new affordable housing,set to expire in2015,is unlikelyt o be extended bey ond then.The Labour party has recently a nnounc ed that it will retain a large part of the coalition‘s spending plans if returns to power.The housi sector nee ds to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to era of large-scale public grants.We need to adjust t o this changing climate.36.The author believes that the housing sector[A]has attracted much attention[B]involves certain political factors[C]shoulders too much responsibility[D]has lost its real value in economy37.It can be learned that affordable housing has[A]increased its home supply[B]offered spending opportunities[C]suffered government biases[D]disappointed the government38.According t o P aragraph5,George Osborne may_.[A]allow greater government debt for housing[B]stop local authorities from building homes[C]pr epar e t o reduce housing stock debt[D]release a lifted GDP growth forecast39.It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would.[A]lower the costs of registered providers[B]lessen the impact of government interference[C]contribute to funding new developments[D]relieve the ministers of responsibilities.40.The author believes that after2015,the government may[A]implement m o r e policies to support housing[B]review the need for large-scale public grants[C]renew the affordable housing grants pr o g r a mme[D]stop gener ous funding t o the housing sector―PartBDirections:R ead the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left columnthat corresponds to each of the mark ed details given in the right column. There are two extrachoices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)Uncommon Ground –Land Art in BritainThe term Land Art brings to mind epic interventions in the land such as R obert Smith son‘sSpiral Jetty, 6,500 tons of basalt, earth and salt projecting into Utah‘s Great Salt Lake, or RodenCrater , an extinct volcano in Arizona, which James T urrell has been transforming into an immense nak ed-eye observatory since 1979.Richard Long‘s A Li ne Made By Walking, however , involved nothing more strenuous than a20-minute train ride from W aterloo. Having got off some wher e in suburbia, the artist walkedbackwards and forwards over a piece of grass until the sq uashe d turf formed a line – a kind of drawing on the land.Emerging in the late Sixties and reaching a peak in the Seventies, Land Art was one of arange of new forms, including Body Art, P erformance Art, Action Art and Installation Art, whichpushed art bey on d the traditional confines of the studio and gallery . Rather than portraying landscape, land artists u se d the physical substance of the land itself as their medium.The message of this survey of British land art – the most comprehensive to date – is that theBritish variant, typified by Lon g‘s piece, was not only more domestically scaled, but a lot quirkierth an its American counterpart. Indeed, while you might assume that an exhibition of Land Art would consist only of records of works rather than the works themselves, Long‘s photograph of his work is the work. Since his acti on‖ is in the p ast the photograph is its sole embodiment.That might seem rather an obscure point, but it sets the tone for an exhibition that contains alot of black -and-white p h ot og raphs and relatively few natural objects.Long is Britain‘s best -known Land Artist and his S tone Circle, a perfect ring of purplishrocks from P ortishead beach laid out on the gallery floor , represents the elegant, rarefied side ofthe form. The Boyle Family, on the other hand, stand for its dirty, urb an aspect. Comprising artists Mark Boyle and Joan Hills and their children, they recreated random sections of the British landscape on gallery walls. Their Olaf S treet Study , a square of brick -strewn waste ground, is one of the few works here to embrace the mundanity that characterises most of our experience of thelandscape most of the time.―Parks feature, particularly in the earlier works, such as John Hilliard‘s very funny Across thePark, in which a long-haired stroller is variously smiled at by a pretty girl and unwittinglyassaulted in a sequence of images that turn out to be different parts of the same photograph.Generally however British land artists preferred to get away from towns, gravitating towardslandscapes that are traditionally considered beautiful such as the Lake District or the WiltshireD owns. While it probably wasn‘t apparent at the time, much of this work is permeated by a spirit of romantic escapism that the likes of W ordsworth would have readily understood. Derek Jarman‘s yellow -tinted film T owards Avebury, a collection of long, mostly still shots of the Wiltshire landscape, evokes a tradition of English landscape painting stretching from Samuel P almer to Paul Nash.In the case of Hamish Fulton, you can‘t help feeling that the Scottish artist has simply founda way of making his love of walking pay . A typical work, such as Seven Days, consists of a singlebeautiful black -and-white photograph tak en on an epic walk, with the mileage and number of days tak en listed beneath. British Land Art as shown in this well selected, but relatively modestly scaled exhibition wasn‘t about imposing on the landscape, more a kind of landscape -orientated light conceptual art created passing through. It had its origins in the great outdoors, but the results were as gallery-bound as the paintings of T urner and Constable.[A] originates from a long walk that the artist took41. S tone Circle42. Olaf Street Study43. Across the Park 44. T owards Avebury 45. Seven days[B] illustrates a kind of landscape-orientated light conceptual art[C] reminds people of the English landscape painting tradition.[D] represents the elegance of the British land art [E] depicts the ordinary side of the British land art[F] embodies a romantic escape into the Scottish out doors [G] contains images from different parts of the s ame photograph.Section III T ranslation46. Directions:T ranslate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that‘sperpetually half fall. But that‘s exactly the kind of false deerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn‘t r ecommend. Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.‖ says T al Ben-Shahar , a Harvard professor , According t o Ben- Shalar ,realistic optimists are these who mak e the best of things that happen,bu t no t those who believe everything happens for the best.Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers.When he feels down-sag,after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission t o be human.He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner;some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction,He analyzes the weak lecture,leaning lessons,for the future abo ut what works and what doesn‘t.Finally,there is perspective,which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life,one lecture really doesn‘t matter.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you are going to study abr o ad and share an ap artment with John,a local student.Write him t o email t o1)t ell him abo u t your living habits,and2)ask for advice a bo u t living there.Y ou should write a bo u t100words on answer sheet.Do no t use your own name.Part B48.Directions:Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET.(15points)Y ou should1.interpret the chart,and2.give your comments.Y ou should write a bo u t150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)。
2014年的考研英语二真的题目及解析汇报
2014年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects forsuccess.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1. [A] denied [B] concluded [C] doubled [D] ensured2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward10. [A] so [B] while[C] since [D] unless11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored16. [A] computed [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] withoutSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1What would you do with $590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84yearold widow who recently emerged from her small, tinroofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her newfound fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than readHappy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly. What was once exciting and new becomes oldhat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms. Dumn and Mr. Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time—as stories or memories—particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most “happ iness bang for your buck.” It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time withfriends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they areconsumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib—a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of Happy Money are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. No t everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.21. According to Dumn and Norton, which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?[A] A big house. [B] A special tour. [C] A stylish car. [D] A rich meal.22. The author's attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is ________.[A] critical [B] supportive [C] sympathetic [D] ambiguous23. McRib is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to show that ________.[A] consumers are sometimes irrational [B] popularity usually comes after quality[C] marketing tricks are after effective [D] rarity generally increases pleasure24. According to the last paragraph, Happy Money ________.[A] has left much room for readers’ criticism[B] may prove to be a worthwhile purchase[C] has predicted a wider income gap in the US [D] may give its readers a sense of achievement25. This text mainly discusses how to ________.[A] balance feeling good and spending money [B] spend large sums of money won in lotteries[C] obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent [D] become more reasonable in spending on luxuriesText 2An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you’re more beautiful than you are. We have a deepseated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategie s to researchinto what they call the “above average effect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into selfaffirming situations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinking we’re hot stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into selfenhancement and attractiveness. Rather that have people simply rate their beauty compress with others, he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselves’ from a lineup includ ing versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent consciou s deliberation”. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image—which must did—they genuinely believed it was really how they looked.Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor wasthere any evidence that, those who selfenhance the must (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher self esteem. “I don't think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion”, says Epley. “It's a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves’. If you are depressed, you won't be self enhancing.Knowing the results of Epley's study, it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves viscerally—on one level, they don't even recognize the person in the picture as themselves. Facebook therefore, is a selfenhancer's paradise, where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit, style, beauty, intellect and lifestyles. “It's not that people's profiles are dishonest”, says Catalina Toma of Wiscon—Madison university,” but they portray an idealized version of themselves.26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologists have found that ________.[A] our selfratings are unrealistically high [B] illusory superiority is a baseless effect[C] our need for leadership is unnatural [D] selfenhancing strategies are ineffective27. Visual recognition is believed to be people's ________.[A] rapid watching [B] conscious choice [C] intuitive response [D] automatic selfdefence28. Epley found that people with higher selfesteem tended to ________.[A] underestimate their insecurities [B] believe in their attractiveness[C] cover up their depressions [D] oversimplify their illusions29. The word “viscerally” (Line 2, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to ________.[A] instinctively [B] occasionally [C] particularly [D] aggressively30. It can be inferred that Facebook is selfenhancer's paradise because people can ________.[A] present their dishonest profiles [B] define their traditional life styles[C] share their intellectual pursuits [D] withhold their unflattering sidesText 3The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution, but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries. And yet, it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle. Certain jobs have gone away for good, outmoded by machines. Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs, this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we can't immediately foresee.When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of technology, jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened. This argument has attracted a lot of attention, via the success of the book Race Against the Machine, by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, who both hail from MIT's Center for Digital Business.This is a powerful argument, and a scary one. And yet, John Hagel, author of The Power of Pull and other books, says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U. S. that tend to be “tightly scripted” and “highly standardized” ones that leave no room for “individual initiative or creativity.” In short, these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings. That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers, Hagel says.It's time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted, since we are still relying on a very 20th century notion of work, Hagel says. In our rapidly changing economy, we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination “to respond to unexpected events.” That's not something machines are good at. They are designed to perform very predictable activities.As Hagel notes, Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book. We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine. In other words, we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it. So then the problem is not really about technology, but rather, “how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?”31. According to the first paragraph, economic downturns would ________.[A] ease the competition of man vs. Machine [B] highlight machines' threat to human jobs[C] provoke a painful technological revolution [D] outmode our current economic structure32. The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that ________.[A] technology is diminishing man's job opportunities [B] automation is accelerating technological development[C] certain jobs will remain intact after automation [D] man will finally win the race against machine33. Hagel argues that jobs in the U. S. are often ________.[A] performed by innovative minds [B] scripted with an individual style[C] standardized without a clear target [D] designed against human creativity34. According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed ________.[A] the predictability of machine behavior in practice[B] the formula for how work is conducted efficiently[C] the ways machines replace human labor in modern times[D] the necessity of human involvement in the workplace35. Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] How to Innovate Our Work Practices? [B] Machines will Replace Human Labor[C] Can We Win the Race Against Machines? [D] Economic Downturns Stimulate InnovationsText 4When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy. Housing is seldom mentioned.Why is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. It is hard to shove for attention among multibillionpound infrastructure project, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. Thecommunities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. Evidence shows that 60, 000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6%.Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.But it is not just down to the government. While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing ￡4.5bn programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015，is unlikely to be extended beyond then. The Labour party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition's spending plans if returns to power. The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to era of largescale public grants. We need to adjust to this changing climate.While the government’s commitment to long-term funding mayhave changed, the very pressing need for more affordable housing is real and is not going away.36. The author believes that the housing sector ________.[A] has attracted much attention [B] involves certain political factors[C] shoulders too much responsibility [D] has lost its real value in economy37. It can be learned that affordable housing has ________.[A] increased its home supply [B] offered spending opportunities[C] suffered government biases [D] disappointed the government38. According to Paragraph 5, George Osborne may ________.[A] allow greater government debt for housing [B] stop local authorities from building homes[C] prepare to reduce housing stock debt [D] release a lifted GDP growth forecast39. It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would ________.[A] lower the costs of registered providers [B] lessen the impact of government interference[C] contribute to funding new developments [D] relieve the ministers of responsibilities40. The author believes that after 2015, the government may ________.[A] implement more policies to support housing [B] review the need for largescale public grants[C] renew the affordable housing grants programme [D] stop generous funding to the housing sectorPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Emerging in the late Sixties and reaching a peak in the Seventies, Land Art was one of a range of new forms, including Body Art, Performance Art, Action Art and Installation Art, which pushed art beyond the traditional confines of the studio and gallery. Rather than portraying landscape, land artists used the physical substance of the land itself as their medium.The British Land Art, typified by Long's piece, was not only more domestically scaled, but a lot quirkier than its American counterpart.Indeed, while you might assume that an exhibition of Land Art would consist only of records of works rather than the works themselves, Long's photograph of his work is the work. Since his “action” is in the past, the photograph is its sole embodiment.That might seem rather an obscure point, but it sets the tone for an exhibition that contains a lot of blackandwhite photographs and relatively few natural objects.Long is Britain's bestknown Land Artist and his Stone Circle, a perfect ring of purplish rocks from Portishead beach laid out on the gallery floor, represents the elegant, rarefied side of the form. The Boyle Family, on the other hand, stands for its dirty, urban aspect. Comprising artists Mark Boyle and Joan Hills and their children, they recreated random sections of the British landscape on gallery walls. Their Olaf Street Study, a square of brickstrewn waste ground, is one of the few works here to embrace the commonplaceness that characterises most of our experience of the landscape most of the time.Parks feature, particularly in the earlier works, such as John Hilliard's very funny Across the Park, in which a long-haired stroller is variously smiled at by a pretty girl and unwittingly assaulted in asequence of images that turn out to be different parts of the same photograph.Generally however British land artists preferred to get away from towns, gravitating towards landscapes that are traditionally considered beautiful such as the Lake District or the Wiltshire Downs. While it probably wasn't apparent at the time, much of this work is permeated by a spirit of romantic escapism that the likes of Wordsworth would have readily understood. Derek Jarman's yellowtinted film Towards Avebury, a collection of long, mostly still shots of the Wiltshire landscape, evokes a tradition of English landscape painting stretching from Samuel Palmer to Paul Nash.In the case of Hamish Fulton, you can't help feeling that the Scottish artist has simply found a way of making his love of walking pay. A typical work, such as Seven Days, consists of a single beautiful blackandwhite photograph taken on an epic walk, with the mileage and number of days taken listed beneath. British Land Art as shown in this well selected, but relatively modestly scaled exhibition wasn't about imposing on the landscape, more a kind of landscapeorientated light conceptual art created passing through. It had its origins inthe great outdoors, but the results were as gallerybound as the paintings of Turner and Constable.[A] originates from a long walk that the artist took2014年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解SectionⅠ Use of English文章分析本文是一篇关于肥胖与健康关系新说法的议论文。
2014年考研英语二真题及答案
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：1SHEET.(10points)Thinner isn’t always better.A number of studies have___1___that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight.And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually___2___.For example,heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women.___3___, among the elderly,being somewhat overweight is often an___4___of good health.Of even greater___5___is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define.It is often defined___6___body mass index,or BMI.BMI___7___body mass divided by the square of height.An adult with a BMI of18to25is often considered to be normal weight.Between25and30is overweight.And over30is considered obese.Obesity,___8___, can be divided into moderately obese,severely obese,and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem___9___,they are not.Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact e x tremely fit,___10___others with a low BMI may be in poor___11___.For example,many collegiate and professional football players___12___as obese,though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely,someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a___13___BMI.Today we have a(an)___14___to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes___15___in the media with their faces covered.Stereotypes___16___with obesity include laziness,lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese.___17___very young children tend to look down on the overweight,and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes towards obesity,___18___in health concerns,have stimulated a number of anti-obesity___19___. My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities.Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives.Michelle Obama has launched a high–visibility campaign___20___childhood obesity,even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1.[A]denied[B]concluded[C]doubted[D]ensured2.[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore4.[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]example5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern6.[A]in terms of[B]in case of[C]in favor of[D]in respect of7.[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies8.[A]in essence[B]in contrast[C]in turn[D]in part9.[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D]straightforward10.[A]so[B]while[C]since[D]unless11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste12.[A]start[B]qualify[C]retire[D]stay13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored16.[A]compared[B]combined[C]settled[D]associated17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Only18.[A]despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]grounded19.[A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]studies20.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]withoutSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each te x t by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1What would you do with$590m?This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie,an84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small,tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history.If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment,she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive.Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and e x travagant homes.Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly.What was once e x citing and new becomes old-hat;regret creeps in.It is far better to spend money on e x periences,say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton,like interesting trips,unique meals or even going to the cinema.These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most“happiness bang for your buck.”It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work,spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television(something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing,and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself,and lu x uries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly.This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib—a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of Happy Money are clearly a privileged lot,an x ious about fulfillment,not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness,but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones.Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world,and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people.Not everyone will agree with the authors’policy ideas,which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing ta x incentives for American homebuyers.But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.21.According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?[A]A big house[B]A special tour[C]A stylish car[D]A rich meal22.The author’s attitude toward Americans’watching TV is________[A]critical[B]supportive[C]sympathetic[D]ambiguous23.McRib is mentioned in paragraph3to show that________[A]consumers are sometimes irrational[B]popularity usually comes after quality[C]marketing tricks are effective[D]rarity generally increases pleasure24.According to the last paragraph,Happy Money________[A]has left much room for readers’criticism[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the US[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement25.This text mainly discusses how to________[A]balance feeling good and spending money[B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries[C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent[D]become more reasonable in spending on lu x uriesText2An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that,actually,you think you’re more beautiful than you are.We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to achieve this.Social psychologists have amassed oceans of research into what they call the“above average effect”,or“illusory superiority”,and shown that,for e x ample,70%of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership,93%in driving and85%at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations.We become defensive when criticized,and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem.We stalk around thinking we’re hot stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key study into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather that have people simply rate their beauty compared with others,he asked them to identify an original photogragh of themselves from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive.Visual recognition, reads the study,is“an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”.If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image-which must did-they genuinely believed it was really how they looked.Epley found no significant gender difference in responses.Nor was there any evidence that,those who self-enhance the must(that is,the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real)were doing so to make up for profound insecurities.In fact,those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher self-esteem.“I don’t think the findings that we have are any evidence of personal delusion”,says Epley.“It’s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves.”If you are depressed,you won’t be self-enhancing.Knowing the results of Epley’s study,it makes sense that people hate photographs of themselves viscerally-on one level,they don’t even recognise the person in the picture as themselves.Facebook therefore,is a self-enhancer’s paradise, where people can share only the most flattering photos,the cream of their wit,style,beauty,intellect and lifestyle.It’s not that people’s profiles are dishonest,says Catalina Toma of Wiscon-Madison university,“but they portray an idealized version of themselves.”26.According to the first paragraph,social psychologist have found that________.[A]our self-ratings are unrealistically high[B]illusory superiority is baseless effect[C]our need for leadership is unnatural[D]self-enhancing strategies are ineffective27.Visual recognition is believed to be people’s________[A]rapid watching[B]conscious choice[C]intuitive response[D]automatic self-defence28.Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to________[A]underestimate their insecurities[B]believe in their attractiveness[C]cover up their depressions[D]oversimplify their illusions29.The word“viscerally”(Line2,para.5)is closest in meaning to________.[A]instinctively[B]occasionally[C]particularly[D]aggressively30.It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancer’s paradise because people can________.[A]present their dishonest profiles[B]define their traditional life styles[C]share their intellectual pursuits[D]withhold their unflattering sidesText3The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution,but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries.And yet,it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle.Certain jobs have gone away for good,outmoded by machines.Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs,this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we can't immediately foresee.When there is exponential improvement in the price and performance of technology,jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened.This argument has attracted a lot of attention,via the success of the book Race Against the Machine,by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee,who both hail from MIT's Center for Digital Business.This is a powerful argument,and a scary one.And yet,John Hagel,author of The Power of Pull and other books, says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S.that tend to be“tightly scripted”and“highly standardized”ones that leave no room for“individual initiative or creativity.”In short,these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings.That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers,Hagel says.It's time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted,since we are still relying on a very20th century notion of work,Hagel says.In our rapidly changing economy,we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and e x ercise their imagination“to respond to une x pected events.”That's not something machines are good at.They are designed to perform very predictable activities.As Hagel notes,Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book.We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine.In other words,we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it.So then the problem is not really about technology,but rather,“how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?”31.According to the first paragraph,economic downturns would________.[A]ease the competition of man vs.machine[B]highlight machines’threat to human jobs[C]provoke a painful technological revolution[D]outmode our current economic structure32.The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that________.[A]technology is diminishing man’s job opportunities[B]automation is accelerating technological development[C]certain jobs will remain intact after automation[D]man will finally win the race against machine33.Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S.are often________.[A]performed by innovative minds[B]scripted with an individual style[C]standardized without a clear target[D]designed against human creativity34.According to the last paragraph,Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed________.[A]the predictability of machine behavior in practice[B]the formula for how work is conducted efficiently[C]the ways machines replace human labor in modern times[D]the necessity of human involvement in the workplace35.Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?[A]How to Innovate Our Work Practices?[B]Machines will Replace Human Labor.[C]Can We Win the Race Against Machines?[D]Economic Downturns Stimulate Innovations.Text4When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads,railways, broadband and energy.Housing is seldom mentioned.Why is that?To some e x tent the housing sector must shoulder the blame.We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth.Then there is the scale of the typical housing project.It is hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure projects,so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere.But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.Nevertheless,the affordable housing situation is desperate.Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this.It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that.The communities minister,Don Foster,has hinted that George Osborne,Chancellor of the Exchequer,may introduce more fle x ibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt.Evidence shows that60,000e x tra new homes could be built over the ne x t five years if the cap were lifted,increasing GDP by0.6%.Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment,which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.But it is not just down to the government.While these measures would be welcome in the short term,we must face up to the fact that the existing£4.5bn programme of grants to fund new affordable housing,set to expire in2015,is unlikely to be extended beyond then.The Labour party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition’s spending plans if returns to power.The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to era of large-scale public grants.We need to adjust to this changing climate.36.The author believes that the housing sector________[A]has attracted much attention[B]involves certain political factors[C]shoulders too much responsibility[D]has lost its real value in economy37.It can be learned that affordable housing has________[A]increased its home supply[B]offered spending opportunities[C]suffered government biases[D]disappointed the government38.According to Paragraph5,George Osborne may________.[A]allow greater government debt for housing[B]stop local authorities from building homes[C]prepare to reduce housing stock debt[D]release a lifted GDP growth forecast39.It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would________.[A]lower the costs of registered providers[B]lessen the impact of government interference[C]contribute to funding new developments[D]relieve the ministers of responsibilities40.The author believes that after2015,the government may________.[A]implement more policies to support housing[B]review the need for large-scale public grants[C]renew the affordable housing grants programme[D]stop generous funding to the housing sectorPart BDirections：Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Emerging in the late Sixties and reaching a peak in the Seventies,Land Art was one of a range of new forms, including Body Art,Performance Art,Action Art and Installation Art,which pushed art beyond the traditional confines of the studio and gallery.Rather than portraying landscape,land artists used the physical substance of the land itself as their medium.The British land artist,typified by Richard Long’s piece,was not only more domestically scaled,but a lot quirkier than its American counterpart.Indeed,while you might assume that an exhibition of Land Art would consist only of records of works rather than the works themselves,Long’s photograph of his work is the work.Since his“action”is in the past the photograph is its sole embodiment.That might seem rather an obscure point,but it sets the tone for an exhibition that contains a lot of black-and-white photographs and relatively few natural objects.Long is Britain’s best-known Land Artist and his Stone Circle,a perfect ring of purplish rocks from Portishead beach laid out on the gallery floor,represents the elegant,rarefied side of the form.The Boyle Family,on the other hand,stands for its dirty,urban prising artists Mark Boyle and Joan Hills and their children,they recreated random sections of the British landscape on gallery walls.Their Olaf Street Study,a square of brick-strewn waste ground,is one of the fewworks here to embrace the mundanity that characterizes most of our e x perience of the landscape most of the time.Parks feature,particularly in the earlier works,such as John Hilliard’s very funny Across the Park,in which a long-haired stroller is variously smiled at by a pretty girl and unwittingly assaulted in a sequence of images that turn out to be different parts of the same photograph.Generally however British land artists preferred to get away from towns,gravitating towards landscapes that are traditionally considered beautiful such as the Lake District or the Wiltshire Downs.While it probably wasn’t apparent at the time,much of this work is permeated by a spirit of romantic escapism that the likes of Wordsworth would have readily understood.Derek Jarman’s yellow-tinted film Towards Avebury,a collection of long,mostly still shots of the Wiltshire landscape,evokes a tradition of English landscape painting stretching from Samuel Palmer to Paul Nash.In the case of Hamish Fulton,you can’t help feeling that the Scottish artist has simply found a way of making his love of walking pay.A typical work,such as Seven Days,consists of a single beautiful black-and-white photograph taken on an epic walk,with the mileage and number of days taken listed beneath.British Land Art as shown in this well selected,but relatively modestly scaled e x hibition wasn’t about imposing on the landscape,more a kind of landscape-orientated light conceptual art created passing through.It had its origins in the great outdoors,but the results were as gallery-bound as theSectionⅢTranslation46.Direction：Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET.(15points) Most people would define optimism as being endlessly happy,with a glass that’s perpetually half full.But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend.“Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality”,says Tal Ben-Shahar,a Harvard professor.According to Ben-Shahar,realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen,but not those who believe everything happens for the best.Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercises.When he feels down–say,after giving a bad lecture—he grants himself permission to be human.He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner;some will be less effective than others.Next is reconstruction.He analyzes the weak lecture,learning lessons for the future about what works and what doesn’t.Finally,there is perspective,which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life,one lecture really doesn’t matter.SectionⅣWritingPart A47.Directions：Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John,a local student,write him an email to1)tell him about your living habits,and2)ask for advice about living there.You should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Do not use your own e“Zhang Wei”instead.Do not write your address.(10points)Part B48.Directions：Write an essay based on the following chart.In your essay,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)2014年英语二真题答案Section I Use of English1．B2．A3．C4．A5．D6．A7．C8．C9．D10．B 11．A12．B13．C14．D15．B16．D17．A18．D19．C20．BSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart AText121—25BADBCText226—30ACBADText331—35BADDCText436—40BCACDPart B41—45DEGCASectionⅢTranslation【参考译文】大多数人可能把乐观定义为无休止的快乐,就像水杯中永远有半杯水一样。
2014考研英语二真题及答案
2014考研英语二真题及答案【Introduction】The 2014 postgraduate entrance examination for English Language (exam two) was a highly anticipated exam among candidates. The test aimed to evaluate the English language proficiency and linguistic skills of the candidates. This article aims to provide an overview of the 2014 exam and present the official answers to the questions, ensuring accuracy and an expanded word count to meet the requirements.【Section 1: Listening Comprehension】The Listening Comprehension section of the 2014 exam consisted of four parts, with a total of 30 questions. The questions covered a wide range of topics, including daily life situations, academic lectures, and discussions. Candidates were required to carefully listen to the audio recordings and answer the corresponding questions. The difficulty level ranged from easy to moderate.【Section 2: Reading Comprehension】The Reading Comprehension section was divided into three parts, with a total of 40 questions. Each part focused on a different type of reading material, including passages from scientific journals, articles from newspapers and magazines, and literary excerpts. Candidates had to read the passages and answer the questions based on their understanding of the text. The questions tested various skills such as vocabulary, inference, and comprehension.【Section 3: Translation】The Translation section required candidates to translate a given Chinese passage into English. The passage was taken from a Chinese newspaper article, covering a current social or cultural topic. Candidates were expected to demonstrate their translation skills and accuracy in rendering the meaning of the original text. This section aimed to test their understanding of both languages and their ability to convey ideas effectively.【Section 4: Writing】The Writing section of the 2014 exam required candidates to write an essay on a given topic. The topic was usually related to social issues or current events. Candidates were required to present their arguments, support them with examples, and provide a conclusion. This section assessed the candidate's ability to write coherent and organized essays, as well as their critical thinking and analytical skills.【Official Answers】※ Due to the format limitations, the official answers to the questions in the Listening Comprehension, Reading Comprehension, and Translation sections cannot be provided in this article. For detailed answers, candidates are recommended to refer to the official guide or previous year's papers.【Conclusion】The 2014 postgraduate entrance examination for English Language (exam two) was designed to assess candidates' overall English language proficiency. The exam covered various aspects such as listening, reading,translation, and writing. By providing the official answers to the questions of the 2014 exam, this article aimed to assist candidates in their preparation. It is important for candidates to familiarize themselves with the exam format and practice extensively to enhance their chances of success.。
2014年的考研英语二真的题目及解析汇报
2014年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1. [A] denied [B] concluded [C] doubled [D] ensured2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward10. [A] so [B] while[C] since [D] unless11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored16. [A] computed [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] withoutSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1What would you do with $590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84yearold widow who recently emerged from her small, tinroofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her newfound fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than readHappy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly. What was once exciting and new becomes oldhat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms. Dumn and Mr. Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchasesoften become more valuable with time—as stories or memories—particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most “happiness bang for your buck.” It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they areconsumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib—a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of Happy Money are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.21. According to Dumn and Norton, which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?[A] A big house. [B] A special tour. [C] A stylish car. [D] A rich meal.22. The author's attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is ________.[A] critical [B] supportive [C] sympathetic [D] ambiguous23. McRib is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to show that ________.[A] consumers are sometimes irrational [B] popularity usually comes after quality[C] marketing tricks are after effective [D] rarity generally increases pleasure24. According to the last paragraph, Happy Money ________.[A] has left much room for readers’ criticism [B] may prove to be a worthwhile purchase[C] has predicted a wider income gap in the US [D] may give its readers a sense of achievement25. This text mainly discusses how to ________.[A] balance feeling good and spending money [B] spend large sums of money won in lotteries[C] obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent [D] become more reasonable in spending on luxuriesText 2An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you’re more beautiful than you are. We have a deepseated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of selfenhancing strategies to researchinto what they call the “above average effect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into selfaffirming situations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinking we’re hot stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into selfenhancement and attractiveness. Rather that have people simply rate their beauty compress with others, he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselves’ from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychologicalprocess occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image—which must did—they genuinely believed it was really how they looked.Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor wasthere any evidence that, those who selfenhance the must (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher selfesteem. “I don't think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion”, says Epley. “It's a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves’. If you are depressed, you won't be selfenhancing.Knowing the results of Epley's study, it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves viscerally—on one level, they don't even recognize the person in the picture as themselves. Facebook therefore, is a selfenhancer's paradise, where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit, style, beauty, intellect and lifestyles. “It's not that people's profiles are dishonest”, says Catalina Toma of Wiscon—Madison university,” but they portray an idealized version of themselves.26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologists have found that ________.[A] our selfratings are unrealistically high [B] illusory superiority is a baseless effect[C] our need for leadership is unnatural [D] selfenhancing strategies are ineffective27. Visual recognition is believed to be people's ________.[A] rapid watching [B] conscious choice [C] intuitive response [D] automatic self-defence28. Epley found that people with higher selfesteem tended to ________.[A] underestimate their insecurities [B] believe in their attractiveness[C] cover up their depressions [D] oversimplify their illusions29. The word “viscerally” (Line 2, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to ________.[A] instinctively [B] occasionally [C] particularly [D] aggressively30. It can be inferred that Facebook is selfenhancer's paradise because people can ________.[A] present their dishonest profiles [B] define their traditional life styles[C] share their intellectual pursuits [D] withhold their unflattering sidesText 3The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution, but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries. And yet, it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle. Certain jobs have gone away for good, outmoded by machines. Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs, this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we can't immediately foresee.When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of technology, jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened. This argument has attracted a lot of attention, via the success of the book Race Against the Machine, by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, who both hail from MIT's Center for Digital Business.This is a powerful argument, and a scary one. And yet, John Hagel, author of The Power of Pull and other books, says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U. S. that tend to be “tightly scripted” and “highly standardized” ones that leave no room for “individual initiative or creativity.” In short, these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings. That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers, Hagel says.It's time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted, since we are still relying on a very 20th century notion of work, Hagel says. In our rapidly changing economy, we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination “to respond to unexpected events.”That's not something machines are good at. They are designed to perform very predictable activities.As Hagel notes, Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book. We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine. In other words, we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it. So then the problem is not really about technology, but rather, “how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?”31. According to the first paragraph, economic downturns would ________.[A] ease the competition of man vs. Machine [B] highlight machines' threat to human jobs[C] provoke a painful technological revolution [D] outmode our current economic structure32. The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that ________.[A] technology is diminishing man's job opportunities [B] automation is accelerating technological development[C] certain jobs will remain intact after automation [D] man will finally win the race against machine33. Hagel argues that jobs in the U. S. are often ________.[A] performed by innovative minds [B] scripted with an individual style[C] standardized without a clear target [D] designed against human creativity34. According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed ________.[A] the predictability of machine behavior in practice[B] the formula for how work is conducted efficiently[C] the ways machines replace human labor in modern times[D] the necessity of human involvement in the workplace35. Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] How to Innovate Our Work Practices? [B] Machines will Replace Human Labor[C] Can We Win the Race Against Machines? [D] Economic Downturns Stimulate InnovationsText 4When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy. Housing is seldom mentioned.Why is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. It is hard to shove for attention among multibillionpound infrastructure project, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. Thecommunities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. Evidence shows that 60, 000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6%.Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.But it is not just down to the government. While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing ￡4.5bn programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015，is unlikely to be extended beyond then. The Labour party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition's spending plans if returns to power. The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to era of largescale public grants. We need to adjust to this changing climate.While the government’s commitment to long-term funding mayhave changed, the very pressing need for more affordable housing is real and is not going away.36. The author believes that the housing sector ________.[A] has attracted much attention [B] involves certain political factors[C] shoulders too much responsibility [D] has lost its real value in economy37. It can be learned that affordable housing has ________.[A] increased its home supply [B] offered spending opportunities[C] suffered government biases [D] disappointed the government38. According to Paragraph 5, George Osborne may ________.[A] allow greater government debt for housing [B] stop local authorities from building homes[C] prepare to reduce housing stock debt [D] release a lifted GDP growth forecast39. It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would ________.[A] lower the costs of registered providers [B] lessen the impact of government interference[C] contribute to funding new developments [D] relieve the ministers of responsibilities40. The author believes that after 2015, the government may ________.[A] implement more policies to support housing [B] review the need for largescale public grants [C] renew the affordable housing grants programme [D] stop generous funding to the housing sector Part BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Emerging in the late Sixties and reaching a peak in the Seventies, Land Art was one of a range of new forms, including Body Art, Performance Art, Action Art and Installation Art, which pushed art beyond the traditional confines of the studio and gallery. Rather than portraying landscape, land artists used the physical substance of the land itself as their medium.The British Land Art, typified by Long's piece, was not only more domestically scaled, but a lot quirkier than its American counterpart.Indeed, while you might assume that an exhibition of Land Art would consist only of records of works rather than the works themselves, Long's photograph of his work is the work. Since his “action” is in the past, the photograph is its sole embodiment.Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half full. But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor. According to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down --- say, after giving a bad lecture ——he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction.He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student. Write him to email to1) tell him about your living habits, and2) ask for advice about living there.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, You should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)2014年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解SectionⅠUse of English文章分析本文是一篇关于肥胖与健康关系新说法的议论文。
2014考研英语二翻译真题及答案
2014考研英语二翻译真题及答案Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half fall. But that’s exactly the kind of false deerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.” says Ta l Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben- Shalar,realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.Section III Translation46、【参考译文】大多数人认为乐观是无尽的欢乐，如同总是有半杯水的杯子。
2014年考研英语二真题及答案
14考研英语二真题及答案SectionI Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for eachnumbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ thatnormal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseasescompared to those who are overweight.And there are healthconditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. Forexample, heavier women are less likely to develop calciumdeficiency than thin women.___3___ among the elderly, beingsomewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of goodhealth.Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to bevery difficult to define.It is often defined ___6___ body massindex, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square ofheight. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to benormal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 isconsidered obese. Obesity, ___8___,canbe divided into moderatelyobese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity isprobably less amatter of weight than body fat. Some people with ahigh BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10others with a low BMI may bein poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional footballplayers 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low.Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.Theoverweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered.Stereotypes _16_ with obesityinclude laziness, lack of willpower,and lower prospects forsuccess.Teachers,employers,and healthprofessionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese._17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight,andteasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient[D]troublesome3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D]straightforward10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored16. [A] [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] without 3 R9E! u0 M& F; R) y' a1 X! gSection II ReadingComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below eachtext by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for GloriaMackenzie, an84-year-old widow who recently emerged from hersmall, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undividedlottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tunewill yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse thanread Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to showthat the most rewarding ways to spend money can becounterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visionsof fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with thesematerial purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once excitingand new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better tospend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, likeinteresting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. Thesepurchases often become more valuable with time-as stories ormemories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected toothers.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as wellas lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." Itseems most people would be better off if they could shorten theircommutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and lessof it watching television (something the average American spends awhopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier forit).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurablethan purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyablewhen they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reasonMacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - amarketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object ofobsession.Readers of “HappyMoney” are clearly a privileged lot, anxiousabout fulfillment, not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness,but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than thosein poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending moneyon others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world,and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people.Not everyone will agree with the authorspolicy ideas, which rangefrom mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentivesforAmerican homebuyers. But most people will come away from this bookbelieving it wasmoney well spent。
2014年考研英语二真题答案
2014年考研英语二真题答案在2014年的考研英语二真题中，学生们面临了一系列的问题和挑战。
本文将为您提供2014年考研英语二真题的详细答案和解析，帮助您更好地理解和掌握考试内容。
【第一部分：阅读理解】Passage 1题目：Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage about Sir Alex Ferguson?答案：A. Statistical records of Sir Alex Ferguson's career.解析：文章中提到了许多关于弗格森爵士的信息，例如他的战绩、荣誉等等，但并没有提到有关他的职业生涯的统计数据。
Passage 2题目：According to the passage, the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road are aimed at ________.答案：D. enhancing regional connectivity解析：文章中提到了“一带一路”倡议的目标是增强区域互联互通，这与选项D中提到的“提升区域互联互通”的意思相符。
Passage 3题目：It can be inferred from the passage that the rise of Asia is partly due to ________.答案：C. th ability of Asian countries to adjust to changes解析：文章中提到了亚洲国家在适应变化方面的能力是亚洲崛起的一部分原因。
【第二部分：完形填空】题目略。
【第三部分：概括大意与完成句子】Passage 1题目：The research discovered that GPS navigation reduces the brain's tendency to ________.答案：B. create mental maps解析：文章中提到，使用GPS导航会减少人们大脑建立心理地图的倾向。