2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国卷I
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷I） 英 语 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. 答案是C。 1. Where does this conversation take place? A. In a classroom. B. In a hospital. C. In a museum. 2. What does Jack want to do? A. Take fitness classes. B. Buy a pair of gym shoes. C. Change his work schedule. 3. What are the speakers talking about? A. What to drink. B. Where to meet. C. When to leave. 4. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Colleagues. B. Classmates. C. Strangers. 5. Why is Emily mentioned in the conversation? A. She might want a ticket. B. She is looking for the man. C. She has an extra ticket. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. How long did James run his business? A. 10 years. B. 13 years. C. 15 years. 7. How does the woman feel about James’ situation? A. Embarrassed. B. Concerned. C. Disappointed. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. What has Kate’s mother decided to do? A. Return to school. B. Change her job. C. Retire from work. 9. What did Kate’s mother study at college? A. Oil painting. B. Art history. C. Business administration. 10. What is Kate’s attitude toward her mother’s decision? A. Disapproving. B. Ambiguous. C. Understanding. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. What is the man doing? A. Chairing a meeting. B. Hosting a radio program. C. Conducting a job interview. 12. What benefits Mary most in her job? A. Her wide reading. B. Her leaders’ guidance. C. Her friends’ help. 13. Who will Mary talk about next? A. Her teacher. B. Her father. C. Her mother. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14. Why does the man seldom do exercise? A. He lacks motivation. B. He has a heart problem. C. He works all the time. 15. What does Jacob Sattelmair probably do? A. He’s an athlete. B. He’s a researcher. C. He’s a journalist. 16. Why does the woman speak of a study? A. To encourage the man. B. To recommend an exercise. C. To support her findings. 17. How much time will the man probably spend exercising weekly? A. 300 minutes. B. 150 minute. C. 75 minutes. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18. What did the scientists do to the road? A. They repaired it. B. They painted it. C. They blocked it 19. Why are young birds drawn to the road surface? A. It’s warm. B. It’s brown. C. It’s smooth. 20. What is the purpose of the scientists’ experiment? A. To keep the birds there for a whole year. B. To help students study the birds well. C. To prevent the birds from being killed. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A Need a Job This Summer? The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program. Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round. Jobs for Youth If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible（符合条件）for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training. Who is eligible: Youth 15—18 years old in select communities（社区）. Summer Company Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses. Who is eligible: Students aged 15—29, returning to school in the fall. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer. Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year. Summer Employment Opportunities（机会） Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups. Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability. 21. What is special about Summer Company? A. It requires no training before employment. B. It provides awards for running new businesses. C. It allows one to work in the natural environment. D. It offers more summer job opportunities. 22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program? A.15—18. B.15—24. C.15—29. D.16—17. 23. Which program favors the disabled? A. Jobs for Youth. B. Summer Company. C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program. D. Summer Employment Opportunities. B For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day, and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking. But he’s nervous.＂I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…＂Chris trips on the＂-ld,＂a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.＂…Vote for …me …＂Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him. A son of immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls（回想起）how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom. Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. ＂It takes a lot for any student,＂ Whaley explains, ＂especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, ‘I don’t know，but I want to know.’＂ Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast（夸耀）
2019年高考理综全国1卷(附答案)
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Mg 24 S 32 Fe 56 Cu 64一、选择题：本题共13个小题，每小题6分。
共78分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1．细胞凋亡是细胞死亡的一种类型。
下列关于人体中细胞凋亡的叙述，正确的是A．胎儿手的发育过程中不会发生细胞凋亡B．小肠上皮细胞的自然更新过程中存在细胞凋亡现象C．清除被病原体感染细胞的过程中不存在细胞凋亡现象D．细胞凋亡是基因决定的细胞死亡过程，属于细胞坏死2．用体外实验的方法可合成多肽链。
已知苯丙氨酸的密码子是UUU，若要在体外合成同位素标记的多肽链，所需的材料组合是①同位素标记的tRNA②蛋白质合成所需的酶③同位素标记的苯丙氨酸④人工合成的多聚尿嘧啶核苷酸⑤除去了DNA和mRNA的细胞裂解液A．①②④B．②③④C．③④⑤D．①③⑤3．将一株质量为20 g的黄瓜幼苗栽种在光照等适宜的环境中，一段时间后植株达到40 g，其增加的质量来自于A．水、矿质元素和空气B．光、矿质元素和水C．水、矿质元素和土壤D．光、矿质元素和空气4．动物受到惊吓刺激时，兴奋经过反射弧中的传出神经作用于肾上腺髓质，使其分泌肾上腺素；兴奋还通过传出神经作用于心脏。
下列相关叙述错误的是A．兴奋是以电信号的形式在神经纤维上传导的B．惊吓刺激可以作用于视觉、听觉或触觉感受器C．神经系统可直接调节、也可通过内分泌活动间接调节心脏活动D．肾上腺素分泌增加会使动物警觉性提高、呼吸频率减慢、心率减慢5．某种二倍体高等植物的性别决定类型为XY型。
2019年全国I卷英语高考真题 (1)
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷I）英语注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
ANeed a Job This Summer?The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.Jobs for YouthIf you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible（符合条件）for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is eligible: Youth 15—18 years old in select communities（社区）.Summer CompanySummer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible: Students aged 15—29, returning to school in the fall.Stewardship Youth Ranger ProgramYou could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.Summer Employment Opportunities（机会）Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.21. What is special about Summer Company?A. It requires no training before employment.B. It provides awards for running new businesses.C. It allows one to work in the natural environment.D. It offers more summer job opportunities.22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?A.15—18.B.15—24.C.15—29.D.16—17.23. Which program favors the disabled?A. Jobs for Youth.B. Summer Company.C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.D. Summer Employment Opportunities.BFor Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day, and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But he’s nervous.＂I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…＂Chris trips on the＂-ld,＂a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.＂…Vo te for …me…＂Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.A son of immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls（回想起）how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. ＂It takes a lot for any student,＂Whaley explains, ＂especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, ‘I don’t know，but I want to know.’＂Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says theproject is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast（夸耀）about themselves.＂Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,＂Whaley says, ＂is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.＂24. What made Chris nervous？A. Telling a story.B. Making a speech.C. Taking a test.D. Answering a question.25. What does the underlined word ＂stumbles＂in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Improper pauses.B. Bad manners.C. Spelling mistakes.D. Silly jokes.26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to _________.A. help students see their own strengthsB. assess students’ public speaking skillsC. prepare students for their future jobsD. inspire students’ love for politics27. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?A. Humorous.B. Ambitious.C. Caring.D. Demanding.CAs data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric（生物测量）technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device（装置）that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence（节奏）with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word ＂touch＂four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A. To reduce pressure on keys.B. To improve accuracy in typingC. To replace the password system.D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?A. Computers are much easier to operate.B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.D. Data security measures are guaranteed.30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?A. It’ll be environment-friendly.B. It’ll reach consumers soon.C. It’ll be made of plastics.D. It’ll help speed up typing.31. Where is this text most likely from?A. A diary.B. A guidebookC. A novel.D. A magazine.DDuring the rosy years of elementary school（小学）, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adoles cence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are ＂most likely to engage （从事）in dangerous and risky behavior.＂In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, themost liked and the highest in status based on student surveys（调查研究）. ＂We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness —carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ＂he said.32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?A. Unkind.B. Lonely.C. Generous.D. Cool.33.What is the second paragraph mainly about？A. The classification of the popular.B. The characteristics of adolescents.C. The importance of interpersonal skills.D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids?A. They appeared to be aggressive.B. They tended to be more adaptable.C. They enjoyed the highest status.D. They performed well academically.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Be Nice—You Won’t Finish LastB. The Higher the Status, the BetterC. Be the Best—You Can Make ItD. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019年高考英语试题及答案(全国1卷)
2019年高考英语试题及答案（全国1卷）2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一卷注意事项：1. 答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷和答题卡相对应的位置上。
2. 选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对于题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回来有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A. ￡19.15.B. ￡9.15C. ￡9.18.答案是B。
1. What does the man like about the play?A.The story.B.The ending.C.The actor.2.Which place are the speakers trying to find?A.A hotel.B.A bank.C.A restaurant.3.At what time will the two speakers meet?A. 5:20B. 5:10C.4:404.what will the man do ?A.Change the planB.Wait for a phone callC.Sort things out5.What does the woman want to do ?A.See a film with the man.B. Offer the man some helpC.Listen to some great music.第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）请听下面5段对话。
2019年高考英语全国1卷(附答案)
12B-YY-0000010-绝密★启用前__2019 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试_-__-英语全国I卷__-（全卷共12 页）：号 -(适用地区：河北、河南、山西、山东、江西、安徽、湖北、湖南、广东、福建 )学-注意事项：__-1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
___-2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
___-如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号，回答非选择题时，将答案写在___答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
_线__封3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答案卡一并交回。
__密_第一部分听力（共两节，满分 30 分）_-__做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试：-名卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
姓--第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分7.5 分）-听下面 5 段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选班-__项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和_-__-阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
__4. What is the relationship between the speakers?A. Colleagues.B. Classmates.C. Strangers.5.Why is Emily mentioned in the conversation?A.She might want a ticket.B.She is looking for the man.C.She has an extra ticket.第二节（共 15小题；每小题 1.5分，满分 22.5分）听下面 5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A 、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国Ⅰ.文)含答案
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试文科数学本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
第Ⅰ卷1至2页。
第Ⅱ卷3至4页。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷注意事项：1.答题前，考生在答题卡上务必用黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并贴好条形码。
请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。
2．每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，在试题卷上作答无效。
3．本卷共12小题，每小题5分，共60分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
参考公式：如果时间A 、B 互斥，那么()()()P A B P A P B +=+ 如果时间A 、B 相互独立，那么()()()P A B P A P B =如果事件A 在一次试验中发生的概率是P ，那么n 次独立重复试验中恰好发生k 次的概率()()1n kkkn n P k C P P -=-球的表面积公式24S R π=，其中R 表示球的半径 球的体积公式343V R π=，其中R 表示球的半径 一、选择题⑴、已知向量a b 、满足1,4,a b ==，且2a b =，则a 与b 的夹角为 A ．6π B ．4π C ．3π D ．2π ⑵、设集合{}20M x x x =-<，{}2N x x =<，则 A ．M N =∅ B ．M N M = C ．MN M = D ．MN R =⑶、已知函数x y e =的图象与函数()y f x =的图象关于直线y x =对称，则 A ．()22()x f x e x R =∈ B ．()2ln 2ln (0)f x x x => C ．()22()x f x e x R =∈ D ．()2ln ln 2(0)f x x x =+>⑷、双曲线221mx y +=的虚轴长是实轴长的2倍，则m =A ．14-B ．4-C ．4D ．14⑸、设n S 是等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和，若735S =，则4a =A ．8B ．7C ．6D ．5⑹、函数()tan 4f x x π⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭的单调增区间为A ．,,22k k k Z ππππ⎛⎫-+∈ ⎪⎝⎭ B ．()(),1,k k k Z ππ+∈C ．3,,44k k k Z ππππ⎛⎫-+∈ ⎪⎝⎭D ．3,,44k k k Z ππππ⎛⎫-+∈ ⎪⎝⎭⑺、从圆222210x x y y -+-+=外一点()3,2P 向这个圆作两条切线，则两切线夹角的余弦值为A ．12B ．35C ．2D ．0⑻、ABC ∆的内角A 、B 、C 的对边分别为a 、b 、c ，若a 、b 、c 成等比数列，且2c a =，则cos B =A ．14 B ．34C ．4D ．3⑼、已知各顶点都在一个球面上的正四棱柱高为4，体积为16，则这个球的表面积是A ．16πB ．20πC ．24πD ．32π抛物线2y x =-上的点到直线4380x y +-=距离的最小值是 A ．43 B ．75C ．85D ．3⑽、在1012x x ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭的展开式中，4x 的系数为A ．120-B ．120C ．15-D ．15 ⑾、抛物线2y x =-上的点到直线4380x y +-=距离的最小值是A ．43 B ．75C ．85D ．3⑿、用长度分别为2、3、4、5、6（单位：cm ）的5根细木棒围成一个三角形（允许连接，但不允许折断），能够得到的三角形的最大面积为A ．2B ．2C ．2D ．220cm2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科数学 第Ⅱ卷注意事项：1.答题前，考生在答题卡上务必用黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并贴好条形码。
2019年全国卷1高考理综试题及答案
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 S 32 Cl35.5 K39 Ti 48 Fe 56 I 127 一、选择题：本题共13个小题，每小题6分，共78分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1．细胞间信息交流的方式有多种。
在哺乳动物卵巢细胞分泌的雌激素作用于乳腺细胞过程中，以及精子进入卵细胞的过程中，细胞间信息交流的实现分别依赖于A．血液运输，突触传递B．淋巴运输，突触传递C．淋巴运输，胞间连丝传递D．血液运输，细胞间直接接触2．下列关于细胞结构与成分的叙述，错误的是A．细胞膜的完整性可用台盼蓝染色法进行检测B．检测氨基酸的含量可用双缩脲试剂进行显色C．若要观察处于细胞分裂中期的染色体可用醋酸洋红液染色D．斐林试剂是含有Cu2+的碱性溶液，可被葡萄糖还原成砖红色3．通常，叶片中叶绿素含量下降可作为其衰老的检测指标。
为研究激素对叶片衰老的影响，将某植物离体叶片分组，并分别置于蒸馏水、细胞分裂素（CTK）、脱落酸（ABA）、CTK+ABA溶液中，再将各组置于光下。
一段时间内叶片中叶绿素含量变化趋势如图所示，据图判断，下列叙述错误的是A．细胞分裂素能延缓该植物离体叶片的衰老B．本实验中CTK对该植物离体叶片的作用可被ABA削弱C．可推测ABA组叶绿体中NADPH合成速率大于CTK组D．可推测施用ABA能加速秋天银杏树的叶由绿变黄的过程4．某同学将一定量的某种动物的提取液（A）注射到实验小鼠体内，注射后若干天，未见小鼠出现明显的异常表现。
将小鼠分成两组，一组注射少量的A，小鼠很快发生了呼吸困难等症状；另一组注射生理盐水，未见小鼠有异常表现。
对实验小鼠在第二次注射A后的表现，下列解释合理的是A．提取液中含有胰岛素，导致小鼠血糖浓度降低B．提取液中含有乙酰胆碱，使小鼠骨骼肌活动减弱C．提取液中含有过敏原，引起小鼠发生了过敏反应D．提取液中含有呼吸抑制剂，可快速作用于小鼠呼吸系统5．假设某草原上散养某种家畜种群呈S型增长，该种群的增长率随种群数量的变化趋势如图所示。
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国Ⅰ卷)
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国Ⅰ卷)物理部分一、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题6分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，第1~5题只有一项符合题目要求，第6~8题有多项符合题目要求。
全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。
1．氢原子能级示意图如图所示。
光子能量在1.63 eV~3.10 eV的光为可见光。
要使处于基态n 的氢原子被激发后可辐射出可见光光子，最少应给氢原子提供的能量为(1)A．12.09 eV B．10.20 eV C．1.89 eV D．1.5l eV2．如图，空间存在一方向水平向右的匀强电场，两个带电小球P和Q用相同的绝缘细绳悬挂在水平天花板下，两细绳都恰好与天花板垂直，则A．P和Q都带正电荷B．P和Q都带负电荷C．P带正电荷，Q带负电荷D．P带负电荷，Q带正电荷3．最近，我国为“长征九号”研制的大推力新型火箭发动机联试成功，这标志着我国重型运载火箭的研发取得突破性进展。
若某次实验中该发动机向后喷射的气体速度约为 310N，则它在1 s时间内喷射的气体质量约为km/s，产生的推力约为4.8×6A ．1.6×210 kgB ．1.6×310 kgC ．1.6×510 kgD ．1.6×610 kg4．如图，等边三角形线框LMN 由三根相同的导体棒连接而成，固定于匀强磁场中，线框平面与磁感应强度方向垂直，线框顶点M 、N 与直流电源两端相接，已如导体棒MN 受到的安培力大小为F ，则线框LMN 受到的安培力的大小为A ．2FB ．1.5FC ．0.5FD ．05．如图，篮球架下的运动员原地垂直起跳扣篮，离地后重心上升的最大高度为H 。
上升第一个4H所用的时间为1t ，第四个4H 所用的时间为2t 。
不计空气阻力，则21t t 满足A ．1<21t t <2B ．2<21t t <3C ．3<21t t <4D ．4<21t t <5 6．如图，一粗糙斜面固定在地面上，斜面顶端装有一光滑定滑轮。
2019年高考理科综合(全国I卷)试题及答案
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试一、选择题：本题共13小题，每小题6分，共78分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1．生物膜的结构与功能存在密切的联系。
下列有关叙述错误的是A．叶绿体的类囊体膜上存在催化ATP合成的酶B．溶酶体膜破裂后释放出的酶会造成细胞结构的破坏C．细胞的核膜是双层膜结构，核孔是物质进出细胞核的通道D．线粒体DNA位于线粒体外膜上，编码参与呼吸作用的酶2．生物体内的DNA常与蛋白质结合，以DNA-蛋白质复合物的形式存在。
下列相关叙述错误的是A．真核细胞染色体和染色质中都存在DNA-蛋白质复合物B．真核细胞的核中有DNA-蛋白质复合物，而原核细胞的拟核中没有C．若复合物中的某蛋白参与DNA复制，则该蛋白可能是DNA聚合酶D．若复合物中正在进行RNA的合成，则该复合物中含有RNA聚合酶3．下列有关植物根系吸收利用营养元素的叙述，错误的是NOA．在酸性土壤中，小麦可吸收利用土壤中的N2和3B．农田适时松土有利于农作物根细胞对矿质元素的吸收C．土壤微生物降解植物秸秆产生的无机离子可被根系吸收D．给玉米施肥过多时，会因根系水分外流引起“烧苗”现象4．已知药物X对细胞增殖有促进作用，药物D可抑制药物X的作用。
某同学将同一瓶小鼠皮肤细胞平均分为甲、乙、丙三组，分别置于培养液中培养，培养过程中进行不同的处理（其中甲组未加药物），每隔一段时间测定各组细胞数，结果如图所示。
据图分析，下列相关叙述不合理的是A．乙组加入了药物X后再进行培养B．丙组先加入药物X，培养一段时间后加入药物D，继续培养C．乙组先加入药物D，培养一段时间后加入药物X，继续培养D．若药物X为蛋白质，则药物D可能改变了药物X的空间结构5．种群密度是种群的数量特征之一。
下列叙述错误的是A．种群的S型增长是受资源因素限制而呈现的结果B．某林场中繁殖力极强老鼠种群数量的增长会受密度制约C．鱼塘中某种鱼的养殖密度不同时，单位水体该鱼的产量有可能相同D．培养瓶中细菌种群数量达到K值前，密度对其增长的制约逐渐减弱6．某大肠杆菌能在基本培养基上生长，其突变体M和N均不能在基本培养基上生长，但M可在添加了氨基酸甲的基本培养基上生长，N可在添加了氨基酸乙的基本培养基上生长。
2019年全国高考I卷理综(化学)试题与答案
绝密★启用前2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试化学部分可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 Li 7 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 S 32 Cl 35.5 Ar 40 Fe 56 I 127一、选择题：本题共13个小题，每小题6分。
共78分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.瓷是火与土的结晶，是中华文明的象征之一，其形成、性质与化学有着密切的关系。
下列说法错误的是A. “雨过天晴云破处”所描述的瓷器青色，来自氧化铁B. 闻名世界的兵马俑是制品，由黏土经高温烧结而成C. 瓷是应用较早的人造材料，主要化学成分是硅酸盐D. 瓷化学性质稳定，具有耐酸碱侵蚀、抗氧化等优点2.关于化合物2−苯基丙烯（），下列说确的是A. 不能使稀高锰酸钾溶液褪色B. 可以发生加成聚合反应C. 分子中所有原子共平面D.易溶于水及甲苯3.实验室制备溴苯的反应装置如下图所示，关于实验操作或叙述错误的是A. 向圆底烧瓶中滴加苯和溴的混合液前需先打开KB. 实验中装置b中的液体逐渐变为浅红色C. 装置c中的碳酸钠溶液的作用是吸收溴化氢D. 反应后的混合液经稀碱溶液洗涤、结晶，得到溴苯4.固体界面上强酸的吸附和离解是多相化学在环境、催化、材料科学等领域研究的重要课题。
下图为少量HCl气体分子在253 K冰表面吸附和溶解过程的示意图。
下列叙述错误的是A. 冰表面第一层中，HCl以分子形式存在B. 冰表面第二层中，H+浓度为5×10−3 mol·L−1（设冰的密度为0.9 g·cm−3）C. 冰表面第三层中，冰的氢键网格结构保持不变D. 冰表面各层之间，均存在可逆反应HCl垐?噲?H++Cl−5.NaOH溶液滴定邻苯二甲酸氢钾（邻苯二甲酸氢钾H2A的K a1=1.1×10−3 ，K a2=3.9×10−6）溶液，混合溶液的相对导电能力变化曲线如图所示，其中b点为反应终点。
2019年全国高考I卷理综(化学)试题及答案
（5）⑤的反应类型是__________。
（6）写出F到G的反应方程式__________。
（7）设计由甲苯和乙酰乙酸乙酯(CH3COCH2COOC2H5)制备 的合成路线__________(无机试剂任选)。
化学部分解析
可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 Li 7 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 S 32 Cl 35.5 Ar 40 Fe 56 I 127
D项、2-苯基丙烯为烃类，分子中不含羟基、羧基等亲水基团，，难溶于水，易溶于有机溶剂，则2-苯基丙烯难溶于水，易溶于有机溶剂甲苯，故D错误。
故选B。
【点睛】本题考查有机物的结构与性质，侧重分析与应用能力的考查，注意把握有机物的结构，掌握各类反应的特点，并会根据物质分子结构特点进行判断是解答关键。
3.实验室制备溴苯的反应装置如下图所示，关于实验操作或பைடு நூலகம்述错误的是
回答下列问题：
（1）在95℃“溶侵”硼镁矿粉，产生的气体在“吸收”中反应的化学方程式为_________。
（2）“滤渣1”的主要成分有_________。为检验“过滤1”后的滤液中是否含有Fe3+离子，可选用的化学试剂是_________。
（3）根据H3BO3的解离反应：H3BO3+H2O H++B(OH)−4，Ka=5.81×10−10，可判断H3BO3是_______酸；在“过滤2”前，将溶液pH调节至3.5，目的是_______________。
故选A。
【点睛】本题考查物质 性质，侧重分析与应用能力的考查，注意化学与生活的联系，把握物质性质、反应与用途为解答的关键。
2.关于化合物2−苯基丙烯（ ），下列说法正确的是