初中英语语法精讲精练----主谓一致

初中英语语法精讲精练：主谓一致

主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。表现在三个方面：语法一致；意义一致；就近一致（就近原则）。

一语法一致(意义一致)：主语复数---- 谓语复数；主语单数----- 谓语单数

1 主语复数的情况---- 谓复

⑴ people, police, staff, crowd, sheep, cattle等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，

The police are waiting for the boy.

The staff are dressed as clowns.

⑵由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；

Both his father and his mother are both teachers. 他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。

⑶“定冠词+姓氏复数形式”表示一家人时，谓语一般用复数。

The Smiths are having dinner.

⑷ the ＋a. 表一类人，做主语，谓语用复数；但表示抽象概念时，用单数形式：

The poor aren’t always very sad, while the rich aren’t always happy.

The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。

2 主语单数的情况----- 谓单

⑴单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式：

Some water is in the bottle.

The boy is playing football on the playground.

⑵ many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式：

Many a student has been to Shanghai.

⑶ more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。例如：

More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。

⑷表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度等度量词或短语作主语时，常看作整体概念，谓单：

Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。

Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. 2 0英镑并不太重。

Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。

⑸表加减乘除的数学运算做主语，谓单：

Three plus two is five.

Five minus four is one.

Three times two is six.

Eight divided by four is two.

⑹ each A and each B 和every A and every B 作主语，谓单：

Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。

Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。

⑺ one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓单：

One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。

⑻动词不定式，动名词,句子作主语时，谓单：

To see is to believe 眼见为实。

Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。

Who will be our English teacher is unknown.

⑼ a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓单：

A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。

⑽主语为某些词组，如one of , each of, every one of, any one of , none of 等加复数名词或代词，谓语用单数。如：One of my favorite sports is basketball.

⑾不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主语，谓单：

Is everyone here today.

Something is wrong with my watch.

Nobody was in.

⑿each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。

Neither answer is correct两个答案都不正确。

⒀s结尾的表单数意义的名词作主语，谓单，如news, maths, physics等：No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。

Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。

3 谓语根据主语单复数意义来定的情况：

⑴a number of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数；the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语

动词用单数。例如：

A number of famous people were invited to party. 许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。

The number of the students is over eight hundred. 我们学校的学生数超过800人。

⑵相同两部分组成的名词做主语，谓复；当名词前kind of, pair of, glass of 等表示量的短语

修饰时，谓语与kind, pair, glass等一致：

The blue trousers are mine.

This pair of shoes is Tom’s. 这双鞋是汤姆的。

There are two glasses of water on the table. 桌上有两杯水。

⑶“lots of/ a lot of/plenty of+ 名词”或“分数/百分数+名词”作主语时，谓语动词取决于名词的

数；若是不可数名词，用单数；若名词是复数，则用复数

75 percent of land is covered with water.

Three fourths of students are girls in our class.

Lots of money is needed.

Plenty of water has been polluted.

⑷由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同

一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数：

①a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物:

The writer and teacher is coming.

②a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物：

The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)

⑸ family, class, group, team等集体名词作主语，若指整体时，谓单; 指具体成员时，谓复数：

His family isn’t large. 他家的人不多。

My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。

⑹ none 如指量，用单数。若指数目，与可数名词连用，谓语用单也可用复，none 如果代表不可数名词时谓语动词用单数。

None of the land has become desert.这些土地都没有变成沙漠。

None of the students in the class are tired of his lesson.

⑺ all/most/half/two thirds of/the rest of+名词作主语，谓语动词取决于of后面的名词：

Most of his time is spent on study.