CPRI协议

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云无线接入网中CPRI协议的FPGA实现及性能测试全解

云无线接入网中CPRI协议的FPGA实现及性能测试全解

列也已经有很多款支持CPRI IP核的FPGA芯片。灵活性最高
2018/10/23
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汇报提纲
1、研究背景及现状 2、系统设计与实现
201FPGA的CPRI IP核的基础上,设 计一个完整的Master – Slave收发通信系统,并进
行实验,以验证CPRI协议在BBU-RRH传输系统中
• 基站间干扰更加严重 • 资源利用率低,资本支出及运营支出大
→ 提出C-RAN架构
→ 移动通信接入网升级困难
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C-RAN架构 — What
内容:尽可能地将基带处理资源集中在一起,形成一个基带资源池并对处理资 源进行统一管理与动态分配,提升资将基带处理资源集中源利用率,降低电能
云无线接入网中CPRI协议的FPGA实现 和性能测试
上海交通大学电子信息与电气工程学院 区域光纤通信网与新型光通信系统国家重点实验室 015034910015 朱庆明 工作基础 from 李隆胜
汇报提纲
1、研究背景及现状 2、系统设计与实现
2018/10/23
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C-RAN架构 — Why
无线接入网现状: 不断增长的数据流量需求 → 需要建设更多网络基础设施(接入点、基站) →
2018/10/23
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谢谢!
延时 测量 模块
PLL延时测量参 考时钟源
300MHz采样时 钟源
JTAG接口 CPRI Slave IP CORE
从设备初 始化控制 及数据产 生模块
嵌入式逻辑分析 仪
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部分实验结果
示波器测量信号传输波形
2018/10/23
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实验结论
• 仿真结果验证了该FPGA系统支持CPRI的数字传输系统的所有 功能,表明系统原理的正确性以及设计的可行性 • 但实际由于FPGA开发板的限制,无法实现实际传输

cpri协议中文介绍

cpri协议中文介绍

通用公共无线接口(CPRI)规范V2.0(中文)文档编号CPRI-003版本号 1.0文档名称:通用公共无线接口(CPRI)规范v2.0项目名称:通用公共无线接口(CPRI)项目负责人:编写2005 年 2 月25 日校对2005 年 3 月 5 日审核年月日批准年月日开发单位南京国人通信研发中心通用公共无线接口(CPRI)规范v2.0 Version1.0南京国人通信研发中心2005.2.25目录1概念 (5)2系统描述 (6)2.1定义/术语 (6)2.2系统结构 (9)2.3相关配置 (10)2.4功能描述 (12)2.4.1无线功能 (12)2.4.2CPRI控制功能 (13)3 接口指标 (14)3.1支持的无线标准 (14)3.2 操作范围 (14)3.3 拓扑结构/转换/多路技术 (14)3.4 带宽/容量/可测性 (15)3.4.1容量 (15)3.4.2用户平台IQ采样宽度 (15)3.4.3控制和管理平台BIT速率 (15)3.5同步/定时 (16)3.5.1频率同步 (16)3.5.2结构定时信息 (16)3.5.3链路定时精确度 (17)3.5.4 往返延时精度 (17)3.6 延时校准 (17)3.6.1单链路光缆往返延时 (17)3.6.2多跳连接的往返延时 (17)3.7链路维护 (18)3.8QOS (18)通用公共无线接口(CPRI)规范v2.0 Version1.0南京国人通信研发中心2005.2.253.8.2用户平台误比特率 (18)3.8.3控制和管理平台误比特率 (18)3.9启动 (19)3.9.1时钟启动时间 (19)3.9.2 即插即用 (19)4 接口规范 (22)4.1协议总结 (22)4.2物理层(LAYER 1)规范 (23)4.2.1线比特率 (23)4.2.2 物理层模式 (23)4.2.3电接口 (24)4.2.4光接口 (25)4.2.5线性编码 (25)4.2.6比特纠错和检测 (25)4.2.7帧结构 (25)4.2.8同步和定时 (38)4.2.9链路延时精度和电缆延时校准 (38)4.2.10物理层的链路维护 (41)4.3慢速控制和管理(C&M)信道数据链路层(LAYER 2)规范 (44)4.3.1MAC帧结构 (44)4.3.2媒体访问控制/数据映射 (45)4.3.3流控制功能 (45)4.3.4数据保护/重传机制 (45)4.4快速控制和管理(C&M)信道数据链路层(LAYER 2)规范 (45)4.4.1MAC帧结构 (46)4.4.2媒体访问控制/数据映射 (46)4.4.3流控制功能 (49)通用公共无线接口(CPRI)规范v2.0 Version1.0南京国人通信研发中心2005.2.254.5启动次序 (49)4.5.1概述 (49)4.5.2物理层启动定时器 (50)4.5.3状态描述 (51)4.5.4 转换描述 (57)5 互用性 (60)5.1之前及以后版本的兼容性 (60)5.1.1在CPRI固着最小控制信息的位置 (60)5.1.2CPRI中的保留带宽 (60)5.1.3 版本号 (61)5.1.4 CPRI帧结构中的规范版本 (61)5.2 遵从 (61)6附录 (62)6.1延时校准实例(提供信息) (62)6.3 网络(提供信息) (64)6.3.1概念 (64)6.3.2SAPCM通过RE的接收与传送 (64)6.3.3SAPIQ通过RE的接收与传送 (65)6.3.4SAPS通过RE的接收与分配 (65)6.3.5通过RE信号化CPRI物理层的接收与传送 (65)6.3.6BIT率变换 (66)7 缩写表 (66)8 参考文献 (68)通用公共无线接口(CPRI)规范v2.0 Version1.0南京国人通信研发中心2005.2.251概念通用公共无线接口(CPRI)联盟是一个工业合作组织,致力于从事无线基站内部无线设备控制中心(简称REC)及无线设备(简称RE)之间主要接口规范的制定工作。

cpri协议

cpri协议

cpri协议CPRI(Common Public Radio Interface)协议是一种用于无线通信系统中的光纤接口协议,主要用于连接基站无线电单元(RRH)和基带处理单元(BBU)。

它提供了一种高速、可靠的通信方式,使得无线信号可以通过光纤进行传输,从而减少了系统中的损耗和干扰,提高了系统的性能和可靠性。

CPRI协议定义了RRH和BBU之间的接口规范,包括逻辑、电气和光学特性。

它规定了数据传输的格式、速率和容量,并提供了相应的控制和管理功能。

CPRI协议可以在不同厂商的设备之间进行互操作,为无线通信系统的发展提供了更大的灵活性和可扩展性。

CPRI协议的主要特点之一是其高速传输能力。

根据不同的版本和配置,CPRI协议的速率可以达到2.5 Gbps、3.072 Gbps或6.144 Gbps。

这种高速传输能力可以满足无线通信系统中复杂的数据传输需求,保证信号的实时性和准确性。

此外,CPRI协议还具有低延迟和高可靠性的特点。

由于无线信号需要经过光纤传输,将无线接收机和无线发送机分离开来,可以大大减少无线信号在传输过程中的延迟。

同时,CPRI协议还提供了多种错误检测和纠正机制,保证数据传输的可靠性,并快速响应故障和异常情况。

CPRI协议还具有灵活的配置能力。

CPRI协议支持不同的信道带宽、载波和调制方案,可以适应不同的无线通信系统的需求。

此外,CPRI协议还支持动态重配置、自动协商和自动适配等功能,使得系统的管理和维护工作更加简单和方便。

综上所述,CPRI协议是一种在无线通信系统中广泛应用的光纤接口协议。

它通过高速、可靠的数据传输、低延迟和灵活的配置能力,提高了无线通信系统的性能和可靠性。

随着无线通信系统的发展,CPRI协议将继续发挥重要作用,并不断演化和创新,以满足不断变化的需求。

5G网络的部署-CPRI

5G网络的部署-CPRI

5G网络的部署SA(Standalone,独立组网)NSA(Non-Standalone,非独立组网)CPRI:(Common Public Radio Interface):通用公共无线电接口RRU至BBU之间的通信协议,Fronthaul(前传)多集中在分析BBU与RRU之间的传统的CPRI接口。

目前LTE系统中,2x2 MIMO,20MHz小区带宽,峰值速率170Mbps,所需的CPRI带宽约为2.5Gbps。

随着载波数和MIMO流数的增加,CPRI带宽资源也几乎成倍增长。

5G的话准确的就是指AAS与DU之间或CU之间的通信网络,即拉远光纤建立的传输网络,CPRI是两者之间的通信协议,AAS光口一般叫做CPRI接口或eCPRI接口“回传”是指从基站到基站控制器之间的网络,可以是PTN/MSTP/OTN组网Hybrid口(混合型接口)ICMP:协议是一种面向无连接的协议,用于传输出错报告控制信息它属于网络层协议从技术角度来说,ICMP就是一个“错误侦测与回报机制”,其目的就是让我们能够检测网路的连线状况﹐也能确保连线的准确性。

当路由器在处理一个数据包的过程中发生了意外,可以通过ICMP向数据包的源端报告有关事件其功能主要有:侦测远端主机是否存在,建立及维护路由资料,重导资料传送路径(ICMP重定向),资料流量控制。

ICMP在沟通之中,主要是透过不同的类别(Type)与代码(Code) 让机器来识别不同的连线状况。

ICMP 是个非常有用的协议﹐尤其是当我们要对网路连接状况进行判断的时候一个新搭建好的网络,往往需要先进行一个简单的测试,来验证网络是否畅通;但是IP协议并不提供可靠传输。

如果丢包了,IP协议并不能通知传输层是否丢包以及丢包的原因。

所以我们就需要一种协议来完成这样的功能–ICMP协议。

RSL:Recevice Signal Level 接收信号电平TSL:发送信号电平RSSI 接收信号强度指示RSSI电压(实际上是电压表的值)与RSL有直接关系.。

ltebbu和rru之间的接口是什么协议

ltebbu和rru之间的接口是什么协议

ltebbu和rru之间的接⼝是什么协议
CPRI协议定义了两个协议层。

两个协议层为物理层(L1)和数据链路层(L2)。

在物理层中,将上层接⼊点的传输数据进⾏复/分接,并采⽤8B/10B编解码,通过光模块串⾏收发数据。

数据链路层定义了⼀个同步的帧结构,包含基本帧和超帧(由256个基本帧组成),数据在L2层中,通过CPRI固定的帧结构形式进⾏相应的成帧和解帧处理。

基带处理单元(BBU)和射频拉远单元(RRU)之间可以通过⼀条或多条CPRI数据链路来连接,每条CPRI数据链路⽀持614.4Mbps、1228.8M-bps和2457.6Mbps三种⽐特率⾼速串⾏传输。

当前⼯业界,通过将四条并⾏CPRI数据链路进⾏相应串⾏化处理,可实现BBU 与RRU之间通过光纤以近10Gbps(即4X2457.6 Mbps)速率超⾼速传输。

5G接入网及基站配置-CPRI接口组网

5G接入网及基站配置-CPRI接口组网

BBU通过其中一块BBP与 AAU建立操作维护链路,但
用户面数据会同时在两条 CPRI链路上传输,且两条 CPRI链路传输的内容相同
备份方案
单模板内负荷分担组网
单模板间负荷分担组网
BBU通过BBP的其中一个CPRI 接口与RRU/RFU/AAU建立操 作维护链路,用于传输操作维 护数据;用户面数据会同时在 两条CPRI链路上传输
组网方式
同的RRU/RFU/AAU直 接连接到BBU的 BBP/BRI内不同的CPRI 接口
对于每一条独立的链路,只有 第一级RRU/RFU/AAU直接与 BBU的BBP的CPRI接口相连, 其他RRU/RFU/AAU依次与上 级RRU/RFU/AAU相连
将RRU/RFU/AAU和BBU的 BBP/BRI连接形成环路,板上 CPRI连线的两端分别为环的环 头和环尾
备份方案比较
备份方式 板内冷备份环型组网 板间冷备份环型组网
热备份环型组网 单模负荷板内分担组网 单模负荷板间分担组网
多模负荷分担组网
双星型组网
基带单板 相同单板不同端口
不同单板端口 相同单板不同端口
不同单板端口
不同制式单板
制式
CPRI 用户数据
CPRI
RRU数
维护通道

只建立1条数据传输 路径
多个
BBU通过其中一块BBP与 RRU/RFU/AAU建立操作维护 链路,用于传输操作维护数 据;用户面数据会同时在两 条CPRI链路上传输Fra bibliotek备份方案
多模负荷分担组网
双星型组网
NL多模负荷分担组网中, RRU/RFU/AAU的两个CPRI接 口分别与NR制式的BBP和LTE 制式的BBP连接
BBU通过两个制式的BBP分别与 RRU/RFU/AAU建立操作维护链 路,两个制式的控制面数据和用 户面数据分别在各自的CPRI链路 上进行传输

cpri接口协议

cpri接口协议

竭诚为您提供优质文档/双击可除cpri接口协议篇一:cpRi协议前言随着通信技术的发展,标准化的基带-射频接口越来越受到各厂家的关注,在近几年内相继出现了cpRi、obsai、tdRi接口标准。

cpRi作为通用开放接口标准,由于其实现上的经济简便性受到了多方厂家的支持,设备供应商相继推出了基于cRpi协议标准的拉远产品,另一方面基于cRpi协议的交换机和路由器也在逐渐的成熟和推广。

开放的通用接口为3g基站产品节约成本、提高通用性和灵活性提供了方便。

cpRi协议由爱立信、华为、nec、北电和西门子五个厂家联合发起制定,用于无线通讯基站中基带到射频之间的通用接口协议,对其它组织和厂家开放。

cpRi大部分内容主要针对wcdma标准,为其可实现良好服务。

经分析,cpRi协议同样适用于td-scdma第三代移动通讯标准。

cpRi协议横向分为物理层和数据链路层;纵向分为用户平面、控制管理平面和同步平面,具有图1所示的结构。

硬件构架与实现cpRi协议分析仪主要实现射频单元、基带单元的功能模拟。

一方面采集数据进行协议分析,另一方面则产生模拟数据进行协议发送。

基于图1的协议结构,分析仪由控制器、cpRi协议处理器、时钟处理以及对外接口四个主要功能单元构成,支持614.4mbps、1.2288gbps和2.4576gbps三种数据速率,原理框图如图2示。

协议分析仪上高速信号较多,单组总线宽达64位,时钟速率66.6mhz,差分线对速率2.5gbps。

对于宽数据总线和快时钟速率,信号集成设计至关重要,一方面要保证每一个关键信号的信号完整性,同时在时序上需要满足接收芯片对于信号采样点的需求,以保证稳定无误的采样。

本设计中采用了cadence提供的sigxplorer仿真设计工具,以ibis 作为仿真模型,对关键信号进行了预仿真和布线后仿真,同时对关键链路进行了严格的时序裕度计算。

文章限于篇幅,以部分关键链路和关键信号的设计为例来展开,其他内容在此不再赘述。

CPRI协议分析与测试工具方案

CPRI协议分析与测试工具方案

CPRI协议分析与测试⼯具⽅案Validate & DebugInvestigator? not only validates compliance and interoperability to CPRI specifications, but also offers a complete test environment to debug when tricky problems and errors are encountered. Investigator TM ’s capability to see every bit down to the hardware level give us our motto:“We never miss a bit.”Fully-Integrated ArchitectureInvestigator’s architecture incorporates its protocol analyzer and traffic generator into the same hardware, making it an elegant and complete solution for debugging devices within a CPRI environment.General Specifications:Integrated Protocol Analyzer and Traffic GeneratorSupporting all CPRI versions up to and including 4.1 1.228, 2.457, 3.072, 4.915 & 6.144 Gbps link speeds Up to 32 time -synchronized full -duplex channels ? Lossless 100% line rate data capture ? Visibility down to the bit levelReal time analysis, filtering and triggering Real time traffic generation of CPRI packets A variety of connector and cable options available ?Multiple chassis configurations, including portable, rack mount, and ruggedizedSolutions Datasheet:Investigator? for CPRI ?Absolute Analysis Investigator CPRI Protocol T esterInvestigator ? Software above shown with 4U Rack Mount Platform OptionInvestigator? for CPRI provides a comprehensive tool set for validating and debugging devicesusing CPRI up to version 4.2CPRI ? is a trademark of Nokia SiemensBypass and Traffic Generation ModesInvestigator? monitors CPRI link traffic in different modes:Bypass mode : Investigator is passive to the line, and monitors traffic in real time agnostically.Traffic Generation Mode :Investigator is used as an end -point device, so generate packet data to the device under test, andsimultaneously listen to its response.Monitor Multiple PointsThe capacity of Investigator is 16 link pairs. This gives the tool the capability of monitoring multiple points simultaneously, and view the results with full time correlation. This capability is not limited to a single protocol. Multiple types of protocols can also be monitored to check data passing through multiple protocol domains.Monitor Errors Real-TimeInvestigator? captures data at full line rate. Couple this with its advanced triggering and filtering, allows users to monitor for conditions and errors in real -time. This not only saves time to find the problem, but also helpsdesigners quickly find which device is misbehaving. This proprietary filtering and triggering is unique to theindustry, and has the power to reduce your debug time in half or more.Investigator ? CPRI Solution OverviewThe Most Advanced Protocol Test Tool Available TodayThe Investigator? product line is the most advanced platform for testing high speed CPRI links today. All required testing functions, as well as multiple protocol support, are available in a single piece of hardware, leveraging your test equipment investment so you can focus on designing your device. Investigator has been successfully used in almost every industry where high speed communications are required, including military, aerospace, telecom, storage, networking, post silicon verification, and embedded systems.Investigator TM supports the testing of up to 16 concurrent full-duplex channels all using a single clockFind and Debug Errors FastInvestigator software provides exceptional functionality to find and debug errors fast. The software can constantly monitor data on the line, and only capture events neces-sary for your debug. This both saves time as well as precious capture data, insuring you will capture only the required conditions that caused the problem.To achieve this, the software utilizes a number of advanced functionality, including: ? Alarms : Build and save custom trigger, filter and capture configurations to server for later use, or use as part of a formal test procedure ? Advanced triggering : Start capturing data only when specific conditions are met ? Powerful filtering : Sift through trace data fast, and filter out all conditions except the ones you are looking for ? Search facilities : Find any data pattern within any packet or control symbol, and maintain a library of predefined search patterns ? Bookmarks : Set bookmarks for reference in later debugging Collaboration and Offline ViewingThe Investigator Viewer is available for free download, enabling design team collaboration with captured trace data. All traces can be captured and stored on any standard PC.Data Display FormatsRaw, 8B/10B, hexadecimal, and frame modes Detailed decode of each packet or control symbol down to individual bit level ? Highly configurable trace display with color coded channel data ? Independent or merged channel views ? Multi -layer post capture filtering on all fields.Search FacilitiesFind next and previous packets Create and go -to bookmarks Search for source or destination address Search for any data pattern within a packet or control symbol ? Library of predefined search items ? Find trigger events within a trace. Software Functions - Displaying and Finding Trace DataStatisticsCharacterize link performance with real time statistics monitoring. Provides bookmarks, search, event log, and readily customizable tabular or graphical displays of link data. Performance Statistics furtherenhances Investigator’s reputation for unrivalled flexibility, power and ease of use in high -speed data capture, decode and analysis.Investigator Trace Viewer showing a CPRI word view traceExpert Control: Find and Trigger on AnythingPart of the exercise of validating and debugging involves finding the problem quickly, without having to sift through gigabytes of data. With Investigator, the advanced triggering will allow you to trigger on any event or character within the protocol specification, and then setup automated multi -step tests.Advanced Analysis CapabilitiesTriggering Options ? Multi -level triggeringTrigger on multiple consecutive events, or across every channel Select from a list of predefined trigger events State machine “loop sequence” triggering ? Re -arm trigger if condition is not met ? Independent channel triggersAnalyzer ControlCapture and decode data before & after the triggerSend out an external sync out signal to any oscilloscope orlogic analyzerLoop back to begin after capturing data Use Boolean logic for up to 32 trigger conditions Re -arm trigger if condition is not met ? Independent channel triggersA Multi -Condition Trigger ExampleGenerate Real CPRI Packet Data To Your DeviceAbsolute Analysis Investigator’s CPRI Traffic Generator allows you to generate compliant traffic into a Device Under Test (DUT) with complete control over the timing and content of the data. Valid and invalid traffic streams can be defined to test device error recovery. The traffic generator’s ability to maintain full -line rate traffic, even across multiple links, allows deviceperformance to be measured and operation under stress to be characterized.Investigator’s Traffic Generator together with the Frame Builder application allows user -defined data to be sent across the interface.CPRI Traffic GeneratorUse Frame Builder to Define Payload and Control DataThe Frame Builder provides an easy to use GUI to create implementation defined payload and/or control symbols.To create such an event the user simply enters the value for each field or uses the default values supplied. Frame Builder uses the contents of the Protocol Database to display the field names and their default values in the GUI. Nested protocols are also supported.Critical timing events that cannot be supported in software are handled by the FPGA’s on the Interface Card such as flow control. These are configurable by the user.Frame Builder can also be expanded to generate data to external applications using .bin, .pcap and .csv formats.Generate CPRI Packet Data Using our Traffic GeneratorUse Frame Builder to generate Implementation Defined packetsand control symbolsWrite your own test case suitesAll of the functions used by the various Investigator applications are made available to the user through the Investigator Library API. The ‘C’ compatible interface allows 3rd party applications to be created on top of the investigator platform that can be used for Test Automation, Production Testing or Conformance Testing.The API can also be accessed from a UNIX platform using remote procedure calls enabling the integration of Unix -based platforms into theInvestigator Solution. As the support of Java -based applications increases within the Investigator platform, parts of the solution can run natively under UNIX.Investigator ?Library Application Programming Interface (API)Create your own custom protocolsThe Protocol Editor is easy to use, powerful means of adding implementation defined packets and control symbols, per the CPRI specification.The Protocol Editor uses a GUI to correctly display the translated data from the link. Once it is saved into the protocol database the new or revised protocol is available for decoding and searching within the Trace Viewer, in the Protocol Analyzer as trigger and filter definitions, also in the Frame Builder as a communications event.Investigator ?Protocol EditorInvestigator?ConnectivityA variety of connector types available The ports on every Investigator System have been standardized to accommodate the widest range of connections using the SFP (small form factor pluggable) transceiver specification.We support the most common connection methods for CPRI devices, which include:SFP to SMA cablesFlying leadsInterposer cardsMidbus probeQSFP to Infiniband style cables (not shown) QSFP to optical cables (not shown)QSFP to SMA cables (not shown)Please contact us for your specific connector and cabling needs.A Variety of Connectors and Cables Are Available (Not Shown: QSFP to InfiniBand or QSFP to optical cables)Select the chassis to suit your needs Investigator Platforms have been designed to meet a number of different customer requirements from high port count to extreme portability and ruggedization.Investigator makes use of industry standards within its design to protect customer investments in our technology. This means future upgrade paths are flexible and cost effective. Often, additional protocols and capabilities can be self-installed into existing hardware, without having to send the unit back to the factory.Investigator platforms use industry standard PC-based platforms, Windows-based operating systems and Java -based applications.Absolute Analysis invests time and effort in ensuringthe enclosure technology provides appropriate power and cooling for the Investigator Interface Cards. Each platform provides exactly the same high level of functionality as the others with the only difference being the number of Interface Cards, and consequently the number of communications ports, supported.Investigator?Platforms PortablesThree ScreenRack MountBenchtopInformation included in this overview is subject to change without notice. For detailed specifications please contact Absolute Analysis.Absolute Analysis Investigator? is a trademark of Absolute Analysis. ? Copyright 2011 Absolute Analysis Service and SupportAbsolute Analysis provides unsurpassed service to all Investigator ? users including remote diagnostics, extended warranties, and upgrade paths to current offerings from any Investigator ? system.TrainingAbsolute Analysis offers comprehensive training courses for products and protocols. Training can be provided at your location or remotely, and can be customized to your requirements.Investigator TM for CPRI TM Solutions SummaryA complete solution on a single piece of hardwareFunctions Protocol Analyzer and Traffic Generator for CPRI Specification Support Supports 1.4, 2.1, 3.0, 4.0, and 4.1 versions of the CPRI specification.Speed Support1.228,2.457,3.072,4.915 & 6.144 Gbps speeds supportedCapture Memory Capacity Maximum 4 GB per card, or 1 GB per port. Triggering FunctionsTrigger on real -time traffic, using any control symbol, packet or port. Advanced Boolean functions for setting trigger conditions, including external trigger in and out capabilities.FilteringFilter trace data on any symbol or packet. Save filterconditions for later analysis. Add note and bookmarks to help facilitate debugging.API SupportUse the API to control the analyzer and traffic generator with an external C program. Automate test cases, and reproduce specific traffic pattern to facilitate a repeatable test plan.Network Connections The Investigator? platform supports a variety of connectors and cables, including QSFP to SMA, flying leads, and midbus probes.Maximum Port Count Up to 16 full duplex or 32 half duplex ports on a single chassesj.Platforms and ConfigurationsAbsolute Analysis Investigator? Systems are available in several platforms ranging from portable to high port count rack mounts to ruggedized chassis.。

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前言
随着通信技术的发展,标准化的基带-射频接口越来越受到各厂家的关注,在近几年内相继出现了CPRI、OBSAI、TDRI接口标准。

C PRI作为通用开放接口标准,由于其实现上的经济简便性受到了多方厂家的支持,设备供应商相继推出了基于CRPI协议标准的拉远产品,另一方面基于CRPI协议的交换机和路由器也在逐渐的成熟和推广。

开放的通用接口为3G基站产品节约成本、提高通用性和灵活性提供了方便。

CPRI协议由爱立信、华为、NEC、北电和西门子五个厂家联合发起制定,用于无线通讯基站中基带到射频之间的通用接口协议,对其它组织和厂家开放。

CPRI大部分内容主要针对WCDMA标准,为其可实现良好服务。

经分析,CPRI协议同样适用于TD-SCDMA第三代移动通讯标准。

CPRI协议横向分为物理层和数据链路层;纵向分为用户平面、控制管理平面和同步平面,具有图1所示的结构。

硬件构架与实现
CPRI协议分析仪主要实现射频单元、基带单元的功能模拟。

一方面采集数据进行协议分析,另一方面则产生模拟数据进行协议发送。

基于图1的协议结构,分析仪由控制器、CPRI协议处理器、时
钟处理以及对外接口四个主要功能单元构成,支持614.4Mbps、1.22 88Gbps和2.4576Gbps三种数据速率,原理框图如图2示。

协议分析仪上高速信号较多,单组总线宽达64位,时钟速率66. 6MHz,差分线对速率2.5Gbps。

对于宽数据总线和快时钟速率,信号集成设计至关重要,一方面要保证每一个关键信号的信号完整性,同时在时序上需要满足接收芯片对于信号采样点的需求,以保证稳定无误的采样。

本设计中采用了Cadence提供的SigXplorer仿真设计工具,以IBIS作为仿真模型,对关键信号进行了预仿真和布线后仿真,同时对关键链路进行了严格的时序裕度计算。

文章限于篇幅,以部分关键链路和关键信号的设计为例来展开,其他内容在此不再赘述。

差分信号的端接和匹配
CPRI分析仪板卡上存在LVDS、CML和LVPECL等多种差分电平,不同电平之间的互连需要精心地设计他们之间的匹配和端接,以实现稳定可靠的工作。

LVPECL到LVDS之间采用DC耦合,图3和图4显示了61.44MHz时钟在这种设计下的参数和仿真结果。

时序计算分析
所有的同步时序单沿采样分析建立在如下两个时序闭环公式的
基础上:
公式:
公式中各参数的含义及其来源可参考下表:
Tswitch 和T flight 参数是唯一通过仿真来得到的参数,其准确性依赖于对IBIS模型的正确使用,Cadence仿真工具SigXplorer可以直接生成仿真结果参数报表,比较方便。

需要注意的是,驱动管脚的BufferDelay参数需要处理好,否则可能引起这一参数在时序裕度计算过程中重复参与,表1至表6是主控器与外设之间的时序裕度计算过程和结果。

仿真计算结果显示,SDRAM采样保持时间不足,在实际操作中,将MCP的时钟相位相对SDRAM时钟的相位滞后0.6ns解决问题。

实际信号测试
控制信号的实测眼图及其与采样时钟的相位关系见图5、图6。

根据实测数据推算,地址信号和数据信号在SDRAM处的采样时间裕度分别为2.8ns和1.2ns,与仿真计算结果一致。

结论
通过严格的信号仿真和时序裕度计算,实时的调整设计和对板卡的布局布线优化后,板卡性能表现良好,同时也减少了PCB的改版设计次数,节约了研发成本。

在GHz级的设计中,PCB的设计非常重要,传输线的特性阻抗控制,过孔的特性阻抗控制,端接匹配的设计对信号的影响不容忽略。

对于过孔,由于成本和性能上需要均衡,
多层板卡的无用焊盘引入的电容负载增大,在后续的EDA制图工具中,支持中间层多余焊盘删除的功能是必需的。

随着板卡集成度的提高,仿真计算等工作越来越显得必要,凭经验设计的年代逐渐久远,可预知的、可控制性设计需要渗透到每一个细节。

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