Verbal communication
verbal and non-verbal communication PPT课件
What are its functions?
Part 1 Verbal Communication
Your voice is your trademark.
We judge people to a great extent by their voice in terms of:
- Tone of the voice - Volume of the voice - Pitch of the voice - Rate of the voice - Vocal quality - Pronunciation
Part 1 Verbal Communication
1. Tone of the voice The tone of voice of one’s initial words can
Part 1 Verbal Communication
4. Rate of the voice - 80 to 160 words per minute for public speakers - 80 to 250 words per minute in more casual conversation - varying rate of speech - pause between major thought groups: “oral white space”
Part 2 Nonverbal Communication
Cultural Nuance Non-verbal communication varies so
significantly from culture to culture. Culture also determines what non-verbal
跨文化 Verbal Communication
5.2 The nation and types of verbal communication 1Definition of verbal communicationVerbal communication refers to how people communicateby verbal means,i.e.through the oral use of words or in a written way. 2The elements and featuresVerbal communication has three elements:the participants of communication,the purpose of the communication andthe setting.(1)participants:verbal communication can happenbetween a speaker and a listener or a speaker and a groupof listeners.(2)the purpose:any verbal communication is made tofulfill certain communicative purposes.(3)setting:setting includes temporal and spatial as well asany background information about the speakers such astheir psychology,their age,education level.3The elements and featuresVerbal communication has following features:1.It is dynamic.Oral communication,as an important type of verbal communication,is always dynamic.The speakerexpresses his thoughts through words,which aretransmitted to the listener's ears.The whole process isalways changing and cannot be repeated.2.It is interactive.Verbal communication happensbetween speakers and listeners.The two sides interact with each other to achieve communicative purposes.3.It is restrained by social context.Verbal communication takes place in certain context.Ifwe cannot adjust our communication to context,it willresult in communicative failure.4.It is irreversible.Once taking place,a verbal communication cannot be reversed.简写The elements and featuresVerbal communication has following features:1.It is dynamic.2.It is interactive.3.It is restrained by social context.4.It is irreversible.4The principlesPrinciple(1):cooperative principleWhile making verbal communication,the participants should follow certain principles to fulfill the communicative purposes.One of the important principlesis cooperative principle.Specifically,we should pay attention to the following points:(1)Accuracy of the information.The speaker should provide the accurate information and the listener tries to get the accurate information.(2)True information.The information transmitted should be true,otherwise the communicative attempt will be a failure.(3)Relevance of the information.The speaker and listener revolve around a relevant rather than rrelevant topics.Principle(2):politeness principlePoliteness principle has different realizations in different cultures.But its essence is to be polite to and show your respect for your partner so that the verbal communication can go on smoothly.简写The principlesPrinciple1 :cooperative principle(1)Accuracy of the information.(2)True information.(3)Relevance of the information.Principle2 :politeness principle5Culture difference in verbal communication(1)dragon(龙)Since the ancient times,龙has been regarded by the Chinese as the incarnation of their ancestor.They like to address themselves as the offspring of龙.In China,the traditional symbols of royalty are the dragon and phoenix. To Westerners,however,the dragon is often a symbol of evil.In Bible,the devil,is called“the great dragon. When the word is used to refer to a person,it is always inderogatory sense.E.g.she is a bit of dragon around the place.(2)phoenix(风凰)In Chinese mythology,the“phoenix‘is regarded as the king of birds.The phoenix is considered by Chinese as a creature of good omen.As the traditional symbol of royalty,the phoenix stands for the queen.The phoenix is also used in metaphors,standing for something rare and precious,for example,“凤毛麟角”The phoenix,in Western mythology,is associated with rebirth and resurrection.According to Greek legend,the phoenix lives a certain number of years-500by one account.At the end of the period,it makes a nest,sings a death song,and then sets fire to its nest by flapping his wings.The phoenix is burned to ashes,but from these ashes emerges a new bird.E.g.like the legendary phoenix,it will rise from the ashes in new splendor.(3)bat(蝙蝠)To Chinese,the bat is a symbol of good fortune,well-being,and happiness-all positive qualities.The reason for such associations is probably that the name of the creature is pronounced the same as the word“福”Thus the traditional design that shows the batand the deer together is very popular in China,because“蝠鹿，is pronounced the same as福禄，good fortune,happiness,wealthand position.In the Western countries,the bat is usually associated withnegative qualities.As blind as a bat,crazy as a bat,he is a bitbatty(他有点反常)are typically expressions of the negative associations.简写Culture difference in verbal communication(1)dragon(龙)(2)phoenix(风凰)(3)bat(蝙蝠)5Culture difference in verbal communicationDifferences in individual sounds1)Chinese sounds are not distinguished by length,but English sounds are2)Sounds may occur in one language but not the other.So people tend to replace the sounds with the ones in their own language,resulting in com municative failure.3)English sounds are pronounced differently in different contexts,but Ch inese sounds are not.So his words will sound foreign and unnatural to a native English speaker's ear when a Chinese ignores the sound variants.Verbal Communication Styles-1 Language is an important way of communication.We can communicate successfully if we master the language.Five communication stylesDirect and indirect stylesElaborate, exacting and succinct stylesPersonal and contextual stylesInstrumental and affective stylesself-enhancement and self-effacement stylesrecognize differences in communication stylesunderstand cultrual differencesavoid intercultural communication failure。
unit-4-verbal-communication
Cultural-Loaded words
Same word, different connotation 龙：龙颜、龙袍、龙椅、龙心大喜
dragon: monster
知识分子: in China, it refers to those people including college teachers, college students, middle school teachers, and such people as medical doctors, engineers, interpreters who have had a college education.
A new broom sweeps clean. Many hands make light work. Don’t put off until tomorrow what you can do today. Killing two birds with one stone.
Haste makes waste. Beauty is just skin deep. Give a person a dose of his own medicine. Spare the rod and spoil the child. Where there’s smoke there’s fire. The grass is always greener on the other side of the fence.
Strike while the iron is hot. Out of sight, out of mind. Birds of a feather flock together. Look before you leap. Where there is a will, there is a way. All good things must come to an end.
verbal communication
何诗瑾
Significance
• Verbal communication differentiates humans and makes them unique from all creatures.
• 语言交际的划分，使人与动物有独特的区别
•
"Verbal communication involves using speech to exchange information with others," according to Jeff Butterfield, author of "Verbal Communication."
It is common in job hunting How to protect our own rights and interests the key is how to appropriately use Indirect or Direct communication
Verbal communication styles Indirect communication
In U.S
In Asian China Japan Moderate uncertainty avoidance, high context Low uncertainty avoidance, low context High uncertainty avoidance, high context High power distance, collective, high context Low power distance, individualistic, low context Collective, high context Individualistic, low context
跨文化商务交际 Chapter 4 Verbal Communication
（ T ） 3. If your friend receives your compliment and says“Thank you!”, the best way to respond is to smile and just continue the conversation.
Chapter 4
Learning Objectives
1. understand what verbal communication is; 2. get to know the types of verbal communication; 3. master the application of verbal communication in different cultures.
you’ve learned from the video. Change the false statements into correct ones.
（ T ）1. “You are welcome.”is the most popular and the most appropriate way to respond to“thank you”in all sorts of situations.
（ T ） 2. When somebody thanks you for a gift, you can also say“Thank you!”if you are exchanging gifts.
Encounter Video Watching Task 1 Work in pairs, and discuss whether the following statements are true or false based on what
5. Verbal communication
At discourse level
• The deductive pattern: from the general to the specific, a perferred style in the West • The inductive pattern: from the specific to th general, a perferred style in the east • Both exist in the West and East
Words and meanings
• Denotation (指示意义/概念意义)：dictionary definitions, explicit meaning • e.g. politician—a person whose business is politics, esp. one who has been elected to a parliament or to a position in government. • Connotation (隐含意义/内涵意义)：associated meaning, “the implication of a word, apart from its primary meaning”. • e.g. politician—implies a person who is in public life merely for personal gain, one who schemes for selfintereEnglish
verbal communication
Examples of Invitation in itten form
1).sending a invitation card.(formal) 2).leaving an invitation note. 3).sending an e-mail.
Examples of Invitation in Speech form
No.3 compliment (恭维的话)
Examples ： 1）.A: Sophia is a nice girl and beautiful. B: Where is the soil compared with the star？ （B is expressing the view that A is even more beautiful than Sophia.） 2). The words such as“ nice , good , beautiful, pretty , great”.( traditional ) 3). The words such as ” cool, cute, awesome” . (in the 1960s) 4). Different countries have different meanings and responses while they are complimenting.
Written form
Unreal invitation
Real invitation
Verbal communication styles
NO.1 addressing(称呼)
Definition: is the product of a certain culture, and it is the cultural symbol of interpersonal relation. Classification : kinship addressing eg. “Mike”/”Kate”( for westerners) “大爷”“大姐”“老弟”“大婶”“大哥”（for Chinese） social addressing eg. “professor Lin”/”Dr Lee”
《跨文化交际与礼仪》教学课件—Verbal Communication
3.2 Forms of Address
3.1 Introduction--- Verbal Communication
Definition of VC
VC refers to the communication that is carried out either in oral or in written form with the use of words.
Learn how to address people Learn how to make a conversation Learn how to be a visitor/host Proper way to show gratitude and apology Learn the differences between Chinese and English compliments
3.2 Forms of Address
Summary of addressing people
Chinese
English
Formal Relationship/ Situation
Surname+Title
Title+Surname
Neutral Relationship/ Situation
VC takes place when
people are chatting with their friends, discussing an issue in a group, or making a public speech. VC takes placVeCwthaeknes place
when university students are composing an article, finishing a professor’s assignment on campus, the employees are writing a report t to their managers in a company by email.
跨文化交际主要名词解释
1.verbal communication1.言语交际V erbal intercultural communications happens when people from different cultural backgrounds communicate with each other by using language.当来自不同文化背景的人们用语言进行交流时言语交际就发生了。
2.非言语信号：（狭义）noverbal communication refers to intertional use of non-spoken symbol to communicate a specific message .运用非言语符号传达特定信息的交际行为。
（广义）refers to elements of the environment that communicate by virtue of people’s use of them.人们交际时运用的环境因素。
municative context;Communicative context is more likely to affect our communication with those who have different culture from ours or hold our language as their second language.情境context交际发生的环境并且有助于解释交际内容的含义。
The final component of communication is context. Generally, context can be defined as the environment in which the communication takes place and which helps define the communication. It’s the information that surrounds an event, it is in extricably bound up with the meaning of the event.4.Culture is a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs,values,and norms,which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people.文化是习得的一套关于信仰，价值观，规范的公认的解释，这些信仰，价值观，规范对相当大人类群体的行为产生影响。
跨文化交际unit6 verbal communication-课件
❖ Language: a system of arbitrarily chosen, conventionalized, vocal, graphic or gesture symbols serving the needs of communication among the members of a gives hovering over rugged old trees wreathed with rotten vine---the day is about done.
❖ 夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。 ❖ Yonder is a tiny bridge
over a sparkling stream,
❖ 2) overlapping of denotative meaning ❖ In addition to total equivalence of words and absence
equivalence in denoting of certain referents, cultures also overlap in the denotation of certain vocabulary. 3. Cultural differences in connotative meaning 1) words with same denotation but different connotation. a. color words b. animal words c. numbers
❖ ☻ Meanings of words are personal.
❖ ☻ Meanings of words are also culture specific.
2. Cultural differences in denotative meaning:
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Cultural differences in
verbal communication
Asians can even be suspicious of the genuineness of direct verbal expressions of love and respect. Excessive verbal praise sometimes are received with feelings of embarrassment. Your wife is very beautiful. “effusive” “insincere Sincere words are not sweet. Sweet words are not sincere. ---Lao Tsu
Cultural differences in discourse
• Chinese---inductive • English---deductive (topic-delayed), (topic-first), circular or spiral straight, linear rhetoric pattern of pattern of expository prose scientific-technical writing
Cultural differences in discourse
One thing I would like to ask. Because most of our raw materials are coming from Japan and the price this year is going up and up and we lose a lot in exchange rate and secondly I understand we’ve spent a lot of money on TV ads last year. So, in that case I would like to suggest here: chop half of the budget in TV ads and spend a little money on Mad magazine.
• • • •
Cultural differences in language
verbal communication
direct indirect • We all look forward to getting better grades. • The Chinese believe to begin with one’s request or main point makes the speaker seem immodest, pushy, and inconsiderate to others.
Cultural differences in discourse
• out of focus • a rhetoric and a sequence of thought of his/her own culture • The main point is buried in a mass of information. • The opening lines of the Chinese discourse do not provide a thesis or preview statement • lack of a clear and concise statement of what is to be discussed • an absence of clarity and forcefulness
Cultural differences in
verbal communication
In the US, speech --- an object of inquiry • to express one’s ideas and thoughts as clearly, logically, and persuasively as possible • Expressing one’s opinion as openly and forcefully as possible is an admirlanguage verbal communication
The Asian attitudes toward speech and rhetoric ---holistic The words are only part of, and are inseparable from, the total communication context, which includes the interpersonal relationship between/among interactants. --- Those who know do not talk. Those who talk do not know. --- He who knows does not speak. He who speaks does not know. ---Lao Tsu --- Silence is gold. --- Loose lips sink ships.
Cultural differences
verbal communication
• • • • in Japan 15 ways of saying “no” ? “I disagree with you.” ? “You are wrong.” “hai” (yes) ---“ I understand what you are saying.”
Some mainstream American values
11. Directness, openness, and honesty: Honesty is the best policy. People should express themselves openly. It is not considered good to “beat around the bush.” Contrasting value--- Indirectness and “saving face”: People should consider one another’s feelings when deciding what to say. Honesty is not always the best policy.
Cultural differences in
verbal communication
• One way to determine whether a culture favors a direct or indirect style in communication is to find out how they say “no”. in China • “Please don’t bother.” • “I’ll think it over.” • “We’ll discuss it again.”
Cultural differences in discourse
• Y Because (background, reasons) • so • X (comment, main point, or action suggested)
• X (comment, main point, or action suggested) • because of • Y (background, reasons)
Conversational Involvement
• High involvement • High considerateness
•
---Deborah Tannen: You Just Don’t Understand
High involvement
• • • • • • • Talk more Interrupt more Expect to be interrupted Talk more loudly at times Talk more quickly Enjoy arguments and heated discussion Russian, Italian, Greek, Spanish, South American, Arab, African
Cultural differences in
verbal communication
English sayings--- the importance of dealing directly with issues rather than avoiding them “Get to the point.” “Don’t beat around the bush.’ “Say what you mean.” “Let’s get down to business.”
Cultural differences in discourse
I suggest that we delay making our decision until after Legco makes its decision. That’s because I think a certain amount of caution in committing to TV advertisement is necessary because of the expense. In addition to that most of our production is done in China now, and it’s not really certain how the government will react in the run-up to 1997.
Verbal communication