2021年高考真题——文综政治(北京卷)解析版 纯
2022高考真题汇编政治专题03收入与分配(解析版)
专题03 收入与分配1．（2022·全国乙卷·高考真题）2022年，我国财政赤字率(财政赤字/GDP)拟按2.8%左右安排，比2021年有所下调，但财政支出规模将比2021年扩大2万亿元以上。
财政支出安排中，中央本级支出增长3.9%，中央对地方转移支付增长18%，更多资金纳入直达范围，以更好落实惠企利民政策。
这表明我国（）①坚持积极财政政策，支撑经济平稳运行①财政资金使用效率提高，财政收支缺口缩小①财政支出重结构调整，政策支持下沉基层①开始实行紧缩性财政政策，防范债务风险上升A．①①B．①①C．①①D．①①【答案】A【解析】①：我国扩大财政支出，将更多的资金纳入直达范围，以便更好落实惠企利民政策。
这表明我国实施积极的财政政策，以促进经济的平稳运行，故①正确。
①：材料强调的是我国财政支出的情况，不涉及财政资金的使用及财政收入的情况，故①不符合题意。
①：“财政支出安排中，中央对地方转移支付增长，更多资金纳入直达范围”说明财政支出重结构调整，政策支持下沉基层，故①正确。
①：材料强调的是扩大财政支出规模，实施积极的财政政策，而不是实行紧缩性财政政策，故①错误。
故本题选A。
2．（2022·全国甲卷·高考真题）据研究预测，2022年欧洲某国国经济增长将大幅放缓，经济增速将从上年的7.5%降至3.9%；2022年二季度该国通货膨胀率将升至8%，比前月的预测高出1个百分点。
5月5日，该国中央银行将利率从0.75%提高到1%，这是该国自去年12月以来连续第四次加息。
该国加息政策的目标及作用过程是（）A．提高利率——流通中的货币量增加——促进消费——刺激经济增长B．提高利率——流通中的货币量减少——物价下降——抑制通货膨胀C．提高利率——储蓄增加——投资规模扩大——商品供给增加——抑制通货膨胀D．提高利率——境外资金流入——本币贬值——促进商品出口——刺激经济增长【答案】B【解析】A：提高利率将会减少流通中的货币量，A排除。
专题二 文化传承与创新(PPT)-2021年高考政治易错真题剖析
——2021易错高考政治真题剖析
人教版必修三《文化生活》
一、易错真题
• （2021·浙江高考真题）在我国各种文化的相互交织、相互激荡之 中，社会主义文化始终占据主导地位。这主要是因为社会主义文 化（ ）
• ①来源于社会实践 • ②是科学的先进的文化 • ③采取了群众喜闻乐见的方式 • ④有社会主义政治和经济力量支持
• ②：文化多样性是人类社会的基本特征，也是人类文明进步的重 要动力，而不是根本动力。②说法有误。
• ③：由题意知，我国农业农村部与联合国粮农组织等国内外相关 机构开展“全球相约 ‘共饮一杯茶’”线上活动，让人们感受到 各国不同韵味的茶文化，这体现了大众传媒能够最大限度地超越 时空的界限，汇集来自世界各地的信息，显示出文化传递、沟通、 共享的强大功能，成为文化传播的主要手段，故③符合题意。
• ②④：经济政治决定文化。社会主义文化始终占据主导 地位，这主要是因为社会主义文化是科学的先进的文化， 有社会主义政治和经济力量支持，故②④入选。
• ①：选项①与题干构不成因果关系，不选。 • ③：采取了群众喜闻乐见的方式的是大众文化，故③不
选。 • 故本题选D。
三、易错知识点
• 1.曲解文化多样性与社会实践的关系 • 剖析:文化多样性是在社会实践基础上发生的,也会反作用于社会实践。
• A．①③ B．①④ C．②③ D．②④
二、解析过程
• 第一步：审问题，明确指向。该题的问题是“这主 要是因为社会主义文化”，注意把握关键词社会主 义文化。
• 第二步：划出材料中的关键语句，社会主义文化始 终占主导地位。联系问题，可以看出社会主义文化 始终占主导地位的原因。
• 第三步：根据问题，逐一分析选项，作出选择。
专题11 中华文化与民族精神-2021年高考政治真题与模拟题分类训练(教师版含解析)
专题11 中华文化与民族精神1．(2021·浙江高考真题)世界上年代最早、树株最老的青铜神树，世界上年代最早、最大、最完整的青铜立人像，世界上仅无绝有的青铜纵目面具……三星堆出土的这些古蜀国杰出“作品”，造型奇特、气势恢宏、内涵丰富。
这表明，中华文化( )A．历久弥新，永不泯灭B．各具特色，相互交融C．独树一帜，独领风骚D．历史悠久，一脉相承【答案】C【详解】AD：选项强调的是中华文化的源远流长，材料未体现，故AD不选。
B：材料强调的是文化的多样性而不是相互交融，故B不选。
C：材料中指出中华文化造型独特、内涵丰富，体现了中华文化的独特性，故C正确。
故本题选C。
(2021·全国高考真题甲卷)“素质是立身之本，技能是立业之本”技术工人队伍是支撑中国制造、中国创造的重要力量。
据此完成下列小题。
2．2020年12月，中华人民共和国第一届职业技能大赛在广州举办，这是新中国成立以来规格最高、项目最全、选手最多、影响最广的综合性、全国性技能竞赛盛会2557名选手在86个比赛项目中切磋技艺、展示风采，97名技能“高手”脱颖而出，荣获金牌。
举办职业技能大赛的文化意义在于( )①彰显社会价值观念的多样性②促进不同地域文化交流融合③增强技能人才职业荣誉感、自豪感④弘扬劳模精神、劳动精神、工匠精神A．①②B．①③C．②④D．③④3．“90后”钳工小曾在全国职业院校技能大赛中荣获二等奖。
走出校门后，他扎车间，刻苦钻研，以精湛的技术为企业发展作出了重大贡献，荣获“全国五一劳动奖章”和“全国技术能手”称号。
“做闪光的金子、品奋斗的甘甜”，小曹的奋斗青春给我们的启示是( )①获得的荣誉越多，人生的价值就越大②劳动是幸福的源泉，努力奋斗才能梦想成真③有意义的人生总是与推动社会发展进步相关联④只要发挥主观能动性，就能收获成功的幸福A．①②B．①④C．②③D．③④【答案】2．D3．C【分析】2．①：举办职业技能大赛有鲜明的主题，试题材料不涉及社会价值观念多样性的问题，①排除。
2021年全国高考文综地理真题试卷(全国乙卷)(Word版+答案+解析)
2021年高考文综地理真题试卷（全国乙卷）一、选择题:本题共11小题，每小题4分，共44分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
（共4题；共44分）1.2014年我国某科技公司在新疆建立了研发基地，研制适用于大规模棉花生产的无人机。
为推广产品，该公司先组建专业服务团队为农民提供无人机服务，后以极低的价格出租无人机，最后才销售无人机，同时对农民进行技术培训。
无人机的使用，大幅度减少了人工成本，改变了新疆传统农业生产方式。
据此完成下列问题。
（1）新疆吸引该科技公司入驻的主要因素是（）A.交通B.政策C.技术D.市场（2）该科技公司提供无人机服务、租赁，同时对棉农进行培训，直接目的是（）A.增强竞争力B.培育市场C.提升服务水平D.提高效益（3）无人机的使用主要可以帮助棉农提高棉花的（）A.产量B.质量C.利润D.价格2.陆港是指在海港以外地区建设的、代表海港行使报关，报检等功能的物流中心。
按其离海港距离可分为近海陆港（小于100千米）、远海陆港（一般500千米以上）等。
据此完成下列问题。
（1）建设陆港使海港（）①扩大承载规模②缓解用地紧张③增加用地成本④提高设备水平A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④（2）与近海陆港相比，远海陆港更能使海港（）A.缓解交通拥堵B.提高通关效率C.拓展腹地范围D.减少环境污染（3）以下产业中，更宜依托远海陆港发展的是（）A.服务外包产业B.高科技产业C.资源加工产业D.前瞻性产业3.相对湿度是空气中实际水汽压与同温度条件下饱和水汽压的比值，用百分数表示。
图1示意我国某大城市1975~2015年城区和郊区各月平均相对湿度。
据此完成下列问题。
（1）造成城区与郊区相对湿度差异的主要原因是城区较郊区（）A.气温高B.蒸发(腾)强C.降水量大D.绿地面积大（2）该城市可能是（）A.乌鲁木齐B.北京C.上海D.广州4.苔原带植被多由低矮灌⽊及苔藓地⽊组成，⽊多数灌⽊为极地特有种。
2022年高考真题——政治(海南卷)精校版 Word版含答案
本卷共22小题，每小题2分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.党的十八届三中全会通过的《中共中心关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的打算》提出赐予农夫更多的财产权利。
下列举措中能够通过扩大财产权利而使农夫增收的是：A.推动农夫住房财产的抵押、担保和转让B.稳定农村土地承包关系，进展多种形式规模经营C.改革农业补贴制度，完善粮食生产区的利益补偿机制D.对农村集体土地全部权进行确权登记2.中国人民银行打算，自2021年7月20日起，全面放开金融机构代款利率管制，由金融机构依据商业原则自主确定代款利率水平。
放开代款利率管制将导致：A.金融机构的利润水平逐步提高B.资金大规模流向实体经济C.利率差异化金融产品不断毁灭D.社会融资成本大幅度降低3.经济学常用“倒U形”曲线（如图所示）来描述经济增长与环境污染程度的关系。
据此作出的下列推断正确的是：①A→B表示工业化后期阶段②B→C表示工业化后期阶段③秀丽中国应当在B点毁灭④秀丽中国应当在C点毁灭A.①④B.②③C.①③D.②④4.近年来，我国高端餐饮渐渐收缩，大众餐饮蓬勃进展。
某餐饮企业在相继关停了11家高端餐饮门店的基础上，大力进展大众餐饮和快餐业务。
该企业的行为反映了：①企业经营战略的转变②企业盈利水平的提升③企业经营环境的变化④企业融资力气的下降A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④5.2021年，我国服务贸易总额达5396.4亿美元，位居世界前列，比上年增长14.7%，占我国对外贸易总额的11.5%。
其中，高附加值的询问和金融服务进出口的增幅分别为19.9%、66.2%。
上述事实说明：①服务贸易全面提高了我国开放型经济水平②服务贸易成为我国对外贸易新的增长点③服务贸易成为我国实施“走出去”战略的重要组成部分④服务贸易取代了商品贸易在我国对外贸易中的首要地位A.①③B.①④C.②③D.②④信用卡是商业银行向客户发行的一种信用凭证。
近年来，银行利用新技术，不断进展信用卡服务。
2021年高考真题：北京市2021年普通高中学业水平等级性考试英语试卷北京卷 (含解析)
2021年普通高中学业水平等级性考试英语试卷北京卷学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________养成良好的答题习惯，是决定成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
一、完形填空Recently, I took a trip home by train. I got a seat opposite a middle-aged man with sharp eyes, who kept 1 a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap. The woman's eye fell on the man's face, and she immediately looked down and 2 her scarf.As the night wore on, people began to close their eyes, but the seats were so uncomfortable that only a very heavy sleeper could manage to get any 3 . The woman looked over at the man. He was still staring at her. She looked back at him with fire in her eyes. I was beginning to get 4 , too.The train moved on. The little boy was 5 awake on his mother's lap, but the woman dropped off to sleep. A moment later, he began to 6 the half-open window—one leg went over it. The man jumped up and 7 the child just before he fell out.The 8 woke up the woman. She seemed to be in 9 ,and then reality dawned (显现). "Your child has been looking for an opportunity to climb out of the window," the man said as he gave the child back to her. "So I have been watching the whole time." The woman was 10 , and so was I.1．A.guiding B.bothering C.watching D.monitoring2．A.adjusted B.changed C.packed D.waved3．A.air B.joy C.space D.rest4．A.nervous B.embarrassed C.angry D.disappointed5．A.almost B.still C.hardly D.even6．A.drag B.climb C.knock D.push7．A.grabbed B.rocked C.touched D.picked8．A.alarm B.quarrel C.risk D.noise9．A.sorrow B.relief C.panic D.pain10．A.astonished B.confused C.concerned D.inspired二、语法填空11．Why do we dream?Scientists aren't completely sure,and they have diverse①_____(idea).Dreams might be a side effect of memory making.When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything ②_____ happened during the day,trying to link new experiences to old memories.As it ③_____(connect) things,your brain tums them into a story,and you get a dream. 12．Sam is an in-real-life streamer(播主),and he live streams himself just going about his day.While riding his bike home ①_____ a cold night,he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself.The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about②_____ she lived.Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could ③_____(safe) wait for the police to take her home.13．There ①_____(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,②_____(cause) largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations. From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, ③_____(result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss.Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need④_____(invest) in disaster prevention.三、阅读理解14．If you are planning to start a career in the field of education,science,or culture,then an internship(实习) at UNESCO will be ideal for you.Who can apply?You have completed your full-time university studies;or.You are studying in a graduate program for a master's degree.Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies in a technical institution.What are the requirements?You must be at least 20 years old.You should have a good command (掌握) of either English or French.You must have an excellent knowledge of office-related software.You should be able to work well in a team and adapt to an international working environment.You should possess strong interpersonal and communication skills.What do you need to prepare?Visa:You should obtain the necessary visas.Travel:You must arrange and finance your travel to and from the location where you will do your internship.Medical insurance:You must show proof of a comprehensive health insurance valid(有效的)in the target country for the entire period of the internship.UNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD30,000 for the internship period.Medical certificate:You must provide a medical certificate indicating you are fit to work.Motivation letter:You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application form.Your application will be accessed by UNESCO managers and will stay in our database for six months.We do not respond to every candidate.If selected,you will be contacted by a manager.If you do not receive any update within six months,it means that your application has not been successful.1.According to this passage,applicants are required to ________.A.hold a master's degree in scienceB.have international work experienceC.be fluent in either English or FrenchD.present a letter from a technical institution2.What will UNESCO provide for the internship period?A.Limited medical insurance coverage.B.Training in communication skills.C.A medical certificate for work.D.Financial support for travel.3.What should applicants do before filling out the application form?A.Contact UNESCO managers.B.Get access to the database.C.Keep a motivation letter at hand.D.Work in a team for six months.I remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester(学期) project of volunteering at a non-profit organization.When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our help,my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children (OIC).My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind.Then,an OIC representative gave us some details,which somewhat interested me.After doing some research, I believed that we could really do something for those kids.When I went online to theOIC website,I saw pictures of the Iraqi children.Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair(绝望) and need that I joined this project without hesitation.We decided to collect as many school supplies as p ossible, and make them into kits—one kit,one child.The most rewarding day for our group was project day,when all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally came together.When I saw the various supplies we had collected,it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child.Over the past four months, I had never imagined how I would feel once our project was completed.While making the kits,I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind it.I had only focused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade on.When the kits were completed,and ready to be sent overseas,the warm feeling I had was one I would never forget.In the beginning,I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person.Now that our project is over,I realize that I have affected not only one life,but ten.With our efforts,ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education.15．How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning?A.It would affect his/her initial plans.B.It would involve traveling overseas.C.It would not bring him/her a good grade.D.It would not live up to his/her expectations. 16．What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the project?A.Images of Iraqi children.B.Research by his/her classmates.C.A teacher's introduction.D.A representative's comments.17．The author's OIC project group would help ten Iraqi children to _______.A.become OIC volunteersB.further their educationC.study in foreign countriesD.influence other children18．What can we conclude from this passage?A.One's potential cannot always be underrated.B.First impression cannot always be trusted.C.Actions speak louder than words.D.He who hesitates is lost.Hundreds of scientists, writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published last December: Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse. Researchers in many areas have projected the widespread collapse as “a crediblescenario(情景) this century”.A survey of scientists found that extreme weather events, food insecurity, and freshwater shortages might create global collapse. Of course, if you are a non-human species, collapse is well underway.still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations. Not very long ago, it was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking in flexibility.The international scholars’ warning letter doesn't say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might happen. Collapseology, the study of collapse, is more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers of everyday civilization. Among the signatories(签署者) of the warning was Bob Johnson, the originator of the “ecological footprint” concept, which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle. With the current footprint of humanity, “it see ms that global collapse is certain to happen in some form, possibly within a decade, certainly within this century,” Johnson said in an email."Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits,” the December warning letter says, “can we have the hope to reduce their speed, severity and harm”. And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine. As a poet wrote,Man is a victim of dope(麻醉品)In the incurable form of hope.The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent(执着) on quieting hope that ignores preparedness. “Let's look directly into the issue of collapse,” they say, “and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubli ng future.”19．What does the underlined word “germane” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.Scientific.B.Credible.C.Original.D.Relevant.20．As for the public awareness of global collapse, the author is ________.A.worriedB.puzzledC.surprisedD.scared21．What can we learn from this passage?A.The signatories may change the biophysical limits.B.The author agrees with the message of the poem.C.The issue of collapse is being prioritized.D.The global collapse is well underway.Early fifth-century philosopher St. Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him. Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it. Today's state-of-the-art atomic(原子的) clocks have proven Einstein right. Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you're asking.Forget about time as an absolute. What if, instead of considering time in terms of astronomy, we related time to ecology? What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo(节奏) of human life? We're increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering alone, and realizing that we need to moderate(调节)our actions if we hope to live in balance. What if our definition of time reflected that?Recently, I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to circumstances on our planet, conditions that might change as a result of global warming. We're now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers, which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes. We've programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate. If the rivers run faster in the future on average, the clock will get ahead of standard time. If they run slower, you'll see the opposite effect.The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics. It's a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame(时间框架),and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones. Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet. Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies.Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars, early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena. In pre-Classical Greece, for instance, people “corrected” official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season. Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival. Likewise, river time and other timekeeping systems we're developing may encourage environmental awareness.When St. Augustine admitted his inability to define time, he highlighted one of time 's most noticeable qualities: Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context. Any timekeeping system is valid, and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose.22．What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?A.Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature.B.Everyone can define time on their own terms.C.The qualities of time vary with how you measure it.D.Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists.23．The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to ________.A.present an assumptionB.evaluate an argumentC.highlight an experimentD.introduce an approach24．What can we learn from this passage?A.Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life.B.New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems.C.Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower.D.Modern technology may help to shape the rivers' temporal frame.25．What can we infer from this passage?A.It is crucial to improve the definition of time.B.A fixed frame will make time meaningless.C.We should live in harmony with nature.D.History is a mirror reflecting reality.26．Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people. ①_____ The mental health benefits from music can't be argued. Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes.②_____ However, for the same reason, music can be very beneficial if one is in pain. By distracting(分心) the mind from the pain, music, people say, can lower stress and anxiety levels. This, of course, can lead to less pain.Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed. ③_____ While the validity of the idea is still being assessed, the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure.Similarly, according to researchers, listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels, through the lowering of stress and anxiety.When it comes to heart health, there is speculation(推测) that it's not the style of music, but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health. In one European study, participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure. ④_____ On the other hand, when the music slowed, the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit.⑤_____But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for, which is what makes music so valuable.A. This feeling can also result in many other health problems.B. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud.C. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing.D. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep.E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive.F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety.G. Interestingly, the more cheerful the music was, the faster their heart rates were.Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved, the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased. Thus, it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends, family members, or classmates rather than holding them back.There is a difference between arguing and fighting. Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns. You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up(激起) anger. Fighting, however, usually involves personal attacks, raising of voices, and storming out. Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health. In a study, 2.000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row. When people had an argument that they considered resolved, they had half the reactivity (情绪反应) of those who avoided an argument. Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions. In other words, resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half. One day later, people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument. This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution—and youare less likely to be annoyed.Moreover, the older you are, the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument. This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities. You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not.It is easier to avoid a discussion, but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome.27．According to this passage, what is arguing?_______________________________________________________________28．Why is it that "the older you are, the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument"?_______________________________________________________________29．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health, because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry._______________________________________________________________30．In addition to improving emotional health, what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an argument? (In about 40 words)_______________________________________________________________四、书面表达31．假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。
2021年高考文综真题试卷(历史部分)(新课标Ⅰ卷)带答案解析
2021年高考文综真题试卷（历史部分）（新课标Ⅰ卷）一、单选题1.孔子是儒家学派的创始人，汉代崇尚儒学，尊《尚书》等五部书为经典，记录孔子言论的《论语》却不在“五经”之中，对此合理的解释时（）A. “五经”为阐发孔子儒学思想而作B. 汉代儒学背离了孔子的儒学思想C. 儒学思想植根于久远的历史传统D. 儒学传统由于秦始皇焚书而断绝【答案】C【考点】春秋战国时期的百家争鸣，汉代儒学成为正统思想【解析】【分析】本题考查了汉代儒学的相关内容。
《尚书》等五经是孔子编订的典籍，而《论语》则是孔子的弟子和再传弟子所记录的孔子的言论，属于后人编订。
汉代将《尚书》等五部书尊为经典主要是因为儒学在汉代成为正统思想，而儒学思想根植久远，五经是早期儒家思想的集中体现，《论语》是记载孔子言行的著作，因此《论语》不在五经之中，故选C。
2.图4位汉代画像砖中的农事图。
此图可以用来说明当时（）A. 个体农户的生产劳作状态B. 精耕细作农业的不断发展C. 土地公有制下的集体劳作D. 大地主田庄上的生产情形【答案】 D【考点】汉武帝巩固大一统的措施，西汉的灭亡与东汉的兴衰【解析】【分析】本题考查了中国古代的农业，由题干中的“汉代画像砖”和画像砖中集体劳作的场景可知应选D。
本题暗示我们需要根据热点进行专题系统复习，包括之前老人教版的相干知识点，注意适度采用老教材的知识点。
3.史载，宋太祖某日闷闷不乐，有人问他原因，他说：“尔谓帝王可容易行事耶？……偶有误失，史官必书之，我所以不乐也。
”此事反映了（）A. 重史传统影响君主个人行为B. 宋代史官所撰史书全都真实可信C. 史官与君主间存在尖锐矛盾D. 宋太祖不愿史书记录其真实言行【答案】A【考点】汉到元政治制度的演变【解析】【分析】本题考查了君主专制的相关内容。
由“偶有误失，史官必书之，我所以不乐也”可知史官的记录在一定程度上影响了君主的言行，所以选A。
4.明初废行省，地方分设三司，分别掌管一地民政与财政、司法、军事，直属六部。
2022年全国甲卷文综政治高考真题文档版(含答案)
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国甲卷）政治12.2021 年4月，中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发《关于建立健全生态产品价值实现机制的意见》强调，要以保障自然生态系统休养生息为基础，增值自然资本，厚植生态产品价值;充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，推动生态产品价值有效转化。
这表明（）①生态产品有使用价值，其利用要合理有效②生态产品有商品属性，其价值必然会实现③生态产品有价值，价值实现要通过市场途径④生态产品有稀缺性，休养生息是其价值源泉A.①③B.①④C.②③D.②④13. 图2反映2015-2021年我国农村居民人均可支配收入变化情况、城乡居民人均可支配收入比值变化情况。
据此可以推断出（）①城乡居民的支出结构日益趋同②农村居民的消费潜力不断增大③城乡居民的恩格尔系数逐年上升④农村居民人均可支配收入增速快于城镇居民A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④14.为统筹利用东部地区日益增长的数据算力需求和西部地区丰富的空间资源、自然资源和电力资源优势，我国于2022年2月正式全面启动“东数西算"工程，通过构建一体化新型算力网络体系，把东部地区大量生产生活数据输送到西部地区进行存储、计算、反馈，推动算力资源有序向西转移，促进解决东西部算力供需失衡问题，推动数字经济均衡发展。
“东数西算”工程正在吸引企业和资本的积极参与，其经济动因是（）①西部算力具有资源比较优势，成本相对较低②西部算力供应链完整，数字字经济的优势显著③西部对算力需求大，资本投入有良好收益预期④算力市场的供需缺口大，具有广阔的发展空间A.①③B.①④C.②③D.②④15.据研究预测，2022年欧洲某国国经济增长将大幅放缓，经济增速将从上年的7.5%降至3.9%；2022年二季度该国通货膨胀率将升至 8%，比前月的预测高出1个百分点。
5月5日，该国中央银行将利率从0.75%提高到1%，这是该国自去年12月以来连续第四次加息。
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2021年高考真题——文综政治（北京卷）解析版纯24. “笔墨当随时代”，绘画艺术要有时代精神，就要有创新。
然而不继承优秀的传统遗产，创新很难有稳固的根基。
这表明绘画艺术的发展要A．正本清源，独树一帜 B ．海纳百川，有容乃大C ．薪火相传，推陈出新 D．各美其美，和而不同24.【答案】 C【解析】本题难度低，考查学生从材料提取关键信息的能力，注意题目的关键信息：不继承优秀传统遗产，创新有很稳固的根基，从这里可知道是强调继承优秀传统遗产的重要性，显然C选项薪火相传推陈出新复活题意。
【考点定位】文化创新的途径25．为了保护和发展国家级非物质文化遗产“京西太平鼓”，北京有些中小学将这一古老的民间艺术纳入学校教育。
这表明A．教育的基本功能发生了改变 B ．教育具有选择、传递文化的功能C.教育是文化创新的根木动力 D．教育是文化交流融合的主要途径25.【答案】 B【解析】本题难度低，考查学生从材料提取关键信息的能力，注意题目的关键信息：为了保护国家非物质文化遗产，而把它们纳入教育，同样强调的是教育的作用，教育具有选择、传递文化的功能，B选项符合题意，教育功能没有发生改变，A选项表述错误；社会实践才是文化创新的根本动力，C选项错误；D选项与题意无关【考点定位】教育26 . 图10 漫画蕴含的哲理是A．人们的主观愿望无法变成客观现实B．主观认识是对客观现实的正确反映C．要改变客观现实必须发挥集体力量D．认识符合实际才能有效地地指导实践26.【答案】D【解析】本题难度适中，考查学生分析漫画宫意的能力，注意漫画的文字：几十人再多也拉不动影子，本题适合利用排除法，主观认识是对客观现实的正确反映，这是表述不确切，主观认识不一定能正确反映，有时候会是错误的反映，选项B不正确；漫画发挥了集体力量，但是并没有拉动影子，所以不够说服力说明C选项，A选项与题意无关，认识有符合实际的正确的认识，但也有错误的认识，错误的认识是不能指导实践的，只有正确的认识符合才能指导实践，漫画要拉切影子显然是不符合实际的。
【考点定位】认识与实践的关系27．当前，有些家长“超前”、“超负荷”地让孩子上各种培训班，使孩子学习压力过大，甚至产生厌学情绪，结果，事与愿违。
在孩子培养问题上，这些家长A．认为事物发展不存在矛盾B．忽视了规律在事物发展中的作用C．没看到事物发展过程存在质变D．不重视外部条件对事物发展的影响27.【答案】D【解析】本题难度适中，考查学生从材料提取关键信息的能力，材料的意思是家长使孩子超负荷，导致没学到东西，说明家长没有遵循孩子成才的客观规律，选项 B 符合题意；事物不存在矛盾，是错误的表述，排除A；事物的发展都是从量变到质变的过程，C选项错误；D选项与题意无关。
【考点定位】规律的知识28．一位小提琴家在音乐会上演奏，突然 G 弦断了，但是他并没有停下来，随即创作了一首从头到尾可以不用 G 弦的曲子, 演奏非常成功，这说明①成功总是以挫折和困难为从基础②遇到困难要勇于面对，发挥主观能动性③客观条件无法影响到人的成功④知识和能力储备是取得成功的重要条件A．①③ B.①④ C．②③ D．②④28.【答案】D【解析】本题难度适中，从材料提取关键信息的能力，材料的主体意思是琴家在演奏过程中遇到困难，但最后还是成功了，遇到困难到最后成功说明了他遇到困难，能发挥主观能动性，想办法解决困难，②正确；他的G弦断了，但是他可以不用G 弦最后能够成功演出，说明了他有一定的知识储备，扎实的功底，④符合题意；成功的过程中不可能避免挫折与困难，但是不是成功的基础，①错误；人的成功需要主观条件与客观客观条件，缺一不可，③错误。
所以选项D 正确。
【考点定位】发展的前进性与曲折性的关系29 ．图 11 反映了当前市场上存在农民卖菜难与市民卖菜贵的难题。
能够缓解该难题的措施是①发布蔬菜供求信息，促进产销对接②提高蔬菜种植补贴，扩大种植规模③合理规划蔬菜流通，降低运输成本④改善菜市场卫生环境，提高服务质量A．①② B.①③ C．②④ D．③④29.【答案】【解析】本题难度适中，考查学生从村料提取关健信息的能力，材料的关键信息有：卖菜难与买菜难，发布蔬菜供需信息有利于促进产销对接，可以解决卖与买的困难，①符合题意；提高蔬菜种植面积，扩大种植规模解决的是缺蔬菜的问题，现在并不是没有蔬菜卖，②不符合题意，合理规划、降低运输成本，可以解决买不到的问题，③符合题意；④与题意无关，题目没有讲到因为服务质量等问题而导致买不到蔬菜，B选项符合题意。
【考点定位】经济措施30. 下表是 2011 年北京市部分经济指标的年度增长率。
财政收入支出社会保障和就业支出城镇单位在岗职工平均工资个人所得税14.4％12.5％28 . 6 ％15.5％26.7％根据表中数据可以推出 2011 年北京市A ．财政收入高于财政支出，出现财政盈余B ．个人所得税收入占财政收入的比重上升C ．社会保障和就业支出增速过快抑制了财政收入增长D ．城镇单位在岗职工平均工资增长抑制了个人所得税增长30 .【答案】本题难度适中，考查学生从分析表格信息的能力。
；建议本题采用排除法：财政收入高于支出，但这只是年度增长率，因此不能说明财政盈余，A选项不选，表格信息只有2011年的数据，并没有其它年份的比较，因此不能说是增速过快，排练C；在岗工人平均工资增长不会抑制个人所得税增长，所以B 选项符合题意。
【考点定位】财政31 .继续保持我国经济又好又快发展，要求加快转变经济发展方式，推动产业结构升级。
下列做法符合这一要求的是①促进金融、通讯等服务业发展②加大研发投入，推进科技创新③增加出口补贴．扩大出口规模④提高存款利率，减少居民消费A．①② B.①④ C．②③ D．③④31.【答案】A【解析】本题难度适中，考查学生从村料提取关健信息的能力，注意题目的关健信息：转变经济发展方式、产业结构，②有利于加快转变经济发展方式；①有利于产业结构升级，③④与题意无关。
【考点定位】促进国民经济又好又快发展32．面对H7N9禽流感，政府有关部门在首例病例确诊后，立即通过电视、网络等媒体发布详细疫疫情信息，并及时跟进通报疫情变化情况及防治方案，使政府和社会形成合力，共同防治禽流感。
这些做法能够①提高行政效率，体现政府权威②加强社会监督，促进廉政建设③增强信息透明，保障公民权利④消除社会矛盾，维护国家稳定A．①③ B.①④ C．②③ D．②④32.【答案】 A【解析】本题难度适中，考查学生从村料提取关健信息的能力，注意题目的主体意思是政府积极发布H7N9的病例以及防止方案，说明的是政府的办事效率与信息公开，①③符合题意；并没有涉及社会监督与社会矛盾问题，②④无关，选A。
33政府依法行政是贯彻依法治国方略、提高行政管理水平的基本要求。
下列选项符合依祛行政要求的是①人民法院依照相关法律法规审理企业破产清算案件②发改委对企业合谋操纵产品价格的垄断行为做出处罚③人大常委会制定企业安全生产流程与劳动保护规章制度④环保部督促地方政府取缔被国家列入淘汰范围的高污染生产能力A．①② B.①③ C．②④ D．③④33.【答案】 C【解析】本题难度适中，考查学生从村料提取关健信息的能力，题目的关键词是依法行政，而依法行政的主体是政府，①的主体是法院，③是人大，排除①③，而②④主体是政府，答案选C。
【考点定位】依法行政34 ．费孝通在 20 世纪 80 年代提出了“中华民族多元一体格局”的理论，“多元”是指中华各民族各有其起源、形成、发展的历史，文化、社会也各具特点；“一体”是指中华各民族的发展相互关联、相互补充、相互依存，与整体有不可分割的内在联系和共同的民族利益。
这一理论强调了A ．中华各民族在历史上的发展是不平衡的B ．民族凝聚力是国家综合国力的重要标志C ．中华民族是具有历史性的多民族共同体D ．民族平等奠定民族团结的政治经济基础34.【答案】C【解析】本题难度适中，考查学生从村料提取关健信息的能力，注意题目的关健信息：中华民族各有其发展特点，但也有共同的一面，说明的是中华民族是一个共同体，选项C符合题意；中华民族发展不平衡并没有涉及，排除A；材料没有涉及民族凝聚力，排除B；D与题意无关。
【考点定位】中华民族的特点35 ．某班同学排演政治短剧，下面哪句“国家元首”的台词准确反映了法国政治制度的特征A ．可恶的议会，充斥着这么多党派，他们总是翻云覆雨、无所事事B ．可恶的议会，一而再再而三地延搁政府议案，我却对其束手无策C ．可恶的议会，竞然对政府和我提出不信任案，我将决定解散议会D ．可恶的议会，竞然不是由我所属的党派控制，我却还要对其负责35.【答案】 A【解析】本题难度大，法国政府不由议会产生，总理由总统任命，和总统一起行使行政权，但议会对政府行使监督职能。
总理必须向议会负责，议会有权弹劾总理。
选项A符合题意。
【考点定位】法国总统共和制38 . (33分）《国务院关于实行最严格水资源管理制度的意见》划定了水资源利用管理的“三条红线”：水资源开发利用控制红线、到2030年全国用水总量控制在7000亿立方米以内；用水效率控制红线，到 2030 年用水效卑达到或接近世界先进水平，万元工业增加值用水量（以 xx 年不变价格计算）降低到 40 立方米以下，农田灌溉水有效利用系数提高到 0. 6 以上；水功能区限制纳污红线，到 2030 年主要污染物入河湖总量控制在水功能区纳污能力范围之内，水功能区水质达标率提高到 95 ％以上。
( 2 ）实现“三条红线”的控制目标需要从多方面采取措施。
运用《经济生活》的相关知识完成下表。
（ 11 分）(3）运用《经济学常识》的相关知识，分析水资源的可持续利用为什么不能完全由“看不见的手”调节。
（7分）(4）为了保护和节约水资源，某校学生会正在草拟倡议书，向同学们征集倡议。
结合《政治生活》中关于公民的相关知识，请你提出两条倡议，要求有不同的理论依据。
(12分）38.【答案】⑵①水资源开发利用控制红线。
②降低企业购买节水设备的融资成本，以鼓励企业购买节水设备，提高水资源的利用率。
③对企业排污征收排污税或对违反排污规定的企业进行罚款。
⑶市场调节有利于节约用水，提高用水效率，但市场也存在盲目性、自发性、滞后性等局限，水资源完全由“看不见的手”调节，会造成过度开发、分配不公、污水排放量过多等问题，不利于可持续利用。
政府参与水资源管理能够弥补市场调节的不足。
⑷倡议：自觉节约用水，如注意拧紧水龙头等。
理论依据：坚持权利与义务统一的原则。
倡议：最破坏水资源（或不合理用水）现象进行监督和举报。
理论依据：公民具有宪法和法律规定的监督权。
（答出其他倡议及其理论依据，如倡议参与水价制定、积极建言献策，理论依据为公民通过社情民意反映制度参与民主决策等，言之有理，均可酌情给分）38.【解析】⑵此问难度不大，考查学生灵活利用利用材料获取答案的能力。