上海市奉贤区2021届高三英语上学期期末考试一模12月试题
上海市奉贤区2021届高三英语上学期期末考试（一模）（12月）试题（考试时间120分钟，满分140分。
）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Cook and baker. B. Waitress and diner.C. Patient and dentist.D. Tailor and customer.2. A. $150. B. $200. C. $300. D. $600.3. A. In a hospital. B. In a nursery. C. In a drugstore. D. In a surgery room.4. A. Suitable fertilizers. B. Adequate water. C. Rich soil. D. Proper temperature.5. A. He’s better. B. He’s feeling worse.C. He’s sick in bed.D. He has recovered.6. A. The boy can ask his sister for help. B. The boy should have worked harder.C. The boy’s s ister is cleverer than he is.D. The boy’s sister is doing herhomework.7. A. She prefers attending classes to studying online. B. She feels distracted in anonline class.C. She thinks online classes suit her learning style.D. She is easily distracted by other people.8. A. The dinner is prepared. B. They need another table.C. The tables are not long enough.D. Someone is not coming for dinner.9. A. The woman believes that the man can give up smoking.B. The man finds it easy to give up smoking.C. The man can’t resist the temptation of smoking.D. The man has convinced the woman that he can give up smoking10. A. He is solving a math problem.B. He is rewriting the numbers of the report.C. He is trying to make a sound budget.D. He is checking the financial report.Section BDirections: In section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversion will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following questions.11. A. She wanted her to be a ballet dancer. B. She hated to see her wasting time.C. She used to be a ballet dancer herself.D. She was too busy to look after her.12. A. After she started teaching English. B. When she moved to New York city.C. Before she left for New Zealand.D. Once she began to live on her own.13. A. The speaker’s dancing experience. B. The development of salsa dancing.C. The popularity of salsa dancing.D. The reasons why the speaker loves dancing salsa.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Merchants were employed to promote products. B. Ad messages were shouted out in public places.C. Production information was included in books.D. Ad signs were put up in towns.15. A. Repeating the names of goods in ads.B. Adding pictures and expressions in ads.C. Organizing words and expressions carefully in ads.D. Designing posters and slogans for goods in ads.16. A. The development of advertising.B. The significance of advertising designs.C. The relationship between newspapers advertising and merchants.D. The various ways to make advertisements.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following questions.17. A. Worried. B. Thrilled. C. Frustrated. D. Sad.18. A. Seek advice from senior students. B. Pick up some meaningful hobbies.C. Participate in after-school activities.D. Look into what the school offers.19. A. Give her help whenever she needs it. B. Find her accommodation on campus.C. Accept her as a transfer student.D. Introduce her to her roommates.20. A. She has some interests similar to Catherine. B. She has chosen the same major as Catherine.C. She has become friends with Catherine.D. She has just transferred to the school too.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Children moving from primary to secondary school are ill-equipped to deal with the booming of social media, as it is playing an increasingly important role in their lives, and is exposing them to significant emotional risks, according to a recent report by the Office of the Children’s Commissioner for England.The report shows that many children in year 7–the first year of secondary school, ____21____ almost everyone in the class will have a phone and be active on social media –feel under pressure to be constantly connected.They kind of ____22____ (worry) about their online image, particularly when they start to follow celebrities on Instagram and other platforms. They are also upset about “sharenting” – when parents post pictures of them on social media without ____23____ (permit) – and show the concern ____24____ their parents won’t listen if they ask them to take pictures down.The report, based on group interviews with 8- to 12-year-olds , shows that ____25____ most social media sites have an official age limit of 13, an ____26____ (estimate) 75% of 10- to 12-year-olds will have a social media account.Some children are almost addicted to “likes”, the report says. Aaron, an 11-year-old in year 7, told researchers, “If I got 150 likes, I’d be like, that’s pretty cool, it means they like you.” Some children described feeling ____27____ (confident) than those they follow on social media. Aimee, also 11, said, “____28____ (compare) yourself with them, you might feel devalued because you’re not very pretty.”Children’s Commissioner for England Anne Longfield is calling on parents and teachers to do more to prepare children for the emotional impact of social media as they get older. “What a child has learnt at primary school does not guarantee he can protect ____29_____ from the risks that social media will present.”“It means a bigger role for schools in making sure children ____30____ (prepare) for the emotional demands of social media. And it means social media companies are supposed to assume more responsibilities.” Longfield said.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.editors use data from the website, blogs, and social media to identify and prioritize new additions. On the New Words Blog, ____31____ new additions are posted weekly for readers to cast their votes on whether they feel these words should be added. Surprisi ngly, “Quarantine” has defeated “lockdown” and “pandemic”to be ____32____ Word of the Year 2020 after data showed it to be one of the most highly searched for on the Cambridge Dictionary.The Cambridge Dictionary editors have also tracked how people were using the word quarantine and discovered a new meaning ____33____: a general period of time in which people are not allowed to leave their homes or travel freely, so that they do not catch or spread a disease.Research shows the word is being used ____34____ to lockdown, particularly in the United States, to refer to a situation in which people stay home to avoid catching the disease.This new ____35____ of quarantine has now been added to the Cambridge Dictionary, and marks a shift from the existing meanings, which relate to ____36____ a person or animal suspected of being infectious.Neither corona virus nor COVID-19 appeared among the words that Cambridge Dictionary users searched for most this year. We believe this indicates that people have been ____37____ confident about what the virus is. Instead, users have been searching for words related to the social and economic impacts of the pandemic, as ____38____ not just by quarantine but by the two runners-up on the shortlist for Word of the Year: lockdown and pandemic itself. This interest in quarantine and other related ____39_____ was reflected not only in our search statistics, but also in visits to this blog.Cambridge Dictionary is the top dictionary website for English learning. The dictionary not only shows how words are used in real-world ____40____ but also gives out their definitions.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Why liars lie: What science tells us about deception We all do it sometimes, even though we know it’s wrong. But here’s the problem with lying: research shows that the more you lie, the easier it gets, and the more likely you are to do it again. “The dangerous thing about lying is that people don’t understand how the act changes us,” said Dan Ariely, a behavioral psychologist at Duke.Psychologists have documented children lying as early as age 2. Some experts even consider lying a ____41____ milestone, like crawling and walking, because it requires complex planning, attention and the ability to see a situation from someone else’s ____42____ to effectively control them. But for most people, lying gets ____43____ as we develop a sense of morality and the ability to self-regulate.A 2010 study on the frequency of lying in America found that in a given 24-hour period, most adults reported not telling any lies. Almost half the lies recorded in the study could be ____44____ just 5 percent of participants. And most people ____45____ lying when they could, turning to deception only when the truth was troublesome.Harvard cognitive neuroscientist Joshua Greene said, ____46____ , for most of us, lying takes work. In studies, he presented study subjects with a chance to deceive for monetary gain while examining their brains in a functional MRI(核磁共振) machine, which ____47____ blood flow to active parts of the brain.Some people told the truth instinctively. But others ____48____ opted to lie, and they showed ____49____ activity in their frontal parietal (额顶叶) control network, which is involved in difficult or complex thinking. This suggests that they were deciding between truth and ____50____ – and ultimately opting for the latter.For a follow-up analysis, he found that people whose neural reward centers were more active when they won money were also more likely to be among the group of liars –suggesting that lying may have to do with the ____51____ to resist temptation.Scientists don’t really know what prevents all of us from lying all the time. Some believe truth-telling is a social norm we internalize, or a result of conflict in our brains between the things we want and the ___52____ image of ourselves we strive to maintain. But the curious thing about this ____53____ mechanism is that it comes from within.However, external conditions also matter ____54____ when and how often we lie. We are more likely to lie, research shows, when we are able to justify it, when we are ____55____ and exhausted, or when we see others being dishonest. And we are less likely to lie when we have moral reminders or when we think others are watching.41. A. historical B. developmental C. mental D. psychological42. A. perspective B. imagination C. experience D. evaluation43. A. dominated B. preferred C. accepted D. limited44. A. attributed to B. applied to C. reduced to D. distributed to45. A. regretted B. avoided C. recognized D. denied46. A. anyhow B. instead C. indeed D. likewise47. A. stimulates B. maps C. guides D. assesses48. A. reasonably B. randomly C. passively D. deliberately49. A. restored B. failed C. regulated D. increased50. A. morality B. fantasy C. dishonesty D. reality51. A. inability B. impulse C. determination D. possibility52. A. unique B. objective C. positive D. typical53. A. preventive B. persuasive C. interactive D. decisive54. A. regardless of B. by means of C. in response to D. in terms of55. A. delighted B. motivated C. encouraged D. stressedSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)DandelionsI remember as a young child bringing a bunch of brilliant yellow flowers to my mother. It didn’t matter that the stems felt sticky or that both my parents cursed the presence of these flowers in the lawn. I thought they were beautiful!And there were so many of them! We spent hours picking the flowers and then popping the blossoms off with a snap of our fingers. But the supply of dandelions (蒲公英) never ran out. My father or brothers would chop off all the heads with the lawnmower (割草机) at least once a week, but that didn't stop these hardy wonders.And for those flowers that escaped the honor of being hand-delivered to my mother or the sharp blades of the lawnmower, there was another level of existence. The soft roundness of a dandelion gone to seed caused endless laughter of delight as we unconsciously spread this flower across the yard.As I worked in my garden last week, pulling unwanted weeds out of the space that would become a haven for tomatoes, corn, peas and sunflowers, I again marveled at the flower that some call a weed.And I thought, if only I had the staying power of a dandelion. If only I could stretch my roots so deep and straight that something tugging on my stem couldn’t separate me completely from the source that feeds me life. If only I could come back to face the world with a bright, sunshiny face after someone has run me over with a lawnmower or worse, purposely attacked me in an attempt to destroy me. If only I could spread love and encouragement as freely and fully as this flower spreads seeds of itself.The lawns at my parents' home are now beautiful green blankets. The only patches of color come from well-placed, well-controlled flowerbeds. Chemicals have managed to kill what human interference couldn’t. I hope you and I ca n be different. I hope that we can stretch our roots deep enough that the strongest poison can't reach our souls. I hope that we can overcome the poisons of anger, fear, hate, criticism and competitiveness.56. The author’s parents probably viewed the dan delions in the lawn as ________.A. supplies of seedsB. beautiful wondersC. unwanted weedsD. patches of colors57. What does the author mean by “another level of existence” in paragraph 3?A. The flowers were meant as a joyful gift to her mother.B. The flowers evolved into a stronger species because of frequent mowing.C. The flowers were tough enough to spread new lives themselves.D. The flowers that some called a weed were difficult to pull out.58. What can we learn from the article?A. The a uthor’s family enjoyed the dandelions as much as she did.B. The author purposefully replaced some dandelions with crops.C. The dandelions were never successfully removed from the lawn.D. The author felt sorry but encouraged by the fate of the dandelions.59. Through the article, the author mainly wants to ________.A. share the inspirations she gained from the dandelionsB. arouse public awareness to pay close attention to the beauty in lifeC. show the importance of planting dandelionsD. express the shame that only she saw the beauty of the dandelion(B)Grand Canyon National ParkLocated entirely in northern Arizona, the parkcovers 277 miles of the Colorado River and adjacentuplands. One of the most spectacular examples oferosion anywhere in the world, Grand Canyon isunmatched in the incomparable vistas(远景) it offersto visitors on the rim. Grand Canyon National Park isa World Heritage Site.Park Openings and ClosingsThe Village and Desert View on the South Rim are open all year and park entrances remain open 24 hours a day. North Rim facilities open mid-May and close mid-October. Park entrances remain open 24 hours a day during this time. Hours for visitor centers and businesses vary throughout the year.Park InformationThe park produces a Pocket Map with a North Rim and South Rim edition that contains a map and information about services, facilities, and park ranger programs. It is available in French, German, Japanese, Italian, Spanish, Korean, and Chinese. A hiking brochure is available for those planning to hike one of the park’s main trails down i nto Grand Canyon. Obtain publications at entrance stations, visitor centers, or at /136ojl.AccessibilityMany of the facilities at Grand Canyon are historic and built before current accessibility standards were set. The terrain is rugged with narrow, rocky trails and steep cliffs. Visitors using wheelchairs or having visual impairments may need assistance. For more information about accessibility in Grand Canyon National Park, see /1rtxl2.Park Entrance FeesFees collected support projects in the park. Admission to the park is $35 per private vehicle; $30 per motorcycle; and $20 per person entering the park via Grand Canyon Railway, park shuttle bus, private rafting trip, walking, or riding a bicycle. The pass can be used for seven daysand includes both rims. Pay fees at park entrance stations or at some businesses outside the park. Every year the National Park Service offers entrance fee free days. For complete fee information, including Annual, Active Military, Senior, and Access passes, visit /y5uu6f.SustainabilityGrand Canyon National Park incorporates sustainability into all aspects of its operations. Use your refillable water bottle to fill up on free Grand Canyon spring water at major trailheads, visitor centers and grocery stores. Please recycle – recycling containers are conveniently located and as common as trash bins. Discover what else you can do to protect the environment while traveling here and beyond at /1b2rzt.60. People with physical disabilities can find detailed information on park facilities designedfor them by visiting ________.A. /y5uu6fB. /1rtxl2C. /136ojlD. /1b2rzt61. What is the admission fee if you and your parents plan to go on a ten-day vacation to GrandCanyon National Park by driving a car?A. $35.B. $60.C. $70.D. $120.62. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Visitors have year-round access to every corner of the national park.B. Hikers who can only speak Chinese cannot explore the North Rim without an interpreter.C. The Grand Canyon features its one of the world's most visually breathtaking landscapes.D. Visitors are forbidden to leave any trash in the National Park to maintain sustainability.(C)The two-hour show on March 25, 2019 put on by Tim Cook may be remembered as a milestone for the company –and the entertainment industry. Mr. Cook did not announce his company’s latest device. Instead, he unveiled a set of products and services, including video streaming (在线播放), news games and even a credit card.Apple’s 900 million iPhones worldwide grant it access to a massive potential audience. Analysts speculate that Apple will eventually offer them something similar to Amazon Prime, where customers pay a fixed monthly fee for some combination of news, games, cloud storage, music and video, and which could possibly connect with the company’s iPhone subscriptions (订阅).Apple TV+, which got prioritized by Mr. Cook, will offer original programming in more than 100 countries. The money Apple plans to spend on original shows –perhaps $1 billion to $2 billion thus far – is dwarfed by that of Netflix, which will spend as much as $15 billion this year on original and licensed content, or Disney, whose own video-streaming is expected shortly. But Apple’s high-profile shows are for now meant chiefly to draw customers to its universe of apps and services. That includes subscription services for games, a long list of big American magazines and a few newspapers. You can pay for it all using your new Apple Card, developed with bankers at Goldman Sachs (高盛，著名投资银行). The credit card puts Apple in direct competition with banks: it has no fees and will give users 2% cash back on purchases made via Apple Pay, the company’s payments system – or 3% on purchases of Apple kit and service.Although Apple continues to earn most of its money from devices, its business in services is growing quickly, accounting for nearly $40 billion of revenues of $266 billion in 2018. The new subscription offering, which is easier to click and buy than their predecessors (先前版本), should accelerate that trend. Its new partners hope to be along for the ride. Analysts at Goldman Sachs estimated that Apple may turn 10% of the 85 million monthly users of its free News app into paying subscribers, wining a cut of newspaper and TV subscriptions sold through its services.Some content providers are cautious. The New York Times and The Washington Post have rejected Apple’s advances on behalf of its news service. Netflix and Disney will not take part in Apple TV+, which they view as more a threat than an opportunity.63. The underlined word dwarfed in paragraph 3 most probably means ________.A. made to appear insignificantB. reduced to a great extentC. limited to a fixed scaleD. grown to its full potential64. We can infer from the article that ________.A. Apple invested heavily in its entertainment services along with its latest devicesB. Apple Card may be favoured because it offers discounts on purchases of Apple productsC. The popularity of Apple devices may bring forth huge profit potentials in its new serviceD. Apple’s new move is seen a s an opportunity as well as a threat by its competitors65. What is most likely to be further discussed if the article continues?A. What action Apple might take to attract potential subscribers.B. Who might gain huge benefits from Apple’s new service.C. How Goldman Sachs won the support from Mr. Tim Cook.D. Why some companies are alert to Apple’s strategy changes.66. What is the best title for this article?A. Tech Giant Apple Stages New MovesB. A Great Challenge to the Entertainment IndustryC. The Entertainment Industry Calls for CooperationD. A New Bottleneck for Tech Giant AppleSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Beware of the high temperature of a microwave oven.B.But doing this you will give yourself a dull cup of tea.C.What he didn’t insist on was that the wate r should be boiled just once.D.However, they both argue against the use of tea-imprisoning devices.E.He said the milk should be poured into the cup last, not first.F.A better solution is to heat it with microwave for 10s.How to Make a Good Cup of TeaIn his essay, A Nice Cup of Tea, George Orwell laid out 11 basic principles to make a good cup of tea, from warming the pot beforehand to stirring the leaves before pouring. He insisted that “the water should be actually boiling at the moment of impact, which m eans that one should keep it on the flame while one pours”.____67____ “Some people add that one should only use water that has been freshly broughtto the boil, but I have never noticed that it makes any difference,” he went on to state.However, on that point at least, it seems he was wrong. William Gorman, one of Britain’s leading tea experts, has now put forward that the water used for making a cup of tea should never be boiled more than once. “Usually when people’s tea goes cold they reboil the kettle and make another cup. ____68____ You need freshly drawn water for a good cup because reboiling it takes all the oxygen and nitrogen out of it, ruining its layered flavor.”Besides, Mr. Gorman advocates another practice of making tea, one that Orwell would surely have protested. Mr. Gorman said, “____69____ When you microwave tea, all you’re doing is just moving the molecules around and getting it back up to a decent temperature. It is not impacting the flavor at all.”____70____ In some countries teapots are fitted with little dangling baskets under the spout, to catch the stray leaves, which are supposed to be harmful. Actually one can swallow tea-leaves in considerable quantities without ill effect, and if the tea is not loose in the pot, it never infuses properly. They agree by doing this, you actually risk losing a good cup of tea.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Population Change of European BirdsThe breeding bird populations in Europe have seen a great shift over the past three decades, driven by both climate crisis and human interferences, according to one of the world’s largest citizen science projects on biodiversity.Overall, 35% of birds increased their breeding range. Dr. Iván Ramírez, senior head of conservation at BirdLife Europe and central Asia, said: “Those birds that have been legally protected have been doing better than those which are not protected. This is a really important message within the European Union. We have one of the oldest policies – the Birds Directive –and we can prove that it works.”In addition, as the climate warms, forests are stretching into northern and agricultural regions. In parts of northern Europe, there has also been tree planting (mainly for wood and paper) and land abandonment (specifically in Mediterranean areas), which benefited many woodland species such as woodpeckers and warblers but caused damage to a number of other species as well. The research shows a total of 25% of birds now occupy a smaller area.Generally, farmland birds are bigger losers, suffering overall declines in population and reduced distribution because agricultural intensification means there is less food, such as insects and remainder from harvesting. The State of Nature in the EU 2013-2018 assessment showed 80% of key habitats were in poor or bad condition, and intensive farming is a major driver of decline. The UK’s farmla nd birds have declined by 55% since 1970.“Predictably, there are winners and losers. We can see how some species have expanded across the continent rapidly and have begun to colonize UK wetlands. In contrast, we can see ranges shrinking as species of northern Europe feel the impact of climate change, and species such as the dotterel are declining in numbers and range in northern Britain,” he said.V. TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.自古以来，中国人便用简单的原材料制作美食。
2021届上海奉贤区光明学校高三英语一模试题及参考答案
2021届上海奉贤区光明学校高三英语一模试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWashington D.C. SightseeingWith the information below, you’re not missing anything in D.C.! Click Here to find the perfect hotel for your stay as well.The Old Town Trolley TourIt offers something for the whole family. Not only will it give them something fun to do, but it will give them a history lesson. This tour will last about three hours and it’s proper for people of all ages.African American History TourBe sure to take this tour because African Americans have had an important role in the making of our country. Take this historical four-hour tour, where you will visit some important sites including Museum of African American History and Culture.Comedy Walks Washington D.C.This is a great experience allowing you to enjoy the capital in a new way. The walking tour lasts for about one hour and thirty minutes, which takes place in less than a mile journey from the starting place.D.C. Twilight TourCheck out the D.C. Twilight Tour for a unique view of some of the most famous sites! What makes this two-hour guided tour truly unique is that you can view many wonderful sites at night time!1.Which tour is recommended to a tourist who is fond of hiking?A.The Old Town Trolley TourB.African American History Touredy Walks WashingtonD.C. D.D.C. Twilight Tour2.Which tour lasts longest?A.The Old Town Trolley TourB.African American History Touredy Walks WashingtonD.C. D.D.C. Twilight Tour3.Where will you read this text most likely?A.In a guidebook.B.In a magazine.C.In a newspaper.D.On the Internet.BRain is vital to life on Earth. However, rain isn’t just made of water anymore—it’s partly made of plastic.Millions of tiny pieces of plastic, called microplastics, are wandering around Earth’s atmosphere and traveling across entire continents according to a study published in one journal on April 12.Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter and come from a number of sources. Plastic bags and bottles released into the environment break down into smaller and smaller bits. Some microplastics are produced deliberately to provide abrasion(研磨)in products, such as toothpaste and cleansers. Another major source is your washing machine. When you wash clothing, tiny microfibers get washed away with the wastewater. Even though the water is treated by a wastewater plant, the microplastics remain,and they are released into the sea.Plastic rain may remind people of acid rain, but the former is far more widespread and harder to deal with. The tiny particles, too small to be seen with the naked eye, are collected by the wind from the ground. They are so light that they stay in the air to be blown around the globe. As they climb into the atmosphere, they are thought to act as nuclei (核心) around which water vapor (水蒸气) combines to form clouds. Some of the dust falls back to land in dry conditions, while the rest comes down as rain.Microplastics have been found everywhere you can imagine. From fish and frogs to mice and mosquitoes, their bodies have been found on average to contain 40 pieces of microplastic. As the top of the food chain, humans are exposed to microplastics, too. “We live on a ball inside a bubble,” microplastic researcher Steve Allen said. “There are no borders, there are no edges. It rains on the land and then gets blown back up into the air again to move somewhere else. There’s no stopping it once it’s out.”4. What do we know about microplastics?A. They have a diameter of over 5 millimeters.B. They have become a threat to humans.C. They are light and can be easily dealt with.D. They cause acid rain and plastic rain.5. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?A. Waysto deal with microplastics.B. The wide use of microplastics.C. Where microplastics come from.D. How microplastics pollute water.6. What does Steve Allen want to tell us in the last paragraph?A. No place can be safe from microplastic pollution.B. The atmosphere possesses the ability to self-cleanse.C. Countries should work together to fight pollution.D. Wind causes microplastics to move somewhere else.7. The main purpose of the article is to________.A. call on people to use fewer plastic productsB. warn people of the danger of microplasticsC. introduce the sources and effects of microplasticsD. make a comparison between acid rain and plastic rainCThe outbreak of the novel corona virus pneumonia (NCP) has disrupted the lives and work of nearly every Chinese person. However, a new trend has been on the rise: many have turned themselves into livestreaming users orfollowers.According to Questmobile, a professional big data intelligence services provider in China, the audience for Douyin, Kuaishou and other livestreaming platforms surged to 574 million during the Spring Festival holiday, up 35 percent from 2019.Confined at home, away from their friends and loved ones, people turn to livestreaming to reach out to the world. For them livestreaming can help them share their lives and interest with a global audience, which will give them the sense of being “in the moment”. Even as viewers, they can also engage immediately with livestreamers by commenting and making suggestions.“When I comment on the livestreaming videos, I’m not simply an audience member, but also an active part of the program. That gives me a sense of engagement,” an Internet user named Wang Hao told People’s Daily.Livestreaming is not only for fun, but also a new tool for many businesses. Affected by the pandemic, many businesses had to stop their sales in physical stores. To meet their business goals and survive during these trying times, many chose to livestream to revive their businesses.Joyoung, a leading maker of small kitchen appliances, is a good example. The company not only added a number of broadcasts each day to advertise their products, but also shared the menus that were beneficial to health. “The responses to our livestreaming shows have been well beyond expectations,” Kang Li, who oversees the company’s livestreaming unit, told China daily. “It’s a natural opportunity to truly bond with our followers.”Like it or not, livestreaming is likely to go mainstream in China for both entertainment and business.8. What is the purpose of writing the second paragraph?A. To introduce some popular livestreaming platforms in China.B. To report data on the development of livestreaming in 2019.C. To show that Chinese people spend too much time on livestreaming apps.D. To prove that livestreaming are becoming increasingly popular in China.9. What does Wang Hao think of commenting on livestreaming?A. It is boring to make comments.B. It is the only way to share viewers’ lives.C. It makes people feel involved in the stream.D. It helps livestreamers improve themselves.10. What do paragraphs 5&6 mainly talk about?A. Livestreaming replaced physical stores in many areas.B. Many businesses turned to livestreaming platform for marketing.C. Livestreaming platforms faced challenges during the pandemic.D. Livestreaming platforms made changes to their services.11. How does the author feel about thefuture of livestreaming？A. Positive.B. Uncertain.C. Disappointed.D. Confused.DAt any moment, about half the world’s population is wearing denim（牛仔布）clothes. But few realize tiny bits of denim have been adding up to a surprising amount of pollution in water, as a new study shows.Sam Athey, one of the study’s authors, says, “Even though denim is made of a natural material—cotton, it contains chemicals.” Cotton fibers were treated with many types of chemicals, she notes. Some improve its durability and feel. Others give denim its distinctive blue color1 .Athey and her team washed jeans and found that about 50,000 microfibers came off from each pair per wash. Not all of those fibers make their way into the environment. Wastewater treatment plants catch about 83 to 99 percent ofthem. Catching 99 percent may sound pretty good. But one percent of 50,000 is still 500 fibers per wash. And since every pair of jeans is washed again and again, it still adds up to lots of microfibers entering the water environment.Denim microfibers showed up in sediment（沉淀物）from the Great Lakes. More of these fibers polluted a series of shallow lakesin southern Ontario. They even turned up in sediment from the Arctic Ocean in northernCanada. The team found denim accounted for 12 to 23 percent of microfibers in the sediment. There were other microfibers too. But the team focused on denim because so many people wear jeans.“Everyone wears jeans so they could be our largest input of microfibers into our streams and soils,” Athey says. “An easy way to limit that is by washing our jeans less often.” Athey grew up thinking she should wash her jeans after wearing them every couple of times, but most jean companies recommend washing them no more than once a month. “The solution is not that you shouldn’t wear jeans,” she says. “We need to buy fewer denim clothes and only wash them when they truly need it.”12. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Chemicals are contained in natural cotton.B. Chemicals can make denim color1 ful.C. Chemicals prevent fibers from falling.D. Chemicals can make the life of denim longer.13. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Denim.B. Sediment.C. Microfibers.D. Chemicals.14. What does the author mainly want to tell us through Athey’s words ?A. To avoid wearing jeans.B. To reduce denim consumption.C. To wash jeans more often.D. To limit input in denim production.15. In which section of a magazine might the text be found?A. Science.B. Entertainment.C. Tourism.D. Geography.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2021年上海奉贤区光明学校高三英语上学期期末试题及参考答案
2021年上海奉贤区光明学校高三英语上学期期末试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ATwitter humorist and TV writer Jonny Sun is the author of the 2017 best-sellereveryone'sa aliebn when ur a aliebn too. This time, he recommends some emotionally powerful books.The Book of Delightsby Ross Gay(2019)Gay's collection of 102 short but emotional stories, begun in mid-2016 and written in the order of time over a year in America, focuses on the careful observation of ordinary delights in daily life. The writing is personal and grounded in thoughtful joy.100 Essays I Don't Have Time to Writeby Sarah Ruhl(2014)Seemingly a collection of essays on theater, Ruhl's book feels instead like the playwright's thoughts all of life. Her writing here is deeply personal, sharply argued but also playful. The book is actually a detailed description of the artist herself.They Can't Kill Us Until They Kill Usby Hanif Abdurraqib(2017)I am always so moved by Abdurraqib's writing. He combines cultural criticism and personal memory in such a beautiful way, making the two styles naturally bound.Space Struckby Paige Lewis(2019 )This poetry collection awakened emotions in me that I did not know existed, or that I could feel, or that one could ever put words to. Every line is playful, honest, complex, and gentle.If you want to get more books, you can click here:Try more books1. Which book is a collection of short stories of daily happiness?A. The Book of Delights.B. 100 Essays I Don't Have Time to Write.C. They Can't Kill Us Until They Kill Us.D. Space Struck.2. Who is probably a poet?A. Ross Gay.B. Sarah Ruhl.C. Hanif Abduraqib.D. Paige Lewis.3. Where is the text most likely from?A. A diary.B. A brochure.C. A website.D. A magazine.BHundreds of children are being treated for sleep problems in Wales every year. In some cases，babies，infants (婴儿)and teenagers have been admitted to hospital in north Wales alone.The Children’s Sleep Charity said many children were suffering from lack of sleep mainly because of technology use. Public Health Wales said sleep was as important to a child’s health as healthy eating and exercise，and children with poor sleep patterns were more likely to be fat.Statistics obtained (获得) under the Freedom of Information Act by BBC Wales found at least 408 children have been admitted to hospitals across Wales suffering from sleep disorders since March 2013.Children aged between 0 and 4 made up the highest number of inpatients (住院病人)，with some newborns being treated for sleep-related problems from the day of birth.Vicki Dawson，who set up the Children’s Sleep Charity (CSC)，said sleepless nights were putting both children and parents in anxiety. “Their weight and growth may also be affected as well as their mental health，”she said.Teachers said children showing signs of sleep shortage and tiredness in class were a concern as they couldn’t concentrate for long periods.Psychologist Amy McClelland，of Sleep Wales，saida common problem was that children were “over excited”before bed and that families should get back to basics. “Think 1950s family home. Dinner as a family，read，chat，a film maybe，lights off and then bed. ”She added.4. What’s the mainreason why children are short of sleep？A. Less exercise.B. Eating habits.C. Technology use.D. Sleep patterns.5. Who are the majority of the inpatients with sleep-related disorders？A. Infants.B. Teenagers.C. Teachers.D. Parents.6. What can we infer from what Amy McClelland said？A. Chatting and films make children sleep more.B. It is difficult for children to read before bed.C. Being too excitedis good for sleep habits.D. Relaxation has a bad effect on children.7. What is the best title forthe text？A. Ways to Treat Sleep ProblemsB. Sleep Problems of Welsh ChildrenC. Sleep Habits of Welsh ChildrenD. The Problems of Welsh ChildrenCAfter finishing his dinner, Lin Xu opened a WeChat mini-programcalled "Clear Plate" on his phone and took a picture of the empty plates. He was then awarded 157 credit points after the image was uploaded and recognized by artificial intelligence. The credit points can be used to buy gifts, such as books, cellphones and red wine, or to purchase charity meals donated to children in poor rural areas.The "Clear Plate" mini-program has become popular among young Chinese. Similar campaigns like an "empty plate challenge" are alsoon the horizonin many Chinese universities."Technological innovation is a good way to reduce food waste," said Liu Jichen. Founder of the start-up that developed the app. The idea popped up at a dinner in 2017, when Liu found that the restaurant owner would give diners who polished off their food a card and offer small gifts after a certain number of cards had been collected. "Everyone who values food is bound to enjoy a sense of gain at a lower cost," Liu mentioned this case, noting that such an idea could potentially be realized online.He formeda team to work on the project. Yet it was quite a challenge for the AI system to assess whether the uploaded photos showed empty plates. To make the AI system smarter，Liu and his team, assisted by more than 1, 000 others, spent half a year collecting over100,000 samples from canteens and restaurants across the country and analyzed the data. Dozens of enterprises, institutions and restaurants have contacted the start-up to cooperate on the project. Through the digitalized, visualized mini-program, people can clearly see the good results of saving food, which will effectively reduce food waste. "We hope our efforts can start a new trend among the younger generation, encouraging them to develop the habit of thrift(节约)," Liu said.8. What does the underlined phrase "on the horizon" in paragraph 2 mean?A. Likely to decrease.B. Likely to succeed.C. Likely to change.D. Likely to appear.9. What caused Liu Jichen to develop the "Clear Plate" app?A. Food waste afterdinner.B. The idea of the restaurant owner.C. Small gifts sent by his friends.D. Charity meals donated to children.10. What was difficult for the project Liu's team worked on?A. Making the AI system smarter.B. Assessing the uploaded photos.C. Collecting samples from canteens and restaurants.D. Encouraging people to develop the habit of thrift.11. What is the text mainly about?A. AI programs becoming popular.B. AI programs appearing in many Chinese universities.C. AI programs encouraging diners toclear their plates.D. AI programs collecting pictures of clearing diners' plates.DAs an old saying inChinagoes, “The days of the Sanjiu periodare the coldest days.” “Sanjiu period” , which is in Minor Cold, refers to the third nine-day period (the l9th to the 27th day) after the day of the Winter Solstice(冬至). There are many different customs related to Minor Cold inChina.Eating hotpotDuringMinor Cold people should eat some hot food to benefit the body and defend against the cold weather. Winter is the best time to have hotpot and braised mutton with soy sauce. But it is important to notice that too much spicy food may cause health problems.Eating huangyacaiInTianjin, there is a custom to have huangyacai, a kind of Chinese cabbage, during Minor Cold. There are large amounts of vitamins A and B in huangyacai. As huangyacai is fresh and tender, it is fit for frying, roasting and braising.Eating glutinous rice (糯米饭)According to tradition, the Cantonese eat glutinous rice in the morning during Minor Cold. Cantonese people add some fried preserved pork, sausages and peanuts and mix them into the rice.Eating vegetable riceIn ancient times, people inNanjingtook Minor Cold quite seriously, but as time went by, the celebration of Minor Cold gradually disappeared. However, the custom of eating vegetable rice is still followed today. The rice is steamed and is unspeakably delicious. Among the ingredients (原料), aijiaohuang (a kind of green vegetable), sausages and salted duck are the specialties in Nanjing.12. What do we know about Minor Cold?A. It refers to the Winter Solstice.B. The Sanjiu period is in this period.C. It lasts twenty-seven days.D. It marks the first day of winter.13. What is a special custom in Tianjin in Minor Cold？A. Eating hotpot.B. Having vitamin A and B pills.C. Having huangyacai.D. Buying cabbage.14. How do the Cantonese eat glutinous rice?A. They fry and toast it.B. They eatit for dinner.C. They mix it with many other things.D. They steam it with soy sauce.15. This text may be taken from the ________ column (栏目) of a newspaper.A. travelB. cultureC. fashionD. science第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2021年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷(有答案)
2021年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷II. Grammar and VocabularyDirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.1.Ancient Myth﹣﹣﹣A Hit With Modern AudiencesThis summer's surprise hit at movie theaters across China was the re﹣telling of the ancient myth of Nezha． The animated film （1）________（take） in over four billion yuan at the box office and become one of the country's most successful films ever． It proved that China could produce animated films comparable to （2）________produced in Hollywood and Japan．The film， directed by Yang Yu， was a massive undertaking（任务） from start to finish． He spent two years writing the script（剧本） and three more years making a film which required the efforts of 1，600 animators． But for Yang， it was a way to prove to himself that he （3）________change his fate and inspire others to change their fate as well．"I used to suffer from a lot of prejudice after changing my career，" said Yang， "Since then I have thought about making an animated film to encourage young people to persist in their dreams．"（4）________（convey） the message that "your fate is in your own hands，" Yang made some changes to the original myth． Nezha was born a devil（恶魔），（5）________（fate） to cause mischief（恶作剧）， but he decides to overcome his fate and to save the people of his hometown from being destroyed by Ao Bing， the third son of the Dragon King．（6）________the ancient myth being very clear about the differences between the good and the bad guys， in Yang's film， all of the characters are treated with empathy， and even the "bad" people are also victims of their fate，（7）________， actually， have the potential to change and become good．Over the years， I have come across a few students labeled as "devils．" Although some misbehaved simply （8）________they were not mature enough， others were trouble﹣making and uncooperative when they were in a bad mood． Those students need to know they were not doomed to be bad． As they grew up， they would have the power to change their circumstances．If you have seen Nezha， you know （9）________a terrific， entertaining film it is． But an important lesson is also conveyed in the film （10）________we should not judge ourselves or others too harshly， so as not to allow those negative judgments to control our fate．Section BDirection： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Flood﹣hit Venice's shrinking population faces mounting problemsVenetians（威尼斯人） are fed up with what they see as inadequate responses to the city's mounting problems：record﹣breaking flooding， environmental and safety threats from cruise ship traffic and the burden on services from over﹣tourism．They feel largely left to their own devices， with ever﹣fewer Venetians living in the historic part of the city to（1）_______its interests and keep it from becoming mainly a tourist land．The historic flooding this week﹣﹣﹣marked by three floods over 1.5 meters （nearly 5 feet） and the highest in 53 years at 1.87 meters（6 feet， 1 inch）﹣﹣﹣has（2）_______calls to create an administration that recognizes the uniqueness of Venice， for both its concentration of treasures and its（3）_______vulnerability．Flood damage has been（4）_______estimated at hundreds of millions of Euros （dollars）， but the true range will only become clear with time． The frustration goes far beyond the failure to complete and（5）_______78 underwater barriers that were designed to prevent just the kind of damage that Venice has（6）_______this week． With the system not yet completed or even（7）_______tested after 16 years of work and 5 billion Euros （＄5.5 billion） invested， many are suspicious it will even work．At the public level， proposals for better administering the city including（8）_______some level of autonomy（自制） to Venice， already enjoyed by some Italian regions like Trentino﹣Alto﹣Adige with its German﹣speaking minority， or offering tax（9）_______to encourage Venice's repopulation．Just 53，000 people live in the historic part of the city that tourists know as Venice， down by a third from a generation ago and dropping by about 1，000 people a year． That means fewer people watching the neighborhood， monitoring for public maintenance（10）_______or neighbors in need． Many leave because of the increased expense or the daily difficulties in living in a city of canals， which can make even a simple errand a hard journey．III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Ecology is a complicated thing． Given the facts that elephant damage often kills trees and bush fires often kill trees, it would be（1）_______to assume that a combination of the two would make things worse． Contrary to this assumption, （2）_______, as the recently﹣published research by Benjamin Wigley shows, if a tree has already been damaged, fire can（3）_______help to make things better．One common way in which elephants harm trees is by stripping（剥） them of their bark（树皮）． Dr Wigley, who did indeed start from the obvious（4）_______, set off to find out how much worse bush fires would make the effects of this bark stripping． To serve this purpose, he set up a study in the Kruger National Park． Since 1954, the Kruger has been the site of experiments in which plots of land have been burned（5）_______, to understand the effects of fire on plain ecology． In these experiments, Dr Wigley looked at trees in three different zones, in one of which, the trees were burned every year; in the second, they were burned every other year, while the third zone, by contrast, was actively（6）_______fire． To keep things consistent, he looked at the fate of the same tree species, the marula（马鲁拉树）, in all three zones． He picked marulas because they are particular （7）_______of elephant activity． Their fruit are delicious, and prized by elephants and people alike． But elephants also seem to enjoy eating their bark． In July 2016 he and his colleagues identified 20 marulas in every zone and used special tools to（8）_______from each of them a circular section of bark 5 cm in diameter． Having imposed this damage, they（9）_______the wounds over the course of the following two years, to see what would happen． To their（10）_______, they discovered that the wounds of trees in fire zones recovered far better than those of trees that had seen no fires at all． Wounded trees in the annual burn zone re﹣grew 98% of their lost（11）_______during the two years of the study． Those living in the biennial（两年一次的） burn zone re﹣grew 92% of it． But those in the zone where fires were（12）_______re﹣grew only 72%．The researchers also found something else when they were measuring the trees' wounds: ants． Ten of the 20 trees in the fire﹣prevention zone developed ant colonies in their wounds． The ants in question were a species that is known to damage trees and is supposed to（13）_______tissue healing． By contrast, only five trees in thebiennial burn zone and three in the annual zone developed ants' nests in their wounds． It looks, therefore, as ifbush fires are treating trees' wounds by killing ants that might（14）_______colonize and damage them． Though such fires are surely harmful to healthy trees, it seems, in an example of two negatives making a positive, as if they are actually（15）_______to sick ones．（1）A.difficultB.reasonableC.necessaryD.awful（2）A.howeverB.thereforeC.furthermoreD.somehow（3）A.uniquelyB.barelyC.actuallyD.merely（4）A.phenomenonB.evidenceC.imaginationD.assumption（5）A.equallyB.regularlyC.severelyD.purposely（6）A.burnt withB.protected fromC.covered byD.exposed to（7）A.participantsB.partnersC.victimsD.friends（8）A.markB.removeC.hitD.measure（9）A.regulatedB.checkedC.healedD.monitored（10）A.disappointmentB.surpriseC.joyD.relief （11）A.vitalityB.heightC.barkD.strength（12）A.controlledB.preventedC.startedD.boosted（13）A.disturbB.promoteC.impactD.quicken（14）A.thereforeB.neverthelessC.thenD.otherwise（15）A.beneficialB.unbelievableC.effectiveD.cruelSection BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.There was something in the elderly woman's behavior that caught my eye． Although slow and unsure of step, the woman moved with deliberation, and there was no hesitation in her gestures． She was as good as anyone else, her movements suggested． And she ________．The elderly woman had walked into the store along with a younger woman who I guessed was her daughter． The daughter was displaying a serious case of impatience, rolling her eyes, huffing and sighing, checking her watch every few seconds． If she had possessed a belt, her mother would have been fastened to it as a means of dragging her along to keep step with the rush of other shoppers．The older woman detached from the younger one and began to glance over the DVDs on the nearest shelf． After the slightest hesitation, I walked over and asked if I could help her find something． The woman smiled up at me and showed me a title scrawled（潦草地写） on a crumpled piece of paper． The title was unusual and a bit unfamiliar． Clearly a person looking for it knew a little about movies, about quality．Rather than rushing off to locate the DVD for the woman, I asked her to walk with me so I could show her where she could find it． Looking back, I think I wanted to enjoy her company for a moment． Something about her deliberate movements reminded me of my own mother, who'd passed away the previous Christmas．As we walked along the back of the store, I narrated its floor plan: old television shows, actionmovies, cartoons, science fiction． The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation． We found the movie, and I complimented her on her choice． She smiled and told me it was one she'd enjoyed when she was her son's age and that she hoped he would enjoy it as much as she had． Maybe, she said with a hint of eagerness, he could enjoy it with his own young children． Then, reluctantly, I had to return the elderly woman to her keeper, who was still tapping her foot at the front of the store．I accompanied the older woman to the queue at the cash register and then stepped back and lingered near theyounger woman． When the older woman's turn in line came, she paid in cash, counting out the dollars and coins with the same sureness she'd displayed earl ier …（1）What does "she had a job to do" （Para． 1）mean according to the context？________A. She had a regular job in the store．B. She wanted to ask for help．C. She wanted to buy a DVD. She was thinking of what to buy．．（2）What does the title of the DVD reveal according to the shop assistant？________A. The elderly woman had some knowledge about movies．B. The elderly woman liked movies for young children．C. The elderly woman preferred movies her son liked．D. The elderly woman liked both old and new movies．．（3）While looking for the DVD with the old woman， the shop assistant was________．A. hesitantB. casualC. cautiousD. considerate．（4）What is the main purpose of this passage？________A. To describe what a movie nut is likeB. To remind readers to spending more time accompanying familyC. To stress the importance of company and understanding．D. To explore the key aspects of current parental﹣child relationship．As unpleasant emotions go, anxiety is the roughest． It's a vague, pit﹣of﹣the﹣stomach fear that sneaks up to you ﹣﹣ that unease you get when your boss says that she needs to talk to you right away, when the phone rings at 4: 00 a．m．, or when your dentist looks into your mouth and says "Hmm" for the third time．Lingering anxiety can keep you up at night, make you irritable, undermine your ability to concentrate, and ruin your appetite． And the constant state of readiness generated by anxiety﹣﹣﹣ adrenaline pumping, heart racing, palms sweating﹣﹣may contribute to high blood pressure and heart disease．How to prevent anxiety then?Meditate． Maybe you're just high﹣strung． If so, meditation（冥想） is worth a try． It cultivates a calmness that eases anxious feelings and offers a sense of control． A study at the University of Massachusetts found that volunteers who took an 8﹣week meditation course were considerably less anxious afterward． People who are high﹣strung find that they are dramatically calmer with 20 minutes of meditation in the morning and another 20 minutes after dinner．Jog, walk, swim, or cycle． If you can't make time for meditation, be sure to make time for regular exercise． Exercise can have the same calming effect as meditation, particularly if it's something repetitive like running or swimming laps．Treatment?Remember to breathe． When you're anxious, you tend to hold your breath or breathe too shallowly． That makes you feel more anxious． Breathing slowly and deeply can have a calming effect． To make sure that you're breathing correctly, place your hand on your diaphragm（横膈膜）, just below your rib cage（胸腔）． Feel it rise with each inhalation（吸气） and fall with each exhalation．Let's say you are anxious about your competence on the job． Ask yourself "What, in particular, am I afraid thatI'll mess up? " Maybe you're afraid that you get further behind and miss your deadlines． Or maybe you're worried that you're blowing it whenever you present your ideas in meetings． Are your worries founded? Have you had several near misses with deadlines? Are your suggestions routinely rejected? If not, the anxiety is needless． If there is a real problem, work on a solution: Pace yourself to better meet deadlines, or join a public speaking class．（1）Which of the following symptoms is NOT directly caused by anxiety？________A. Lower in concentration．B. No appetite．C. Heart racing．D. High blood pressure．．（2）According to the passage， what can be done to avoid anxiety？________A. Exercising regularly．B. Keeping breath steady．C. Breathing with the help of hands．D. Adjusting the pace of life．．（3）What is the last paragraph about？________A. Anxiety at work and its solutions．B. People's anxiety about their capabilities．C. The reason for someone's incompetence．D. The function of public speaking class．Archaeologists used DNA taken from a broken clay pipe stem found in Maryland to build a picture of an enslaved woman who died around 200 years ago and had origins in modern﹣day Sierra Leone． One researcher called the work "a mind﹣blower．""In this particular context, and from that time period, I think it's a first, " team member Hannes Schroeder told The Washington Post． "To be able to get DNA from an object like a pipe stem is quite exciting． Also it is excitingfor descendant（后裔）communities…Through this technology, they're able to make a connection not only to the site but potentially back to Africa．"The pipe stem was found at the Belvoir plantation in Crownsville, Maryland, where enslaved people lived until 1864 and where a likely slave cemetery was recently found． DNA taken from the pipe linked back to a womaneither directly from or descended from the Mende people, who lived in west Africa, in an area now part of Sierra． Julie Schablitsky, the chief archaeologist with the Maryland state highway administration, told The Post the discovery, based on saliva（唾液） absorbed into the clay pipe, was a "mind﹣blower"． She also said records show the existence of a slave trade route Sierra Leone to Annapolis, plied（定期往来） by British and American ships． "As soon as people stepped on those slave ships in Africa, " she said, "whether they were from Benin or whether they were from Sierra Leone, wherever they were from, that identity was lost． Their humanity is stripped from． Who they are as a people has gone．"The new analysis is part of ongoing research around Belvoir that has given descendants of the people enslaved there new insight into the lives of their ancestors． Speaking to The Post, Nancy Daniels, a genealogist from Laurel, Maryland, who thinks she is a descendant of enslaved families from Belvoir but was not linked to the research on the pipe, called the discovery "overwhelming．" "I'm sitting here about ready to cry, " she said． "I'm sorry． I'm so happy …Thank God for the DNA．"This year, events and ceremonies are being held to mark the 400th anniversary of the arrival of the first enslaved people in America, at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619． Slavery was effectively abandoned in the US on 1 January 1863, with the issue by Abraham Lincoln of the Emancipation Proclamation． It formally ended in December 1865, after the civil war, with the approval of the 13th amendment（修正案）．（1）What does the phrase "a mind﹣blower" in paragraphs 1 and 4 refer to？________A.A surpriseB.A confusionC.An excitementD.A fascination．（2）According to Hannes Schroeder， the pipe stem was of great significance because________．A.it was the first direct evidence that slaves living in Maryland were originally from Africa．B.it helped the archaeologists to draw a portrait of the enslaved woman．C.it might contribute to identifying the birthplace of the descendant communities．D.it contained genic clues to the ancestral background of its owner．．（3）What can be inferred from the passage？________A.The owner of the pipe once lived in what is now an area in west Africa．B.The history of slavery in America is an ongoing topic of concern．C.African slaves lost their identities when they arrived at the Belvoir plantation．D.Nancy Daniels， a genealogist was sorry for not being involved in the research．．（4）Which of the following is the best title for the passage？________A.DNA from an old pipe throws lights on the origins of the enslavedB.A new research reveals the origins of enslaved African womanC.The descendants of enslaved people seek their identitiesD.DNA contributes to the breakthrough of a new research．Section CDirections： After reading the passage below， choose the best answers from the six statements according to what you have just read.The price of a piece of historyA fresh lemon can be purchased for less than ＄1． But in 2008， Cowan's Auctions in Cincinnati sold a lemon blackened with age for ＄2，350．What was so special about this lemon？（1）________ According to a handwritten note in ink attached to a partly sealed bottle containing the lemon， the fruit was picked in May 1842 by Washington's "old gardener" some 43 years after the first president's deathTwo thousand dollars is a lot to pay for produce， even from the estate of a founding father． This sale， however，just might be considered a bargain compared with prices paid for other historical collectibles in recent years．（2）________Collecting a piece of history， or an object associated with a famous person， is not brand new． Ordinary objects with extraordinary stories have increasingly been coming to auction and achieving high prices， says Thomas Venning， director of Christie's department of books and manuscripts in London． Prices are being driven up， he says， by collectors in the U．S． and， increasingly， in Asia． The Hawking wheelchair， for example， was purchased by a private museum in China．（3）________ For one thing， their history of ownership is both crucial and sometimes difficult toprove． Photographs of the famous person with the object， as well as documentation （such as letters， diariesor recollections by acquaintances referring to the object） can also help．（4）________ To evaluate the value ofa Picasso painting， one can look at recent prices paid for other Picasso paintings of the same period， similar sizeor style． Finding another recent sale of a lemon planted by George Washington is a different matter．Katie Horstman， head of Cowan's American History department， says she could find no comparable items for the lemon as she prepared the piece for its auction． Ms． Horstman nevertheless eventually arrived at the estimated value at ＄3，000 to ＄4，000， she says， by researching auction records for objects somehow associated with Washington that had appeared on the market．Cowans ended up estimating the value of the lemon at ＄3，000 to ＄4，000， according to description on its website． Objects associated with Washington these days， Ms． Horstman says， can sell for anywhere from 1，000 up to tens of thousands of dollars．IV. Summary WritingDirections： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．Lower Oxygen Levels Threaten Marine LifeOxygen in the oceans is being lost at an alarming rate， with "dead zones" expanding rapidly and hundreds more areas showing oxygen dangerously exhausted， putting sharks， tuna， marlin and other large fish species at particular risk． Dead zones， where oxygen is effectively absent， have quadrupled（翻两番） in extent in thelast half﹣century， and there are also at least 700 areas where oxygen is at dangerously low levels， up from 45 when research was undertaken in the 1960s．The reasons behind this environmental collapse are multiple． Among all， pollutants generated by the industrial world have been the most destructive force to cause the unbalance， including a rising tide of plastic waste， aswell as other pollutants． Seas are about 26% more acidic than in pre﹣industrial times because of absorbing the excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere， according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change， with damaging impacts on shellfish in particular．Low oxygen levels are also associated with global heating， because the warmer water holds less oxygen and the heating causes stratification（分层）， so there is less of the vital mixing of oxygen﹣rich and oxygen﹣poor layers． Oceans are expected to lose about 3﹣4% of their oxygen by the end of this century， but the impact willbe much greater in the levels closest to the surface， where many species are concentrated， and in the mid tohigh latitudes．Another major cause for lower oxygen is intensive farming． When excess artificial fertilizer from crops， or wastes from the meat industry， runs off the land and into rivers and seas， it feeds algae（藻类） which bloom and then cause oxygen consumption as they die and decay．The problem of dead zones has been known about for decades， but little has been done to tackle it． Now is high time to take actions and help the oceans function better．V. TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.面对紧急情况时，他是多么的冷静啊！（How）________致力于保护濒临灭绝的海洋生物，人人有责．（commit）________看到挂满枝头鲜红嫩绿的果实，他们不禁心生欢喜．（can't help）________当政府开始号召人们进行垃圾分类时，人们才意识到这是迈向保护环境的重要一步．（Only）________VI. Guided WritingDirections： Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．随着移动网络的发展，各种手机APP应运而生，给我们的生活带来了极大便利，但许多同学也因此沉迷网络．现学生会发起一项清理手机APP的倡议，如果你只能从以下四个APPs：Wechat，Taobao，E﹣dictionary，Glory of Kings （mobile game）中保留两个，你会如何选择，并说明理由．参考答案与试题解析2021年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷II. Grammar and VocabularyDirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to makethe passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blankwith the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank. 1.【答案】has taken,those,could,To convey,fated,Despite,who,because,what,that【考点】说明文语法填空【解析】今年夏天，中国各大电影院出人意料地热映了一部讲述古老神话的电影《哪吒》．这部动画片票房已超过40亿元，成为中国有史以来最成功的电影之一．本文讲述了电影的制作过程以及导演想要表达的思想．【解答】（1）has taken．考查谓语动词．根据副词ever以及并列的谓语动词 become ，可知谓语动词用现在完成时态，和主语The animated film 一致，谓语动词has taken．（2）those．考查代词．代指animated films ，用those．（3）could．考查情态动词．本句表示"这是一种向自己证明自己能够改变命运、激励他人改变命运的方式"，所以和上半句时态一致，表示"能够"，用情态动词could．（4）To convey．考查动词不定式．做Yang made some changes to the original myth的目的状语，用动词不定式To convey．（5）fated．考查非谓语动词．做 Nezha was born a devil（恶魔）的状语，和主语Nezha构成被动关系，表示"被赋予…的命运"，用过去分词 fated．（6）Despite．考查介词．本句表示" 尽管古老的神话对好人和坏人的区别非常清楚，但在杨的电影中，所有的角色都受到了同情"，所以表示"尽管"，修饰短语the ancient myth being very clear about the differences between the good and the bad guys，用介词Despite．（7）who．考查定语从句．代指先行词the "bad" people ，做非限制性定语从句 have the potential to change and become good的主语，用关系词who．（8）because．考查连词．本句表示"虽然有些人因为不够成熟而行为不端，还有些人在心情不好的时候却会制造麻烦和不合作．"，所以引导原因状语从句they were not mature enough，用连词because．（9）what．考查感叹句．修饰以名词a terrific， entertaining film开头的感叹句it is，用what．（10）that．考查同位语从句．说明名词 an important lesson 的内容，引导结构和含义完整的同位语从句we should not judge ourselves or others too harshly，用that．Section BDirection： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.【答案】B,E,A,K,J,G,C,H,F,I【考点】选词填空【解析】本文讲述遭受洪水袭击的威尼斯人口减少，面临越来越多的问题．【解答】（1） B，考查句意，根据句意"他们觉得基本上只能靠自己的手段，越来越少的威尼斯人居住在这个城市的历史地段，以维护它的利益，并防止它成为一个主要的旅游地 "，可知要填的词为"defend 保卫 "．（2） E，考查句意，根据句意" 最高水位为53年来的（3）87米（6英尺，1英寸），强烈要求建立一个政府，"，可知要填的词为" sharpened 加强"．（4） A，考查句意，根据句意"），强烈要求建立一个政府，承认威尼斯的独特性，因为它的珍宝集中，脆弱性不断增加 "，可知要填的词为"increasing 增加的"．（5） K，考查句意，根据句意" 洪水造成的损失粗略估计为数亿欧元，但真正的范围只会随着时间的推移而变得清晰"，可知要填的词为" roughly粗略地"．（6） J，考查句意，根据句意" 挫败感远远超过了未能完成并激活78个水下屏障，这些屏障旨在防止威尼斯本周遭受的那种破坏"，可知要填的词为" activate激活"．（7） G，考查句意，根据句意" 挫败感远远超过了未能完成并激活78个水下屏障，这些屏障旨在防止威尼斯本周遭受的那种破坏 "，可知要填的词为" endured 忍受"．（8） C，考查句意，根据句意"由于该系统经过16年的工作和50亿欧元（55亿美元）的投资，该系统还没有完成甚至部分测试，许多人怀疑它甚至还能工作 "，可知要填的词为"partially 部分地 "．（9） H，考查句意，根据句意" 在公共层面，改善城市管理的提议，包括授予威尼斯一定程度的自治权"，可知要填的词为" granting授予"．（10） F，考查句意，根据句意"或者提供税收减免来鼓励威尼斯的人口重新增长"，可知要填的词为"breaks暂停"．（11） I，考查句意，根据句意" 这意味着看护邻居、监控公共维修问题或有需要的邻居的人会减少"，可知要填的词为"issues问题 "．III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.【答案】BACDBBCBDBCBADA【考点】社会文化【解析】生态是一个复杂的东西．鉴于大象的破坏以及丛林大火经常会导致树木死亡的事实，我们有理由推论两者的结合会让事情变得更加糟糕．作者结合了最近的研究进行了分析．【解答】（1）B．形容词辨析．根据句意可知，我们有理由推论两者的结合会让事情变得更加糟糕．difficult困难的；reasonable合理的，公道的，有理由的；necessary必要的；awful可怕的．故选B．（2）A．连词辨析．此处意为"然而，本杰明•威格利的一项最新研究表明，如果一棵树木已经遭到毁坏，火其实可以帮助事情变得更好．"however然而，可是；therefore因此；furthermore此外；somehow以某种方法．故选A．（3）C．副词辨析．根据句意，如果一棵树木已经遭到毁坏，火其实可以帮助事情变得更好．uniquely 独特地；barely 仅仅，勉强；actually实际上，其实；merely 仅仅，只不过．故选C．（4）D．名词辨析．phenomenon现象；奇迹；evidence证据，证明；imagination想象力；assumption假设．此处意为：威格利博士确实是从一个明显的假设开始的．故选D．（5）B．副词辨析．根据句意，自1954年起，克鲁格一直都是实验的试点，在这些实验中，研究人员每隔一段时间就焚烧一小块土地．equally同样地；regularly定期地；severely严重地；purposely故意地．故选B．（6）B．词组辨析．此处意为"而第三个区域的植被则被积极地保护起来不受大火灼烧．"burnt with与…一起燃烧；protected from保护……免受；covered by被…覆盖；exposed to暴露于．故选B．（7）C．名词辨析．他选择马鲁拉树是因为它们是大象活动的特殊受害者．participants参与者；partners伙伴；victims受害者，牺牲者；friends朋友．故选C．（8）B．动词辨析．根据句意，2016年7月，他和他的同事在每个区域内确认了20棵马鲁拉树并用锤子和土壤去心器从每棵树上取下直径5厘米的圆形树皮．mark标志；remove移动，迁移；hit打击；measure测量．故选B．（9）D．动词辨析．此处意为：在造成这种破坏之后，他们在接下来的两年里对伤口进行了监测，看看会发生什么．regulated调节，规定；checked检查；核实；healed治愈，痊愈；monitored监控，监测．故选D．（10）B．名词辨析．根据句意可知，让他们惊讶的是，他们发现火灾区树木的伤口恢复得比那些没经历过火灾的树木要快．disappointment失望；surprise惊奇，诧异；joy欢乐，快乐；relief安慰；故选B．（11）C．名词辨析．根据句意可知，在两年的研究中，年度火灾区中的受伤树木98%的树皮都重新长了出来．vitality活力，生气；height高度；bark树皮；strength力量．故选C．（12）B．动词辨析．根据句意，那些两年一次火灾区中的树木的树皮重生了92%．但防火区的树木仅生长出了72%．controlled控制，约束；prevented阻止，避免；started出发；boosted促进；增加；故选B．（13）A．动词辨析．此处意为：这些蚂蚁是一种已知的会损害树木的物种，据推测会损害组织愈合．disturb打扰；妨碍；promote促进；提升；impact对…产生影响；quicken加快．故选A．（14）D．连词辨析．根据句意可知，因此，似乎丛林大火是在通过杀死可能感染树木的蚂蚁来烧灼树木的伤口．therefore因此；nevertheless然而，不过；then然后；otherwise否则；另外；故选D．（15）A．形容词辨析．此处意为：但在这个负负得正的例子中，似乎它们实际上对生病的树木是有益的．beneficial有益的，有利的；unbelievable难以置信的；effective有效的，起作用的；cruel残酷的，残忍的；故选A．Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questionsor unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.【答案】CADC【考点】社会文化类阅读议论文阅读【解析】本文介绍作者在商店做售货员的时候，遇到一个老太太和女儿一起买DVD，老人的女儿不耐烦，作者耐心地陪伴老人选择DVD，老人很开心．【解答】（1）C．句意理解题．根据文章第三段的句子 The older woman detached from the younger one and began to glance over the DVDs on the nearest shelf．可知，指的是她想买一张DVD．故选C．（2）A．细节理解题．根据文章第三段的The title was unusual and a bit unfamiliar． Clearly a person looking for it knew a little about movies， about quality．可知，据店员说，DVD的标题显示这位老太太对电影有些了解．故选A．（3）D．细节理解题．根据文章第四段的句子Rather than rushing off to locate the DVD for the woman， I asked her to walk with me so I could show her where she could find it．可知，在和老太太一起找DVD时，店员考虑周到．故选D．（4）C．主旨大意题，根据文章第五段的句子The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation．可知，本文的主要目的是强调陪伴与理解的重要性．故选C．【答案】DAA【考点】说明文阅读科教类阅读【解析】本文是一篇健康环保类阅读，文章主要介绍了有关焦虑的缓解方法．【解答】（1） D．细节理解题．根据第二段" And the constant state of readiness generated by anxiety﹣﹣adrenaline pumping， heart racing， palms sweating﹣﹣may contribute to high blood pressure and heart disease．而由焦虑产生的持续的准备状态﹣﹣肾上腺素激增、心跳加速、手心出汗﹣﹣可能会导致高血压和心脏病"．可知高血压不是由焦虑直接引起的．故选D．（2） A 细节理解题．根据" Jog，walk， swim， or cycle． If you can't make time for meditation， be sure to make time for regular exercise． Exercise can have the same calming effect as meditation， particularly if it's something repetitive like running or swimming laps．慢跑、散步、游泳或骑自行车．如果你不能腾出时间冥想，一定要腾出时间经常锻炼．锻炼可以和冥想有同样的镇静效果，特别是如果它是重复性的，如跑步或游泳圈．"可知锻炼能够避免压力．故选A．（3） A 段落大意题．阅读最后一段"Let's say you are anxious about your competence on the job． Ask yourself。
2021年上海奉贤区光明学校高三英语上学期期末试卷及答案
2021年上海奉贤区光明学校高三英语上学期期末试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWhat good films are coming out in March? Here are four films to watch this March.MulanIt’s another live-action remake of a classic Disney cartoon. It is based on an ancient Chinese girl who dresses up herself as a man so that she can join the army.Director Niki Caro and the actors show us wonderful battle scenes and Chinese Kung Fu.OnwardDragons, unicorns (独角兽) and other creatures are usually considered to only exist in ancient Greece, but in Onward, they are all still alive and kicking in the UStoday. Onward is about two brothers who go on a road trip in order to bring their father back from the dead. It is such a perfect film that it’s worth spending a few hours in the cinema.RadioactiveRadioactive tells us about a famous Polish-French scientist, Marie Curie who won the Nobel Prize twice but was finally killed by the radiation she studied. In the film. Curie is played by Rosamund Pike alongside Sam Riley as her husband Pierre Curie and Anya Taylor-Joy as their daughter Irene.MisbehaviorThe Miss World Beauty Contest may be out of fashion, but it used to be one of television’s biggest events.Misbehaviortells what happened when the event was staged at the Royal Albert hall in London in 1970. There could hardly be a more interesting topic for a film, even if it was set 50 years ago.1. What do we know about Onward?A. It praises a woman fighter.B. It is a Chinese story.C. It focuses on animal protection.D. It is a film about magic.2. Who does Rosamund Pike play?A. A soldier.B. A killer.C. A scientist.D. A designer.3. Which of the following films is set in the UK?A. Misbehavior.B. Onward.C. Radioactive.D. Mulan.BMore than 10,000 people were made homeless in Ternang when the Sungai Mas overflowed its banks yesterday after six days of continuous heavy rain.The wooden bridge across the river has been washed away. The town is cut off by flood waters. At the fifth mile, Jalan Tengkn, the water is two meters deep. It is closed to all traffic. Flooding first happened at mid-afternoon yesterday along the river banks. People trying to get to higher ground were just in time to escape the destroying of the flood. Most of the flood victims(受害者) had to leave all their things behind.The National Flood Relief(救济) Center was reported to give its help and by early evening the whole town was moved out, helped by the army, police, Red Cross Society and volunteers(志愿者).The flood victims are now housed in different simple relief centers in the nearby town of Ternang. “Everything possible is being done to help the unlucky people,” a government spokesman said, “In fact, money, food and clothing have begun to come in from public organizations and helpful people. A Disaster Relief Fund(救灾基金会) will be started as soon as possible.”According to the latest reports it is still raining heavily at Ternang. The whole town is expected to be wholly covered by the water. So far no deaths have been reported.4. This passage is probably taken from______.A. a storybookB. a textbookC. a magazineD. a newspaper5. It seems that the flood happened just because ______.A. the banks were too lowB. the wooden bridge is solid (坚固)C. the river was too narrowD. they had had wet days for some time6.From the passage we know that ______.A. though the town was flooded, you could still go there by busB. as soon as the water flowed over the banks, people began to go to higher landsC. the government and the whole society are taking great care of the flood victimsD. the flood hasn't brought a large loss to the town as nobody died in the flood7. What is the best title for this passage?A. A Big FloodB. Ternang Is destroyedC. Over 10,000 People Are HomelessD. Rescue Team ArrivedCChimps use loud calls and gestures to make their feelings known but until now, the exact meaning for individual movements has remained a mystery. Now researchers believe they have translated the key gestures used in the chimp community and identified their intentions for the first time.From 4,351 gestures, experts were able to identify 66 that are used for 19 specific message meanings, including showing a foot to tell a child they can climb on their back. The researchers were able to narrow down these 66 gestures to 36 that are used intentionally to achieve 15 purposes. The translations were made by Dr Catherine Hobaiter and her colleagues at St Andrews University in Scotland.Dr Hobaiter used behavior sampling and filmed all recorded cases of gestural communication. Other gestures include stomping their feet to ask another chimp to stop what they are doing, and slapping objects together to ask another to follow them. Of the 19 meanings,17 encouraged interactions to start, or to develop, such as “move closer,” and “change play”. Some of the gestures were found to have more than one meaning. and only 10 of the 66 gestures were used for only a single meaning.Researchers collected a total of 471 video clips from two social groups of chimps at a shelter near Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. As well as identifying what the gesture means, they also discovered the technique needed to increase the chances of success.“Human children use gestures to communicate before they produce their first words, and their earliest gestures typically appear around 10 months of age,” explained the researchers. “In great apes, there is good evidence that language-trained individuals are capable of acquiring and understanding signals, but this is far less clear in their natural communication. ”8. Chimps slap the objects to____________.A. tell others to stop what they are doingB. ask others chimps to join themC. gather other chimps to move closerD. encourage interactions to start9. What did researchers find after studying 471 video clips?A. Chimps trained in language are good at understanding signals.B. Two social groups of chimps live at a shelter near Kinshasa.C. Language-trained individuals do well in natural communication.D. Chimps’earliest gestures appear around 10 months of age.10. How is the last paragraph developed?A. By analyzing causes.B. By examining differences.C By making comparisons. D. By following time order.11. What can be a suitable title for the text?A A New Research on Chimps B. Human Children and ChimpsC. Getting the Chimps Trained for LanguageD. Translating the Sign Language of ChimpsDBeing a teacher is a rewarding career when it comes to changing lives, but it’s obviously one that comes with plenty of stresses and difficulties too.Seeking help for a child who is so obviously in need isn’t easy. Often, you feel ignored by the government. You feel upset that there isn’t anything you could personally do to help a needy and sensitive member of your class.That’s exactly how Chelsea Haley, aged 24 at the time, felt when she met fourth-grade student Jerome Robinson while working for Teach forAmericainLouisianafor the first time.The pair didn’t get off to the best start, with Jerome, the “problem child”, almost drivingChelseafrom teaching. But whenChelseaput her foot down and became determined to work more closely with Jerome, she learned the cause of his rude behavior: a bad home situation.Chelseawas eager to help Jerome, and realized that he needed more than just academic support.By 2016, a year after meeting him, Chelsea had adopted (收养) Jerome and his brother Jace.Adopting a child doesn’t come cheap, andChelseaspent all the money in her bank to see the process through.In her first few years of raising the boys, she lived on credit cards and postponed her student loan.AsChelsealived with her two adopted sons, she worked hard to repay her debts. She took on extra tutoring jobs outside of school hours, moved in with her parents, and even delivered groceries for cash. Along the way, she was learning how to be the best mom to Jerome and Jace, cooking for them and cheering them on at football matches.And now, just five years later,Chelseacan proudly say that she has paid off nearly $50, 000 of debt. Now that she’s finally out of debt,Chelseahas plans to buy a house and save up for the boys’ college education.“It allows me to focus on the boys’ future,” she said. “Saving money for them, and not spending it on my past.”12. What do we know from paragraph 4?A. Jerome’s family was less fortunate.B. The brothers were in the same class.C. When helping Jerome,Chelseafelt hopeless.D.Chelseagot along well with Jerome from the very start.13. What didChelseado to pay off her debts?A. Borrow money from her parents.B. Do part-time jobs.C. Train students to play football.D. Cook for customers.14. How old wasChelseawhen she paid off nearly all of her debts?A. 24.B. 28.C. 29.D. 30.15. Which of the following can best describeChelsea?A. Lucky and lovely.B. Sensitive and ambitious.C. Selfless and determined.D. Warmhearted and strict.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2021届上海市奉贤区五四学校高三英语一模试题及答案
2021届上海市奉贤区五四学校高三英语一模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AAre you looking for some new and exciting places to take your kids to? Try some of these places.★Visit art museums.They offer a variety of activities to excite your kids' interest. Many offer workshops for making hand-made pieces, traveling exhibits, book signings by children's favorite writer, and even musical performances and other arts.★Head to a natural history museum.This is where kids can discover the past from dinosaur(恐龙) models to rock collections and pictures of stars in the sky. Also, ask what kind of workshops and educational programs are prepared for kids and any special events that are coming up.★Go to a Youtheater.Look for one in your area offering plays for child and family visitors.Pre-show play shops are conducted by area artists and educators where kids can discover the secret about performing arts Puppet(木偶)making and stage make-up are just a couple of the special offerings you might find.★Tryhands-on science.Visit one of the many hands-on science museums aroundthe country.These science play-lands are great fun for kids and grown-ups alike. They'll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons, experimenting, and building. When everyone is tired, enjoy a fun family science show, commonly found in these museums.1.If a child is interested in the universe, he probably will visit _____.A.a YoutheaterB.an art museumC.a hands-on science museumD.a natural history museum2.What does "hands-on science" mean in the last paragraph?A.Science games designed by kids.B.Learning science by doing things.C.A show of kids' science work.D.Reading science books.3.Where does this text probably come from?A.A museum guide.B.A tourist map.C.A science textbook.D.A news report.BImaginary friends in childhood refer to the invisible beings that a child gives a personality to and plays withfor over three months.Crabbycrab（蟹）appeared on a holiday in Norway by running out of my four-year-old son Fisher's ear after a night of tears from an earache. Like other childhood imaginary friends, Crabby should be a sign thatFisher's mind is growing and developing positively. Indeed, research shows that imaginary friends can help develop children's social skills.Research has shown that the positive effects of having imaginary friends as a child continue into adulthood. Adolescents who remember their imaginary playmates have been found to use more activecoping（应对）styles, such as seeking advice from loved ones rather than bottle things up inside. Even adolescents with behavioral problems who had imaginary friends as children have been found to have better coping skills through the teenage years.Scientists thinkthis could be because these teens have been able to adjust themselves to the social world with imagination rather than choose to be involved in relationships with more difficult classmates. It could also be because the imaginary friends help to reduce these adolescents,loneliness.These teens are also more likely to seek out social connections -they tend to turn to others for advice. Current research by Tori Watson is taking this evidence and looking at how adolescents who have imaginary friends as children deal withbullying（欺凌）at school. It is found that teens who remember their imaginary friends are better at dealing with bullying.While we know a lot about childhood imaginary friends such as Crabby Crab and the positive effects they can have, there is still a lot to learn about imaginary friends.4. What is Crabby crab?A. It is a crab Fisher caught inNorway.B. It is Fisher's imaginary friend.C. It is a toy Fisher like much.D. It is a cause of earache.5. Why do children with imaginary friends have better coping skills?A. Imaginary friends help improve their adjustment.B. Having imaginary friends makes them smarter.C. They have rich imagination.D. They are no longer alone.6. What will a child with imaginary friends probably do if he is bullied?A. Escape from the bully.B. Fight with the bully bravely.C. Keep silent about being bullied.D. Ask a parent or a teacher for help.7. What is the author's attitude towards the effect of imaginary friends?A. Concerned.B. Doubtful.C. Optimistic.D. Indifferent.CJapan is known to have higher than average rates of stomach cancer. Recently, the town of Kaneyama in Yamagata Prefecture decided to get its 6, 000 residents (居民) tested.However, the frozen urine samples (尿样) are not tested in conventional ways. Instead, Professor Masao Miyashita and his team are using them in a trial to determine if specially trained cancer-sniffing dogs can accurately detect the disease. Though the study is still in its early stages, Miyashita is thrilled with the results. He said, “In our research so far, cancer detection dogs have been able to find signs of cancer with an accuracy of nearly 100 percent.”Researchers have known about the animals’ superior sensory skills for decades. However, their ability to detect cancer in humans came to light in 1989, after a dog sniffed out early-stage malignant melanoma (恶性黑色素瘤) on a patient’s leg in London. Since then, scientists from many countries have conducted studies to test dogs’ great skill at identifying cancer chemicals.While most dogs can be trained for the task researchers say the best candidates are dogs that are precise, quiet, and perhaps even a little shy. The training process is similar to how dogs are taught to learn any trick — by rewarding them with treats! However, it takes much longer because the dogs have to learn to separate the “cancer scent (气味)”from the thousands of organic compounds (有机化合物) in the human body. Researchers begin by exposing the dogs to urine samples from people with cancer, people with other diseases, and patients with no health issues, Once the dogs are able to accurately identify cancer, they are further trained to detect particular kinds of cancer.Successful as they may be, experts think dogs are unlikely to replace conventional tests. For one, it takes about seven years and costs as much as $45,000 to train a single dog. Klaus Hackner, a researcher and physician who studies dogs detecting cancer in breath samples at Krems University Hospital in Austria, is also not convinced dogs can be relied upon alone. Patients, therefore, have to receive further tests to confirm if they have thedisease.8. What do we know about the cancer-sniffing dogs mentioned in Paragraph 2?A. They have done a great job.B. They are trained in a special way.C. They can easily learn to distinguish cancer.D. They can be seen in many Japanese hospitals.9. What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3?A. Offer readers some advice.B. Add some background information.C. Summarize the previous paragraphs.D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.10. What kind of dog is suitable for the cancer-sniffing job?A. Smart and brave.B. Active and faithful.C. Strong and patient.D. Careful and peaceful.11. What is Klaus Hackner’s opinion on cancer-sniffing dogs?A. They should work as a team.B. They need to receive more training.C. They can replace doctors in detecting cancer.D. They should be used together with traditional tests.DThe outbreak of the novel corona virus pneumonia (NCP) has disrupted the lives and work of nearly every Chinese person. However, a new trend has been on the rise: many have turned themselves into livestreaming users orfollowers.According to Questmobile, a professional big data intelligence services provider in China, the audience for Douyin, Kuaishou and other livestreaming platforms surged to 574 million during the Spring Festival holiday, up 35 percent from 2019.Confined at home, away from their friends and loved ones, people turn to livestreaming to reach out to the world. For them livestreaming can help them share their lives and interest with a global audience, which will give them the sense of being “in the moment”. Even as viewers, they can also engage immediately with livestreamers by commenting and making suggestions.“When I comment on the livestreaming videos, I’m not simply an audience member, but also an active part of the program. That gives me a sense of engagement,” an Internet user named Wang Hao told People’s Daily.Livestreaming is not only for fun, but also a new tool for many businesses. Affected by the pandemic, many businesses had to stop their sales in physical stores. To meet their business goals and survive during these trying times, many chose to livestream to revive their businesses.Joyoung, a leading maker of small kitchen appliances, is a good example. The company not only added a number of broadcasts each day to advertise their products, but also shared the menus that were beneficial to health. “The responses to our livestreaming shows have been well beyond expectations,” Kang Li, who oversees the company’s livestreaming unit, told China daily. “It’s a natural opportunity to truly bond with our followers.”Like it or not, livestreaming is likely to go mainstream in China for both entertainment and business.12. What is the purpose of writing the second paragraph?A. To introduce some popular livestreaming platforms in China.B. To report data on the development of livestreaming in 2019.C. To show that Chinese people spend too much time on livestreaming apps.D. To prove that livestreaming are becoming increasingly popular in China.13. What does Wang Hao think of commenting on livestreaming?A. It is boring to make comments.B. It is the only way to share viewers’ lives.C. It makes people feel involved in the stream.D. It helps livestreamers improve themselves.14. What do paragraphs 5&6 mainly talk about?A. Livestreaming replaced physical stores in many areas.B. Many businesses turned to livestreaming platform for marketing.C. Livestreaming platforms faced challenges during the pandemic.D. Livestreaming platforms made changes to their services.15. How does the author feel about thefuture of livestreaming？A. Positive.B. Uncertain.C. Disappointed.D. Confused.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
上海市浦东新区2021届高三一模英语试卷(含答案)
上海市浦东新区2021届高三一模英语试卷(完卷时间：120分钟满分：140分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conver sations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.$20. B.$32. C.$40. D.$60.2.A.Tailor and customer. B.Hairdresser and customer.C.Husband and wife.D.Housekeeper and host.3.A.At a hospital. B.At a restaurant.C.At a handicraft shop.D.At a grocery store.4.A. The woman mistook someone else for Smith.B. The man promised to meet Smith in Shanghai.C. The lecture was given by Mr. Smith just now.D. Smith would come to attend the lecture next Friday.5.A. She will go to see the play with the man.B. She has no interest in this play.C. She will attend a wedding ceremony with her sister.D. She has no time to keep the man company.6.A. The man misunderstood what the sign said.B. The man bought the cigarette for free.C. The sign allows people to smoke in the room.D. The tan annoyed the woman purposely.7.A. The slow delivery. B. The poor customer service.C. The broken parcel.D. The possible discount.8.A. He worked last night.B. He was recovering from his jet lag.C. He had some difficulty in falling asleep.D. He was knocked down by the car.9.A. The man doesn't agree with the woman's idea.B. The woman never takes the responsibility of supporting the home.C. The man suggests that the woman is lazy in house keeping.D. The woman is busy with her work so that she neglects the family.10.A. They are talking about football.B. The school soccer team has been set up.C. The man doesn't want to be a substitute.D. The woman is persuading the man to join a club.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passage and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passage and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. Because Jobs suffered from the cancer.B. Because Jobs himself kept quiet about that.C. Because he was not rich enough to donate money.D. Because his wife prevented the public from knowing that.12.A. The update of smartphones.B. The development of medicine.C. The building of Apple's headquarters.D. Some Tech companies in California.13.A. Mean. B. Creative. C. Charitable. D. Rich. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A.It can identify different flowers through its built-in sensors.B.It can record various smells digitally and reproduce them.C.It can make sweet smells by mixing flowers with vapour.D.It can create smells and give them off to any scene.15.A.It helps shoppers locate the right brand of perfume.B.It helps shoppers check out the perfumes before they buy.C.It helps make sure that perfumes are truly genuine.D.It can recommend right perfumes to shoppers.16.A.The device is made small enough to be easily carried.B.The device is sensitive to any smell the human nose can detectC.Smells are programmed to accompany movie scenes.D.The device has recreated the smells of fish and gasoline.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17.A. Because he didn't have her number.B. Because he thought it was unnecessary.C. Because he wished his luggage would be found soon.D. Because he had to attend a business meeting.18.A. His flight number and arrival time.B. The cause of the flight's late arrival.C. The number of his luggage check.D. The description of his luggage.19.A. On the plane ticket.B. At the information desk.C. At the check-in counter.D. From the record of his flight.20.A.Missing luggage is unlikely o be found.B.There are important documents in his luggage.C.It is possible for the man to get his luggage today.D.The man thinks it is difficult to find his baggage.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Since astronomers confirmed the presence of planets beyond our solar system, called exoplanets, humans (21) __________ (wonder) how many could harbor life.Now, we’re one step closer to (22) __________ (find) an answer. According to the Kepler space telescope,about half the stars similar in temperature (23) __________ our Sun could have a rocky planet capable of supporting liquid water on its surface.Our galaxy holds at least an (24) __________ (estimate) 300 million of these potentially habitable worlds, based on even the most conservative interpretation of the results in anew study to be published in The Astronomical Journal.This research helps us understand the potential for these planets (25) __________ (support) life. This is an essential part of astrobiology, the study of life’s origins and future in our universe.The study is authored by NASA scientists (26) __________ worked on the Kepler mission alongside collaborators from around the world. NASA retired the space telescope in 2018after it ran out of fuel. Nine years of the telescope’s observations revealed that there are billions of planets in our galaxy--more planets than stars.(27) __________ this result is far from a final value, it’s extremely exciting that we c alculated that these worlds are this common with such high confidence.That’s a wide range of different stars, each with (28) __________ own particular properties impacting whether the rocky planets in its orbit are capable of supporting liquid water.These complexities are partly why it is so difficult to calculate how many potentially habitable planets are out there, especially when even our (29) __________(powerful) telescopes can just barely detect these small planets. That’s __________ (30) the research team took a new approach.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. benefitsB.attractC. engagementD. trackE.measuringF. committedG.promoting H.rewards I. motivated J. seeking K.satisfactionWork is necessary to earn an income, and if you get good job (31) _________, it’s a bonus! But what can make it more worthwhile are the extra perks (工资外的补贴) that your employer offers you as a reward for your loyalty and commitment.Employee (32) _________ are commonplace these days. Traditionally, these have included a good pension and extra days off work. But when a job used to be for life, there wasn’t much incentive to try and keep staff. Now when millennials are (33) _________ a position, they want to know the benefits they’ll get on top of their pay.But these perks come at a cost to an employer, and now technology is being used to discover if and when they offer value for money. The idea aims to enable a company to tailor what it can offer to (34) _________ and retain the right staff.As an example, at merchant bank, Close Brothers, AI has been used to develop chatbots that can help employees to find information on subjects ranging from mental health to saving for retirement at any time. And Microsoft has developed software to help businesses (35)_________ their employee’s well-being needs. Anna Rasmussen, founder of Open Blend, told the BBC “It shows companies what their employees need to stay (36) _________ and reach their full potential in real-time.” Insurance company Vitality offer wearable technology to track employees’ movements.Staff can earn ‘(37) _________’ by having their activity tracked. A study found that by (38)_________ participant’s performance, they did the equivalent of 4.8 extra days of activity per month.It seems that if used in the right way, technology can provide greater (39) _________ between an employee and the company. That can lead to a happier, healthier and (40) _________ work force. But human resources experts warn against relying solely on tech for deciding on employee benefits provision, they say.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Racial Discrimination in ScienceYou might expect that science,particularly American science, would be colour-blind. Once someone from the country’s ethnic minorities has got bench space in a laboratory, he might reasonably (41) _________ to be treated on merit (功绩) and nothing else.(42) _________, a study just published in Science by Donna Ginther of the University of Kansas sugges ts that is not true. Dr Ginther, who was working (43) _________ America’s National Institutes of Health (NIH), found that (44) _________ matters a lot.Moreover, it is not just a question of white supremacy. Asian and Hispanic scientists do just as well as white ones. Black scientists, (45) _________, do badly.One possible explanation is that review panels are inferring applicants’ ethnic (46) _________ from their names, or the institutions they attended as students. Consciously or not,the reviewers may then be awarding less merit to those from people with“black-sounding” names, or who we re educated at universities whose students are predominantly black. Indeed, a(n) (47) _________bias has been found in those recruiting for jobs in the commercial world. One well-known study, published in 2003 by researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of Chicago, found that fictitious CVs (简历) with stereo typically white names elicited 50% more (48) _________ of interviews than did CVs with black names, even when the applicants’ stated (49) _________ were identical.Another possible explanation is social (50) _________: It is in the nature of groups of experts(which isprecisely what peer-review panels are) to know both each other and each o ther’s most promising acolytes. Applicants outside this charmed circle might have less chance of (51) _________ consideration. If the charmed circle itself were racially unrepresentative, those (52) _________ from the network because their racial group was under-represented in the first place would find it harder to break in.Though Dr Ginther’s results are (53) _________, it is to the NIH’s credit that it has published her findings. The agency is also starting a programme intended to alter the (54)_________ of the review panels to see whether excising potential racial cues from applications changes outcomes. Other agencies, and not just in America, should pay strict attention to all this, and ask themselves if they, too, are (55)_________ people of particular races. Such discrimination is not only disgraceful, but also a stupid waste of talent!41. A. expect B.cooperate C. decide D.challenge42.A. Similarly B.Evidently C.Unfortunately D. Undoubtedly43.A. in favour of B. on behalf of C. in honor of D. in the name of44.A. health B.nationality C. gender D.race45.A. however B. otherwise C. therefore D. meanwhile46.A. divisions B.customs C.origins D. designs47.A. unknown B. similar C. Obvious D. strong48.A. feedback B.types C. elements D.offers49.A. qualifications B. interviews C. names D. researches50.A. security B.status working D. order51.A. moral B. favourable C. casual D.minor52.A. excluded B. installed C. downloaded D. restored53.A. positive B.conclusive C.troubling D. encouraging54.A. position B.subject C. prospect position55. A. reminding B.employing C. informing D.failingSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)At the 4th Street Photo Gallery on the comer of the Bowery, many photos are strung together like clothes on a laundry line. There are portraits of Muhammad Ali and Jean-Michel Basquiat, plus a series of cityscapes detailedly captured over 60 years by Alex Harsley, a neglected but talented New York photographer.The city has been Mr Harsley's home since 1948, when, aged ten, he moved there from South Carolina. He took his first photograph ten years later, and became the first black photographer to work for the city's district attorney's office. His vivid pictures freeze moments in New York's evolution from the 1950s to the present, “It could start with the smell of someth ing burning/' he says of his method. "And then you see a family sitting on the steps of a funeral home sadly looking at the firemen going through their routine.”Some of the scenes in the collection were captured from the window of his old apartment in Harlem; they include images of black activists, streets submerged in snow and shots of the Crown Heights riots of 1991. A.D. Coleman, a photography critic, says Mr. Harsley has been able to capture the lives of minority groups by making himself “invisible”. His aim has been to assemble these fragments(片段) into an extended history of the city.Mr. Harsley's gallery is a time capsule. For decades, it is also a hub for the city's artistic underworld. In the 1970s New York's photography scene was flourishing, but exclusive. As Mr. Harsley puts it, “a numb er of great artists were swept aside” because they lacked connections. Helping talent became part of his mission. In 1971 he established The Minority Photographers, an organization that helps up-and-coming artists exhibit their work. He opened his gallery two years later; many photographers have had their first shows there.56. How does the author describe Alex Harsley in the first paragraph?A. undervalued but expertB. gifted but exclusiveC. unknown but devotedD. gifted but awkward57. What does the underlined sentence mean?A. His pictures show freezing weather in New York from the 1950s to the present.B. His pictures capture the cheerful moments in New York since the 1950s.C. His pictures record some historic occasions of New York over the past decades.D. His pictures illustrate the vivid lives of minority groups in New York over the past decades.58. Why does Mr. Harsley make himself "invisible"?A. To assemble the minority groups of the city.B. To highlight the lives of minority groups.C. To help promising artists attract more public attention.D. To build connections between the minority groups and himself.59. How did Mr. Harsley help the other artists?A.He excluded those who looked down upon the unknown artists.B. He set an organization displaying their works.C. He established the connections between up-and-coming artists and famous ones.D. He reduced the rents of the gallery where their photography works were shown.(B)TROUBLESHOOTINGFor possible malfunctions as described below, please contact Customer Services at 1-800-2020-123 PROBLEM POSSIBLE CAUSE SOLUTIONThe coffee is not hot. • The cups were not preheated. • Warm the cups by rinsing themwith hot water (N.B. you can usethe hot water function).Coffee does not come out ofthe spouts.• The spouts are blocked. • Clean the spouts wi th a toothpick.The coffee does not come out of the spouts, but from around the service door. • The holes in the spouts areclogged with dry coffee dust.• The coffee guide in side theservice door is blocked and cannotswing.• Clean the spouts with a t oothpick,sponge or hard bristled kitchenbrush.•Thoroughly clean the coffeeguide,particularly near the hinges.The frothed milk has large bubbles. • The milk is not cold en ough or isnot semi-skimmed.• You should ideally use skimmedor semi-skimmed milk atrefrigerator temperature (about5 °C). If the result is not as youwished, try changing brand of milk.The milk is not frothed(起泡). • Cappuccino maker dirty.• Clean as described in the section“Cleaning the cappuccino makerafter use”.Steam delivery stops • A safety device stops steamdelivery after 3 minutes. • Wait, then activate the steam function again.The appliance does not come on. • It is not plugged into the mainssocket.• The main switch(A2) is notturned on.• Plug into the main s socket• Place the main switch in the Iposition.60. If the appliance doesn't work, which of the following may be the cause?A. It has been used for many years.B. It is not plugged into the socket.C. Its temperature is too high.D. Its spouts are blocked.61. According to the table, which of the following is true?A If coffee taste bitter, you may add some milk and sugar.B If coffee is delivered too slowly, you may wait and activate the function again.C. coffee doesn't come out of spouts, you may check them with a toothpick.D. If milk is not frothed, you may use semi-skimmed milk.62. Where is the passage probably taken from?A. A coffee bean package.B. A cappuccino coffee machine booklet.C. A cappuccino coffee machine advertisement.D. A coffee machine quality report.(C)That easterners and westerners think in different ways is not mere prejudice. Many psychological studies conducted over the past two decades suggest Westerners have a more individualistic, analytic and abstract mental life than do East Asians. Several hypotheses (假设) have been put forward to explain this.One, that modernization promotes individualism, falls at the first hurdle: Japan, an ultra-modem country whose people have retained a collective outlook. A second, that a higher rate of infectious disease in a place makes contact with strangers more dangerous, and causes groups to turn inward, is hardly better. Europe has had its share of plagues; probably more than either Japan or Korea.That led Thomas Talheim of the University of Virginia and his colleagues to look into a third suggestion: that the crucial difference is agricultural. The basic West crop is wheat; the East's rice. Before the mechanization of agriculture a farmer who grew rice had to spend twice as many hours doing so as one who grew wheat. To organize labour efficiently, especially at times of planting and harvesting, rice-growing societies as far apart as India, Malaysia and Japan all develop co-operative labour exchanges which let neighbors stagger their farms' schedules in order to assist each other during these crucial periods. Since, until recently almost everyone alive was a farmer, it is a reasonable hypothesis that such a collective outlook would dominate a society's culture and behaviour, and might prove so deep-rooted that even now, when most people earn their living in other ways, it helps to define their lives.Mr. Talheim realized that this idea is testable. Large areas of Asia, particularly in the north, depend not on rice, but on wheat. That, as he explains in a paper in Science, let him and his team put some flesh on this theory's bones. The team gathered almost 1,200 volunteers from all over Asia and asked them questions to assess their individualism or collectivism. The answers bore little relation to the wealth of a volunteer's place of origin. There was a striking correlation, though, with whether it was a rice-growing or a wheat-growing area. This difference was marked even between people from neighbouring counties with different agricultural traditions.Undoubtedly, Talheim's hypothesis has pointed to a direction worth further exploration. Viewing the message from modernized countries such as Japan, Korea and Singapore, which still hold on to collectivism, perhaps we can say: Asian values-with their principles of mutual support and collective action-are only "Asian" because back in ancient times, farmers in many parts of that continent found rice a more suitable crop to grow than wheat.63. According to the second paragraph, which statement does die author most probably agree with?A. The first hypothesis fails to justify Japan's ever-keeping collectivism as well as the second.B. The exposure to plague outbreaks increases the probability of the Europeans to turn back to individualism.C. Modernized Japan stays close to collectivism as firmly as Europe maintains individualism in the times of plague.D. Neither modernization, as with Europe, nor the once prevailing plague, as with Japan, gives any evidence that promotes individualism.64. What does the underlined word “stagger” probably mean?A. arrange events so that they do not happen at the same timeB. help something to develop more strongly because it's about to collapseC. plan or organize something in advance to make it neat or attractiveD. offer something to somebody and receive something in return65. Mr. Talheim studied the Asian volunteers growing wheat in order to find out _______.A. whether growing wheat results in more sharing behavior.B. whether growing wheat leads to more prosperous communityC. whether the local crop affects the local economy positively.D. whether the local crop is related to local people's mental life.66. Which of the following can serve as the best title for this passage?A. A good beginning makes a good ending.B. The grass is greener on the other side.C. As you sow, so you will reap.D. You are what you eat.Section CDirections: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. She says this may be because shame still surrounds those who seek help from mental-health professionals.B. A mental-health law, passed in 2012, advised against the previously common practice of confining people in psychiatric wards against their will.C. Its members provide psychological support for nearly 30 people who lost loved ones to the virus.D. She worries many people won't seek help though losing loved ones causes lasting mental pain.E. Their efforts have enjoyed backing from the government, which has issued many instructions toguide the mental-health response to the disease.F. These days many Chinese recognize that mental-health problems are common.Late in January Shen Yinjing, a therapist in Shanghai, volunteered to help distressed people in the coronavirus-stricken city of Wuhan by offering counselling over the phone or by text. Before long she was running an online support group for people being treated in one of Wuhan's makeshift hospitals tor covid-19 patients. Now Ms. Shen wonders how she should assist those losing their beloved ones because of the disease. (67)______________ .Ms Shen is among a small army of mental-health professionals who have provided support during the coronavirus outbreak. Hundreds of universities and charities have set up “psychological hotlines” f or people suffering from depression. (68)______________ .Such attention reflects a profound change in official and public attitudes. In recent years, the government has begun to stress the importance of mental health in the country's long-term development goals. (69)______________ . The government's “Healthy China 2030” plan，issued in 2016, called for a stronger ^mental-h ealth service system”(70)______________ . Zhiying Ma of the University of Chicago says that young Chinese, in particular, have grown comfortable using terms such as depression and anxiety when talking about their difficulties. A Chinese government-funded survey published in 2019 found that such disorders were becoming more common in China. The study's authors suggested that “rapid social change” was intensifying "psychological pressure and stress".At the same time, mental-health counseling has become more widely available, particularly for those willing to pay for private treatment.71.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Solving the Problem of E-WasteOne of the problems damaging our planet is the number of things we throw away. A more recent addition to the list of things we chuck away is e-waste - electronic items that are broken and not recycled.Tonnes of televisions, phones, and other electronic equipment are discarded chiefly because we lack the skills to repair them. Fortunately, now solutions are being found to give e-waste a new life.There's a growing trend for repair events and clubs which could be part of a solution to the growing amount of electrical and electronic junk. A Restart Project in London, is one that many found around the world. One of its volunteers, Francesco Calo, said that "this project allows you to reduce waste, extend the life of objects, and it helps people who cannot afford to get rid of items that have developed a fault.As many electrical items contain valuable metals, another idea is e-waste mining. An experiment at the University of New South Wales involves extracting these materials from electronic appliances. It's thought that doing this could be more profitable than traditional mining.These projects make total sense --- collections of e-waste for recycling are depressing or even decreasing" according to Ruediger Kuehr, of the United Nations University. And in countries where there is no laws, much of it just gets dumped. However, the European Union, for example, is trying to tackle the problem by insisting manufacturers have to make appliances longer-lasting and will have to supply spare parts for machines for up to 10 years.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.他处理这个问题的方法是有效的。
2021-2022年高三上学期12月月考英语试题 缺答案
2021年高三上学期12月月考英语试题缺答案I.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After Reading the following passage. For some blanks, there is a word given in the brackets. Fill in each of these blanks with the proper form. of the given word. Fill in the other blanks with words that are correct in structure and proper in meaning.(A)Even today there are a great many wrong ideas about food. Some of them are very widespread.One such idea is that fish is the best brain food. Fish is good brain food （25）________ ________ it is good muscle food and skin food and bone food. But no one has been able to prove that fish is any(26) _________ (good) for the brain than many other kinds of food.Another such idea is that you (27) _________ not drink water with meals. Washing food down with water as a substitute (28) _______ chewing is not a good idea, but some water with meals has been found to be helpful. It makes the digestive juices flow more freely and helps to digest the food.Many of the ideas which scientists tell us (29) _________(have)no foundation have to do with mixtures of foods. A few years ago the belief became general that orange juice and milk should never be drunk at the same meal. The reason given was (30) _______ the acid in the orange juice would make the milk curdle and bee indigestible. As a matter of fact, milk always meets in the stomach a digestive juice which curdles (31)________; the curdling of the milk is the first step in its digestion. A similar wrong idea is that fish and ice cream when (32) ________ (eat)at the same meal form a poisonous bination.(B)It’s one of our mon beliefs that mice are afraid of cats. Scientists have long known that (33)________ ________ a mouse has never seen a cat before, it is still able to detect (觉察) chemical signals released from it and run away in fear. This has always been thought to be something that is hard-wired into a mouse’s brain. But recently Wendy Ingram, a graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley, (34)________ ________ this mon sense. She has found a way to “cure” mice of their inborn fear of cats – by infecting them with a parasite (寄生虫), reported the science journal Nature.The parasite, called Toxoplasma gondii, might sound unfamiliar to you, but the(35)__________(shock)fact is that up to one-third of people around the world are infected by it. This parasite can cause different diseases among humans,(36)__________pregnant women-it is linked to blindness and the death of unborn babies.However, the parasite’s effects on mice are uniqu e. Ingram and her team measured how mice reacted to a cat’s urine(尿)before and(37)__________it was infected by the parasites. They noted that normal mice stayed for away from the urine(38)___________mice that were infected with the parasite walked freely around the rest area.But that’s not all. The parasite was found to be more powerful than originally (39) __________(think)-even after researches cured the mice of the infection, they no longer reacted with fear to a cat’s smell, which could indicate that t he infection has caused a permanent change in mice’s brains.Why does a parasite change a mouse’s brain instead of making it sick like it does to human? The answer lies in evolution. Tosoplasma dondii can only reproduce inside a cat. So the parasite had to develop a way of tricking the mice into getting eaten more easily-thus(40)_______(help)itself go inside a cat-by taking away mice’s sense of alarm.Section BDirections:plete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.rain, polite manners, boring food and tea drinking?Some of the UK’s national stereotypes are true, a new survey has found. For example, British people do have a tendency (倾向) to drink lots of tea.The research polled (调查) 1,402 foreigners living in the UK on their opinions about the British way of life. Unsurprisingly, the majority (大多数) of them, almost 70 percent, said they enjoyed living in the country –good manners, especially UK people’s extraordinary ability to queue (排队), are the main reasons for foreigners’ appreciation (欣赏). More than one-third said they liked British people’s restrained (克制的) approach to emotion.However，there are aspects of British culture that are(45)_________upon. The heavy alcohol drinking culture(46)________as the least favorite trait, followed by the British sense of humor and the country’s bad weather.It may not be too hard to understand why heavy drinking and bad weather are(47)__________.but what’s wrong with the British sense of humor?British humor is known for being dry and satirical(讽刺的)，so it is generally more(48)_________.When it es to making the British laugh, here is nothingmore(49)_________than a socially inappropriate joke, n oted the BBC.” Britons are more fortable with life’s losers,” wrote English actor Ricky Ge rvais in an article published in Time magazine.“The majority of nationalities have stereotypes fitted around them and Britons don’t escape this,” said Liam Clifford, the founder of Global Visas, the website that conducted the research.”People probably e here with a stereotype-based preconception of what to exact. It’s good to see from our survey, though, that in the majority of cases, this reputation is actually(50)__________upon living here”.III. Reading prehension:Section ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Coffee can be considered one of nature's greatest gifts. It gives mental and emotional(51)__________ without harmful side effects, (like alcohol or tobacco), and it contains a wealth of nutrients. Yet, when most people drink coffee, they are not thinking that the beverage is (52)__________ their health. In fact, some may even feel a little guilty, (53)__________ they believe Coffee isn't good for you at all.Well, here's the truth of the matter. Coffee, like anything else, can cause problems if too much is (54)__________. In the short-term, too much coffee will cause insomnia, nausea and hypertension. In the long-term, too much Coffee will cause stomach problems, teeth staining, and high cholesterol.As far as the benefits, moderate consumption of Coffee, (which means 1 to 4 cups a day), inundates your body with a wealth of antioxidants. These substances are (55)__________ for eliminating free radicals. They are the chemical byproducts produced any time your body does something. A small number of them can help serve as a buffer against negative elements, but if they aren't kept in check, they can cause health problems. Antioxidants (56)__________ that this doesn't happen.The psychological effects of caffeine cannot be (57)__________ either. Not only does caffeine make you more (58)__________, but it can actually affect your mood. If you were feeling (59)__________ or overwhelmed, a nice cup of coffee could change your perspective. The stack of work that seemed(60)__________ before isn't even a problem now.(61)__________, caffeine helps stimulate creativity as it speeds up the body's functioning. That's why coffee is often (62)__________ with writers and other intellectual professions. Other drugs (63)__________ to make people dumber. Consider what happens when people get high off of crack or when they get drunk off of alcohol. They won't be functional at all. But with Coffee, an individual gets a creative boost while still helping their bodies.In conclusion, don't feel bad when you're brewing your morning cup of coffee.(64)__________ a can of soda or a shot of alcohol, Coffee will make you feel wonderful while keeping you healthy. Just remember, you do have to consume the beverage(65)__________. (来自育路外语考试网)51. A. reaction B. clarity C .freedom D .challenge52. A. improving B .damaging C .adjusting D .stimulating53. A. though B .so C. while D. since54. A. purchased B. cherished C. taken D. promoted55. A .suitable B. responsible C. convenient D. famous56. A. ensure B .assume C. threaten D. indicate57. A. ignored B. achieved C. measured D .abandoned58. A. attractive B. attentive C. alert D .approachable59. A .inpetent B. guilty C. depressed D. embarrassed60. A .doubtful B .unknown C .impossible D .improper61. A .By contrast B. In addition C. For example D. In brief62 . A popular B pared C. familiar D. associated63. A. mean B. tend C suppose D .expect64. A. Despite B .Without C .Apart from D. Unlike65. A. at will B. at random C.in particular D .in moderationSection BDirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Once upon a time it was boarding school adventures and mysteries solved by tweed-wearing detectives that fired young readers’ imaginations. Now, it seems, it is the promise of tales of blood sucking vampires, unstoppable zombies, howling werewolves and terrifying beasts that young audiences to pick up a book.Teen horror is a genre that seems to be going from strength to strength, with titles like The Demonata and The Saga of Larten Crepsey by Irish born writer, Darren Shan, topping the charts. Indeed Darren Shan’s success has earned him the title of ‘Master of Children’s Horror’ and his books, which also include The Thin Executioner and the vampire series The Saga of Darren Shan, have sold more than 20 million copies worldwide. But what is it about horror fiction that so appeals to young readers, and just how scary do they like it?‘I think horror allows teenagers to focus on real-life issues in a fantastical way, helping them analyze and make sense of the world as they are ing to great understanding of it,’ says Darren. ‘In my book, Lo rd Loss, the main character’s parents and sister will are slaughtered by demons. While that’s obviously not going to happen to anyone in the real world, many will lose people they love during their formative years, whether it’s grandparents dying of old ag e, or friends or relatives in accidents. A book like this can hopefully help them prepare for when death strikes at them in real life. Good horror is always about helping us prepare for the darker aspects of life-and since we can’t avoid them, we might as well turn them into entertainment!’Darren tours frequently, attending events in schools and libraries, and talking to young readers helps him gauge what they can and can’t take terms of frightening content. He explains: ‘When I’m writing an especially ter rible scene, I imagine myself reading it out in a live environment, and ask myself if I would feel fortable doing so. If not, I’ll go back and tweak the scene. I have no set formula for deciding what is suitable and what is not. I simply go with my gut ins tinct.’66.What is the point of the article?A. To remend some popular horror books.B. To analyze why horror fiction fascinate young people.C. To explore how horror fiction benefits young readers.D. To introduce how Darren creates horror books.67.The underlined phr ase ‘going from strength to strength’ in Paragraph2 is closest in meaning to .A.Failing to attract attentionB.Improving imaginationC.Getting darker and scarierD.Being increasing successful68.Darren Shan thinks that his books interest young people because .A.They are exciting and inspiringB.They are about the darker aspects of lifeC.They deal with real-life issues in a fanciful wayD.They teach people how to deal with real-life problems69.What can we conclude from the last paragraph?A.Teenagers feel fortabl e with Darren’s imaginationB.The more frightening a book is, the better it sellsC.Darren visits schools from time to time to promote his booksD.Darren sometimes changes his stories to make them less scary.(B)70. Which of the following groups is the advertisement NOT intended for?A. Social clubs.B. Businesses.C. Families.D. Large groups.71. What advantages do you get from having one of the Gift Cards?a. You get further discount on bulk purchases.b. Your card is preloaded with a certain amount of cash.c. You get the best discounts among the three promotions.d. The cards can be used in many cinemas for many items.A. a, bB. b, cC. c, dD. b, d72. What do the three promotions have in mon?A. They all have a minimum purchase.B. They are all valid for 12 months.C. They all need to be ordered ahead of time.D. They can all be used on tickets and food.73.In which of the following circumstances may a firm owner NOT consider bulk ticket purchase?A.His customers usually don’t place big orders.B.His sales staff cooperate well and perform perfectly.C.He hopes his customers will always pay in time.D.He hopes to be admitted into a social club soon.(C)ARE we getting more stupid? According to Gerald Crabtree, a scientist at Stanford University in the US, we are.You may not want to hear this, but Crabtree believes that human intelligence reached its peak more than 2,000 years ago and ever since then has been going downhill. “If an average Greek from 1,000 BC were transported to modern times, he or she would be one of the brightest among us,” Crabtre e told The Guardian.At the heart of Crabtree’s thinking is a simple idea. In the past, intelligence was critical for survival when our ancestors had to avoid dangerous animals and hunt for food. The difference of being smart or stupid is often life or death. However, after the spread of agriculture, when our ancestors began to live in dense farming munities, the need to keep their intelligence in peak gradually reduced.This is not hard to understand. Most of the time, pressure is what keeps us going-you need the pressure from your teachers to finish your homework; the pressure of looking pretty you to lose weight when summer es. And the same is also true of our intelligence-if we think less, we bee less smart.These mutations are harmful to our intelligence and they were all developed in the past,3000 years. The other evidence that Crabtree holds is in our genes. He found that among the xx to 5000 genes that we have that determine human intelligence, there are two or more mutations in each of us.However, Crabtree’s theory has been criticized by some who say that early humans have better hunting and surviving abilities, but people today have developed a more diverse intelligence. For example, spearing a tiger doesn’t necessarily require more brainpower than playplaying chess or poem. Moreover, the power of modern education means a lot more people have the opportunity to learn nowadays.‘You wouldn’t get Stephen Hawking xx years ago. He just wouldn’t exist,’ Thomas Hills of the University of Warwick, UK, tol d Live Science, ‘But now we have people his intellectual capacity doing things and making insights that we would never have achieved in our environment of evolutionary adaptation.’74.What is Crabtree’s recent finding according to the article?A.The Greeks from 1000BC could have been the smartest in human history.B.Our ancient ancestors had no better surviving than we do nowadays.C.Humans have been getting steadily more intelligent since the invention of farming.D.Mutations in genes that decide human intelligence have affected the development of intelligence.75.According to Crabtree, ancient humansA.had much more genes that determine human intelligenceB.Were forced to be smart due to natural selection pressuresC.Relied more on group intelligence than individual intelligenceD.Developed a diverse intelligence to adapt to the harsh realities76.Some argue that Crabtree’s theory is false because they think.A.People today are under much more pressure than early humansB.It’s ridiculous to pare a hunter’s and a poet’s intelligenceC.Modern education is far more advanced than ancient educationD.Human intelligence nowadays is different from that of the distant past77.What is Thomas Hill’s attitude toward Crabtree’s theory?A. SupportiveB. UnfavorableC. WorriedD. Confused.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or plete the statements in the fewest possible words.（No more than 12 words）Proxemics (空间关系学) is the study of what governs how closely one person stands to another. People who feel close will be close, though the actual distances will vary between cultures. For Americans we can discern four main categories of distance: intimate, personal, social and public. Intimate ranges from direct contact to about 45 centimeters. This is for the closest relationships such as those between husband and wife. Beyond this es personal distance. This stands at between 45 and 80 centimeters. It is the most usual distance maintained for conversations between friends and relatives. Social distance covers people who work together or are meeting at social gatherings. Distances here tend to be kept between 1.30 to 2 meters. Beyond this es public distance, such as that between a lecturer and his audience.All cultures draw lines between what is an appropriate and what is an inappropriate social distance for different types of relationship. They differ, however, in where they draw these lines. Look at an international reception with representatives from the US and Arabic countries conversing and you will see the Americans pirouetting(快速旋转) backwards around the hall pursued by their Arab partners. The Americans will be trying to keep the distance between themselves and their partners which they have g rown used to regarding as “normal”. They probably will not even notice themselves trying to adjust the distance between themselves andtheir partners, though they may have vague feeling that their Arab neighbors are being a bit “pushy”. The Arab, on the ot her hand, ing from a culture where much closer distance is the norm, may be feeling that the Americans are being “stand-offish”. Finding themselves happier standing close to and even touching those they are in conversation with they will persistently pursue the Americans round the room trying to close the distance between them.The appropriateness of physical contact varies between different cultures too. One study of the number of times people conversing in coffee shops over a one hour period showed the following interesting variations: London, 0; Florida, 2; Paris, 10; and Puerto Rico 180. Not only dose it vary between societies, however, it also varies between different subcultures within one society. Young people in Britain, for example, are more likely to touch and hug friends than are the older generation. This may be partly a matter of growing older, but it also reflects the fact that the older generation grew up at a time when touching was less mon for all age groups. Forty years ago, for example, footballers would never hug and kiss one another on the field after a goal as they do today.(选自大学六级真题)78.In proxemics, ____governs the standing space between two persons.79.The word “stand-offish”(Line 14, Para. 2) coul d best be replaced by_________.80.In conversation with an American partner at an international reception, an Arab deems that close distant is _________.81.We can infer from the third paragraph that the appropriateness of physical contact also varies with_________.答案：DAAA第II卷（共45分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1、这个新升职的经理真慷慨，资助我上了大学。
2021届上海奉贤区光明学校高三英语一模试卷及参考答案
2021届上海奉贤区光明学校高三英语一模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIn this list, you can find some of the best parks inLondon.ChiswickGardensChiswickGardensarguably inspiredEngland’s most influential cultural export, second perhaps to the Beatles. In the 1720s, architect and designer William Kent experimentedat Chiswick, inventing what became known as the English landscape garden. He made the garden less formal, introducing a far more natural feel – sweeping grassland and lakes, classical temples and monuments. The style soon became the model for public parks across the globe. And it all started here.Website:chiswickhouseandgardens. Opening times: open daily, 7 a.m. — duskOsterleyParkThe essential dignity of this old country estate does not seem to be affected by the modern world. The stillness of its lake is occasionally broken by a line of passing swans. A cycle-friendly trail circles the park, perfect for children (bike hire available) – and if you don’t mind paying, the beautiful gardens are a must.Website:nationaltrust. Opening times: open daily, 7 a.m.—7: 30 p.m.RichmondParkDeer have been wandering around this rare grassland habitat since at least 1637, when Charles I enclosed it. It’sLondon’s largest nature reserve. Away from the roads and cycle tracks, few places inLondonfeel so open and wild. The landscape isn’t all left to the deer: the Isabella Plantation is a sizeable woodland garden full of flowers that look their best in mid-spring.Website:Opening times: open 24 hours, except Nov and FebVictoria ParkRegular winner of the nation’s most popular park awards, this park continues to attract new generations to its enormous band of devoted fans. The park is simply amazing for young people. A playground features the bestslides in town and a host of other original swinging and climbing equipment. Meanwhile, older kids get top-grade music festivals, a mouth-watering Sunday market and an excellent cafe in each of its two parts. And that’s without mentioning the lakes, gardens and everything else!Website:towerhamlets Opening times: open daily, 7 a.m. — dusk1. What is special aboutChiswickGardens?A. It isEngland’s most influential building.B. It was loved by the famous band the Beatles.C. Its natural style was a model for public parks.D. It has a history of nearly four hundred years.2. What can visitors see if they go toRichmondPark?A. Classical temples and monuments.B. Deer on grassland and beautiful flowers.C. A playground with the best slides in town.D. Busy roads and cycle tracks circling the park.3. Which park will you choose if you want to enjoy a music festival?A.ChiswickGardens.B.OsterleyPark.C.RichmondPark.D. Victoria Park.BUntil quarantine (隔离期) ends, we are left picturing what sport we might do: working out at the gym, playing on a competitive sports team, swimming, biking, or rock climbing. However, we don’t often think of martial arts as possible activities; instead, we rule it out because we think it’s dangerous, uncommon, and even, impossible. Martial arts aren’t considered a sport, right?Well, here’s some good news: you’re wrong! Martial arts aren’t much more common than people think, and you can start learning at any age. Practicing martial arts is a great way to keep in shape, both physically and mentally. They’re much less boring and much lessarduoussport than they’re usually described as in movies, so do not worry that they need a lot of effort.Martial arts generally require you to focus on the position and movement of every one of your legs and arms, sometimes even your breathing too. Think about it: when you leave the gym, your mental state has improved and you are much calmer. This is because you’ve only paid attention to one activity. It is a great way to clear your head.Andpracticing it can help you learn to stay more focused, which is the greatest advantage of martial arts training.Martial arts also improve your coordination (协调性), and greatly improve your posture (姿势). I have personally seen students go from slouching (没精打采) to walking tall with their shoulders back in just a couple of months.There are many styles and countless kinds of martial arts. Whichever one you like better, know that all of them are good choices.4. What can we know about martial arts from the first two paragraphs?A. They often have people hurt.B. They are difficult to practice.C. People have a wrong view on it.D. People practice them more often.5. What does the underlined word “arduous” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Interesting.B. Difficult.C. Friendly.D. Exciting.6. What is the biggest benefit of practicing martial arts?A. Adjusting the breath.B. Enjoying one’s free time.C. Correcting the movement.D. Keeping one’s attention.7. What does the writer think of martial arts?A. They are notsports.B. They attracted many teenagers.C. They are beneficial and helpful.D. They were invented to protect others.CLarry was on another of his underwater expeditions(探险)but this time, it was different. He decided to take his daughter along with him. She was only ten years old. This would be her first trip with her father on what he had always been famous for.Larry first began diving when he was his daughter’s age. Similarly, his father had taken him along on one of his expeditions. Since then, he had never looked back. Larry started out by renting diving suits from the small diving shop just along the shore. He had hated them. They were either too big or too small. Then, there was the instructor. He gave him a short lesson before allowing him into the water with his father. He had made an exception. Larry would never have been able to go down without at least five hours of theory and another similar number of hours on practical lessons with a guide. Children of his age were not even allowed to dive.After the first expedition, Larry’s later diving adventures only got better and better. There was never a dullmoment. In his black and blue suit and with an oxygen tank fastened on his back, Larry dived from boats into the middle of the ocean. Dangerous areas did not prevent him from continuing his search. Sometimes, he was limited to a cage underwater but that did not bother him. At least, he was still able to take photographs of the underwater creatures.Larry’s first expedition without his father was in the Cayman Islands. There were numerous diving spots in the area and Larry was determined to visit all of them .Fortunately for him, a man offered to take him around the different spots for rry didn’t even know what the time was, how many spots he dived into or how many photographs he had taken.The diving spots afforded such a wide range of fish and sea creatures that Larry saw more than thirty varieties of creatures.Larry looked at his daughter. She looked as excited as he had been when he was her age. He hoped she would be able to continue the family tradition. Already, she looked like she was much braver than had been then. This was the key to a successful underwater expedition.8. In what way was this expedition different for Larry?A. His daughter had grown up.B. He had become a famous diver.C. His father would dive with him.D. His daughter would dive with him.9. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?A. Larry had some special right.B. Larry liked the rented diving suits.C. Divers had to buy diving equipment.D. Ten-year-old children were permitted to dive.10. What can be learned from the underlined sentence?A. Larry didn’t wear a watch.B. Larry was not good at math.C. Larry had a poor memory.D. Larry enjoyed the adventure.11. What did Larry expect his daughter to do?A. Become a successful diver.B. Make a good diving guide.C. Take a lot of photo underwater.D. Have longer hours of training.DIf you easily make mistakes when in a hurry, a new study from Michigan State University—the largest of its kind to date-found that meditation (冥想) could help you improve the situation.The research tested how open monitoring meditation (OMM)—or, meditationthat focuses awareness onfeelings or thoughts as they unfold in one’s mind and body—alteredbrain activity in a way that suggested increased error recognition.“People’s interest in meditation is outpacing what science can prove in terms of effects and benefits.” said Jeff Lin, MSU psychology doctoral candidate and study co-author. “But it’s amazing to me that we were able to see how one session of a guided meditation could produce changes to brain activity in non-meditators.”“Some forms of meditation have you focus on a single object, commonly your breath, but open monitoring meditation is a bit different,” Lin said, “It has you tune inward and pay attention to everything going on in your mind and body. The goal is to sit quietly and pay close attention to where the mind travels without getting too caught up in the scenery.”Lin and his MSU co-authors—William Eckerle, Ling Peng and Jason Moser—hired more than 200 participants to test how open monitoring meditation affected how people detect and respond toerrors.The participants, who had never meditated before, were taken through a 20-minute open monitoring meditation exercise while the researchers measured brain activity through electroencephalography (脑电图), or EEG. Then, they completed a computerized distraction (分心) test.“The EEG can measure brain activity at the millisecond level, so we got precise measures of brain activity right after mistakes compared to correct responses,” Lin said. “A certain neural signal occurs about half a second after an error called the error positivity, which is linked to conscious error recognition. We found that the strength of this signal is increased in the meditators to controls.”“These findings show what just 20 minutes of open monitoring meditation can do to improve the brain’s ability to detect and pay attention to mistakes,” Moser said.12. What does the underlined word “altered” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Changed.B. Prevented.C. Started.D. Recorded.13. Why is open monitoring meditation different?A. It is just aimed at a single object.B. It clears your mind of everything.C. It gets too caught up in the scenery.D. It focuses on where the mind travels.14. What did the researchers do for the studyA. They hired people who had meditated before.B. They measured the participants’ brain activity.C. They reminded the participants to avoid errors.D. They had non-meditators design a distraction test.15. What is the best title for the text?A. Turn to OMM to Avoid Acting in a HurryB. You’re Able to Recognize Errors ConsciouslyC. Meditators’ Brain Proves Much More ActiveD. OMM Can Help You Make Fewer Mistakes第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2021年上海市奉贤区五四学校高三英语一模试题及答案
2021年上海市奉贤区五四学校高三英语一模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AEast Yorkshire has typical unpredictable British weather. So here are some ideas to keep everybody happy when the weather is not the most ideal.William's Den, North CaveThe outdoor and indoor areas are suitable for children of all ages to have fun.There are nests to explore, rope bridges to cross, a tree-house and a slide. The attached Kitchen provides fresh food made from locally sourced ingredients serving a selection of treats.East Riding Leisure CentresKnown for a fun learner pool alongside an incredible fun zone with two slides as well, it is perfect for kids to find their feet in the water, have fun and explore. Its 6 climbing walls offer a different challenge on each. This place is suitable for anyone over the age of 4 and you can refuel at cafe with fresh food, snacks and cakes.Sewerby Hall and GardensWhen the weather’s not sure, take cover in the Hall and learn how life was in the early 1900’s for the residents and workers of the house. Then explore the zoo and meet the pigs, parrots and penguins! Kids of all ages are welcome.Withernsea LighthouseThere’s no limitation to the age of kids to climb Withernsea Lighthouse, which is 144 steps to the top, with full views of the East Yorkshire Coast at the top of it. Enjoy the museum on the ground floor and learn what life is like working and living in a lighthouse. The souvenir shop provides attractive gifts for visitors at a fair price.1.Which one is unsuitable for kids of all ages?A.William’s Den, North Cave.B.East Riding Leisure Centres.C.Sewerby Hall and Gardens.D.Withernsea Lighthouse.2.Where can kids enjoy food?A.In William’s Den, North Cave and Sewerby Hall and Gardens.B.In East Riding Leisure Centres and Withernsea LighthouseC.In William’s Den, North Cave and East RidingLeisure Centres.D.In Sewerby Hall and Gardens and Withernsea Lighthouse.3.Where does this passage probably come from?A.A geography textbook.B.A science report.C.A finance magazine.D.A travel brochure.BWhy doesHaitiso tend to have fatal earthquakes? Earthquakes have been causing huge damage inHaitisince at least the 18th century. The capital city has been destroyed twice in 19 years. The 21st century has beenno more kind.The Earth’s outer shell is made tip of tectonic plates (构造板块) that move.Haitisits near the crossing of two tectonic plaits that make up the Earth’s outer shell. Earthquakes can occur when those plates move against each other and create friction (摩擦力).Haitiis also overpopulated. Plus, many of its buildings are designed to resist hurricanes but not earthquakes. Those buildings can survive strong winds bat are easy to fail down when the ground shrikes. Poor building practices can also play arole.“I think it’s important to recognize that there’s no such thing as a natural disaster,” said Wendy Bohon, a geologist. “What you have is a natural disaster that comes with a weak architecture system. We do know that earthquakes like this can cause huge damage because ofthefault,” said Wendy. “And it’s quite a significant risk in places that don’t have the construction practices to resist the shaking.”Construction of more earthquake-resistant buildings remains a challenge inHaiti, which is the poorest nation in theWestern Hemisphere. “While there have been some success stories of Haitians building more earthquake-resistant structures, the country has lacked a centralized effort to do so,” said Mark Schuller, a professor of anthropology and nonprofit and NGO studies atNorthernIllinoisUniversity.Haiti’s government has become increasingly weak, while non-governmental organizations only focus on their own projects.“There is technical knowledge inHaiti, There are trained architects. There are cityplanners. That’s not the problem,” Schuller said. “The problem is a lack of funding for coordination (协调), and lack of political will from donors to organizations providing aid.”4. Which factor causing the huge damage is highlighted?A. Its overpopulation.B. Its weak government.C. Its geographical location.D. Its weak architecture system.5. What does the underlined part “the fault” in paragraph 4 refer to?A Lacking political will to provide aid.B. Lacking hurricane-resistant; buildings.C. Lacking earthquake-resistant buildings.D. Sitting on the crossing of two tectonic plates.6. What’s Schuller’s attitude towardsHaiti’s government?A Supportive. B. Critical.C. Indifferent.D. Interested.7. Which of the following can be a problem according tothe last paragraph?A. Fund and will.B. Skilled architects.C. Urban designers.D. Technology and money.CThe American poet Louise Gluck, author of 12 collections of poetry, has been awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Literature. Born inNew Yorkin 1943, Gluck published her first volume of poetry, “Firstborn”, in 1968, quickly gaining her reputation as a poet. In the decades since, she has become one of the country's most celebrated literary figures. Her work uses the power of myth to deal with some of our darkest human concerns. Her straightforward language always gets at the heart of deep-seated anxieties: loneliness, rejection, death ...Stephanie Burt,an English professor atHarvardUniversity, said, “She's someone who's been able to make emotion states vivid on the page... Few poets have tried as hard as she has not to repeat herself. And her strongest books are really different from one another”. “She offers poetry lovers a lot of inspiration, but she's also on a lot of bookshelves," said Chiasson, a poet, who added she is a generous reader of her fellow writers’work.At Yale, where Gluck is a professor of English, she served for years as judge of the Yale Series of Younger Poets Prize and worked closely with poets she chose for the prize and those she did not, helping them shape their work. “In that very practical way she's had an enormous influence on a great many figures,” said Langdon Hammer, a professor of English at Yale. “She's someone who has been a 'guiding spirit’ for generations of students, writers, and readers.”Gluck described teaching and writing as symbiotic. “I teach not out of selflessness or generosity: I do it because it feeds me,” she said. “It feeds them, too, so it's a happy relationship. I'm sure not all my students feel that way, but some do. I never feel that it takes me from my work: I think it gives me my work.”8. Which of the following topics might Gluck tend to explore in her work?A. Victory.B. Divorce.C. Romance.D. Achievement.9. What quality does Gluck have according to the passage?A. Humorous and intelligent.B. Ambitious and helpful.C. Considerate and optimistic.D. Inspiring and creative.10. What does teaching mean to Gluck?A. A source of wealth.B. A barrier to writing.C. A fountain of creation.D. A stepping stone to fame.11. What is the best title for the text?A. A Guiding SpiritB. A Successful PioneerC. An Adventurous CreatorD. A Hardworking WriterDAvi Loeb, a scientist, believes that we are not alone in the universe. The belief fits withLoeb's alien spaceship theory that at least one alien spaceship might be flying over the orbit of Jupiter, which won the international attention last year.Astronomers inHawaiifound the first known interstellar object in late 2017. It was a bit of light moving so fast past the sun that it could only have come from another star. Almost every astronomer on the planet was trying to figure out how the object, called “Oumuamua” got to our far-away part of the Milky way galaxy. “One possibility is that ‘Oumuamua’ is debris from an advanced technological equipment,” Loeb said. “Technology comes from another solar system just showed up at our door. ”“‘Oumuamua’ is not an alien spaceship,” Paul Sutter, another scientist wrote. He suggested Loeb was seeking publicity. Most scientists think “Oumuamua” is some sort of rock. They think it could be an icy wandering comet.Loeb says that “Oumuamua's” behavior means it can't be a block of rock shaped like a long photo. He thinks it's more likely an object that's very long and thin, perhaps like a long pancake or a ship's sail. Loeb says that if someone shows him evidence thatcontradictshis beliefs, he will immediately give in.Loeb believes himself a truth-teller and risk-taker in an age of very safe, too-quiet scientists. “The worst thing that can happen to me is that I would be relieved of my management duties, and that would give me even more time to focus on science,” Loeb says. He said he wouldn't mind giving up all the titles he had and returning to the Israeli farming village where he grew up.12. What does Loeb say about “Oumuamua”?A. It is an icy comet.B. It looks like a long photo.C. It is actually some sort of rock.D. It may come from another alien civilization.13. What does the underlined word “contradicts” in paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Goes against.B. Relies on.C. Turns to.D. Searches for.14. What do you think of Loeb?A. He is foolish.B. He is unsatisfied with his titles.C. He is a firm believer in scientific truth.D. He is uncertain about his career future.15. What's the best title for the text?A. Have Aliens Paid a Visit in Spaceships?B. Do We Really Know about Space Theory?C. Scientists Are Working on High TechnologyD. Astronomers Are Encouraging Space Travel第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2021届上海奉贤区光明学校高三英语一模试题及答案解析
2021届上海奉贤区光明学校高三英语一模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ACharlie Thorne and the Last Equationby Stuart GibbsThe CIA is on a task to find an equation (方程式) called Pandora, which could destroy the world if the wrong people get it. For help, they turn to Charlie, a 12-year-old girl who's as smart as Albert Einstein. People who like action-packed mysteries will enjoy reading this exciting book.AstroNutsby Jon Scieszka and Steven WeinbergIn AstroNuts, the Earth has been destroyed by humans for thousands of years. Four animals set out from Mount Rushmore, the headquarters (总部) of NNASA. Their task is to find a new planet fit for human life. Finally, they discover one: Plant Planet. The story's theme (主题) is simple: Don't harm the planet. Readers who love fantasy will enjoy AstroNuts.Stargazingby Jen WangChristine hears that Moon, who's new in town, is the kind of kid who beats people up for fun. But Moon and her mum come to live with Christine's family, and the two kids become best friends. Moon even shares a big secret with Christine. Stargazing is based on author Jen Wang's experiences as a child. The story is about the power of friendship and how people are able to change.Roll with Itby Jamie SumnerRoll with It is a story about a 12-year-old girl named Ellie. She has difficulty walking on her own and uses a wheelchair. When Ellie and her mum move to another state to take care of Ellie's grandpa, she must learn to navigate (处理) a new school and new friendships. This page-turner is a must-read for everyone. It's a heartwarming story that really shows the value of familyand how being different is special.1. Which book tells readers to protect the place we live in?A.AstroNutsB.Stargazing.C.Roll with It.D.Charlie Thorne and the Last Equation.2. What makes Stargazing different from the other three books?A. It talks about friendship.B. It tells stories about animals.C. It contains lots of scientific knowledge.D. It was written according to the author's experiences.3. What happened to Ellie?A. She had difficulty in making friends.B. She had an accident which left her in a wheelchair.C. She went to a new school and had to start all over again.D. She lost her mum and was taken care of by her grandpa.BCompared to dogs, cats are often considered to be aloof（冷漠的）with respect to their human owners. It is usual for them to be indifferent（无动于衷的）when humans calltheir names. Are we sure that they don’t understand human voices at all?A recent study published in the journal of Scientific Reports suggests that we’ve been fooled. Japanese scientists found that cats can recognize their names if their owners regularly use them. In the study, scientists recruited 78 domestic cats. They played recordings of voices of their owners saying five words: the first four words were random nouns thatresembledtheir names while the final word was the cat’s name. Then they observed the cats’ responses, if there were any.Most of cats moved their ears or heads when they heard their names, while they made no response to other words. That suggested, “cats were paying attention to you, what you say and what you do,” John Bradshaw, an expert on human-animal interactions（互动）at the University of Bristol, UK, told The Times. “And cats were just as good as dogs at learning,” she added.In the study, when people called their names, cats often associated (联系) the words with rewards, such as food or play, or with “punishments” such as having a bath or going to the vet . This made cats sensitive (敏感的) to words. After the cats had been called several times, they could respond to the words. But the scientists added that while dogs have evolved（进化）to follow their owners’ orders, cats have not. Although cats appear to bedistant, they do have special relationships with their owners.According to study co-author Atsuko Saito, cats have evolved not to show their emotions as a survival method. One example is illness, which they tend to hide because “in the wild, no one can rescue them” and predators (捕食性动物) are more likely to pay attention to them, Saito explained.However, technology may help bridge the communication gap between cats and us. There are now mobile apps available to explain what their meows mean. So, the next time you hear “meow, meow”,your cat may be telling you: “Hi, you haven’t cleaned my litter box recently.”4. What did the recent study find about cats?A. Cats can recognize their names.B. Cats are cleverer than dogs.C. Cats learn more slowly than dogs.D. Cats are willing to follow orders.5. What does the underlined word“resembled”in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. were limited toB. were different fromC. were similar toD. were away from6. Why do cats appear distant to their human owners?A. They associate words with punishments.B. They want to protect themselves from harm.C. They are not sensitive to the human voice.D. They don’t pay much attention to their surroundings.7. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. It is difficult to understand cats’ meows.B. Interaction with your cats is very important.C. Cats do have good relationships with their owners.D. We may know cats better with the help of technology.CHave you ever done something for someone else—knowing that your actions would solely benefit THEM and not YOU? Maybe you opened a door or donated blood or volunteered in a hospital’s ER during the pandemic. This is called a prosocial behavior. Humans engage in these types of behaviors all the time.But a question remains in science: Are we the only species who do this? As one of out closest s, chimpanzees have long been studied for signs of this. So far, research has provided mixed results on the question.Some studies show that chimps cooperatively hunt, share food and comfort each other. But one study cameto a very different conclusion. The study used a controlled lab experiment where chimpanzees in enclosures were given two options: push a button to give food to themselves or push the button to give food to themselves AND a partner chimp. If they chose the latter, it was seen as a prosocial behavior. But the result is that chimps showed no special preferences for feeding themselves and a friend over feeding just themselves. Another study conducted by DeTroy, however, discovered a totally different result.Compared to previous controlled lab-based experiments, the setup for DeTroy’s research was very naturalistic. “We installed a button and a fountain into the chimpanzees’ outer enclosures. When an individual pushes the button, it releases juice from the fountain. However, since the button and fountain are approximately five meters apart, the individual pushing cannot directly drink from the fountain. And if any other chimpanzees are at the fountain when the button is pushed, they, and not the pusher, will be able to drink the juice.In this experiment, chimpanzees showed a willingness to act in the interest of others, with individual chimpanzees prepared to push the button without benefiting themselves.“It is really fascinating to see that many of the chimpanzees were willing to prosocially provide valuable resources to the group members even if they couldn’t benefit themselves from their behavior.” said DeTroy.Further research may reveal what lies behind their prosocial motivation. But for now, it’s safe to assume that chimpanzees are not simply aping human behavior.8. Which of the following belongs to prosocial behaviors?A. Jack participated in voluntary work in the library just to earn credits.B. Mark turned to his classmate for help when feeling stressful in study.C. Tim guided a lost child back home on his way to an important job interview.D. Rose often interrupted the teacher to ask questions actively in the math’s class.9. What is the task of the chimpanzees in the lab-based study?A. Sharing food.B. Making a choice.C. Comforting others.D. Showing sympathy.10. How is DeTroy’s study different from the previous ones?A. It was based on controlled lab experiment.B. It gave juice to the chimpanzees as a reward.C. It offered the tested chimpanzees a natural surrounding.D. It provided a chance for chimpanzees to help their partners.11. What can we learn from DeTroy’s quotes?A. Chimpanzees can develop abilities to help others.B. Chimpanzees have acquired many human behaviors.C. Chimpanzees in the wild is cleverer than those in the lab.D. Chimpanzees displayed prosocial behaviors for certain rewards.DIn the summer of 2016, I gave a talk at a small conference in northernVirginia. I began by admitting that I’d never had a social-media account; I then outlined arguments for why other peopleshould consider removing social media from their lives. The event organizers uploaded the video of my talk to YouTube. Then it was shared repeatedly on Facebook and Instagram and, eventually, viewed more than five million times. I was both pleased and annoyed by the fact that my anti-social-media talk had found such a large audience on social media.I think of this event as typical of the love-hate relationships many of us have with Facebook, Instagram, and other social-media platforms. On the one hand, we’ve grown cautious about the so-called attention economy, which, in the name of corporate(公司的) profits, destroys social life gradually and offends privacy. But we also benefit from social media and hesitate to break away from it completely. Not long ago, Imet a partner at a large law firm in Washington, D.C., who told me that she keeps Instagram on her phone because she misses her kids when she travels; looking through pictures of them makes her feel better.In recent months, some of the biggest social-media companies, Facebook and Twitter, in particular, have promised various reforms. In March, Mark Zuckerberg announced a plan to move his platform toward private communication protected by end-to-end encryption(端对端加密); later that month, he put forward the establishment of a third-party group to set standards for acceptable content.All of these approaches assume that the reformation of social media will be a complex, lengthy, and gradual process. But not everyone sees it that way. Alongside these official responses, a loose collective of developers that calls itself the IndieWeb has been creating another alternative. They are developing their own social-media platforms, which they say will preserve what’s good about social media while getting rid of what’s bad. They hope to rebuild social media according to principles that are less corporate and more humane(人道的).12. Why did the author feel annoyed when his video was spread online?A. His video caused many arguments.B. His video was shared without his permission.C. His talk was opposed by a large amount of people.D. His video’s popularity on social media is against his talk.13. Why does the author mention the story of his partner in paragraph 2?A. To prove that social media has some benefits.B. To advise people to break away from social media.C. To tell the negative effects social media may produce.D. To describe people’s complicated relationships with social media.14. What is the purpose of the reform made by some social-media companies?A. To attract more users.B. To improve network environment.C. To make more profits.D. To provide more convenientservice.15. What does the IndieWeb intend to do?A. Develop new social-media platforms.B. Remove social media from people’s lives.C. Improve the existing social-media principles.D. Help social-media companies to make reformation.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。