高中英语数词用法详解(20200612214333)

数词用法详解

表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫数词。

Ⅰ基数词：表示数目或数量的多少。

1.基数词的构成：1-10 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten.

11-19 eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen,

nineteen.

20-90 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety.

≥100 100 a/one hundred

1,000 a/one thousand

1,000,000 a/one million

1, 000,000,000 a/one billion = a/one thousand million

注意：1）英语中没有“万”，表示“万”时用“十千”。

ten thousand 一万fifty thousand 五万

2）ten, hundred, thousand, million, billion与基数词连用时，一般不变复数。

当表示约数时，此时这些词与of 连用，用复数形式，其前不能有具体的数字

修饰，但可以被many, several, a few等词修饰。

tens of 数十hundreds of 数百thousands of 数千

score, dozen 也可表示数量，其用法与hundred, thousand 类似：

a score of books 二十本书scores of books 几十本书

two score of books 四十本书two dozen books 两打书

3）千以上的数字，从后往前数，每三位加“，”；

第一个“，”前为thousand, 第二个“，”前为million ,第三个“，”前为one thousand

million 或one billion，然后每一节按百、十、个的顺序表示。

4）百位和十位之间要有“and”：123,506,894 one hundred and twenty-three million,

five hundred and six thousand,

eight hundred and ninety-four 若百位与千位或千位与个位之间为零，则需加“and”：1,001 one thousand and one

405 four hundred and five 2. 基数词的用法

1）作主语：Three will be enough for us.

三个对我们来说就足够了。

Two of the girls are from Tokyo.

这些姑娘中有两位来自东京。

2）作宾语：Four people applied for this job, but we only need one.

四个人申请这工作，但我们仅需一人。

3）作表语：The population of China is over 1.3 billion.

中国有十三亿多人口。

I’m twenty while my brother is sixteen.

我二十岁，我弟弟十六岁。

4）作定语：We have 300 workers in our company.

我们公司有三百名员工。

Forty students were involved in the interview.

四十名学生参加了这次采访。

5）作同位语：You two clean these seats.

你们两个打扫这些位子。

Have you got tickets for us three?

有我们三个人的票吗？

Ⅱ序数词：表示顺序或等级。

1.序数词的构成：1-10 first 1st; second 2nd; third 3rd; fourth 4th; fifth 5th; sixth 6th; seventh 7th;

eighth 8th; ninth 9th; tenth 10th.

11-19 eleventh 11th; twelfth 12th; thirteenth 13th; fourteenth 14th ;

fifteenth 15th; sixteenth 16th; seventeenth 17th; eighteenth 18th;

nineteenth 19th.

20-90 twentieth 20th; thirtieth 30th; fortieth 40th; fiftieth 50th; sixtieth 60th;

seventieth 70th; eightieth 80th; ninetieth 90th.

≥100 100 hundredth

1,000 thousandth

1,000,000 millionth

1,000,000,000 billionth

注意：1）注意下列几个序数词的拼写形式。

fifth eighth ninth twelfth twentieth

2）序数词的缩写形式是在数字后直接加上序数词最后两个字母构成。

1st , 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 31st, 32nd, 44th等。

3）两位数及两位数以上的词，只需把个位数变为序数词，其他数不变。

twenty-first; twenty-second; twenty-third; one hundred and twenty-fourth等。

2.序数词的用法

1）作主语：The second is what I really need.

第二个是我真正需要的。

The first bottle has been full but the second is empty.

第一个瓶已满，但第二个还空着。

2）作宾语：I got a third in biology.

我生物得到了第三名。

Do you prefer the first or the second?

第一个和第二个你更喜欢哪一个呢？

3）作表语：I will be the first to support you and the last to oppose you.

我将是第一个支持你的人，也是最不会反对你的人。

Columbus was the first who discovered America.

哥伦布是第一个发现美洲的人。

4）作定语：I’ll try a second time and see if I can do it.

我还要试一次，看看我能否做得了。

Take the first turn to the right and then the second turn to the left and you’ll get

there.

在第一个转弯处向右转，然后在第二个转弯处向左转就到了。

5）作状语：He came second in the race.

他在赛跑中得了第二名。

It was a snowy day when we first met.

我们初次见面时是一个下雪的日子。