语料库语言学术语汇编A glossary of corpus linguistics
语言学(语料库)
Specialized corpora: useful for English for specific purposes. If we need find out what language is used in a certain profession, then we select texts from that profession. Sample corpora: classification of genres; a large number of short extracts; random selection of extracts within genres; great internal validity内部有效性 . Monitor corpora: gigantic, ever moving stores of text. It has the capacity to hold a ‗state of the language‘ for research purposes.
The function of concordance
Concordances are frequently used as a tool in linguistics that can be used for the study of a text such as:
paring different usages of the same word; 2.analysing keywords; 3.analysing word frequencies; 4.finding and analyzing phrases and idioms; 5.creating indexes and word lists (also useful for publishing)
计算机语言学语料库语言学机器翻译电子教案
0. Warm-up Questions
In what ways can computer facilitate our language learning?
To what extent do you rely on computer in your English learning?
How to improve the output quality of machine translation?
2. CALL
2.3 Types of CALL programs
➢ Davies & Higgins (1985): Gapmaster, Mazes, etc. ➢ Jones & Fortescue (1987): Matchmaster, Wordstore, etc. ➢ Higgins (1993): Customizing, Computer networks, etc
➢ Corpus: a collection of linguistic data, either compiled as written texts or as transcription of recorded speech.
➢ Corpus linguistics deals with the principles and practice of using corpora in language study.
English Linguistics: An Introduction
Chapter 10 Language and Computer
Chapter 10 Language and Computer
0. Warm-up Questions 1. Computational Linguistics 2. CALL 3. Machine Translation 4. Corpus Linguistics
术语汇编（GLOSSARYOFTERMS）
术语汇编（GLOSSARYOFTERMS）术语汇编（GLOSSARY OF TERMS）（广播电视领域英语缩略词及全称）AA Audio 音频AAS Automatic Addressing System 自动寻址系统ABR Available Bit Rate 可用比特率AC Alternating Current 交流ACI Adjacent-Channel Interference 邻频干扰ACU Antenna Control Unit 天线控制器A / D Analogue to Digital 模/ 数转换ADM Add-Drop Multi-plexer 上下复用器ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line 非对称数字用户线ADV Advance 推进AEF Auto Edition Function 自动编辑功能AES Audio Engineer Society 声频工程学会AFC Automatic Frequency Control 自动频率控制Audio Frequency Coder 声频编码器AFM Audio Frequency Modulation 音频调制AFT Automatic Frequency Tune 自动频率调谐AGC Automatic Gain Control 自动增益控制AM Amplitude Modulation 调幅ANSI American National Standards Institute 美国国家标准协会ANT Antenna 天线API Application Program Interface 应用程序界面Associated Photographers International 国际摄影家联合会ASIC Amplitude Specific Integrated Circuit 专用集成电路ASK Amplitude Shift Keying 振幅键控ASSEM Assemble 组合ASW Acoustic Surface Wave 声表面波ATC Adaptive Transform Coding 自适应变换编码ATDM Asynchronous Time Division Multiplexing 异步时分复用ATEL Advanced Television Evaluation Laboratory 先进电视评估实验室ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode 异步传输方式ATSC American Telecommunications Standard Committee 美国电信标准委员会ATW Auto Tracking White 自动跟踪白平衡AU Adapter Unit 适配器，附加器AUD Audio 音频AUL Average Useful Life 平均使用寿命AUX Auxiliary 辅助的AVP Audio / Visual Products 音视产品AW Auto White 自动白平衡BB Baud 波特Blue 蓝色Byte 字节BACK.L Back-Lighting 逆光BA TT Battery 电池（组）BB Base-Band 基带Black Burst 带色同步的黑场BER Bit Error Ratio (Or Rate) 误码率BF (BPF) Band Pass Filter 带通滤波器B-ISDN Broadband Integrated Service Digital Network 宽带综合业务数字网BLK Black 黑色BONT Broadband Optical Network T ermination 宽带光纤网络终端BPS(B/S) Bit Per Second 每秒比特BPSK Bi-Phase Shift Keying 二相相移键控BR Bit Radio 码率BS Broadcast Satellite 广播卫星BSS Broadcast Satellite Services 卫星广播业务B-Y 蓝色差信号CC Chrominance 色度CA Conditional Access 条件接入CAM Camera 摄像机CAS Conditional Access System 条件接入系统CATV Community Antenna Television System 共用天线电视系统CAT Conditional Access Table 条件接入表C-Band 4GHz to 6GHz C波段（4GHz 到6GHz ）CBR Constant Bit Ratio 恆定码率CBT Core Based Tree 有核树CCD Charge-Coupled Devices 电荷偶合器件CCIR International Radio Consultative Committee 原国际无线电咨询委员会CCITT Consultative Committee, International Telegraph and Telephone国际电报电话咨询委员会CDMA Code Division Multiple Access 码分多址CDV Compressed Digital Video 压缩数字视频CEB Consumer Electronic Bus 用户电子总线CF Colour Framing 彩色成帧CH Channel 信道、通道、频道CHARA. Character 字符CHG Change 改变CHI Channel Interface 通道接口CHIO Cannel Input / output 通道输入/ 输出口CIE Commission International de I’Eclairage 国际照明委员会CIF Common Intermediate Format 共用中间格式CIU Customer Interface Unit 用户接口单元CM Communication Multi-plexer 信道复用器Cross Modulation 交叉调制CMIP Communication Management Information Protocol 通信管理信息协议CMIS Common Management Information Service 通用管理信息业务CN Communication Network 通信网络C / N Carrier / Noise 载（波）噪（声）比CNR(C/N) Carrier to Noise Ratio 载噪比CNT Coaxial Network termination 同轴网络终端CODEC(codec) Coder Decoder 编解码器COFDM Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing 编码正交频分复用COMSAT Communications Satellite Corporation 美国通信卫星公司CP Circular Polarization 圆极化CPU Central Processing Unit 中央处理单元CPW Circular Polarization Wave 圆极化波CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check 循环冗余度检测CS Communication Satellite 通信卫星CSO Composite Second Order 复合二阶失真CTB Composite Triple Beat 复合三阶失真CTDM Compressed Time Division Multiplex 压缩时分复用CTL Control 控制码CTS Central Termination System 中央终端系统CTU Coaxial Terminal Unit 同轴终端单元CTV Cable TV 有线电视Conventional TV 普通电视DD / A (DAC) Digital /Analogue Conversion 数字/模拟变换DAB Digital Audio Broadcasting 数字音频广播DAVIC Digital Audio Visual Council 数字音视频委员会DAVID Digital Audio/Video Interactive Decoder 数字音视频交换解码器dB Decibel 分贝，表示对数比例值dBi dB Antenna Gain Relative To Anisotropic Source 天线增益(相对于各向同性辐射源) dBm dB . Power Relative T o One Mili-Watt 相对于1mW的功率的dB值DBS Direct Broadcast Satellite 直播卫星dBw dB . Power Relative To One Watt 相对于1W的功率的dB 值DC Direct Current 直流D / C Down Converter 下变频器DCC Dynamic Contrast Control 动态对比度控制Digital Common Channel 数值公共通道DCT Discrete Cosine Transform 离散余弦变换DE De-Emphasis 去加重Demod Demodulation 解调Domsat Domestic Communication Satellite 国内通信卫星DF Drop-Frame 失落帧DFB-LD Distributed Feedback LD 分布反馈式半导体激光器DG Differential Gain 微分增益DIS Draft International Standard 国际标准草案DISP Display 显示DLC Digital Link Carrier 数字环路载波DMC Dynamic Motion Control 动态运行控制DMT Discrete Multi-Tone 离散多音DNIC Digital Network Identify Code 数字网络识别码DNR Digital Noise Reduction 数字降噪DPX Di-plexer 双工器DSF Dispersion Shifted Fiber 色散位移光纤DSM Digital Storage Media 数字存储媒体DSNG Digital Satellite News Gather 数字卫星新闻采集DSP Digital Signal Processor 数字信号处理器DSR Digital Satellite Radio 数字卫星广播DSS Digital Satellite System 数字卫星系统DT Dynamic Tracking 动态循跡（跟踪）DTH Direct To Home 直接到户DTI Data Transmission Interface 数据传输接口DTSC Digital Television Standard Converter 数字电视制式转换器DTT Digital Terrestrial 数字地面电视DTV Digital TV 数字电视（一般特指美国数字电视制式）DTVB Digital TV Broadcasting 数字电视广播DTVC Digital TV By Cable 数字电缆电视DVB Digital Video Broadcasting 数字视频广播（欧洲制式）Digital Video Bandwidth 数字视频带宽DVB-C The DVB Digital Cable Delivery System 电缆数字视频传输系统DVB-S The Digital Satellite System 卫星数字广播系统DVB-T The Digital Terrestrial TV System 地面数字电视系统DVC Digital Video Cassette 数字视频盒带DVD Digital Versatile Disc 数字视盘DVMRP Distance Vector Multi-Cast Routing Protocol 距离向量多点路由广播DWDM Dense Wave Distribution Multiplex 密集波分复用EEAR Earphone 耳机EBU European Broadcasting Union 欧洲广播联合会ECC Emitter Correction Code 纠错码ECS European Communications Satellite 欧洲通信卫星ED Energy Dispersal 能量扩散EDA Electronic Design Automatic 电子设计自动化EDFA Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier 掺铒光钎放大器EDI Electronic Data Interaction 电子数据交换EDTV Enhanced Definition TV 增强清晰度电视EIRP Effective Isotropic Radiation Power 等效全向辐射功率EMM Entitlement Management Message 授权管理信息EMMI Enhanced Multi-Media Interface 增强多媒体接口ENDEC EN-Coder / DE-Coder 编解码器ENG Electronic News Gathering 电子新闻采集ENI Equivalent Noise Input 等效噪声输入E / O Electric –Optical Transducer 电光变换器EPG Electronic Program Guides 电子节目指南ERMES European Radio Message System 欧洲无线电信息系统ERP Echo Return Loss 回波损耗ES Elementary Stream 基本码流Earth Station 地球站ESCR Elementary Stream Clock Reference 基本码流时钟基准ETS European Telecommunication Standard 欧洲电信标准EXT External 外接FFAS Full Auto Shooting 全自动拍摄FAW Full Time Auto White 全时自动白平衡FB Fiber Backbone 光纤主干线FCC Federal Communications Commission 联邦通信委员会F / D Focal Length To Diameter Ratio Of a Reflector 卫星抛物反射面焦距对天线口径之比FDDI Fiber Distribution Data Interface 光纤分配数据接口FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing 频分多工FE Front End 前端FEC Forward Error Correction 前向纠错FECR Forward Error Correction Rate 前向纠错率Ff Flange focal length 法兰焦距FF Feed Forward 前馈Fast Forward 快进FFT Fast Fourier Transform 快速傅里叶变换FIC Fast Information Channel 快速信息频道FITL Fiber In The Loop 光纤环路FLL Frequency Locked Loop 频率锁定环FM Frequency Modulation 调频F-run Free –run 空运行FSS Fixed Satellite Service 静止卫星业务FST Fast Slant Transform 快速倾斜变换FTP File Transfer Protocol 文件转换协议FTTB Fiber To The Building 光纤到楼FTTC Fiber To The Curb 光纤到路边FTTH Fiber T o The Home 光纤到户FTTF Fiber To The Feeder 光纤到馈线FTTN Fiber To The Node 光纤到节点FTTSA Fiber T o The Service Area 光纤到服务区GG Green 绿色Gain 增益GaAs Gallium Arsenic 砷化鎵GB Gigabit 吉比特Gbps Gigabits / Second 吉比特/ 秒GEO Geo-stationary Earth Orbit 地球同步轨道GHz Unit of frequency equal to 1000MHz 频率单位GMT Greenwich Mean Time 格林威治时间GIS Geographic Information System 地理信息系统GND Ground 地GOP Group Of Picture 图片组GPI General Purpose Interface 通用接口GPS Global Positioning System 地球定位系统GSM Global System For Mobile Communication 全球移动通信系统GSP General Signal Processor 中央信号处理器G/T Gain / Temperature Or Figure Of Merit 天线品质因数GUI Graphical User Interface 图形用户接口G-Y 绿色差信号HH High (Hi) 高Horizontal 行H.262 ( ISO/IEC 13818-2 即MPEG-2的视频编码部分) 通用视频编码的国际建议H.263 (ITU Ree.H.263) 低码率视频编码的国际建议HCT Home Communications Terminal 家庭通信终端HDSL High- bate-rate Digital Subscriber Line 高比特率数字用户线HDTV High Definition TV 高清晰度电视HFC Hybrid Fiber Coax 光纤同轴混合网HE Head End 前端（CATV）HEI Head End Equipment Interface 前端设备接口Hi-Fi High Fidelity 高保真度HITS High Speed Infrared Transmitting System 高速红外传输系统HPA High Power Amplifier 高功放HQ High Quality 高质量HTTP Hyper Text Transport Protocol 超文本传送协议II Iris 光圈IBN Integrated Broadband Network 综合宽带网ICDN Integrated Communication Data Network 综合通信数据网ICT Information and Communications Technology 信息和通信技术IDCT Inverse DCT 反离散余弦变换IDU Indoor Unit 室内单元IEC International Electro-technical Commission 国际电子技术专业委员会IF Intermediate Frequency 中频I-Frame Inter Coded Frame I-帧，帧内编码图象帧IL Insertion Loss 插入损耗INCOM Intercom 内部对讲IND Indication 指示INT Internal 内部IOT Influence Output Tube 感应输出管IP Internet Protocols 网际协议Intelligent Peripheral 智能外围（设备）IPC Information Processing Center 信息处理中心IR Infrared Remote Control 红外遥控IRD Integrated Receiver Decoder 集成接收机解码器IS International Standard 国际标准ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network 集成服务数字网ISO The International Organization For Standardization 国际标准化组织IT Information Technology 信息技术ITS Insertion Test Signal 插入测试信号ITSC Information Technology Steering Committee 信息技术指导委员会ITU International Telecommunication Union 国际电信联盟ITU-R ITU-Radio Communications Sector 国际电信联盟无线电通信部ITVS Interactive TV System 交互电视系统IVOD Interactive Video On Demand 交互式视频点播JJBIG Joint Bi-Level Image Coding Expert Group 联合二值图象编码专家组JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group 联合摄影专家组KKBPS（Kbps）Kilo Bits Per Second 千比特/秒LL Left 左Low 低LAN Local Area Network 局域网LEO Low-Earth Orbit (Sat) 低轨道（卫星）LFSR Linear Feedback Shift Register 线性反馈移位寄存器LHCP Left Hand Circular Polarization 左旋圆极化LID Local Injection Detection 本地注入检测LNA Low Noise Amplifier 低噪声放大器LNB Low Noise Block 低噪声变换器(高频头)LNC Low Noise Converter 低噪声变换器（下变频器）LO Local Oscillator 本地振荡器Lo-Lux Low –Lux 低照度（低勒克司）LSB Least Significant Bit 最低有效位LSN Local Supervision Network 局部监测网络LTC Longitude Time Code 纵向时间码MM Manual 手动Middle 中间MATV Master Antenna TV 共用天线电视MBPS(Mbps) Meg-Bits Per Second 兆比特/秒MCM Multi Carrier Modulation 多载波调制MCPC Multi-Channel Per Carrier 多路单载波MDCT Modified DCT 改进离散余弦变换MHEG Multimedia / Hypermedia Expert Group 多媒体/ 超媒体专家组MIC Microphone 话筒MID Middle 中间MMCD Multimedia CD 多媒体CDMMPC Multimedia PC 多媒体PCMMDS Multi-point Microwave Distribution System 多点微波分配系统MOD Movies On Demand 电影点播Modulator 调制器MPEG Moving Picture Expert Group 活动图象专家组MPEG-1 (ISO/IEC 11172) 音视频编码的第一个国际建议简称MPEG-2 (ISO/IEC 13818) 通用音视频编码国际建议简称（由MPEG-1扩充而得）MPEG-TS MPEG Transport Stream MPEG传输码流MPLS Multi-Protocol Label Switching 多协议标记交换技术MPOA Multi-Protocol Over ATM ATM上的多协议规范MPTS Multi-program Transmitting Stream 多节目传输流MSB Most Significant Bit 最高有效位MSO Multi System Operator 多系统经营者MUX Multi-plexer 复用器，多工器NNAB National Association Of Broadcaster 国家广播工作者协会NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration.U.S. 美国宇航局NCC Network Control Center 网络控制中心ND Neutral Density 中性密度NDF Non-Drop Frame 非失落帧NF Noise Factor 噪声系数NIT Network Information Table 网络信息目录NM Network Management 网络管理NORM Normal 标准（普通）NR Noise Reduction 降噪NTSC National Television System Committee 国家电视系统委员会（北美制式）NVOD Near Video On Demand 准视频点播OODU Out Door Unit 室外单元OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex 正交频分复用OLI Optical Line Interface Card 光缆接口板ONU Optical Network Units 光网络单元OPAL Optical Access Line 光访问线OSAN Optical Subscriber Access Node 光纤用户访问（接入）节点OSC Oscillator 振荡器OSD On Screen Display 屏幕显示OSI Open System Interface 开放系统接口OTDR Optical Time Domain Reflect-meter 光时域反射计OVS Open Video System 开放视频系统OWA One Way Access 单向寻址PPA Power Amplifier 功率放大器PASC Precision Adaptive Sub-band Coding 精密自适应子带码PB Play Back 播放PCM Pulse Code Modulation 脉码调制PCR Program Clock Reference 程序时钟基准PCS Personal Communication Service 个人通信业务PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy 准同步数字体系PDP Plasma Display Panel 等离子体显示屏PEAQ Perceptual Evaluation Of Audio Quality 音质感官评价PED Pedestal 基准PES Packeting Elementary Stream 打包基本码流PFD Power Flux Density 功率通量密度PFM Pulse Frequency Modulation 脉频调制PGM Program 节目PID Packet Identifier 分组识别符，包识别符PIM Protocol Independent Multicasting 协议无关多点广播PIN Personal Identify Note 个人识别码（标记）PLL Phase Locked Loop 锁相环路PM Phase Modulation 相位调制PMF Polarization Maintaining Fiber 偏振保持光纤PON Passive Optical Network 无源光纤网络POTS Plain Old Telephone Service 老式电话业务P-P Peak to Peak 峰峰值PPV Pay Per View 按次付费PRA Primary Rate Access 基本收费访问PSDN Packet Switched Data Network 分组交换数据网PSK Phase Shift Keying 相位键控PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network 公共交换电话网QQAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 正交幅度调制QOS Quality Of Service 业务质量QPSK Quaternary Phase Shift Keying 正交相移键控RR Red 红色Right 右RCU Remote Control Unit 遥控单元REC Record 记录REF Reference 参考REGEN Regeneration 再生RET Return 返送视频REV Reverse 倒转REW Rewind 倒带RF Radio Frequency 射频RFLT Radio Frequency Line Termination 射频馈线终端RHCP (RCP) Right Hand Circular Polarization 右旋圆极化RIN Relative Intensity Noise 相对强度燥声RM Remote 遥控R-run Record-run 记录运行RSB Residual Side-band 残留边带RST Running Status Table 运行状态表RTC Relative Time Code 相对时间码RVW Review 回看RX Receiver 接收机R-Y 红色差信号SS Shutter 快门SAWF Surface Acoustic Wave Filter 声表面波滤波器SC Sub-Carrier 副载波SCM Single Carrier Modulation 单载波调制Sub-Cattier Multiplexing 副载波多工SCP Service Control Point 业务控制点SCPC Single Channel Per Carrier 单路单载波SCR System Clock Reference 系统时钟基准SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy 同步数字系列SDDI Serial Digital Data Interconnection 串行数字数据互联SDM Space Division Multiplexing 空间分割多工SDT Service Description Table 服务种类目录SDTV Standard Definition TV 标准清晰度电视SEG Special Effects Generator 特技发生器SFD Saturable Flux Density 饱和通量密度SHF Super High Frequency 超高频SHTL Shuttle 快寻SI Service Information 业务信息SLSI Super Large Scale Integration 超大规模集成（电路）SM Statistical Multiplexing 统计复用SMATV Satellite Master Antenna TV System 卫星共用天线电视系统SMF Single Mode Fibers 单模光纤SMPTE State Moving Picture Television Engineer 美国电影电视工程师学会SMS Service Managing System 用户管理系统S / N Signal / Noise 信噪比SNF System Noise Figure 系统噪声指数SNG Satellite News Gathering 卫星新闻采集SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol 简单网络管理协议SONET Synchronous Optical Network 同步光纤网络SPOT.L Spot Lighting 聚光SSB Single Side-Band 单边带SSP Service Switching Point 业务交换点STDM Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing 同步时分复用STB Set-top Box 机顶盒STBY Stand By 等待，备份STD System Target Decoder 系统目标解码器STM Synchronous Transfer Mode 同步转移模式S-VHS Super-High Band Video Home System 高带家庭视频系统S-Video Separated-Video 分离视频SW Switching 开关SYNC Synchronization 同步TT Telephoto 远景TBC Time Base Corrector 时基校正器TC Time Code 时间码TCP/IP Transfer Control Protocol /Internet Protocol 传输控制协议/网际协议TDM Time Division Multiplexing 时分多工TDMA Time Division Multiple Access 时分多址TED Threshold Extension Demodulation 门限扩展解调TMN Telecommunications Management Network 电信管理网TMNX11R5 Telecommunication Management Network X11R5 电信管理网X11R5协议T&D Trunk and Distribution 干线和分配线TS Transport Stream 传输流Terminal Station 终端站TSB Telecommunication Standardization Bureau 电信标准化所（部门）TSC Two Sub-Carrier 双副载波系统Television Standard Converter 电视制式转换器T-STD Transport Stream System Target Decoder 传输流系统目标解码器TVBS TV Broadcast By Satellite 卫星电视广播TVOD True Video On Demand 真视频点播TVRO Television Receive Only Terminal 卫星电视单收站TWT Traveling Wave Tube 行波管TWTA Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier 行波管放大器TX Transmitter 发射机UU-bit User-bit 用户比特U / C Up Converter 上变频器UHF Ultra-High Frequency 特高频UL Up Link 上行链路UNI User Network Interface 用户网络接口UPS Un-interruptible Power Supply 不间断电源URL Universal Resource Locator 全球资源定位（指示法）USSB United States Satellite Broadcasting 美国卫星广播（公司）VV Vertical 垂直方向VADIS Video-Audio digital Interactive System 视音数字相互制约系统VAR Variable 可变的VBS Video Burst and Sync (彩色)全电视信号VCR Video Cassette Recorder 盒式磁带录像机VDT Video Dial –Tone System 视频拨号系统VF View-Finder 寻像器VHS Video Home System 家用视频系统VIP Video Information Provider 视频信息提供者VITC Vertical Internal Time Code 场消隐时间码VLSI Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit 超大规模集成电路VOD Video On Demand 视频点播VPI Virtual Path Identifier 虚通路识别VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal 甚小口径卫星地面站VSB Vestigial Side-Band 残留边带VSB-AM Vestigial Side-Band-AM 残留边带调幅VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio 电压驻波比WW White 白色Wide Angle 广角WARC World Administrative Radio Conference 世界无线电行政大会WAN Wide Area Network 广域网WAU Wireless Access Unit 无线接入单元W.BAL White Balance 白平衡WD Working Draft 操作方案WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing 波分复用WG Working Group 操作组WHT White 白色WI Weighted Index 加权指数WWW World Wide Web 环球网XXM Cross Modulation 交调XPD Cross-Polarization Discrimination 交叉极化鉴别XT Cross Talk 串扰，串话YY 亮度信号Y / C 亮/ 色成都市广播电视局科技处编制。
语料库语言学术语汇编Aglossaryofcorpuslinguistics.docx
语料库语言学术语汇编 ( V2.0 )Last updated 2012-10-08 by许家金Aboutness所言之事Absolute frequency绝对频数Alignment (of parallel texts)（平行或对应）语料的对齐Alphanumeric字母数字构成的Annotate标注（动词）Annotated text/corpus标注文本 /语料库、赋码文本/语料库Annotation标注（名词）Annotation scheme标注方案ANSI/American National Standards Institute美国国家标准学会ASCII/American Standard Code for Information美国信息交换标准码ExchangeAssociates (of keywords)（主题词的）联想词AWL/academic word list学术词表Balanced corpus平衡语料库Base list/baselist底表、基础词表Bigram二元组、二元序列、二元结构Bi-text/bitext双语合并文本、双语分行对齐文本（一句源语一句目标语对齐后的文本）Bi-hapax两次词Bilingual corpus双语语料库Bootcamp debate/discourse/discussion（新手）训练营大辩论 /话语 /大探讨CA/Contrastive Analysis对比分析Case-sensitive/case sensitivity大小写敏感、区分大小写Category-based approach基于类（范畴）的方法Chi-square test/ 2χ卡方检验Chunk词块CIA/Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis中介语对比分析CLAWS/Constituent Likelihood Automatic Word-CLAWS 词性赋码系统tagging SystemClean text policy干净文本原则Cluster词簇、词丛Colligation类联接、类连接、类联结Collocate n./v.搭配词；搭配Collocability搭配强度、搭配力Collocation搭配、词语搭配Collocational strength搭配强度Collocational framework/frame搭配框架Collocational profile搭配概貌Collocational network搭配网络Comparable corpora类比语料库、可比语料库Computational Linguistics计算语言学ConcGram/concgram同现词列、框合结构Concord索引（行）（简略形式）Concordance (line)索引（行）Concordance plot（索引）词图Concordancer索引工具Concordancing索引分析Context语境、上下文Context word语境词Contextual prosody语境韵律Contingency table连列表、联列表、列连表、列联表Co-occurrence/Co-occurring共现、同现Corpus Linguistics语料库语言学Corpus, pl. corpora语料库Corpus-based基于语料库的Corpus-based translation studies基于语料库的翻译研究、语料库翻译学、基于语料库的译学研究Corpus-driven语料库驱动的Corpus-informed语料库指导下的、参考了语料库的Corpus size库容Corpus stylistics语料库文体学Co-select/co-selection/co-selectiveness共选（机制）Co-text共文Data mining数据挖掘DDL/Data Driven Learning数据驱动学习Dependency（句法）依存关系Dice coefficient Dice 系数Disambiguation消歧Diachronic corpus历时语料库Discourse话语、语篇Discourse prosody话语韵律Documentation文检报告、备检文件、说明文档EAGLES/Expert Advisory Groups on Language EAGLES 文本规格Engineering StandardsEmpirical linguistics实证语言学Empiricism经验主义Encoding字符编码Error-tagging错误标注、错误赋码Explicitation显化Extended unit of meaning扩展意义单位File-based search/concordancing批量检索Firthian (linguistics)弗斯（语言学）、弗斯学派的（语言学）Formulaic sequence程式化序列、套语Frequency频数、频率Frequency list词频表General (purpose) corpus通用语料库Genre语体、体裁Grammatical patterning语法型式Granularity颗粒度Hapax legomenon/hapax一次词Header/corpus head文本头、头标、头文件Hidden Markov model (HMM)隐马尔科夫模型、隐马模型Idiom principle习语原则、成语原则Idiomaticity习语性、地道程度Implicitation隐化Index/indexing（建）索引In-line annotation文内标注、行内标注Interlanguage中介语、过渡语Inter-coder agreement/reliability标注者间一致性/信度Introspection/introspective内省（式）（的）Intuition直觉Key keywords关键主题词Keyness主体性、关键性Keywords主题词KWIC/Key Word in Context语境中的关键词、语境共现（方式）KWIC sort语境共现排序、索引行排序Learner corpus学习者语料库Lemma, pl. lemmata/lemmas词目、原形词、词元Lemmatization词形还原、词元化Lemmatizer词形还原工具、词元化工具Lexical bundle词束Lexical density词汇密度Lexical frequency profile词频概貌Lexical grammar词汇语法Lexical item词项、词语项目Lexical patterning词语型式、词汇型式Lexical priming词汇触发理论、词汇启动理论Lexical profile词汇分布概貌Lexical richness词汇丰富度Lexico-grammar词汇语法Lexis词语、词项、词语学Log-likelihood ratio对数似然比、对数似然率Longitudinal/developmental corpus跟踪语料库、发展语料库、历时语料库Machine-readable机读的Machine translation机器翻译Manual annotation手工标注Markup/mark-up标记、置标MDA (Multi-dimensional analysis/approach)多维度分析法Metadata元信息Meta-metadata元元信息MF/MD approach/multi-feature/multi-dimensional多特征/多维度分析法analysisMisuse误用Monitor corpus（动态）监察语料库Monolingual corpus单语语料库Multilingual corpus多语语料库Multimodal corpus多模态语料库MWU/multiword unit多词单位MWE/multiword expression多词表达MI/mutual information互信息、互现信息N-gram N 元组、 N 元序列、 N 元结构、 N 元词、多词序列Neo-Firth (school)新弗斯学派Neo-Firthian新弗斯学派的NLP/Natural Language Processing自然语言处理Node (word)节点（词）Normalization标准化、（翻译）规范化、泛化Normalized frequency标准化频率、标称频率、归一频率Observed corpus观察语料库Ontology知识本体、本体Open choice principle开放选择原则OrthographicOrthography正字法Overuse过多使用、超用、使用过度、过度使用Paradigmatic纵聚合（关系）的Parallel corpus平行语料库、对应语料库Parole linguistics言语语言学Parsed corpus句法标注的语料库、树库Parser句法分析器Parsing句法标注、句法分析Pattern/patterning型式、模式Pattern grammar型式语法Pattern matching模式匹配Pedagogic corpus教学语料库Phraseology短语、短语学Phraseological unit/sequence短语单位 /序列Plain text纯文本POSgram赋码序列、码串POS sequence赋码序列、码串POS tagging/Part-of-Speech tagging词性赋码、词性标注、词性附码POS tagger词性赋码器、词性赋码工具Prefab预制语块Probabilistic（基于）概率的、概率性的、盖然的Probabilistic grammar概率语法、概率性语法、盖然语法Probability概率Query查询、检索Range分布（范围）、跨度Rationalism理性主义Raw frequency原始频数、生频数Raw text/corpus生文本 /生语料Reference corpus参照语料库Regex/RE/RegExp/regular expressions正则表达式、正则式Register variation语域变异Relative frequency相对频率Representative/representativeness代表性（的）Rule-based基于规则的S-universals源语型共性（特征）Sample n./v.样本；取样、采样、抽样Sampling取样、采样、抽样Sanitization净化Search term检索项Search word检索词Segmentation切分、分词Semantic association语义联想Semantic preference语义倾向、语义趋向Semantic prosody语义韵Sentence alignment句对齐、句级对齐SGML/Standard Generalized Markup Language标准通用标记语言Simplification简化Skipgram跨词序列、跨词结构Span跨距Specialized corpus专用语料库、专门用途语料库、专题语料库Standardized type/token ratio标准化类符 /形符比、标准化类/形比、标准化型次比Standardized TTR/STTR标准化类符 /形符比、标准化类/形比、标准化型次比Stand-off annotation分离式标注Stochastic随机的Stop list停用词表、过滤词表Stop word停用词、过滤词Synchronic corpus共时语料库Syntagmatic横组合（关系）的T score T 值T-universals目标语型共性（特征）Tag赋码、标记、附码Tagger赋码器、赋码工具、标注工具Tagging赋码、标注、附码Tag sequence赋码序列、码串Tagset赋码集、码集Tertium comparationis对比中立项、对比基础Text文本Text type文体、文类Text category文体、文类Text mining文本挖掘TEI/Text Encoding Initiative TEI 文本编码计划The Lexical Approach词汇中心教学法The Lexical Syllabus词汇大纲Token形符、词次Token definition/word definition形符界定、单词界定Tokenization分词Tokenizer分词工具Transcription转写Translation memory翻译记忆（库）Translation norms翻译规范Translationuniversals/Universal features of 翻译共性、翻译普遍特征translationTranslational corpus翻译语料库Translationese翻译体、翻译腔Treebank树库Trigram三元组、三元序列、三元结构T-score T 值Type类符、词种、词型TTR类符 /形符比、类 /形比、型次比Type/token ratio类符 /形符比、类 /形比、型次比Underuse少用、使用不足Unicode通用码Unicodify按通用码编码、转换为通用码Unit of meaning意义单位WaC/Web as Corpus网络语料库、网库Wildcard通配符Word alignment词对齐、词级对齐Word form词形Word family词族Word list词表Word sketch词语素描WSD/Word-sense disambiguation词义消歧XML/Extensible Markup Language可扩展标记语言Zipf ’ s Law/Zipfian Law齐夫定律Z score Z 值常用语料库ACE Australian Corpus of EnglishANC American National CorpusARCHER A Representative Corpus of Historical English Registers BASE British Academic Spoken English CorpusBAWE British Academic Written English CorpusBNC British National CorpusBoE Bank of EnglishBrown Brown CorpusCANCODE Cambridge and Nottingham Corpus of Discourse in English CEC China English CorpusCEM Corpus for English MajorsCHILDES Child Language Data Exchange SystemCIC Cambridge International CorpusCLEC Chinese Learners English CorpusCLOB2009 Brown family corpus of British EnglishCOBUILD Collins Birmingham University International Language Database COCA The Corpus of Contemporary American EnglishCOLSEC College Learners Spoken English CorpusCOLT Bergen Corpus of London Teenage LanguageCrown2009 Brown family corpus of American EnglishFLOB Freiburg-LOB Corpus of British EnglishFROWN Freiburg-Brown Corpus of American EnglishHelsinki Diachronic part of the Helsinki Corpus of English Texts DiachroniccorpusHKCSE Hong Kong Corpus of Spoken EnglishICE International Corpus of EnglishICE-GB International Corpus of English: Great BritainICLE International Corpus of Learner EnglishJEFLL Japanese EFL Learner CorpusLCMC Lancaster Corpus Mandarin ChineseLINDSEI Louvain International Database of Spoken English Interlanguage LIVAC Linguistic Variations in Chinese Speech CommunitiesLLC London Lund CorpusLOB Lancaster-Oslo/Bergen CorpusLOCNESS Louvain Corpus of Native English EssaysLONGDALE LONGitudinal DAtabase of Learner EnglishMICASE Michigan Corpus of Academic Spoken EnglishMICUSP Michigan Corpus of Upper-level Student PapersNESSIE Native English Speakers ’Similarly and Identically-prompted EssaysPACCEL Parallel Corpus of Chinese EFL LearnersSBCSAE Santa Barbara Corpus of Spoken American EnglishSCCSD The Spoken Chinese Corpus of Situated DiscourseSCORE Singapore Corpus of Research in EducationSEC Spoken English CorpusSECCL Spoken English Corpus of Chinese LearnersSECOPETS Spoken English Corpus of Public English Test SystemSEU Survey of English UsageSWECCL Spoken and Written English Corpus of Chinese Learners WECCL Written English Corpus of Chinese LearnersLast updated 2012-08-08 by许家金。
语料库语言学：语料库的种类types of corpora
Raw vs. annotated corpora
• Raw corpora（生语料库）： in raw states of plain text; without annotations • Annotated corpora（标注语料库）： some external information is added to a corpus. e.g. information identifying the origin and nature of the text; tagging to show the word class of each word; parsing to show the sentence structure and the function of different elements in a sentence. one specific example, “gives”: third person singular present tense verb In an annotated corpus, the form "gives" may be "gives_VVZ", VVZ: it is a third person singular present tense (Z) form of a lexical verb (VV). Such annotation makes it quicker and easier to retrieve and analyze information about the language contained in the corpus.
Native vs. learner corpora
• Native speaker’s corpora（本族语语料库）: texts from native speakers. • Learner corpora（学习者语料库）: texts from langor corpora
Basic terms in corpus linguistics
Basic terms in corpus linguistics1.Corpus 语料库:指按照一定的语言学原则，运用随机抽样方法，搜集自然出现的连续的语言运用文本或话语片段而建成的具有一定容量的大型电子文库。
（杨惠中2002：33）2. Corpus linguistics: 语料库语言学的发展正是受益于计算机和电子文本的出现，才使得快速地，大量地收集自然语言成为可能。
语料库语言学正是运用这一优势对语言现象进行客观地分析。
3.text: 文本: raw text 生文本; annotated text 标注文本annotation（标注): POS tagging，语音，语义，语误（语言信息）Markup: 元信息标记（matadata markup）文本的外部信息和内部结构信息（段落，文献等一般都是在文本开头与文本分开标记），14. token形符: total number of words in a corpus.一个文本的形符数就是该文本的长度，文本一共有多少个词，就有多少个形符。
只是单词？5. type类符:different words in a corpus在词频统计中相同的形符称为类符，一个文本的类符数就是该文本不同词形的数量。
文本一共有多少个不同的词形，就有多少个类符。
1 对词形的解释？6. type token ratio类符/形符比单纯的形符数和类符数不能反映文本的本质特征，但两者的比率却在一定程度上反映了文本的某些本质特征，即衡量文本中的词汇密度（lexical density）7. standardized type-token ratio标准化类符形符比：文本中有大量的功能词（the, a, at等）反复出现，文本每增加一个词，形符就会增加一个，但类符却未必增加，文本越长，功能次重复的次数就越多，TTR也就越低。
因此，采用TTR来计算长度不等的文本的词汇密度就显得很不合理。
语言学术语(1).
1. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.2. Linguistics is generally defined as the study of language.3. Phonetics is defined as the study of the phonic medium of language; it is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the world’s languages.4. Phonology a ims at discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication.5. Morphology refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.6. Syntax is a branch of linguistics that studies how words are combined to form sentences and the rules that govern the formation of sentences.7. Semantics can be simply defined as the study of meaning.8. Pragmatics is the study of how speakers o f a language use sentences t o effect successful communication.9. Sociolinguistics is the sub-field of linguistics that studies the relation between language and society, between the uses of language and the social structures in which the users of language live.10．Psycholinguistics is the study of language processing. It is concerned with the processes of language comprehension and production.11. If the linguistics study aims to lay down rules for “correct and standard”behavior in using language, it is said to be prescriptive12. If a linguistic study aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, it is said to be descriptive13. Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.14.Parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use.15. Chomsky defines competence as the ideal user’s knowledge of the rulesof his language.16. Chomsky defines performance as the actual realization of this knowledgein linguistic communication.17. Design Feature refers to the defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication.18. Arbitrariness means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds.19. Productivity means that language is productive or creative in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users.20. Duality means that language is a system, which consists of two sets of structures, or two levels.21. Displacement means that language can be used to refer to things which are present or not present, real or imagined matters in the past, present, or future, or in far-away places.22. CulturaTransmission s hows that language is culturally transmitted.23. A phone i s a phonetic unit or segment.24. Phoneme i s a phonological unit that is of distinctive value.25. The most basic element of meaning is traditionally called morpheme26. Prefix is the morphemes that occur only before other morphemes.Suffix is the morphemes that occur only after other morphemes.27. Root28. Category refers to a group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language such as a sentence, a noun phrase or a verb.29. Transformation is a special type of rule that can move an element from one position to another.30. Deep Structure (or D-structure) is formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head’s sub-categorization properties.Surface Structure is corresponding to the final syntactic form of the sentence which results from appropriate transformations.31. Performative is the sentences that did not state a fact or describe a state, and were not verifiable.Constative is the statements t hat either state or describe, and were thus verifiable.32. Synonymy r efers to the sameness or close similarity of meaning.33. Antonymy i s used for oppositeness;34. Homonymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form.35. Polysemy means that different words have the same or similar meaning, and the same word may have more than one meaning.36. Hyponymy refers to the sense relation between a more general, more inclusive word and a more specific word.37. Dialect (7 types) Regional dialect, Sociolect, Language gender, Language and age, Idiolect., Ethnic dialect38. The type of language which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is Register39. Field (Tenor, Mode)of Discourse40. Learning Strategy(3 types)41. Personality42. Culture, in a broad sense, means the total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community.43. Context44. Acquisition r efers to the child’s acquisition of his mother tongue.45. Learning46.Transfer(2 types) A distinction made between positive transfer and negative transfer. While the former would facilitate target language learning, the later would interfere.47. Error（Mistake）Errors defined as unintentionally deviant from the target language and not self-corrigible by the learner suggest failure in competence, mistakes as either intentionally or unintentionally deviant forms and self-corrigible suggest failure in performance.48. Interlanguge established as learners’independent system of the second language which is of neither the native language nor the second language, but acontinuum or approximation from his native language to the target language.Fossilization i s defined as a process occurring from time to time in which incorrect linguistic features become a permanent part of the way a person speaks or writes a language.49. Language aptitude refers to a natural ability for learning a second language.50. Motivation（4 types）defined as the learner’s attitudes and affective state or learning drive, has a strong impact on his efforts in learning a second language. Instrumental motivation, Integrative motivation, Resultative motivation, Intrinsic motivation.。
汉语言文学专业英语词汇分析解析
汉语言文学专业英语词汇分析解析汉语言文学专业词汇（英文版）felix2021-01-0716:31:09现代文学：contemporaryliterature大众文学：popularliterature报告文学：reportage批判主义：criticism伊索寓言：aesop`sfables希腊文化：hellenism形而上学：metaphysis孔子学说：confucian喜怒哀乐：pleasureangersorrowjoy发源地：source爱美剧：amateur修辞学：rhetoric语音学：phonetic助动词：auxiliaryverb感叹词：interjection连接词：linkword逻辑词：logicalword里程碑：milestone拉丁语：latin田园诗：idyl无名氏：annymousperson真善美：truthgoodnessbeauty英语分类词汇：文学有关词汇classicalliterature古典文学contemporaryliterature现代文学popularliterature大众文学lightliterature通俗文学folklore民间文学saga(river)novel长篇小说shortnovel,longshortstory中篇小说shortstory短篇小说lovestory爱情小说deterctivestory侦破小说mysterystory怪诞小说whodunit推理小说humorousstory幽默小说historicalnovel历史小说essay随笔bookoftravels游记reportage报告文学criticism评论bestseller畅销书anthology全集copyright版权,著作权deluxebinding精装flatstitching平装smythsewed线装humanities人文学科writer作家book书volume卷thethreeunities三一律(一个情节,一个地点,一个时间)playwright编剧act幕scene场plot情节appendix1aglossaryoflinguistictermsaabbreviation[]n.简写.简写词.科唇ablative[]n.动名词a.动名词的absolute[]a.单一制的.单一制成分absoluteclause单一制从句abstractnouns抽象名词adjective[]n.形容词a.形容词的adjunct[]n.附加语.修饰语.修饰成分adnominal[]a.（定语）修饰名词的.形容词的.形容名词的adverb[]n.副词；状语adverbial[]a.副词的,作副词用的adversative[]a.反意的.相反的n.反义字(转折语)affirmative[]n.肯定词.肯定语affix[]n1.附加物.添加物2.字缀.词缀(affixhopping词缀跳跃)affixation[]n.附加.附加法.词缀附加法affricate[]n.塞擦音agent(agentive)施事agreement[]n.(人称.性别.数.格的)一致airstream[]n.气流alliteration[]n.头韵(法)allomorph[]n.同质异形体.词.语素变体allophone[]n.同位音.音位变体allophonicvariation音位变体alveolar[]n.齿龈音，齿槽音.alveolarridge齿龈ambiguity[ambiguous歧义的anacoluthon[]n.含混，歧义]n.发生改变观点.错格.句法结构前后不一anadiplosis[]n.反复法.顶真analogical[]a.类似的.类推的analogicalcreation类推造字anapaest[]n.抑抑扬格.弱弱强格.短短长格anaphora[]n.复指.首语(句)重复法annotation[]n.注释.注解antecedent[]n.(关系代词的)先行词antithesis[]n.1.对立面;矛盾2.(修辞学)对语,对偶,对句antonomasia[]n.代称，称谓替代antonym[]n.反义词,反义现象aphorism[]n.格言.警句.箴言aposiopesis[]n.话语中断，骂人中断法apostrophe[]n.1.呼语2.竖钩号3.省略符号4.所有格符号appellative[]a.1.名称的2.俗称的n.俗称名词.普通名词apposition[]n.1.同位语2.棘劫appropriateness[]n.庄重.适宜.适度.为重arbitrariness[]n.任意性archaism[]n.古体，拟古，古语argot[]n.行语，暗语，黑话article[]n.冠词articulation[]n.(确切的)发音.收到的(辅)音.发音动作articulator[]n.1.发音确切的人或物2.发音器官articulatory[]a.发音准确的.与发音有关的aside片头，私语，离题话aspect[]n.(动词的)体.时态.时间aspirated[]a.伴有h音的.送气音的.吐气.送气assimilation[]n.同化aureate[]a.绚丽的（--diction,绚丽辞令cstyle绚丽体）assonance[]n.1.谐音2.(诗的)准押韵.半谐音attributive[]a.1.归属的.属性的2.定语的n.定语auxiliary[]a.辅助的.附属的.从属的n.助词auxiliaryverb助动词bback-formation逆构词法baseform基础形式behaviouralprocess行为过程behaviourism行为主义bilabial[]a.双唇音的n.双唇音bilabialnasal双唇鼻音bilateral[]a.双边的.双边音bilateralopposition双边对立。
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Plain text
纯文本
POSgram
赋码序列、码串
POS sequence
赋码序列、码串
POS tagging/Part-of-Speech tagging
词性赋码、词性标注、词性附码
POS tagger
词性赋码器、词性赋码工具
Prefab
预制语块
Probabilistic
（基于）概率的、概率性的、盖然的
同现词列、框合结构
Concord
索引（行）（简略形式）
Concordance (line)
索引（行）
Concordance plot
（索引）词图
Concordancer
索引工具
Concordancing
索引分析
Context
语境、上下文
Context word
语境词
Contextual prosody
NLP/Natural Language Processing
自然语言处理
Node (word)
节点（词）
Normalization
标准化、（翻译）规范化、泛化
Normalized frequency
标准化频率、标称频率、归一频率
Observed corpus
观察语料库
Ontology
知识本体、本体
随机的
Stop list
停用词表、过滤词表
Stop word
停用词、过滤词
Synchronic corpus
共时语料库
Syntagmatic
横组合（关系）的
T score
T值
T-universals
目标语型共性（特征）
元元信息
MF/MD approach/multi-feature/multi-dimensional analysis
多特征/多维度分析法
Misuse
误用
Monitor corpus
（动态）监察语料库
Monolingual corpus
单语语料库
Multilingual corpus
多语语料库
Multimodal corpus
Discourse prosody
话语韵律
Documentation
文检报告、备检文件、说明文档
EAGLES/Expert Advisory Groups on Language Engineering Standards
EAGLES文本规格
Empirical linguistics
实证语言学
Empiricism
句法标注的语料库、树库
Parser
句法分析器
Parsing
句法标注、句法分析
Pattern/patterning
型式、模式
Pattern grammar
型式语法
Pattern matching
模式匹配
Pedagogic corpus
教学语料库
Phraseology
短语、短语学
Phraseological unit/sequence
美国信息交换标准码
Associates (of keywords)
（主题词的）联想词
AWL/academic word list
学术词表
Balanced corpus
平衡语料库
Base list/baselist
底表、基础词表
Bigram
二元组、二元序列、二元结构
Bi-text/bitext
双语合并文本、双语分行对齐文本（一句源语一句目标语对齐后的文本）
源语型共性（特征）
Samplen./v.
样本；取样、采样、抽样
Sampling
取样、采样、抽样
Sanitization
净化
Search term
检索项
Search word
检索词
Segmentation
切分、分词
Semantic association
语义联想
Semantic preference
语义倾向、语义趋向
Annotated text/corpus
标注文本/语料库、赋码文本/语料库
Annotation
标注（名词）
Annotation scheme
标注方案
ANSI/American National Standards Institute
美国国家标准学会
ASCII/American Standard Code for Information Exchange
文内标注、行内标注
Interlanguage
中介语、过渡语
Inter-coder agreement/reliability
标注者间一致性/信度
Introspection/introspective
内省（式）（的）
Intuition
直觉
Key keywords
关键主题词
Keyness
主体性、关键性
Keywords
Regex/RE/RegExp/regular expressions
正则表达式、正则式
Register variation
语域变异
Relative frequency
相对频率
Representative/representativeness
代表性（的）
Rule-based
基于规则的
S-universals
Probabilistic grammar
概率语法、概率性语法、盖然语法
Probability
概率
Query
查询、检索
Range
分布（范围）、跨度
Rationalism
理性主义
Raw frequency
原始频数、生频数
Raw text/corpus
生文本/生语料
Reference corpus
参照语料库
Lexical profile
词汇分布概貌
Lexical richness
词汇丰富度
Lexico-grammar
词汇语法
Lexis
词语、词项、词语学
Log-likelihood ratio
对数似然比、对数似然率
Longitudinal/developmental corpus
跟踪语料库、发展语料库、历时语料库
一次词
Header/corpus head
文本头、头标、头文件
Hidden Markov model (HMM)
隐马尔科夫模型、隐马模型
Idiom principle
习语原则、成语原则
Idiomaticity
习语性、地道程度
Implicitation
隐化
Index/indexing
（建）索引
In-line annotation
Open choice principle
开放选择原则
Orthographic
Orthography
正字法
Overuse
过多使用、超用、使用过度、过度使用
Paradigmatic
纵聚合（关系）的
Parallel corpus
平行语料库、对应语料库
Parole linguistics
言语语言学
Parsed corpus
Bi-hapax
两次词
Bilingual corpus
双语语料库
Bootcamp debate/discourse/discussion
（新手）训练营大辩论/话语/大探讨
CA/Contrastive Analysis
对比分析
Case-sensitive/case sensitivity
大小写敏感、区分大小写
语境韵律
Contingency table
连列表、联列表、列连表、列联表
Co-occurrence/Co-occurring
共现、同现
Corpus Linguistics
语料库语言学
Corpus,pl. corpora
语料库
Corpus-based
基于语料库的
Corpus-based translation studies
Lexical bundle
词束
Lexical density
词汇密度
Lexical frequency profile
词频概貌
Lexical grammar
词汇语法
Lexical item
词项、ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ语项目
Lexical patterning
词语型式、词汇型式
Lexical priming
词汇触发理论、词汇启动理论
共选（机制）
Co-text
共文
Data mining
数据挖掘
DDL/Data Driven Learning
数据驱动学习
Dependency
（句法）依存关系
Dice coefficient
Dice系数
Disambiguation
消歧
Diachronic corpus
历时语料库
Discourse
话语、语篇
CLAWS词性赋码系统
Clean text policy
干净文本原则
Cluster
词簇、词丛
Colligation
类联接、类连接、类联结
Collocaten./v.
搭配词；搭配
Collocability
搭配强度、搭配力
Collocation