英美诗歌选读第一讲

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美国文学选读1

美国文学选读Lecture 1 American Literature:An Introduction♦What is Literature?♦The Purposes of Reading Literature♦How to Approach a Literary Work?♦What Does It Mean by American Literature?♦Some Characteristics of American Literature♦The Development of American Literature♦Benjamin Franklin: The AutobiographyWhat is Literature?♦comes from human interest in telling stories♦14th century : polite learning through reading. A man of letters meant a man of wide reading♦Mid-18th century: the practice and profession of writing♦Since the 19th century: the high skills ofwriting in the special context of high imaginationFor more details, seeWu DingBo. An Outline of American Literature. P1.The Random House Dictionary definition of the word “literature”:1. writing regarded as having permanent worth through its intrinsic excellence;2. the entire body of writing of a specific language, period, people, etc.;3. writing dealing with a particular subject;4. the group of imaginative writing including ficti on, poetry, drama…The four main categories of literature:1.fiction: novel, novella, short stories,myth, legend, folktale…2. poetry: epic, ballad, free verse,lyrics, psalm, eulogy, sonnet…3. drama: play, opera, radio/TV/film scripts…4. prose: essay, criticism, literary theory, (auto)biography…The Purposes of Reading Literature:♦Reading for pleasure♦Reading for relaxation♦Reading for acquiring knowledge♦Reading for sharing human experience♦Reading for professional criticismHow to Approach a Literary Work?♦Analyticale.g. the elements of fiction: plot, character, setting, point of view, theme, symbol, allegory, style, tone, etc.♦ThematicWhat is it about? e.g. love, freedom, courage, alienation, etc.♦HistoricalThe historical development of literature, e.g. romanticism, realism, naturalism, modernism, post-modernism.What Does It Mean by American Literature?♦By the literature of the United States, we mean all written and oral literary works produced in that part of the world has become the United States of America.See Emory Elliott, et al eds. Columbia Literary History of the United States. Columbia University Press, 1988.pxix.Some Basic Characteristics of American Literature:♦Short history but great achievement♦Began with oral myths, legends, tales♦Poetry, fiction, drama, essay all highly developed♦Female, ethnic literature came into the centre♦Drawn immense interest from Chinese readersThe Development of American Literature:1.The Colonial Period: 1609—17762.The Revolutionary Period: 1776—18203.The Romantic Period: 1820—18654.The Realism and Naturalism: 1865—19205.The Modern Period: 1920—19606.The Post-modern Period: since 1960Benjamin Franklin: The Autobiography:♦ a second-generation immigrant of English descendent♦Writer, printer, publisher, scientist, statesman, and diplomat, he was the most famous and respected private figure of his time.♦Benjamin Franklin recorded his early life in his famous book The Autobiography.♦He was the first great self-made man in America, a poor democrat born in an aristocratic age♦supported the cause of independence,, and aided Jefferson in writing the Declaration of Independence.♦Practical yet idealistic, hard working and enormously successful.♦the Scottish philosopher DavidHume called him America's "firstgreat man of letters”.Major Works:Franklin’s place in literature owes much to hisalmanac and autobiography♦Poor Richard’s Almanac (1732)（格言历书）♦Published from 1732 to 1758 under the name of Richard SaundersFull of proverbs which teach people thrift, carefulness, and independencePoor Richard’s Almanac:♦lost time is never found again”♦“a penny saved is penny earned”♦“God helps those that help themselves”♦“Early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise”The Autobiography:♦Franklin wrote the first five chapters of the book in England in 1771, resumed again thirteen years later (1784-85) in Paris and later in 1788 when he returned to America. He ends the account of his life in 1757 when he was 51 years old.♦Although Franklin worked on the Autobiography at four different times (1771,1784, 1788, and 1788----1789) and revised the completed portions extensively, it remained unfinished at his death.♦It is now widely considered to be the greatest autobiography of its kind.Part One:•Franklin gave the work a rough structural unity, dividing it into four parts.•The first part is an entertaining description of his life up to early manhood. This earlier part dealt with his boyhood, his difficulties in finding an appropriate vocation, his conflicts with his brother, his employers, his friends and with his unreliable patrons, success in printing industry and marriage.•The young Franklin possesses numerous faults, but he eventually succeeds because of his talent, industry, and capacity for learning from error.Part Two:•Franklin focuses on his rise to prosperity, his scientific studies, andespecially on his work as philanthropist and statesman.• A bridge between Franklin’s youth and his adulthood, the section codifies the principles that Franklin learnedthrough experience were necessary for happiness and success, but it alsosatirizes the young Franklin’s naive arrogance and rationalizati on.Part Three and Part Four:♦Written in his hometown Philadelphia, about his life during the ages of 25 to 51♦His later life as a politician in Europe and America were scarcely mentioned♦So, The Autobiography did not record the complete life of Benjamin Franklin•Franklin now realizes the part he has played in American history and writes about himself “for the improvement of others”Section A: To His Son♦Page 2 to 3♦The opening part of the whole book♦Reasons for writing this autobiography♦“imagining it m ay be equally agreeable to you to know the circumstances of my life—many of which you are yet unacquainted with—and expecting a week’s uninterrupted Leisure in my present country retirement, I sit down t write them for you.”Section B: The Arrival in Philadelphia♦“Night approaching, we had no remedy but to have patience till the wind abated, and in the meantime the boatman and I concluded to sleep if we could, and so we crowded into the scuttle with the Dutchman who was still wet, and the spray breaking over the head of our boat leaked through to us, so that we were soon almost as wet as he. In this manner we lay all night with very little rest; but the wind abating the next day, we madea shift to reach Amboy before night, having been thirty hours on the water withoutvictuals or any drink but a bottle of filthy rum, the water we sailed on being salt. ” p6, para 2.♦“I sat down among them, and after looking round awhile and hearing nothing said, being very drowsy through labour and want of rest the preceding night, I fell fast asleep and continued so till the meeting broke up, when someone was kind enough to rouse me.This was therefore the first house I was in or slept in, in Philadelphia.” p7, the end. Summary♦Courage♦perseverance ♦Plain language ♦Smooth narration ♦Simplicity♦SincerityThe 13 Virtues:1.Temperance2.Silence3.Order4.Resolution5.Frugality6.Industry7.Sincerity 8.justice9.Moderation10.Cleanliness11.Tranquility12.Chastity13.HumilityComments:♦Franklin’s autobiography remains one of the classics of its kind. It shows Franklin as a man of versatile energy and new ideas, a man who represented American enlightenment and the fulfillment of American dream.♦It is a humorous and fascinating record of an old man’s reflections on his rise from a poor boy to a rich and famous personage through self-reliance and self-improvement.Questions:1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography?2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother whom he fad been apprenticed?3.How did he arrive in Philadelphia?4.What features do you find in the style of the above selection?。

英美文学选读课件PPT课件

总结词
培养人文素养
详细描述
通过对英美文学作品的主题和思想内涵的分析，可以培养我们的人文素养，提高对文学、文化和社会的认识和理解。
探讨作品的艺术手法和语言特色
总结词
欣赏文学技巧
详细描述
艺术手法和语言特色是文学作品的重要组成部分，通过探讨作品的艺术手法和语言特色，可以更好地欣赏文学的技巧和魅力。
总结词
增强审美能力
详细描述
通过对作品艺术手法和语言特色的探讨，可以增强我们的审美能力，提高对文学作品的鉴赏水平。
总结词
学习语言表达
详细描述
英美文学作品的语言表达富有特色，通过学习作品的艺术手法和语言特色，可以学习到地道的语言表达方式，提高英语语言表达能力。
04
英美文学作品在当代的影响和价值
对当代文学的影响
英美文学选读课件ppt课件
• 英美文学概述 • 英美文学作品选读 • 英美文学作品的赏析方法 • 英美文学作品在当代的影响和价值 • 总结与思考
01
英美文学概述
英美文学的发展历程
早期文学
当代文学
从盎格鲁-撒克逊时期到文艺复兴时期，英美文学逐渐形成和发展，涌现出许多杰出的作家和作品。
从20世纪末至今，英美文学呈现出多元化的发展趋势，涵盖了各种文学流派和风格，如后现代主义、魔幻现实主义等。
通过阅读英美文学作品，人们可以拓展视野、丰富内心世界，增强自我认知和自我成长的能力。同时，文学作品中所蕴含的人生哲理和智慧，也能为人们在生活中提供指导和启示。
05
总结与思考
对英美文学的总体评价和思考
英美文学在世界文学中的地位
英美文学作为世界文学的重要组成部分，具有深远的影响力和独特的魅力。通过学习和研究英美文学，可以深入了解西方文化、历史和社会背景，拓宽视野，提高跨文化交流的能力。

英美诗歌选读第一讲

英美诗歌选读第一讲英美诗歌的韵步第一节韵步的定义与种类韵步（foot，也被称为音步），是由音节（syllable）组成的，因此，首先要了解什么是音节。

音节由音素（phone）构成，它是语音中最小的不可再分解的单位，是字母组合后的读音标记。

音素靠听觉辨认，字母靠视觉辨认，音素属于读音系统，字母属于拼写系统。

例如，scansion [′skæn∫зn]由8个字母拼写而成，只有7个音素。

英语音素分为元音（vowel）和辅音（consonant），共有48个。

音节是英语的发音单位，由一个元音或者由一个元音同一个或若干个辅音构成。

音节可分为单音节、双音节、多音节三类。

单音节：you，day，me，big，make，bar等。

双音节：begin，open，foolish，summer，mountain等。

多音节：wonderful，revolution，satisfactory等。

辅音也可构成音节，如people，rhythm中的ple和thm都属于一个音节。

每个英语单词都有一个重读音节，其重读音节是固定的。

如husband，共两个音节，第一个音节重读；express有两个音节，第二个音节重读；beautiful有三个音节，第一个音节重读；religion有三个音节，第二个音节重读；subterranean有四个音节，第三个音节重读。

在短语或句子中，冠词和介词一般不重读。

如在in the morning，on a desk中，in、the、on、a都不重读。

弄清楚什么是音节，就可以理解什么是韵步了。

韵步是一个或两个重读音节和一个或两个非重读音节的排列组合。

其类型如下：韵步类型表名称英语名称的形容词形式例子（大写表示重读）抑抑格pyrrhicpyrrhicin a抑扬格iambiambicenGAGE扬抑格trocheetrochaicALways扬扬格spondeespondaicHOT STUFF抑抑抑格tribrachtribrachicand in the抑抑扬格anapaestanapaesticon the WAY抑扬抑格amphibrachamphibrachiceTERnal抑扬扬格bacciusbachiacthe WHOLE DAY扬抑抑格dactyldactylicWANdering扬抑扬格amphimacer or creticcreticPIECE of CAKE扬扬抑格antibachiusantibachiacGOOD MORning扬扬扬格molossusmolossicGREAT WHITE HOPE第二节韵步类型举例一、抑扬格抑扬格是一个非重读音节和一个重读音节的排列组合。

《英美文学选读》串讲课件(高度归纳版)[1]

英美文学选读要点总结精心整理[英国』Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴1. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。

2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物之灵。

3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。

4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托马斯.摩尔，克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。

5. Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进英国。

《英美诗歌选读》课件

英美诗歌选读 - 莎士比亚的诗歌
了解莎士比亚的诗歌创作和其在文学中的巨大影响力，分析他的代表作品和独特的文学特色。
英美诗歌选读 - 红楼梦中的诗歌
探索红楼梦中的诗歌形式和作用，分析诗歌与小说情节的关系，体味红楼梦的诗意之美。
英美诗歌选读 - 美国现代主义诗歌
介绍美国现代主义诗歌的发展和其独特特征，分析代表作品和独特的艺术手法。
英美诗歌选读 - 英国浪漫中的代表作品和主题思想。
英美诗歌选读 - 总结
归纳英美诗歌选读的内容和重点，总结诗歌的艺术魅力和文化意义，点亮你对诗歌的热情和探索。
《英美诗歌选读》PPT课件
欢迎来到《英美诗歌选读》PPT课件！本课件将介绍英美诗歌的精选内容，探讨诗歌的艺术魅力和文化意义。
英美诗歌选读 - 简介
了解英美诗歌选读的概念和作用，探讨诗歌在文学中的重要性和影响力。
英美诗歌选读 - 现代英美诗歌
介绍现代英美诗歌的发展和特点，分析其主题和艺术风格，引领我们进入诗歌的现代世界。

1. Victorian literature自考英美文学选读课件

Revision: look at the contents
Old and Medieval Renaissance : Shakespeare, Milton (
(
): Defoe, (
): (
), (
)
), ( )
), Wordsworth, (
Victorian: Dickens, Bronte sisters, Hardy new
④ With the ascendancy of the industrial capitalists, the majority of whom lived an idle life on interests. ⑤ The contradiction of poverty and enormous wealth needs a secular form to explore human relations rather than sermons given in a church. ⑥ The feminist movement. They are the themes in the novel of the 19th century.
Modern period: Shaw, T.S.Eliot, Lawrence
The Victorian Literature
historical background Victorian Literature
Historical background
Queen Victoria was the ruler of England from 1836 to 1901, so it is customary to call the writings produced during this long stretch of years Victorian literature. It is commonly divided into 3 phases:

第一讲：英语诗歌的韵步

学生专业班级
学时数
《英美诗歌选读》课程教案首页（总）
英语专业 32
通过系统学习英美诗歌的韵律与类型，进一步增强对英美文化的了解，提高英教学目的语水平和自身的文化修养。
教学内容
1．英美诗歌的韵律，包括韵步、韵步数、押韵、基本押韵格式、十四行诗押韵格式、诗行与韵律的关系、素体诗与自由诗的韵律等；
antibachius
扬扬扬格 molossic
molossus
the WHOLE DAY
WANdering
PIECE of CAKE
GREAT WHITE HOPE
第二节韵步类型举例
一、抑扬格
抑扬格是一个非重读音节和一个重读音节的排列组合。英语诗歌以抑扬格韵步为主，如莎士比亚十四行诗《我可以把你比作夏天吗？》最后两行的韵步划分如下（每个韵步由竖杠“|”隔开， “_”代表非重读音节，“/”代表重读音节）：
每个韵步都是两个音节，且每个韵步都是一个非重读音节加一个重读音节构成。又如华兹华斯的《我独自漫游，像一朵孤云》第一诗节：
_ / _ / __ _ / I wan|dered lone|ly as |a cloud _ /_/_/ _/
1 只要人能呼吸眼不盲，/ 这诗和你将千秋流芳。（孙梁译） -4-
教学方法课堂讲解欣赏为主，启发学生对诗歌的理解
多媒体，粉笔，黑板教具
归纳课后总结
总结所学章节内容，举例说明诗歌的韵律与类型作业
备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。
-1-
对全部高中资料试卷电气设备，在安装过程中以及安装结束后进行高中资料试卷调整试验；通电检查所有设备高中资料电试力卷保相护互装作置用调与试相技互术关，系电，力通根保1据过护生管高产线中工敷资艺设料高技试中术卷资0配不料置仅试技可卷术以要是解求指决，机吊对组顶电在层气进配设行置备继不进电规行保范空护高载高中与中资带资料负料试荷试卷下卷问高总题中体2资2配，料置而试时且卷，可调需保控要障试在各验最类；大管对限路设度习备内题进来到行确位调保。整机在使组管其高路在中敷正资设常料过工试程况卷中下安，与全要过，加度并强工且看作尽护下可1都关能可于地以管缩正路小常高故工中障作资高；料中对试资于卷料继连试电接卷保管破护口坏进处范行理围整高，核中或对资者定料对值试某，卷些审弯异核扁常与度高校固中对定资图盒料纸位试，置卷编.工保写况护复进层杂行防设自腐备动跨与处接装理地置，线高尤弯中其曲资要半料避径试免标卷错高调误等试高，方中要案资求，料技编试术写5、卷交重电保底要气护。设设装管备备置线4高、调动敷中电试作设资气高，技料课中并术3试、件资且中卷管中料拒包试路调试绝含验敷试卷动线方设技作槽案技术，、以术来管及避架系免等统不多启必项动要方方高式案中，；资为对料解整试决套卷高启突中动然语过停文程机电中。气高因课中此件资，中料电管试力壁卷高薄电中、气资接设料口备试不进卷严行保等调护问试装题工置，作调合并试理且技利进术用行，管过要线关求敷运电设行力技高保术中护。资装线料置缆试做敷卷到设技准原术确则指灵：导活在。。分对对线于于盒调差处试动，过保当程护不中装同高置电中高压资中回料资路试料交卷试叉技卷时术调，问试应题技采，术用作是金为指属调发隔试电板人机进员一行，变隔需压开要器处在组理事在；前发同掌生一握内线图部槽纸故内资障，料时强、，电设需回备要路制进须造行同厂外时家部切出电断具源习高高题中中电资资源料料，试试线卷卷缆试切敷验除设报从完告而毕与采，相用要关高进技中行术资检资料查料试和，卷检并主测且要处了保理解护。现装场置设。备高中资料试卷布置情况与有关高中资料试卷电气系统接线等情况，然后根据规范与规程规定，制定设备调试高中资料试卷方案。

英美诗歌欣赏Unit 1

A General Introduction to English Poetry
• 1) General Differences between Poetry and Other Forms of Literature
• 1. ① Poetry plays with sounds, words and grammar. ② Poetry is difficult to write, but interesting to read.③ Poetry calls up all the colors, feelings,experiences and curious images of a dream world.
• THE NIGHT was wide, and furnished scant With but a single star, That often as a cloud it met Blew out itself for fear.
• Ideas. What is the big picture? What are you trying to say when you write? Every art project should have a specific central idea, an idea that can be grasped. On rare occasions I start with a general idea and try to write a poem to illustrate that idea. With most of the poems I discover an idea in the process of writing. Then I'll look back on these poems, try to figure out what it means, then I try to edit the poem to make a central idea more clear.

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音节由音素（phone）构成，它是语音中最小的不可再分解的单位，是字母组合后的读音标记。

音素靠听觉辨认，字母靠视觉辨认，音素属于读音系统，字母属于拼写系统。

例如，scansion [′skæn∫зn]由8个字母拼写而成，只有7个音素。

英语音素分为元音（vowel）和辅音（consonant），共有48个。

音节是英语的发音单位，由一个元音或者由一个元音同一个或若干个辅音构成。

音节可分为单音节、双音节、多音节三类。

单音节：you，day，me，big，make，bar等。

双音节：begin，open，foolish，summer，mountain等。

多音节：wonderful，revolution，satisfactory等。

辅音也可构成音节，如people，rhythm中的ple和thm都属于一个音节。

每个英语单词都有一个重读音节，其重读音节是固定的。

在短语或句子中，冠词和介词一般不重读。

如在in the morning，on a desk中，in、the、on、a都不重读。

弄清楚什么是音节，就可以理解什么是韵步了。

韵步是一个或两个重读音节和一个或两个非重读音节的排列组合。

英诗的韵步不是机械的一成不变，而总是有拗变（variation），几乎所有的英诗都有拗变，只要绝大部分韵步属于某种类型即可。

二、扬抑格扬抑格是一个重读音节与一个非重读音节的排列组合。

只有第四行的第三个韵步是拗变，被抑抑格代替。

第二行的第一个韵步被抑扬格代替，第三个韵步被抑抑格代替。

由于在同一个韵步中两个音节同时重读几乎完全限定在组合词或者两个相邻的单音节词上，因此英语诗歌中扬扬格的诗行很少。

这种韵步不是为了组成诗行，而是用来代替抑扬格或扬抑格，目的在于使诗歌的节奏发生变化，追求新的节奏美感。

因此，这行诗是扬扬格和抑扬格相互组合的诗行。

四、抑抑扬格抑抑扬格是由两个非重读音节和一个重读音节组成的韵步，属于三音节韵步。

抑扬格韵步和抑抑扬格韵步是从非重读音节到重读音节的组合，因此它们被称为升调韵步行（rising meter）。

前面所引的《失乐园》诗行中，第一行第三韵步、第二行第三韵步、第三行第三韵步是抑抑扬格。

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