英语语法术语英汉对照表
语法术语英汉对照表
A
active sentence 主动句
active voice 主动态
ability 能力
absolute construction 独立结构abstract noun抽象名词
adjective形容词
adjunct 修饰形状语
adverb 副词
adverb of degree 程度副词
adverb of frequency 频度副词
adverb of manner 方式副词
adverb of place 地点副词
adverb of time 时间副词
adverbial 状语
adverbial clause of cause 原因状语分句adverbial clause of concession 让步状语分句
adverbial clause of condition 条件状语分句
adverbial clause of manner 方式状语分句adverbial clause of place 地点状语分句adverbial clause of purpose 目的状语分句adverbial clause of result 结果状语分句adverbial clause of time 时间状语分句adverb phrase 副词词组
affix 词缀
allomorph 词素变体
alternative form 替换形式
alternative question 选择性疑问句attachment rule 依着法则
analytic form 分析形式
anaphoric reference 后照应anaphoric specific reference 后照应特指antecedent 先行项
anticip atory "it" 先行“it”
antonym 反义词
appositive 同位语
appropriacy 适合性
aspect 体
assertive word 肯定次
attribute 定语
attributive clause 定于从句
auxiliary 助动词
B
bare infinitive 不带to不定式
base form 原形
basic clause type 分句基本类型/基本句型basic form 基本形式
be-passive be-型被动态
be-subjunctive be-型虚拟式
bound morpheme 粘附词素
C
cardinal numeral 基数词
case 格
cataphoric reference 前照应cataphoric specific reference 前照应特指central adjective 中心形容词
central determiner 中位限定词
clausal substitution 分句性替代
clause 分句
clause element 分句成分
cleft sentence 分裂句
climax 层进法
closed class 封闭词类
coherence 连贯性cohesion 粘着性
collective noun 集体名词
combining form 组合形式
command/imperative sentence 祈使句common case 通格
common gender 通性
common noun 普通名词communicative function 交际功能comparative clause 比较分句comparative construction 比较结构comparative degree 比较级comparative reference 比较照应complementation 补足成分
complex clause 复杂分句
complex preposition 复杂介词complex sentence 复杂句
complex subordinator 复杂从属连词complex transitive verb 复杂宾语及物动词
complex verb phrase 复杂动词词组compound adjective 复合形容词compound adverb 复合副词
compound-complex sentence 并列复杂句
compound conjunction 复合连词compound noun 复合名词compound predicate 并列谓语compound preposition 复合介词compound pronoun 复合代词compound sentence 并列句compound subject 并列主语compound verb 复合动词
compound word 复合词
concord/agreement 一致
conditional 条件句
conjunction 连词
conjunctive adverb 连接副词
conjunct 连接性状语
content word 实义词
contracted form 缩略形式contrastive meaning 对比含义coordinate element 并列成分coordinate construction 并列结构coordinate subject并列结构作主语coordinator 并列连词
coreference pro-form 指代词correctness 正确性
correlative coordinator 关联并列连词correlative subordinator 关联从属连词count/countable noun 可数名词
D
dangling participle 悬垂分词
definite article 定冠词
definite quantity 确定数量
definite specific reference 确定特指demonstrative determiner 指示限定词demonstrative pronoun 指示代词dependent clause 从属分句derivational affix 派生词缀
derivative 派生词
derivative adverb 派生副词
derivative noun 派生名词determination 决心
determinative genitive 限定词性属格determinative genitive pronoun 限定词性属格代词
determiner 限定词
direct object 直接宾语
direct speech 直接引语discontinuous modification 分隔修饰disjunct 评注性状语
ditransitive verb 双宾语及物动词double genitive 双重属格
double negative 双重否定
double predicate 双重谓语
double relative clause 双重关系分句dynamic adjective 动态形容词dynamic verb 动态动词
E
earlier time 先时性
-ed participle ed-分词
-ed participle clause -ed分词分句ellipsis 省略
embedded relative clause 嵌入式关系分句
emphasizer 强调词
emphatic use 强调性用法
empty "it" 虚义“it”end focus 句尾焦点
end weight 句尾重心
exclamation/exclamatory sentence 感叹句
existential sentence 存在句explanatory adverb 解说副词
F
feminine gender 阴性
finite clause 限定分句
finite form 限定形式
finite verb 限定动词
finite verb phrase 限定动词词组
first person 第一人称
focal element 中心成分
four-word preposition 四词介词fraction numeral 分数词
free morpheme 自由词素
fronting 前置
full sentence 完全句
function word 功能词
G
gender 性
general question 一般疑问句genitive case 属格
genitive noun 名词属格genitive pronoun 属格代词generic reference 类指
gerund 动名词
get-passive get-型被动态gradable 可等级的
gradable adjective 可等级形容词gradable noun 可等级名词grammatical concord 语法一致grammatical connector 语法纽带grammatical form 语法形式
H
head/headword 中心词historic present 历史性现在时hypothetical meaning 假设意义I
imperative mood 祈使式implied conditional 含蓄条件句indefinite article 不定冠词indefinite determiner 不定限定词indefinite quantity 非确定数量indefinite pronoun 不定代词indefinite specific reference 非确定特指independent clause 独立分句independent genitive 独立属格indicative mood 陈述式
indirect object 间接宾语
indirect speech 间接引语
individual noun 个体名词
infinitive 不定式
infinitive clause 不定式分句
-ing participle -ing 分词
-ing participle clause -ing 分词分句inflectional affix 屈折词缀
irregular plural 不规则复数
irregular verb 不规则动词insistence 坚持
intention 意图
interjection 感叹词
interrogative determiner 疑问限定词interrogative pronoun 疑问代词intransitive verb 不及物动词
inversion 倒装
inverted order 倒装词序
K
key word 关键词
known/given information 已知信息L
later time 后时性
lexical connector 词汇纽带
linking verb 连系动词
locative adverbial 地点状语logical connector 逻辑纽带
logical subject 逻辑主语
M
main clause 主句
main verb 主动词
marginal subordinator 边际从属连词masculine gender 阳性
material noun 物质名词
minor sentence 不完全句
modal auxiliary 情态助动词
modal idiom 情态成语modification 修饰monotransitive verb 单宾语及物动词mood 式
morpheme 词素
morpheme word 单词素词multiplicative numeral 倍数词
multi-sentence-group text 多语段语篇
N
near-synonym 近义词
necessity 必然
neuter gender 中性
new information 新信息
nominal clause 名词性分句
nominal genitive pronoun 名词性属格代词
nominal substitution 名词性替代nominative absolute construction 独立主格结构
nominative absolute participle construction 独立主格分词结构
non-factual meaning 非事实意义
non-finite form非限定形式
non-assertive word 非肯定词
non-count /uncountable noun 不可数名词
non-finite clause 非限定分句
non-finite verb 非限定动词
non-finite verb phrase 非限定动词词组non-gradable adjective 非等级形容词non-referring "it" 非指代性“it”
non-restrictive modifier 非限制性修饰语non-restrictive relative clause非限制性关系分句
normal/natural order 正常/自然词序notional concord 意义一致
notional subject 实义主语
notional verb 实义动词
noun 名词
noun of common gender 通性名词noun phrase 名词词组
nucleus 调核
number 数
O
object 宾语
object complement 宾语补语objective case 宾格obligation 义务
one-word adjective 单词形容词
one-word subordinator 单词从属连词open class 开放词类
operator 操作词
ordinal numeral 序数词
P
parallel construction 平行结构paragraph 段落
partial negation局部否定
partitive/unit noun 单位词
passive sentence 被动句
passive voice 被动态
past participle 过去分词
past perfective 过去完成体
past perfective progressive 过去完成进行体
past tense 过去时
past tense form 过去时形式perfective aspect 完成体
peripheral adjective 外围形容词permission 许可
person 人称
personal pronoun 人称代词phrasal verb 词组动词
phrase 词组
plural number 复数
positive/absolute degree 原级possessive case所有格possessive determiner 物主限定词possessive pronoun 物主代词possibility 可能postdeterminer 后位限定词postmodifier 后置修饰语postponement 后置predeterminer 前位限定词predicate 谓语
predication 述谓成分predictability 推测
prediction 预见
prefix 前缀
premodifier 前置修饰语preposition 介词prepositional phrase 介词词组present participle 现在分词
present perfective 现在完成体
present perfective progressive现在完成进行体
present tense 现在时
present tense form 现在时形式primary auxiliary 基本助动词
principle of proximity 就近原则
pro-form 替代形式
progressive aspect 进行体
pronoun 代词
proper noun 专有名词
pro-verb 代动词
pseudo-cleft sentence 假分裂句
Q
quantifier 量词
quasi-coordinator 近似并列连词question/interrogative sentence 疑问句question tag 附加问句
R
real conditional 真实条件句
real subject 真主语
reciprocal pronoun 相互代词
reference 照应，所指
referential meaning 所指意义reflexive form 反身形式
reflexive pronoun 反身代词
regular plural 规则复数
regular verb 规则动词reinforcement tag 强调附加结构relative clause 关系分句
relative determiner 关系限定词relative pronoun 关系代词
relative word 关系词
reporting verb 引述动词
restrictive relative clause 限制性关系分句restrictive modifier 限制性修饰语rhetorical question 修辞疑问句
root 词根
S
same time 同时性
second person 第二人称
semi-auxiliary 半助动词
sentence group 语段，句群
simple clause 简单分句simple adverb 简单副词
simple noun 简单名词
simple past 一般过去时
simple preposition 一般介词
simple present 一般现在时
simple sentence 简单句
simple subordinator 简单从属连词simple verb phrase 简单动词词组simple word 简单词
single-sentence-group text 单语段语篇single-word verb 单词动词
singular number 单数
situational reference 语境特指special question 特殊疑问句specific reference 特指
squinting modifier 偏斜修饰语statement/declarative sentence 陈述句stative adjective 静态形容词
stative verb 静态动词
strong volition 强意志
subject 主语
subject complement 主语补语
subjective case 主格
subject-verb concord 主-动一致subjunctive mood 虚拟式subordinate clause 从句/从属分句subordinate construction 从属结构subordination 从属
substitution 替代
suffix 后缀
superlative degree 最高级supporting sentence 辅助句supporting sentence group 辅助语段synonym 同义词
synthetic form 综合形式
T
tag question 附加疑问句temporal adverbial 时间状语
tense时
text 语篇
textual rhetoric 语篇修辞
third person 第三人称
three-word preposition 三词介词
to-infinitive 带to不定式topic sentence 主题句
topic sentence group 主题语段trailing sentence 拖沓句transitional word/phrase 过渡词语transitive verb 及物动词
two-word preposition 双词介词U
unattached participle 无依着分词unemphatic use 非强调性用法unity 统一性
unit/partitive noun 单位词unreal conditional 非真实条件句V
variant form 变体形式
verbal substitution 动词性替代verbless clause 无动词分句
verb phrase 动词词组
vocative 呼语
voice 态/语态
W
weak volition 弱意志
were-subjunctive were-型虚拟式
wh-question wh-问句willingness 意愿
word class 词类
word order 词序
Y
yes-no question 是非问句Z
zero article 零冠词