考研英语一历年翻译真题及答案
考研英语一历年翻译真题：（2016-1994）（此资料由小七i整理，请不要外传，仅用于考研学习借鉴，如有错误地方，请自行参考其他资料。
）【每年的题目单独编译成页是为了便于打印后直接在上面进行书写】翻译主题分析：1994年:天才、技术与科学发展的关系 1995年:标准化教育与心理评估（364词）1996年:科学发展的动力（331词） 1997年:动物的权利（417词）1998年:宇宙起源（376词） 1999年:史学研究方法（326词）2000年:科学家与政府（381词） 2001年:计算机与未来生活展望（405词）2002年:行为科学发展的困难 2003年:人类学简介（371词）2004年:语言与思维（357词） 2005年：电视媒体2006年：美国的知识分子 2007年：法学研究的意义2008年：达尔文的思想观点 2009年：正规教育的地位2010年：经济与生态 2011年：能动意识的作用2012年：普遍性真理 2013年：人类状况2014年：贝多芬的一生 2015年：历史学方面2016年：心理健康46） We don't have to learn how to be mentally healthy， it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend， a broken bone. 47） Our mental health doesn't go anywhere； like the sun behind a cloud， it can be temporarily hidden from view， but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.48） Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles， with kindness if they are in pain， and with unconditional love no matter who they are.49） Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives， it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.50） As you will come to see， knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.46） This movement， driven by powerful and diverse motivations， built a nation out of a wilderness and， by its nature， shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47） The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas， customs， and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. 48） But， the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America， the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another， and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw， new continent caused significant changes.49） The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after thefifteenth- and sixteenth-century explorations of North America.50） The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia in the south. Here was abundant fuel and lumber.46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.47)By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.48) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.50)One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.47) A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need.48)The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.49) Most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic.50) It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.46) In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.47) Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.48) To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.49) The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints.50) Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it.46)Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature.47) While we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?”48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.49) Circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation.50)The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.47) But we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.46) It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive.47) Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.48) While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.49) Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.50) We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling.46)He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.48)On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.49) He adds humbly that perhaps he was "superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully."50)Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear preps of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems.47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.49)But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.50)They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served to much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe.47) In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.49) Crea ting a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice - that of producing programs in Europe for Europe.50)In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unity we stand, divided we fall” -and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.”61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.62) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.63) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.61) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.63) The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.64) Tylor defined culture as “...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”65) Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.61) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.62) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.63) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.64) They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. 65) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.71) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.73) Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century."75) And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder--kitchen rage.71)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools relaxation will be in front of smell-television and digital age will have arrived.73）Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications，people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas，while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration:“It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”75) And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder kitchen rage.71） While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians，modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.72） Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.73） During this transfer，traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.74） There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.75） It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources. And to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.71） But even more important，it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past，for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.72） The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang，first put forward in the 1920s，to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.73） Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures，and may report their findings soon.74） If the small hot spots look as expected，that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea，a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.75） Odd though it sounds，cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics，and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.71） Actually，it isn’t，because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights，which is something the world does not have.72） Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract，as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.73） It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans，or with no consideration at all.74） Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect，extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.75） When that happens，it is not a mistake: it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action，an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.71） Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.72 ）This trend began during the Second World War，when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. 73） This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.74） However，the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world more fascinating and delightful aspects.75） New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past，giving rise to new standards of elegance.1995年考研英语(一)翻译真题71） The target is wrong，for in attacking the tests，critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.72） How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.73） Whether to use tests，other kinds of information，or both in a particular situation depends，therefore，upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.74） In general，the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicated can not be well defined.75） For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.1994年考研英语(一)翻译真题71） Science moves forward，they say，not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.72）“In short”，a leader of the new school contends，“the scientific revolution，as we call it，was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”73） Over the years，tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. 74） Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth.75） Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa（反之）often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving for。
考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译vote
考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译1.Monday [ˈmʌndeɪ; ˈmʌndi]n. 星期一【真题例句】On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday - a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration.（2013考研英语阅读Text 4）参考译文：美国最高法院周一以五票赞成、三票反对推翻了亚利桑那州移民法的多项条款，这是奥巴马政府政策的一次温和的胜利。
2.month [mʌnθ]n. 月，月份【真题例句】Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.（2007考研英语阅读Text 3）参考译文：如今，一张解聘书、被诊断患病抑或失去配偶，都可以使一个殷实的中产家庭在几个月间沦为新的穷人。
3.monthly ['mʌnθli]a. 每月的ad. 每月一次，按月n. 月刊【真题例句】Some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities.（2018考研英语阅读Text 4）参考译文：一些人被建议制定每月的目标和学习活动。
4.money ['mʌni]n. 货币，钱【同义词】currency【真题例句】The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling”involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.（2006 考研英语新题型）参考译文：《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版指出，“病态赌博”指一种持续的、反复的、不可控制的行为，其最重要的不在于追求金钱，而在于追求冒险发横财的刺激感。
历年考研英语一阅读真题翻译(2004-2014)
2014年考研英语阅读真题Text 1In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,” George Osbome,Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit-and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?为了“让生活变得更美好”以及减少“依赖”，英国财政大臣乔治•奥斯本引入了“求职预付金”计划。
只有当失业者带着简历到就业中心，注册在线求职并开始找工作，才有资格获得补助金——然后他们应该每周而非每两周报告一次。
有什么比这更合理呢？More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we know they help people sa y off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsides laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”-protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.更加明显的合理性如下。
考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译dictation
考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译1. dictation[dik'teiʃən]n.听写，口述；命令2. dictionary['dikʃənəri]n.词典，字典3. addict [ə'dikt]v. 使沉溺；使上瘾n. 沉溺于不良嗜好的人【真题例句】Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs.（2006考研英语完形）参考译文：部分原因是：许多成年的无家可归者沉迷于酒精或毒品。
4. addition[ə'diʃən]n. 加，加法；附加部分，增加（物）【同义词】plus【真题例句】Children need to learn addition and subtraction.(201考研英语阅读Text 3)参考译文：小孩需要去学习加法和减法。
5. contradict[,kɔntrə'dikt]v.反驳；同…矛盾，同…抵触[同义词]Deny[真题例句]Three provisions of Arizona's plan were overturned because they contradicted both the federal and state policies.（2013考研英语阅读Text4）参考译文：亚利桑那州计划的三项规定与联邦和州政策相矛盾，因而被否决。
6. contradiction[,kɔntrə'dikʃən]n.反驳，否认；矛盾，不一致[同义词]Discrepancy7. dedicate['dedikeit]vt.奉献；献身于[同义词]devote［真题例句］After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness?（2006考研英语阅读Test4）参考译文：现代社会最热衷于表达快乐的一种时髦形式到底是什么呢？8. dedication9. indicate ['indikeit]v. 指出，指示；表明，暗示【同义词】manifest【真题例句】The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension.（2015新题型）参考译文：这里暗示的阅读方式毫无疑问是理解方式。
考研英语一历年真题与答案解析（1980-2015）
考研英语一历年真题与答案解析（1980-2015）2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as related as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is 1 a study published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has 2 .The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both 5 .While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, Most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin.The study 9 found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity in olfactory genes is difficult to explain, for now. 10 Perhaps, as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more 11 it. There could be many mechanisms working in tandem that 12 us in choosing genetically similar friends 13 than nal kinship of being friends with 14 !One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving 15 than other genes. Studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major 17 factor.The findings do not simply corroborate peoples 18 to befriend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to 20 that all subjects, friends and strangers were taken from the same population. The team also controlled the data to check ancestry of subjects.Section II Reading Comprehension1.[A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what2. 2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected5. [A] tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tellPart ARead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)原标题：2015年考研英语一真题答案（完整版）TEXT 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insistedkings dont abdicate, they die in their sleep. But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republicans left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarized, as it was following the end of the France regime, monarchs can rise above mere polities and embody a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of polities that explains monarchys continuing popularity as heads of state. And so, the Middle East expected, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history-and sometimes the way they behave today-embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warming of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it isbizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europes monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchys reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of thenon-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchys worst enemies.21. According to the first two graphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain[A]eased his relationship with his rivals.[B]used to enjoy high public support.[C]was unpopular among European royals.[D]ended his reign in embarrassment.22. Monarchs are kept as head of state in Europe mostly[A]to give voters more public figures to look up to.[B]to achieve a balance between tradition and reality.[C]owing to their undoubted and respectable status.[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment.23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according tograph 4?[A] The role of the nobility in modern democracies.[B] Aristocrats excessive reliance on inherited wealth.[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.[D] The nobilitys adherence to their privileges.24. The British royals have most to fear because Charles[B]fails to change his lifestyle as advised.[C]takes republicans as his potential allies.[D]fails to adapt himself to his future role.25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A]Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B]Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming Threats[D]Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs21.Dended his reign in embarrassment.22. C owing to the undoubted and respectable status23. A the role of the nobility in modern democracy24. B fails to change his lifestyle as advised.25. D Carlos, a lesson for all MonarchiesTEXT 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.They should start by discarding Californias lame argumentthat exploring the contents of a smartphone- a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspects purse .The court has ruled that police dont violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring ones smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestees reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of cloud computing. meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.But the justices should not swallow Californias argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitutions protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to[A] search for suspects mobile phones without a warrant.[B] check suspects phone contents without being authorized.[C] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.[D] prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27. The authors attitude toward Californias argument is one of[A] tolerance.[B] indifference.[C] disapproval.[D] cautiousness.28. The author believes that exploring ones phone content is comble to[B] handing ones historical records.[C] scanning ones correspondences.[D] going through ones wallet.29. In graph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.[B] the court is giving police less room for action.[C] phones are used to store sensitive information.[D] citizens privacy is not effective protected.30.Orin Kerrs comparison is quoted to indicate that(A)the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.(B)New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.(C)Californias argument violates principles of the Constitution.(D)Principles of the Constitution should never be altered.26. Bcheck suspects phone contents without being authorized.27.Cdisapproval28.A getting into ones residence29. D citizens privacy is not effectively protected30.B new technology requires reinterpretation of the constitutionThe journal Science is adding an extra source at Peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNott announced today. The Follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that Mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the Published research findings.Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the Journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing Manut will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the Journals editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said,The creation of thestatistics boardwas motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Sciences overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.Giovanni Parmigiani，a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a mr of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to play primarily on advisory role. He agreed to join because he found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is a most welcome step forwardand long overdue,Most journals are weak in statistical review，and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyzedata, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research，according to David Vaux，a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012，but journals should also take a tougher line，engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process.Vaux says that Sciences idea to pass some papers to statisticians has some merit，but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identifythe papers that need scrutinyin the first place.31. It can be learned from graph I that[A] Science intends to simplify its peer-review process.[C]few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D]lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32. The phrase flagged up (.2)is the closest in meaning to[A]found.[B]revised.[C]marked[D]stored33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A]pose a threat to all its peers[B]meet with strong opposition[C]increase Sciences circulation.[D]set an example for other journals34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing nowA. adds to researchers worklosd.B. diminishes the role of reviewers.C. has room for further improvement.D. is to fail in the foreseeable future.35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?B. Professional Statisticians Deserve More RespectC. Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors DesksD. Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science31.B journals are strengthening their statistical checks32.B marked33. D set an example for other journals34. C has room for further improvement35.A science joins Push to screen statistics in papersText4Two years ago. Rupert Murdochs daughter, spoke at the unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the mechanismin society should be profit and the market we the people who create the society we want, not profit.Driving her point home, she continuedIts increasingly absence of purpose，of a moral language with in government, could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom. This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies, such as International, she thought, making it more likely that it would fore had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.As the hacking trial concludes-finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding the predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge-the wide dearth of integrity still stands. Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people. This is hacking on an industrial scale, as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place. One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went onIn todays world, it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run. Perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business-friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions-nor received traceable, recorded answers.36. Accordign to the first two graphs, Elisabeth was upset by(A) the consequences of the current sorting mechanism.(B) companies financial loss due to immoral practices(C) governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.(D) the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.37. It can be inferred from graph 3 that(A) Glenn Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime.(B) more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.(C) Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.(D) phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38. The author believes that Rebekah Brookss defence(A) revealed a cunning personality.(C) was hardly convincing.(D) was part of a conspiracy.39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows(A) generally distorted values.(B) unfair wealth distribution.(C) a marginalized lifestyle.(D) a rigid moral code.40 Which of the following is suggested in the last graph?(A) The quality of writings is of primary importance.(B) Common humanity is central to news reporting.(C) Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.(D) Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.36. A the consequences of the current sorting mechanism37. Bmore journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking38. C was hardly convincing39. A generally distorted values40. C moral awareness matters in editing a newspaperPart BIn the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A- G to fit into each of numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing onyour implicit knowledge of English grammar.(41) You begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved.Who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist not just of passive assimilation but of active engagement in inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues.(42)Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or true meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text to theworld.(43)Such background material inevitably reflects who we are. (44) This doesnt, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page-including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns-debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it.(45)Such dimensions of reading suggest-as others introduced later in the book will also do-that we bring an implicit(often unacknowledged)agenda to any act of reading. It doesnt then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different minds of reading inform each other,and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy, or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfills the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the context. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D] In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.[E] You make further inferences, for instance, about how the text may be significant to you, or about itsvalidity-inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.[F] In plays, novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the authors own thoughts.[G] Rather, we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material:between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a texts formal structures(so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.41.C 42.E 43.G 44.B 45.APart CRead the following text carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration-one the great folk wanderings of history-swept from Europe to America. (46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.(47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas,customs and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. (48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied nationalsignificant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.(49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America.These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six-to twelve-week voyage, they survived on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one recorder of events, The air at twelve leagues distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden. Thecolonists first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods.(50)The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.46）在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。
考研英语一真题及答案完整版
考研英语一真题及答案完整版SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, _1_ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can __2_ a likely spouse on his own andthen ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man'sparents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in theselection. 4, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5aspouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, _ 7 _ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and _ 8 _ prayers of bl essing. Parts of the ceremony the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each sprouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait ten months.1.[A]by way of[B]on behalf of [C]as well as [D]with regard to2.[A]adapt to [B]provide for [C]compete with [D]decide on3.[A]close [B]renew [C]arrange [D]postpone4.[A]Above all [B]In theory [C]In time [D]For example5.[A]Although [B]Lest [C]After [D]Unless6.[A]into [B]within [C]from [D]through7.[A]since [B]but [C]or [D]so8.[A]copy [B]test [C]recite [D]create9.[A]folding [B]piling [C]wrapping [D]tying10.[A]passing [B]lighting[C]hiding [D]serving11. [A]meeting [B]collection [C]association [D]union12. [A]grow [B]part [C]deal [D]live13. [A]whereas [B]until [C]if [D]for14. [A]obtain [B]follow [C]challenge [D]avoid15. [A]isolated [B]persuaded [C]viewed [D]exposed16. [A]whatever [B]however [C]whenever [D]wherever17.[A]changed[B]brought [C]shaped[D]pushed18.[A]withdrawn[B]invested[C]donated[D]divided19. [A]breaks [B]warms [C]shows [D]clears20.[A]so [B]while [C]once [D]in thatText 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runaways. The parliament also ag reed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. Theysuggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death-as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced,would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly,they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run bythe Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A]New runways would be constructed.[B]Physical beauty would be redefined.[C]Websites about dieting would thrive.[D]The fashion industry would decline.22. The phrase “impinging on” (Line2, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A]heightening the value of.[B]indicating the state of.[C]losing faith in.[D]doing harm to.23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A]New standards are being set in Denmark.[B]The French measures have already failed.[C]Models are no longer under peer pressure.[D]Its inherent problems are getting worse.24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A]pursuing perfect physical conditions.[B]caring too much about models’ character.[C]showing little concern for health factors.[D]setting a high age threshold for models.25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?[A]A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals[B]A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France[C]Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty[D]The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry。
2023考研英语一翻译部分试题答案
2023考研英语一翻译部分试题答案2023年考研英语一翻译部分试题如下：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.随着数字化时代的到来，人们的生活方式发生了翻天覆地的变化。
互联网的普及使得信息传播更加迅速，人们之间的交流更加便捷。
然而，这种便捷也带来了一些问题，如隐私泄露、网络欺诈等。
本文将探讨数字化时代对人们生活的影响，并提出相应的应对措施。
以下是2023年考研英语一翻译部分试题的参考答案，字数超过900字：In the era of digitalization, the way people live has undergone earth-shattering changes. The widespread use of the Internet has made the dissemination of information more rapid and communication among people more convenient. However, this convenience has also brought some problems, such as privacy breaches and online fraud. This article will explore the impact of the digital age on people's lives and propose corresponding countermeasures.Firstly, the digital age has had a profound impact on people's daily lives. The Internet has become an indispensable tool for obtaining information, shopping, and socializing. It has revolutionized the way people work, study, and communicate. For example, online education has become increasingly popular, providing students with more flexible learning opportunities. Remote work has also become a reality for many people, allowing them to work from home and save time on commuting.Secondly, the digital age has facilitated communication among people. Social media platformssuch as WeChat,微博 (Weibo), and Douyin (TikTok) have made it easier for people to stay in touch withfriends and family, regardless of geographical distance. These platforms have also enabled the spread of information and ideas, fostering a more open and inclusive society. However, the rapid spread of information has also led to the spread of rumors and misinformation, which can cause confusion and panic among the public.Thirdly, the digital age has raised concerns about privacy. With the increasing amount of personal information being collected and stored online, thereis a risk of privacy breaches. Cybercriminals can exploit this information for malicious purposes, suchas identity theft and fraud. To address this issue, governments and organizations have implemented various measures, such as data protection laws and encryption technologies. Individuals should also be vigilant about protecting their personal information, such as using strong passwords and avoiding sharing sensitive information online.Fourthly, the digital age has brought about new challenges in terms of employment. As technology advances, some traditional jobs may become obsolete, while new job opportunities emerge. For example, the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has led to the automation of certain tasks, potentially displacing workers in industries such as manufacturing and transportation. To adapt to these changes, individuals need to acquire new skills and knowledge, and governments and organizations should provide training and support for workers affected by technological changes.In response to these challenges, several measures can be taken. Firstly, individuals should enhancetheir digital literacy, which refers to the ability to use digital devices and the Internet effectively and safely. This includes being aware of online risks, such as phishing and malware, and taking precautions to protect personal information. Secondly, governmentsshould strengthen the enforcement of data protection laws and regulations, and organizations should adopt robust cybersecurity measures to safeguard users' information. Thirdly, educational institutions should incorporate digital skills training into their curricula, preparing students for the demands of the digital age. Lastly, society as a whole should promote a culture of digital responsibility, encouraging people to use technology in a responsible and ethical manner.In conclusion, the digital age has brought about significant changes to people's lives, offering both opportunities and challenges. By enhancing digital literacy, strengthening cybersecurity, and fostering a culture of digital responsibility, we can maximize the benefits of the digital age while minimizing its negative impacts.以下是部分句子的翻译示例：1. 随着数字化时代的到来，人们的生活方式发生了翻天覆地的变化。
考研英语一真题及答案汇总
考研英语一真题及答案汇总在考研复习的过程中，英语科目是很多考生头疼的一科。
而其中的英语一又被广大考生认为是最难的一部分。
为了帮助大家更好地备考英语一，本文将对历年考研英语一的真题及答案进行汇总，供考生参考。
第一部分阅读理解阅读理解是英语一考试的重中之重，占据了整个考试的50分。
下面是几年来的英语一真题及答案汇总：2018年真题及答案：Passage 1:题目：What is the passage mainly about?选项：A. The challenge of working in space.B. The difficulties of space exploration.C. The tensions among international space agencies.D. The collaboration between NASA and private companies.Passage 2:题目：What does Werner think of radiant cooling？选项：A. It is still an unproven technology.B. It is limited to small-scale applications.C. It is more effective than traditional cooling methods.D. It requires additional research and development.2019年真题及答案：Passage 1:题目：What does the passage imp ly about Thomas Edison’s character?选项：A. He was innovative and persistent.B. He often gave up easily.C. He had a narrow range of interests.D. He was overly focused on financial success.Passage 2:题目：The author suggests that difficulties in defining intelligence arise in part from the fact that intelligence选项：A. is too complex to be measured accurately.B. varies too widely across different individuals.C. is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.D. encompasses abilities that are both perceptual and cognitive.2020年真题及答案：Passage 1:题目：What is the main purpose of the passage?选项：A. To describe the effects of climate change on bird populations.B. To discuss ways to protect bird habitats from climate change.C. To explain how birds are adapting to climate change.D. To call for action to mitigate the effects of climate change on birds.Passage 2:题目：Which of the following does the passage suggest about early philosophical discussions of free will?选项：A. They involved religious beliefs.B. They focused on logical contradictions.C. They were influenced by political considerations.D. They sought to justify moral responsibility.第二部分翻译翻译是英语一考试的另一个重要组成部分，也是考生需要下功夫准备的内容。
2000年全国考研英语一真题全文翻译
2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语全文翻译P a r tⅡU s e o fE n g l i s h一个农民要想成功,就必须在其消费和生产之间努力保持着较大的差距㊂他必须存储大量的粮食而不是立即把所有的粮食都消费掉㊂农民若想养活自己及家人,就必须有余粮㊂他必须用以下三种方式来使用这些余粮:留作种子,留作应对恶劣天气影响的保障,以及作为商品卖掉,来替换旧农具和购买化肥给土壤施肥㊂他可能还需要钱来修建灌溉水渠,或在其他方面改善自己的农田㊂如果没有余粮,农民就不能自给自足,他就只得变卖部分家产或通过贷款寻求额外的资金㊂自然,他会尽量争取低息贷款,但这种贷款不是经常能够得到的㊂P a r t I I I R e a d i n g C o m p r e h e n s i o nP a s s a g e1长期的㊁不费力气的成功史可能成为一种可怕的障碍,但是如果处理得当,它也可能成为一种动力㊂二战结束后,美国恰好进入这样的一段辉煌时期,当时它拥有比任何竞争对手大八倍的市场,这使其工业经济规模前所未有㊂它的科学家是世界上最优秀的,它的工人是最富于技巧的㊂美国和美国人的繁荣是那些经济遭到战争破坏的欧亚两大洲人民做梦都想像不出的㊂当其他国家逐渐富有起来时,这种差距的缩小是必然的㊂同样不可避免的是逐渐失去主导地位的痛苦㊂在80年代中期,美国人为他们工业竞争力的减退感到困惑㊂有些大型的美国工业,如消费电子工业,在外国的竞争面前萎缩或者崩溃㊂到l987年,只剩下一家美国电视机制造企业 Z e n i t h(现在已经完全没有了:Z e n i t h已经被韩国的L G电子兼并)㊂外国汽车和纺织品正在大举进入美国国内市场㊂美国的机械工业岌岌可危㊂在一段时期,好像半导体制造业,这个美国发明的并且对新的计算机时代极为关键的工业,也将成为下一个牺牲品㊂所有这些引发了一种信心危机㊂美国人已经不再将繁荣视为自然而然的事㊂他们开始怀疑他们的经营方法出了问题,怀疑他们的收人很快就会下降㊂80年代中期人们对美国工业衰退的原因进行一次又一次的调查㊂这些调查的发现,有些是耸人听闻的,都充满了对来自海外竞争加剧的警示㊂现在情况已经完全改变!1995年美国可以回顾在过去五年中稳步的增长,而日本还在奋力挣扎㊂很少有美国人把它的原因归结为类似美元贬值或商业周期轮回这些显而易见的原因㊂对自身的怀疑已经被盲目乐观取代㊂ 美国的产业结构已经改变,消除了滞涨,学会了快速反应, 哈佛大学肯尼迪行政学院执行院长R i c h a r dG a v a n a g h指出㊂ 看到美国经济如此地提高生产力,我为自己是美国人而感到自豪, 华盛顿特区的智囊团卡托研究院的S t e P h e n M o o r e说㊂哈佛经管学院的W i l l i a mS a h l m a n相信,人们将来会把这个时期视为 美国企业管理的黄金时期 ㊂P a s s a g e2身为一个男人从来都充满危险㊂男女出生的比例大约是105:100,但到了成年期,这个比例便降至基本持平,而到70岁时,女性的人数就已达到男性的两倍了㊂不过男性死亡率高的普遍规律正在改变㊂现在男婴的成活率与女婴基本一样㊂那意味着有史以来第一次男孩在他们择偶的关键年龄期有所过剩㊂更重要的是,又一个自然选择的机会消失了㊂50年前,婴儿(特别是男婴)成活的关键在于他的体重㊂多一公斤或少一公斤都会造成死亡㊂今天,体重几乎不起什么作用㊂因为大部分差异是由基因造成的,所以又一个进化的因素消失了㊂进化自杀还有另外一种办法:活着,但少生孩子㊂现在很少有人像过去那样大批生育㊂除了在少数宗教团体中,几乎没有女性生15个孩子㊂现在出生的数量,就像死亡的年龄一样,变得平均化㊂我们大多数都有同样数量的后代㊂而且,人与人之间的差异和利用这种差异进行自然选择的机会都已经减少㊂印度证实了这种状况㊂这个国家为大城市的少数人提供了财富,为其余大多数部落居民造成了贫穷㊂今天这种极其显著的平均化 每个人的生存机会和子女数量都相同 意味着与部落相比,自然选择在印度中㊁上阶层已经失去了80%的作用㊂对于我们来说,这意味着进化已经结束;生物学上的乌托邦已经来临㊂奇怪的是,它并未造成多少外形的改变㊂没有其他物种在自然界占据如此多的地方㊂但是在过去10万年中 甚至过去100年中 我们的生活发生了变化,但我们的身体却没有改变㊂我们没有进化,因为机器和社会在代替我们进化㊂达尔文曾经用下面的语句来描述那些对生物进化过程一无所知的人:他们 注视着有机体,就像原始人注视着轮船,注视着那完全超出自己理解能力的事物㊂ 无疑,我们将记住20世纪的一种生活方式,尽管对其丑陋之处无法理解㊂但是不管我们的后代对我们离乌托邦之远感到多么吃惊,他们看上去将和我们一样㊂P a s s a g e3当一场新的艺术运动在某种程度上流行,人们最好去弄清其倡导者的目的是什么,因为不管它们的原则现在看来多么牵强附会㊁不可思议,很可能在将来它们会被视为正常㊂然而就未来派诗歌来说,情况则不这么简单,因为不管未来派诗歌是什么 即使承认它赖以存在的理论基础是正确的 这种形式也很难被界定为文学㊂简而言之,未来派诗人宣称:一个世纪以来,过去的生活状况一直在有条件地急剧变化,到现在我们已经生活在一个充满了噪声㊁暴力和快节奏的世界㊂因此,我们的感觉㊁思想和情感都发生了相应的变化㊂未来主义者说这种加速的生活节奏,需要一种新的表达方式㊂我们要理解现代社会的压力,就必须加快文学发展的步伐㊂我们在下笔时必须让一长串表达意义的最基本词汇倾泄而出,不受句读停顿㊁限制修饰性形容词或限定性动词的牵制㊂我们不再描写声音,我们制造词汇来模仿它们;我们使用的字体必须在同一页纸上大小不同,颜色不同,词汇可以随意地加长或缩短㊂毫无疑问,他们对战斗的描述会令人费解㊂但是读到一句描写战斗的诗行的注解时,则更令人心烦㊂注解中说该诗描写了一名土耳其军官和一名保加利亚军官在一座桥上发生了搏斗,结果双双从桥上掉进河中 后来发现这一行诗文是由军官落水的声音和他们的体重组成的: 扑通!扑通!一百八十五公斤㊂虽然这符合未来派诗歌的规律和要求,但是它很难被界定为文学㊂与此同时,没有一个有思想的人能拒绝接受他们的基本主张:我们的感情生活的巨大变化要求表达方式的变化㊂但实际问题是:从根本上说,我们改变了吗?P a s s a g e4战后日本的生产率和社会的和谐为美国和欧洲所称羡,因此毫无目标很难说是战后日本的特色㊂但是日本人正在经历传统工作道德价值观的日益衰退㊂10年前,年轻人工作很勤奋,将工作视为他们生存的主要理由,但是现在日本已经大致满足了它的经济需求,年轻人不知道他们下一步目标在哪里㊂战后生育高峰时出生的人口成人,以及女性进入以男性为主的劳动力市场,二者都限制了青少年的发展机遇,他们已经对攀登等级森严的社会阶梯以及获得较好的教育和工作所付出的巨大个人代价提出质疑㊂在最近的一次调查中,人们发现只有24.5%的日本学生对学校生活感到满意,而在美国达到67.2%㊂而且,日本工人对他们的工作感到不满的人数要比其他10个被调查的国家多得多㊂虽然日本的教育常常因重视基础知识而受到外国人士赞扬,但它对应试和机械的学习的重视程度超过了创造性和个性表现㊂ 那些在考试分数中不能表现的东西 个性㊁能力㊁勇气和人道主义精神 被完全忽视了, 去年日本出现了2,125起校园暴力事件,包括929起殴打老师的事件㊂在抗议声中,许多保守的领导人呼吁回到战前对道德教育非常重视的状态㊂去年,当时的教育部长M i t s u oS e t o y a m a不无愤慨地说道,二战后美国占领当局所引进的自由化改革弱化了 日本人尊敬父母的传统道德 ㊂但那可能与日本人生活方式更有关系㊂教育学家Y o k oM u r o说道: 在日本,问题从来都不在于你是否喜欢你的生活和你的工作,而只在于你能够忍受多少㊂ 经济的增长带来了居住集中化,日本1.19亿人口的76%都住在城市,传统社区和多代同堂家庭消失了,取而代之的是与外界很少往来的,仅由两代人构成的家庭㊂日本的城市人口长期以来忍受着漫长的上下班路途和拥挤的居住条件,但是,随着传统的群体和家庭价值观的弱化,不满逐渐显露出来㊂在过去的10年中,日本的离婚率虽然仍然在美国之下,但已经上升了50%多,自杀率上升了近四分之一㊂P a s s a g e5如果雄心能被正确看待的话,那么它的回报 财富㊁荣誉㊁对自己命运的控制 则应该被认为是值得为之做出的牺牲㊂如果雄心的传统仍具有生命力,那么它就应该受到广泛的推崇;尤其会受到自己也受人仰慕的人士的青睐,在这些人中也包括那些受过良好教育的㊂奇怪的是,正是这些受过教育的人们宣称他们已经放弃将雄心壮志作为人生理想的追求㊂更奇怪的,他们也许是雄心壮志的最大受益者 如果这些雄心壮志不是他们自己的,至少也是他们父母或祖父母的㊂这里面有很强烈的虚伪性,就好比等马全跑光了,才关上马厩的门 而受过良好教育的人自己正骑在那些马背上㊂当然,人们现在对成功及其标志的兴趣似乎并不亚于先前㊂夏日别墅㊁欧洲旅行㊁宝马车 地点㊁地名以及品牌或许会有变化,但这类事物在今天被人渴求的程度似乎比十年前或两年前有所减少㊂实际情况是人们不能像从前那样轻易㊁公开地坦陈他们有这样的梦想,以免被人认为爱出风头㊁贪得无厌或俗不可耐㊂而我们所看到的是许多极为虚伪的景象,这种景象比以往更多:批评美国实利主义的人却拥有南安普敦的消夏别墅;出版激进思想书籍的人却在三星级餐厅享用一日三餐;倡导在生活各方面实行公民参与决策的民主制的记者却将他们的孩子送进了私立学校㊂对于这些人,对于许多也许不如此特别的人,最恰当的解释是 不惜代价去追求成功,但避免表现得野心勃勃㊂对雄心的抨击层出不穷,且来自各个角度;公开为之辩解的则少之又少,虽不能说这些辩解毫无吸引力可言,但却未能给人们留下深刻印象㊂因此,对雄心壮志的支持,支持它作为一种健康的志向,一种受人尊敬并扎根于年轻人心中的品德的人们,也许下降到美国历史上的最低点㊂这并不是说雄心壮志穷途末路了,人们不再感到它的涌动和激励了;而是它不再公开被嘉奖,很少公开被承认㊂这种情形的结果当然是,在有些情况中雄心壮志被迫转入地下,或暗藏于胸㊂这就是目前的状况:在左边是恼羞成怒的批评者,在右边是不得力的支持者,而在中间像往常一样,是广大的想在生活中进取的认真的人们㊂P a r t I V E n g l i s h-C h i n e s eT r a n s l a t i o n世界各国政府的行为都基于一个假设,即,本国人民的福利主要依赖于该国经济实力和社会财富㊂(71)在现代条件下,这需要不同程度的中央控制,从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域专家的协助㊂(72)再者,显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关,而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力㊂这也就意味着政府被迫越来越多地干预这些产业部门,以便提高生产率,确保产品的消费发挥最佳效益㊂例如,政府可能利用各种方法鼓励研究,包括建立自己的研究中心;政府可以改变教育结构,或进行干预,以便减少自然资源的浪费,开发尚未利用的资源;或者在日益增多的跨国科学㊁经济和工业项目中直接进行合作㊂无论如何,一切干预都离不开科学家的建议和各种科技人才㊂(73)大众通讯的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求,不断接触到新的习俗和思想㊂由于上述原因,政府常常得推出更多的革新㊂与此同时,与过去相比,世界各地社会变化的正常速度越来越快㊂例如,(74)在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中,其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革,持续了大约一个世纪之久,而如今一个发展中国家在十年左右就可能完成这个过程㊂所有这些在社会内部造成了巨大的压力和紧张气氛,从而给有关政府带来了严重问题㊂(75)由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易)造成的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力㊂目前,以上所有这些因素产生的后果就是,各国政府为了制定合理的计划并将之付诸实施,越来越多地依靠生物学家和社会学家㊂。
考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译cordial
考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译1. cordial['kɔ:djəl]a. 诚恳的，亲切的，热诚的[同义词]Sincere2. accord [ə'kɔ:d]vt. 授予，赠与，给予（欢迎、称颂等）vi./n. 一致，符合【同义词】award3. accordance[ə'kɔ:dəns]n. 一致，和谐，符合4. accordingly[ə'kɔ:diŋli]ad. 因此，从而；相应地，照着办，按照；于是，5. according to[ə'kɔ:diŋtu]prep. 据/照…（所说、所写）；按照…，视…【真题例句】According to the theory, the universe burst into being as a submicroscopic, unimaginably dense knot of pure energy that flew outward in all directions, emitting radiation as it went, condensing into particles and then into atoms of gas.（1998考研英语翻译）参考译文：按照这一理论，宇宙形成于一团亚微观的、密度相当大的纯能量团，它在向四面八方发散的过程中放出辐射线,浓缩成粒子，然后形成气体原子。
6. record [ri'kɔ:d, 'rekɔ:d]n.记录；最高记录；履历；唱片v. 记录；录音【同义词】disk file【真题例句】Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.（2007阅读2）参考译文:其他标准化测试，如学术评估测验（SAT）和研究生人学考试（GRE），都充分体现了IQ测试的主要特点。
历年考研英语一阅读真题翻译(2004-2014)
2014年考研英语阅读真题Text 1In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,” George Osbome,Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit-and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?为了“让生活变得更美好”以及减少“依赖”，英国财政大臣乔治•奥斯本引入了“求职预付金”计划。
只有当失业者带着简历到就业中心，注册在线求职并开始找工作，才有资格获得补助金——然后他们应该每周而非每两周报告一次。
有什么比这更合理呢？More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we know they help people say off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsides laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”-protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.更加明显的合理性如下。