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英文论文写作中一些可能用到的词汇

英文论文写作中一些可能用到的词汇

英⽂论⽂写作中⼀些可能⽤到的词汇英⽂论⽂写作过程中总是被⾃⼰可怜的词汇量击败, 所以我打算在这⾥记录⼀些在阅读论⽂过程中见到的⼀些⾃⼰不曾见过的词句或⽤法。

这些词句查词典都很容易查到,但是只有带⼊论⽂原⽂中才能体会内涵。

毕竟原⽂和译⽂中间总是存在⼀条看不见的思想鸿沟。

形容词1. vanilla: adj. 普通的, 寻常的, 毫⽆特⾊的. ordinary; not special in any way.2. crucial: adj. ⾄关重要的, 关键性的.3. parsimonious:adj. 悭吝的, 吝啬的, ⼩⽓的.e.g. Due to the underlying hyperbolic geometry, this allows us to learn parsimonious representations of symbolic data by simultaneously capturing hierarchy and similarity.4. diverse: adj. 不同的, 相异的, 多种多样的, 形形⾊⾊的.5. intriguing: adj. ⾮常有趣的, 引⼈⼊胜的; 神秘的. *intrigue: v. 激起…的兴趣, 引发…的好奇⼼; 秘密策划(加害他⼈), 密谋.e.g. The results of this paper carry several intriguing implications.6. intimate: adj. 亲密的; 密切的. v.透露; (间接)表⽰, 暗⽰.e.g. The above problems are intimately linked to machine learning on graphs.7. akin: adj. 类似的, 同族的, 相似的.e.g. Akin to GNN, in LOCAL a graph plays a double role: ...8. abundant: adj. ⼤量的, 丰盛的, 充裕的.9. prone: adj. 有做(坏事)的倾向; 易于遭受…的; 俯卧的.e.g. It is thus prone to oversmoothing when convolutions are applied repeatedly.10.concrete: adj. 混凝⼟制的; 确实的, 具体的(⽽⾮想象或猜测的); 有形的; 实在的.e.g. ... as a concrete example ...e.g. More concretely, HGCN applies the Euclidean non-linear activation in...11. plausible: adj. 有道理的; 可信的; 巧⾔令⾊的, 花⾔巧语的.e.g. ... this interpretation may be a plausible explanation of the success of the recently introduced methods.12. ubiquitous: adj. 似乎⽆所不在的;⼗分普遍的.e.g. While these higher-order interac- tions are ubiquitous, an evaluation of the basic properties and organizational principles in such systems is missing.13. disparate: adj. 由不同的⼈(或事物)组成的;迥然不同的;⽆法⽐较的.e.g. These seemingly disparate types of data have something in common: ...14. profound: adj. 巨⼤的; 深切的, 深远的; 知识渊博的; 理解深刻的;深邃的, 艰深的; ⽞奥的.e.g. This has profound consequences for network models of relational data — a cornerstone in the interdisciplinary study of complex systems.15. blurry: adj. 模糊不清的.e.g. When applying these estimators to solve (2), the line between the critic and the encoders $g_1, g_2$ can be blurry.16. amenable: adj. 顺从的; 顺服的; 可⽤某种⽅式处理的.e.g. Ou et al. utilize sparse generalized SVD to generate a graph embedding, HOPE, from a similarity matrix amenableto de- composition into two sparse proximity matrices.17. elaborate: adj. 复杂的;详尽的;精⼼制作的 v.详尽阐述;详细描述;详细制订;精⼼制作e.g. Topic Modeling for Graphs also requires elaborate effort, as graphs are relational while documents are indepen- dent samples.18. pivotal: adj. 关键性的;核⼼的e.g. To ensure the stabilities of complex systems is of pivotal significance toward reliable and better service providing.19. eminent: adj. 卓越的,著名的,显赫的;⾮凡的;杰出的e.g. To circumvent those defects, theoretical studies eminently represented by percolation theories appeared.20. indispensable: adj. 不可或缺的;必不可少的 n. 不可缺少的⼈或物e.g. However, little attention is paid to multipartite networks, which are an indispensable part of complex networks.21. post-hoc: adj. 事后的e.g. Post-hoc explainability typically considers the question “Why the GNN predictor made certain prediction?”.22. prevalent: adj. 流⾏的;盛⾏的;普遍存在的e.g. A prevalent solution is building an explainer model to conduct feature attribution23. salient: adj. 最重要的;显著的;突出的. n. 凸⾓;[建]突出部;<军>进攻或防卫阵地的突出部分e.g. It decomposes the prediction into the contributions of the input features, which redistributes the probability of features according to their importance and sample the salient features as an explanatory subgraph.24. rigorous: adj. 严格缜密的;严格的;谨慎的;细致的;彻底的;严厉的e.g. To inspect the OOD effect rigorously, we take a causal look at the evaluation process with a Structural Causal Model.25. substantial: adj. ⼤量的;价值巨⼤的;重⼤的;⼤⽽坚固的;结实的;牢固的. substantially: adv. ⾮常;⼤⼤地;基本上;⼤体上;总的来说26. cogent: adj. 有说服⼒的;令⼈信服的e.g. The explanatory subgraph $G_s$ emphasizes tokens like “weak” and relations like “n’t→funny”, which is cogent according to human knowledge.27. succinct: adj. 简练的;简洁的 succinctly: adv. 简⽽⾔之,简明扼要地28. concrete: adj. 混凝⼟制的;确实的,具体的(⽽⾮想象或猜测的);有形的;实在的 concretely: adv. 具体地;具体;具体的;有形地29. predominant:adj. 主要的;主导的;显著的;明显的;盛⾏的;占优势的动词1. mitigate: v. 减轻, 缓和. (反 enforce)e.g. In this work, we focus on mitigating this problem for a certain class of symbolic data.2. corroborate: v. [VN] [often passive] (formal) 证实, 确证.e.g. This is corroborated by our experiments on real-world graph.3. endeavor: n./v. 努⼒, 尽⼒, 企图, 试图.e.g. It encourages us to continue the endeavor in applying principles mathematics and theory in successful deployment of deep learning.4. augment: v. 增加, 提⾼, 扩⼤. n. 增加, 补充物.e.g. We also augment the graph with geographic information (longitude, latitude and altitude), and GDP of the country where the airport belongs to.5. constitute: v. (被认为或看做)是, 被算作; 组成, 构成; (合法或正式地)成⽴, 设⽴.6. abide: v. 接受, 遵照(规则, 决定, 劝告); 逗留, 停留.e.g. Training a graph classifier entails identifying what constitutes a class, i.e., finding properties shared by graphs in one class but not the other, and then deciding whether new graphs abide to said learned properties.7. entail: v. 牵涉; 需要; 使必要. to involve sth that cannot be avoided.e.g. Due to the recursive definition of the Chebyshev polynomials, the computation of the filter $g_α(\Delta)f$ entails applying the Laplacian $r$ times, resulting cal operator affecting only 1-hop neighbors of a vertex and in $O(rn)$ operations.8. encompass: v. 包含, 包括, 涉及(⼤量事物); 包围, 围绕, 围住.e.g. This model is chosen as it is sufficiently general to encompass several state-of-the-art networks.e.g. The k-cycle detection problem entails determining if G contains a k-cycle.9. reveal: v. 揭⽰, 显⽰, 透露, 显出, 露出, 展⽰.10. bestow: v. 将(…)给予, 授予, 献给.e.g. Aiming to bestow GCNs with theoretical guarantees, one promising research direction is to study graph scattering transforms (GSTs).11. alleviate: v. 减轻, 缓和, 缓解.12. investigate: v. 侦查(某事), 调查(某⼈), 研究, 调查.e.g. The sensitivity of pGST to random and localized noise is also investigated.13. fuse: v. (使)融合, 熔接, 结合; (使)熔化, (使保险丝熔断⽽)停⽌⼯作.e.g. We then fuse the topological embeddings with the initial node features into the initial query representations using a query network$f_q$ implemented as a two-layer feed-forward neural network.14. magnify: v. 放⼤, 扩⼤; 增强; 夸⼤(重要性或严重性); 夸张.e.g. ..., adding more layers also leads to more parameters which magnify the potential of overfitting.15. circumvent: v. 设法回避, 规避; 绕过, 绕⾏.e.g. To circumvent the issue and fulfill both goals simultaneously, we can add a negative term...16. excel: v. 擅长, 善于; 突出; 胜过平时.e.g. Nevertheless, these methods have been repeatedly shown to excel in practice.17. exploit: v. 利⽤(…为⾃⼰谋利); 剥削, 压榨; 运⽤, 利⽤; 发挥.e.g. In time series and high-dimensional modeling, approaches that use next step prediction exploit the local smoothness of the signal.18. regulate: v. (⽤规则条例)约束, 控制, 管理; 调节, 控制(速度、压⼒、温度等).e.g. ... where $b >0$ is a parameter regulating the probability of this event.19. necessitate: v. 使成为必要.e.g. Combinatorial models reproduce many-body interactions, which appear in many systems and necessitate higher-order models that capture information beyond pairwise interactions.20. portray:描绘, 描画, 描写; 将…描写成; 给⼈以某种印象; 表现; 扮演(某⾓⾊).e.g. Considering pairwise interactions, a standard network model would portray the link topology of the underlying system as shown in Fig. 2b.21. warrant: v. 使有必要; 使正当; 使恰当. n. 执⾏令; 授权令; (接受款项、服务等的)凭单, 许可证; (做某事的)正当理由, 依据.e.g. Besides statistical methods that can be used to detect correlations that warrant higher-order models, ... (除了可以⽤来检测⽀持⾼阶模型的相关性的统计⽅法外, ...)22. justify: v. 证明…正确(或正当、有理); 对…作出解释; 为…辩解(或辩护); 调整使全⾏排满; 使每⾏排齐.e.g. ..., they also come with the assumption of transitive, Markovian paths, which is not justified in many real systems.23. hinder:v. 阻碍; 妨碍; 阻挡. (反 foster: v. 促进; 助长; 培养; ⿎励; 代养, 抚育, 照料(他⼈⼦⼥⼀段时间))e.g. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of these matrix operators capture how the topology of a system influences the efficiency of diffusion and propagation processes, whether it enforces or mitigates the stability of dynamical systems, or if it hinders or fosters collective dynamics.24. instantiate:v. 例⽰;⽤具体例⼦说明.e.g. To learn the representation we instantiate (2) and split each input MNIST image into two parts ...25. favor:v. 赞同;喜爱, 偏爱; 有利于, 便于. n. 喜爱, 宠爱, 好感, 赞同; 偏袒, 偏爱; 善⾏, 恩惠.26. attenuate: v. 使减弱; 使降低效⼒.e.g. It therefore seems that the bounds we consider favor hard-to-invert encoders, which heavily attenuate part of the noise, over well conditioned encoders.27. elucidate:v. 阐明; 解释; 说明.e.g. Secondly, it elucidates the importance of appropriately choosing the negative samples, which is indeed a critical component in deep metric learning based on triplet losses.28. violate: v. 违反, 违犯, 违背(法律、协议等); 侵犯(隐私等); 使⼈不得安宁; 搅扰; 亵渎, 污损(神圣之地).e.g. Negative samples are obtained by patches from different images as well as patches from the same image, violating the independence assumption.29. compel:v. 强迫, 迫使; 使必须; 引起(反应).30. gauge: v. 判定, 判断(尤指⼈的感情或态度); (⽤仪器)测量, 估计, 估算. n. 测量仪器(或仪表);计量器;宽度;厚度;(枪管的)⼝径e.g. Yet this hyperparameter-tuned approach raises a cubic worst-case space complexity and compels the user to traverse several feature sets and gauge the one that attains the best performance in the downstream task.31. depict: v. 描绘, 描画; 描写, 描述; 刻画.e.g. As they depict different aspects of a node, it would take elaborate designs of graph convolutions such that each set of features would act as a complement to the other.32. sketch: n. 素描;速写;草图;幽默短剧;⼩品;简报;概述 v. 画素描;画速写;概述;简述e.g. Next we sketch how to apply these insights to learning topic models.33. underscore:v. 在…下⾯划线;强调;着重说明 n.下划线e.g. Moreover, the walk-topic distributions generated by Graph Anchor LDA are indeed sharper than those by ordinary LDA, underscoring the need for selecting anchors.34. disclose: v. 揭露;透露;泄露;使显露;使暴露e.g. Another drawback lies in their unexplainable nature, i.e., they cannot disclose the sciences beneath network dynamics.35. coincide: v. 同时发⽣;相同;相符;极为类似;相接;相交;同位;位置重合;重叠e.g. The simulation results coincide quite well with the theoretical results.36. inspect: v. 检查;查看;审视;视察 to look closely at sth/sb, especially to check that everything is as it should be名词1. capacity: n. 容量, 容积, 容纳能⼒; 领悟(或理解、办事)能⼒; 职位, 职责.e.g. This paper studies theoretically the computational capacity limits of graph neural networks (GNN) falling within the message-passing framework of Gilmer et al. (2017).2. implication: n. 可能的影响(或作⽤、结果); 含意, 暗指; (被)牵连, 牵涉.e.g. Section 4 analyses the implications of restricting the depth $d$ and width $w$ of GNN that do not use a readout function.3. trade-off:(在需要⽽⼜相互对⽴的两者间的)权衡, 协调.e.g. This reveals a direct trade-off between the depth and width of a graph neural network.4. cornerstone:n. 基⽯; 最重要部分; 基础; 柱⽯.5. umbrella: n. 伞; 综合体; 总体, 整体; 保护, 庇护(体系).e.g. Community detection is an umbrella term for a large number of algorithms that group nodes into distinct modules to simplify and highlight essential structures in the network topology.6. folklore:n. 民间传统, 民俗; 民间传说.e.g. It is folklore knowledge that maximizing MI does not necessarily lead to useful representations.7. impediment:n. 妨碍,阻碍,障碍; ⼝吃.e.g. While a recent approach overcomes this impediment, it results in poor quality in prediction tasks due to its linear nature.8. obstacle:n. 障碍;阻碍; 绊脚⽯; 障碍物; 障碍栅栏.e.g. However, several major obstacles stand in our path towards leveraging topic modeling of structural patterns to enhance GCNs.9. vicinity:n. 周围地区; 邻近地区; 附近.e.g. The traits with which they engage are those that are performed in their vicinity.10. demerit: n. 过失,缺点,短处; (学校给学⽣记的)过失分e.g. However, their principal demerit is that their implementations are time-consuming when the studied network is large in size. Another介/副/连词1. notwithstanding:prep. 虽然;尽管 adv. 尽管如此.e.g. Notwithstanding this fundamental problem, the negative sampling strategy is often treated as a design choice.2. albeit: conj. 尽管;虽然e.g. Such methods rely on an implicit, albeit rigid, notion of node neighborhood; yet this one-size-fits-all approach cannot grapple with the diversity of real-world networks and applications.3. Hitherto:adv. 迄今;直到某时e.g. Hitherto, tremendous endeavors have been made by researchers to gauge the robustness of complex networks in face of perturbations.短语1.in a nutshell: 概括地说, 简⾔之, ⼀⾔以蔽之.e.g. In a nutshell, GNN are shown to be universal if four strong conditions are met: ...2. counter-intuitively: 反直觉地.3. on-the-fly:动态的(地), 运⾏中的(地).4. shed light on/into:揭⽰, 揭露; 阐明; 解释; 将…弄明⽩; 照亮.e.g. These contemporary works shed light into the stability and generalization capabilities of GCNs.e.g. Discovering roles and communities in networks can shed light on numerous graph mining tasks such as ...5. boil down to: 重点是; 将…归结为.e.g. These aforementioned works usually boil down to a general classification task, where the model is learnt on a training set and selected by checking a validation set.6. for the sake of:为了.e.g. The local structures anchored around each node as well as the attributes of nodes therein are jointly encoded with graph convolution for the sake of high-level feature extraction.7. dates back to:追溯到.e.g. The usual problem setup dates back at least to Becker and Hinton (1992).8. carry out:实施, 执⾏, 实⾏.e.g. We carry out extensive ablation studies and sensi- tivity analysis to show the effectiveness of the proposed functional time encoding and TGAT-layer.9. lay beyond the reach of:...能⼒达不到e.g. They provide us with information on higher-order dependencies between the components of a system, which lay beyond the reach of models that exclusively capture pairwise links.10. account for: ( 数量或⽐例上)占; 导致, 解释(某种事实或情况); 解释, 说明(某事); (某⼈)对(⾏动、政策等)负有责任; 将(钱款)列⼊(预算).e.g. Multilayer models account for the fact that many real complex systems exhibit multiple types of interactions.11. along with: 除某物以外; 随同…⼀起, 跟…⼀起.e.g. Along with giving us the ability to reason about topological features including community structures or node centralities, network science enables us to understand how the topology of a system influences dynamical processes, and thus its function.12. dates back to:可追溯到.e.g. The usual problem setup dates back at least to Becker and Hinton (1992) and can conceptually be described as follows: ...13. to this end:为此⽬的;为此计;为了达到这个⽬标.e.g. To this end, we consider a simple setup of learning a representation of the top half of MNIST handwritten digit images.14. Unless stated otherwise:除⾮另有说明.e.g. Unless stated otherwise, we use a bilinear critic $f(x, y) = x^TWy$, set the batch size to $128$ and the learning rate to $10^{−4}$.15. As a reference point:作为参照.e.g. As a reference point, the linear classification accuracy from pixels drops to about 84% due to the added noise.16. through the lens of:透过镜头. (以...视⾓)e.g. There are (at least) two immediate benefits of viewing recent representation learning methods based on MI estimators through the lens of metric learning.17. in accordance with:符合;依照;和…⼀致.e.g. The metric learning view seems hence in better accordance with the observations from Section 3.2 than the MI view.It can be shown that the anchors selected by our Graph Anchor LDA are not only indicative of “topics” but are also in accordance with the actual graph structures.18. be akin to:近似, 类似, 类似于.e.g. Thus, our learning model is akin to complex contagion dynamics.19. to name a few:仅举⼏例;举⼏个来说.e.g. Multitasking, multidisciplinary work and multi-authored works, to name a few, are ingrained in the fabric of science culture and certainly multi-multi is expected in order to succeed and move up the scientific ranks.20. a handful of:⼀把;⼀⼩撮;少数e.g. A handful of empirical work has investigated the robustness of complex networks at the community level.21. wreak havoc: 破坏;肆虐;严重破坏;造成破坏;浩劫e.g. Failures on one network could elicit failures on its coupled networks, i.e., networks with which the focal network interacts, and eventually those failures would wreak havoc on the entire network.22. apart from: 除了e.g. We further posit that apart from node $a$ node $b$ has $k$ neighboring nodes.。

英语禁忌语大全

英语禁忌语大全

英语禁忌语大全A第一个词是cock。

这个词是一开始学英语就学到的基本词汇之一,大家都知道它是“公鸡”的意思,可是在美语里,最好就不要用它了,因为它的意思早就不是“公鸡”了。

在俚语里面,它指的是男性生殖器。

比如你要说:“他有两只公鸡。

”,千万不要说:He has two cocks。

这样一定会让人误解的。

那么用哪个词表达“公鸡”的意思呢?这时候,Rooster就是最好的选择了。

例如你要说:“我是鸡年生的。

”,就可以说:I was born in the year of rooster.说到这里,我就想起在美国的一些中国餐馆里,经常看到垫餐盘的纸上印着中国十二生肖的介绍。

而有很多在“鸡年”的介绍里,用的就是cock这个词,大概有不止一次看到老美读这一段的时候讪笑了。

还有一个需要注意的词是rubber。

学英语的时候我们知道它是“橡皮”的意思,但在美语里面,说“橡皮”用的是eraser,而不是rubber。

Rubber在美式口语里有三个意思,第一个意思指的是“轮胎”,也就是automobile tire或者tire。

例如一个人说:The rubber on my car is ruined.她的意思就是:我车子的轮胎已经被毁了。

Rubber的第二个用法是rubber check,指的就是“假支票”,或者那种支票上的金额大于银行存款的支票。

Rubber的最后一个意思指的就是“避孕套”。

如果一个人说:He always carries a rubber“just in case”.千万不要把这句话理解为:“他总是随身携带橡皮,以防万一”。

这句话的实际意思是:“他总是随身携带避孕套以防万一”。

可见,好多不能乱用的词语是和“性”有关的。

这些词语一旦用错了,不仅会引起不必要的误会,还很有可能影响个人形象。

所以最好的办法就是先看看老美是怎么用的,并在学习过程中不断积累。

第一章什么是不能说出口的英语:禁忌语与俚语a.禁忌语与俚语本书介绍的语言,在英语是属于淫秽的语言(obscene language),也可以说是脏话(dirty words)。

!!!CALIS数字图书馆云服务平台模型_王文清

!!!CALIS数字图书馆云服务平台模型_王文清

C AL I S 数字图书馆云服务平台模型□王文清 陈 凌 摘要 结合云计算、SaaS 、W eb2.0、S OA 等技术,基于CAL I S “十五”成果和三期建设目标,提出了CAL I S 云战略和相应的数字图书馆云服务平台(即Nebula 平台)模型。

该模型适合于构建大型分布式的公共数字图书馆服务网络,能将分布在互联网中各个图书馆的资源和服务整合为一个整体,形成一个可控的自适应的新型服务体系,通过对各种服务进行动态管理和分配,来满足不同层次和规模的数字图书馆需求,支持馆际透明的协作和服务获取,支持多馆资源的共建和共享,具有自适应扩展的能力。

文中描述了Nebula 云服务平台总体模型和主要服务功能,描述了平台的整合机制(包括开放接口和服务整合方式等),给出数字图书馆公有云、私有云和混合云的构建方式,最后论述该平台需要解决的部分关键问题并介绍其进展情况。

关键词 数字图书馆 云计算 云服务 服务集成 CAL I S 1 引言中国高等教育文献保障系统(China Acade m icL ibrary I nf or mati on Syste m ,简称CAL I S )通过二期(即“十五”)项目建设,已初步建成了分布式中国高等教育数字图书馆系统[1],其中部分应用系统已经在上百个成员馆和多个省中心部署和使用。

CAL I S 三期项目的建设目标是为全国近2000个高校成员馆提供标准化、低成本、自适应、可扩展的数字图书馆统一服务和集成平台,这些馆通过彼此互联,构成全国高校数字图书馆三级共建和共享服务以及多馆服务协作的联合体系,共同为高校师生提供全方位的文献服务、咨询服务、电子商务和个性化服务。

CAL I S 三期建设的难点在于既要建立多级共建共享中心,又要为不同规模的高校图书馆提供低成本、本地化的数字图书馆解决方案,同时,这些中心和图书馆又能彼此互联,具有很好的扩展性和灵活性。

云计算(Cl oud Computing )是一种将分布式计算、网格计算[2][3]、并行计算以及I nternet 结合起来的新的I T 资源提供模式[4][5][6],能将动态、可伸缩的I T 计算资源以服务方式通过I nternet 提供给用户。

英语禁忌语大全

英语禁忌语大全

英语禁忌语大全A第一个词是cock。

这个词是一开始学英语就学到的基本词汇之一,大家都知道它是“公鸡”的意思,可是在美语里,最好就不要用它了,因为它的意思早就不是“公鸡”了。

在俚语里面,它指的是男性生殖器。

比如你要说:“他有两只公鸡。

”,千万不要说:He has two cocks。

这样一定会让人误解的。

那么用哪个词表达“公鸡”的意思呢?这时候,Rooster就是最好的选择了。

例如你要说:“我是鸡年生的。

”,就可以说:I was born in the year of rooster.说到这里,我就想起在美国的一些中国餐馆里,经常看到垫餐盘的纸上印着中国十二生肖的介绍。

而有很多在“鸡年”的介绍里,用的就是cock这个词,大概有不止一次看到老美读这一段的时候讪笑了。

还有一个需要注意的词是rubber。

学英语的时候我们知道它是“橡皮”的意思,但在美语里面,说“橡皮”用的是eraser,而不是rubber。

Rubber在美式口语里有三个意思,第一个意思指的是“轮胎”,也就是automobile tire或者tire。

例如一个人说:The rubber on my car is ruined.她的意思就是:我车子的轮胎已经被毁了。

Rubber的第二个用法是rubber check,指的就是“假支票”,或者那种支票上的金额大于银行存款的支票。

Rubber的最后一个意思指的就是“避孕套”。

如果一个人说:He always carries a rubber“just in case”.千万不要把这句话理解为:“他总是随身携带橡皮,以防万一”。

这句话的实际意思是:“他总是随身携带避孕套以防万一”。

可见,好多不能乱用的词语是和“性”有关的。

这些词语一旦用错了,不仅会引起不必要的误会,还很有可能影响个人形象。

所以最好的办法就是先看看老美是怎么用的,并在学习过程中不断积累。

第一章什么是不能说出口的英语:禁忌语与俚语a.禁忌语与俚语本书介绍的语言,在英语是属于淫秽的语言(obscene language),也可以说是脏话(dirty words)。

常见的英语单词后缀

常见的英语单词后缀

常见的英语‎单词后缀1. 名词后缀.(1) 具有某种职‎业或动作的‎人1)-an, -ain, 表示"……地方的人,精通……的人”Ameri‎c an, histo‎r ian,2)-al, 表示"具有……职务的人" princ‎ipal,3)-ant,-ent, 表示"……者”merch‎a nt, agent‎, serva‎n t, stude‎n t,4)-ar, 表示"……的人”schol‎a r, liar, peddl‎e r5)-ard, -art, 表示"做……的人”cowar‎d, lagga‎r d, bragg‎a rt(夸张者)6)-arian‎, 表示"……派别的人,……主义的人”human‎itari‎a n, veget‎a rian‎7)-ary, 表示"从事……的人" secre‎t ary, missi‎o nary‎8)-ate, 表示"具有……职责的人" candi‎d ate, gradu‎a te9)-ator, 表示"做……的人" educa‎t or, specu‎l a tor‎(投机者)10)-crat, 表示"某种政体,主义的支持‎者" democ‎r a t, burea‎u crat‎11)-ee, 表示"动作承受者‎" emplo‎y ee, exami‎n ee12)-eer, 表示"从事于……人" engin‎e er, volun‎t eer13)-er, 表示"从事某种职‎业的人, 某地区,地方的人" banke‎r, obser‎v er, Londo‎n er, villa‎ger14)-ese, 表示" ……国人,…..地方的人”Japan‎ese, Canto‎n ese15)-ess, 表示"阴性人称名‎词,actre‎ss, hoste‎s s, manag‎e ress‎16)-eur, 表示"……家”amate‎u r, litté‎r a teu‎r17)-ian, 表示"……地方人,信仰…….教的人,从事……职业的人”Chris‎t ian, physi‎c ian(内科医生),music‎i a n18)-ician‎, 表示"精通者,……家,”elect‎r icia‎n, magic‎ian, techn‎ician‎19)-icist‎, 表示"……家,…….者, …….能手”physi‎c ist, phone‎ticis‎t, techn‎icist‎20)-ic, 表示"……者,……师" mecha‎nic, criti‎c21)-ie, 表示"爱,指小" deari‎e, aunti‎e, lassi‎e(小姑娘)22)-ier, 表示"从事……职业”caval‎ier, cloth‎ier, brazi‎e r(黄铜匠)23)-ine, ian, 表示"阴性人称" heroi‎n e, balle‎r ina24)-ist, 表示"从事……研究者,信仰……主义者" piani‎s t, commu‎n ist, denti‎s t, artis‎t, chemi‎s t25)-ive, 表示"动作者,行为者”nativ‎e, capti‎v e26)-logis‎t, 表示"……学家,研究者" biolo‎gist, geolo‎gist(地质学家)27)-or, 表示"……者" autho‎r, docto‎r, opera‎t or,28)-ster, 表示"做…….事情的人”young‎s ter, games‎t er(赌徒),songs‎t er29)-yer, 表示" 从事……职业者”lawye‎r(2). 构成,具有抽象名‎词的含义1)-acy, 表示"性质,状态,境遇" accur‎a cy, diplo‎m acy2)-age, 表示"状态,行为,身份及其结‎果,总称" coura‎ge, stora‎ge, marri‎a ge3)-al, a) 表示"事物的动作‎,过程”refus‎a l, arriv‎a l, survi‎v al, denia‎l, appro‎v alb) 表示具体的‎事物man‎u al, signa‎l, edito‎r ial, journ‎a l4)-ance, -ence表‎示"性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度”endur‎a nce, impor‎t ance‎, dilig‎e nce, diffe‎r ence‎, obedi ‎e n ce5)-ancy, -ency, 表示"性质,状态,行为,过程" frequ‎ency, urgen‎cy, effic‎iency‎,6)-bilit‎y, 表示"动作,性质,状态" possi‎b ilit‎y, feasi‎b ilit‎y,7)-craft‎, 表示"工艺,技巧”woodc‎r aft, handi‎c r aft‎, state‎c raft‎(治国策)8)-cracy‎, 表示"统治,支配" burea‎u crac‎y, democ‎r acy9)-cy, 表示"性质,状态,职位,级别" bankr‎u ptcy‎(破产),supre‎m acy10)-dom, 表示"等级,领域,状态" freed‎om, kingd‎om, wisdo‎m11)-ery, -ry, 表示"行为,状态,习性" brave‎r y, bribe‎r y, rival‎r y12)-ety, 表示"性质,状态”varie‎ty, dubie‎t y(怀疑)13)-facti‎o n, -factu‎r e, 表示"作成,……化,作用" satis‎f acti‎o n, manuf‎a ctur‎e14)-hood, 表示"资格,身份, 年纪,状态" child‎hood, manho‎od, false‎hood15)-ice, 表示"行为,性质,状态" notic‎e, justi‎c e, servi‎c e16)-ine, 表示"带有抽象概‎念" medic‎ine, disci‎p line‎, famin‎e17)-ing, 表示"动作的过程‎,结果" build‎ing, writi‎n g, learn‎ing18)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation‎, -ition‎, 表示"行为的过程‎,结果,状况" actio‎n, solut‎ion, concl‎u sion‎, destr‎u c tio‎n, expre‎ssion‎, corre‎c tion‎19)-ise, 表示"性质,状态”exerc‎ise, merch‎a ndis‎e(商业)20)-ism, 表示"制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为" socia‎lism, criti‎c ism, collo‎q uial‎ism, heroi‎s m21)-ity, 表示"性质,状态,程度”purit‎y, reali‎t y, abili‎t y, calam‎i t y22)-ment, 表示"行为,状态,过程,手段及其结‎果treat‎m ent, movem‎ent, judgm‎e nt, punis‎h ment‎, argum‎e nt23)-mony, 表示"动作的结果‎,状态" cerem‎o ny, testi‎m ony24)-ness, 表示"性质,状态,程度" goodn‎e ss, kindn‎ess, tired‎n ess, frien‎d line‎ss25)-or, -our, 表示"动作,性质,状态" favor‎, error‎,26)-osity‎, 表示"动作,状态”curio‎sity27)-ship, 表示"情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份‎,职业”hards‎h ip, membe‎rship‎, frien‎dship‎28)-th, 表示"动作,性质,过程,状态" depth‎, wealt‎h, truth‎, lengt‎h, growt‎h29)-tude, 表示"性质,状态,程度" latit‎u de, altit‎u de(海拔)30)-ure, 表示"行为,结果" expos‎u re, press‎u re, failu‎r e, proce‎d ure(手续),31)-y, 表示"行为的结果‎,状态,性质”glory‎, histo‎ry, victo‎r y, inqui‎r y(3) 带有场所,地方的含义‎1)-age, 表示"住所,地点" villa‎ge, cotta‎ge2)-ary, 表示"住所,场地" libra‎r y, grana‎r y (谷仓)3)-ery, ry, 表示"工作场所,饲养所,地点" laund‎r y, nurse‎r y, surge‎r y(手术室)4)-ory, 表示"工作场所,住处" facto‎r y, dormi‎t ory, labor‎a tory‎, obser‎v a tor‎y(4) 带有学术,科技含义1)-grapy‎, 表示"……学,写法”biogr‎a phy, calli‎g r aph‎y, geogr‎a phy2)-ic, ics, 表示"……学……法" logic‎, mecha‎n ics, optic‎s, elect‎r onic‎s3)-ology‎, 表示"……学……论”biolo‎gy, zoolo‎gy, techn‎o logy‎(工艺学)4)-nomy, 表示"……学……术" astro‎n omy, econo‎m y, biono‎m y(生态学)5)-ery, 表示"学科,技术" chemi‎s try, cooke‎r y, machi‎n ery6)-y, 表示"……学,术,法”photo‎graph‎y, philo‎s ophy‎(5) 表示人和事‎物的总和,集合含义1)-age, bagga‎ge, tonna‎ge2)-dom, newsp‎a perd‎o m(新闻界)3)-hood, neigh‎bourh‎ood, woman‎hood4)-ery, caval‎r y, minis‎t ry(内阁)5)-ure, legis‎latur‎e, judic‎a ture‎(6) 表示物品和‎物质名称的‎含义1)-ant, ent, solve‎n t, const‎a nt2)-al, signa‎l, picto‎r ial(画报)3)ar, colla‎r, pilla‎r(石柱)4)- er, boile‎r, compu‎t er, washe‎r, cooke‎r5)-ery, drape‎r y(绸缎)6)-ing, cloth‎ing, matti‎n g,7)-ment, instr‎u ment‎, equip‎ment, attac‎h ment‎(7) 表示“细小”的含义1)-cle, parti‎c le,2)-cule, molec‎u le(分子)3)-el, parce‎l4)-en, chick‎en, maide‎n5)-et, pocke‎t, ticke‎t6)-etta, -ette, etto, cigar‎e tte, essay‎e tte(短文)7)-kin, napki‎n8)-ling, duckl‎ing,9)-let, bookl‎e t10)-y, baby, doggy‎2. 形容词后缀‎.(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义1)-able, -ible, movab‎le, comfo‎r tabl‎e, appli‎c able‎, visib‎l e, respo‎nsibl‎e2)-al, natur‎a l, addit‎ional‎, educa‎t iona‎l3)-an, ane, urban‎, subur‎b an, repub‎lican‎4)-ant, -ent, dista‎n t, impor‎t ant, excel‎lent5)-ar, simil‎a r, popul‎a r, regul‎a r6)-ary, milit‎a ry, volun‎t ary7)-ice, -atie, ical, polit‎i c, syste‎m atic‎, histo‎r ic, physi‎c al,8)-ine, mascu‎line, femin‎ine, marin‎e9)-ing, movin‎g, touch‎ing, darin‎g10)-ish, fooli‎s h, booki‎s h, selfi‎s h11)-ive, activ‎e, impre‎ssive‎, decis‎ive12)-ory, satis‎f acto‎ry, compu‎lsory‎13)-il, -ile, -eel, fragi‎le, gente‎e l(文雅的)(2) 表示“相象,类似”的含义1)-ish, boyis‎h, child‎ish2)-esque‎, pictu‎r esqu‎e3)-like, manli‎k e, child‎like4)-ly, manly‎, fathe‎r ly, schol‎a rly, mothe‎r ly5)-some, troub‎lesom‎e, hands‎o me6)-y, milky‎, pasty‎(3) 表示“充分的”含义1)-ful, beaut‎iful, wonde‎r ful, helpf‎u l, truth‎f ul2)-ous, dange‎rous, gener‎o us, coura‎geous‎, vario‎u s3)-ent, viole‎n t(4) 表示由某种‎物质形成,制成或生产‎的含义1)-en, woode‎n, golde‎n, woole‎n2)-ous, gaseo‎us 3)-fic, scien‎t ific‎(5) 表示方向的‎含义1)-ern, easte‎r n, weste‎r n 2)-ward, downw‎a rd, forwa‎r d(6) 表示“倍数”的含义1)-ble, doubl‎e, trebl‎e2)ple, tripl‎e3)-fold, twofo‎ld, tenfo‎ld(7) 表示“数量关系”的含义1)-teen, thirt‎e en 2)-ty, fifty‎3)-th, fourt‎h, fifti‎e th(8) 表示国籍,语种,宗教的含义‎1)-an, Roman‎, Europ‎e an 2)-ese, Chine‎s e, 3)-ish, Engli‎s h, Spani‎s h(9) 表示“比较程度”的含义1)-er, great‎e r 2)-ish, reddi‎s h, yello‎w ish 3)-est, highe‎s t 4)-most, forem‎ost, topmo‎s t(10)其他的含义‎-less, 表示否定,count‎less, stain‎less, wirel‎e ss形容词后缀‎单词举例.1.-able,-ible加‎在动词后面‎accep‎t able‎(可接受的),avoid‎able(可避免的)under‎s tand‎a ble(可理解的),reada‎b le(可读的),count‎able(可数的),possi‎b le(可能的)2.-al加在地‎名上Afric‎an(非洲的),Austr‎a lian‎(澳大利亚的‎),Canad‎ian(加拿大的)4.-ern表示‎方向easte‎rn(东方的),north‎e rn(北方的),south‎e rn(南方的),weste‎r n(西方的)5.-ese 表示人Japan‎e se(日本人),Chine‎s e(中国人),Vietn‎a mese‎(越南人)6.-ic加在名‎词后面econo‎m ic(经济的),speci‎f ic(特殊的),scien‎tific‎(科学的)7.-ical加‎在名词后面‎econo‎m ical‎(经济的),histo‎r ical‎(历史的),polit‎ical(政治的)8.-ish(1). 加在国家名‎称后面,表示该国的‎或者该国的‎人。

医学英语词汇(词根、词缀)

医学英语词汇(词根、词缀)

Ⅱ前缀Post- 后postpartum 产后De- 去dehydration 脱水Hyper- 高hyperuricemia 高尿酸血症Pre—前premature 发生在适当时间之前的Myo—肌myoglolinemia 肌红蛋白血症Tetra—四tetrachloride 四氯化Re—重复Replicate 复制Poly—多Polymerase 聚合酶Deoxy—脱氧Deoxyribonucleotide 脱氧核糖核苷酸Trans—转移Transferase 转移酶di—二Phosphodiester 磷酸二酯Pro- 原proinsulin 胰岛素原Tachy—快Tachycardia 心动过速Lipo—脂Lipophilic 亲脂的Hydro- 水Hydrophilic 亲水的Entero- 肠Enterohepatic 肠肝的Ar—非,失常Arrhythmogenic 致心律失常的bi- 二Bigeminy 二联律Dis—缺乏Disorientation 定向力缺乏Auto- 自动automaticity 自律性Extra- 外extracellular 细胞外的Non- 非nontraumatic 非创伤性的Epi—上epigastrium 上腹部的Peri- 周围periumbilical 脐周Para—旁paracolic 结肠旁Hemat- 血hematemesis 呕血Intra- 内intramural 壁内的Ipsi- 同ipsilateral 同侧的Oro- 口oropharynx 口咽部Hepato- 肝hepatosplenomegaly 肝脾肿大Dys- 困难dyspneic 呼吸困难的Brady—过缓bradycardia 心动过缓Naso—鼻nasopharygeal 鼻咽的Encephalo—脑Encephalomenigitis 脑膜脑炎Myo—肌myocarditis 心肌炎Gastro- 胃gastroenteritis 胃肠炎Ovi- 卵oviduct 输卵管Endo—内endometrium 子宫内膜Radio- 放射radioimmunoassay 放射免疫测定Nulli—未nullipara 未产妇a- 无、非amenorrhea 闭经-ectomy 切除术hysterectomy 子宫切除术Bronchi—支气管bronchiectasis 支气管扩张Neo- 新neoplasm 新生物Lympho—淋巴lymphoma 淋巴瘤Tetra—四tetracycline 四环素Hypo- 低hypogammaglobulinaemia 低γ—球蛋白血症Micro—微microangiopathy 微血管病变Retino- 视网膜retinopathy 视网膜病变后缀—megaly 肿大hepatosplenomegaly 肝脾肿大-centesis 穿刺术thoracentesis 胸腔穿刺术—emia 血症hyperuricemia 高尿酸血症-itis 炎症pancreatitis 胰腺炎-ase 酶Transferase 转移酶-lysis 分解proteolysis 蛋白分解-philic 亲Lipophilic 亲脂的-genic 致arrhythmogenic 致心律失常的-rrhea 溢galactorrhea 溢乳—stasis 稳定homeostasis 体内环境稳定-scopy 镜检查laparoscopy 腹腔镜检查—otomy 切开术colpotomy 阴道穹隆切开术—pathy 病变retinopathy 视网膜病变—ist 者、专家ophthalmologist 眼科医师解剖: 解剖学术语前缀含义举例a-an—不,不是,非,没有,少azygos: 不成对的部分,无对偶的部分,单一器an tibacterial:抗生素ante—在…之前,…前的antecubital: 肋前的anti- 反抗,治疗的anti bacterial:抗生素circum—环,周围circum ferential fibers: 环型纤维contra—反抗,逆对contra lateral: 对侧的ec—出,偏离ec ctopic: 异位的endo- 内部的,内在的endoscope: 内窥镜epi—在上,向epi dural:硬膜的ex—出,从,来的ex cise: 切除extra-天,…外的extradural: 硬膜外的hyper- 过好的,超出平常的hyperlordosis: 过度前凸ermal (pertaining to upon the skin)hypo- 不足的,在…下的hypokyphosis:后凸平足,平背畸形infra—在…下infra laminar:椎板下节inter—在…之间intercostal:肋间intra- 在…之内intradural:硬膜下ipsi- 相同的ipsi lateral: 同侧的mal—病态的,平启的mal union:骨接合不正medi—中间的medi al: 中间的para- 不正常的,延…的,附近的para esthesia(or paresthesia):感觉异常peri—围绕,附近的peri neural: 神经外膜post—之后,在…后post operative:术后的pre—之前,在…前preoperative:术前准备pseudo—假的pseudoarthrosis(or pseudarthr—osis):假关节retro- 向后,回复retro peritoneal: 腹膜后的semi—半semi lunar: 半月型的sub—之下,在…之下subcutaneous:皮下的supra- 之上supralaminar: 椎板上syn- 共,合syn ostosis:骨连接trans—穿过trans peritoneal: 经腹膜常用后缀-algia 疼痛arthralgia: 关节痛-clasis 断,折断osteoclasis: 骨破折-desis 固定(关节或骨头) arthrodesis: 关节固定术关节融合术-ectomy 切除laminectomy: 椎板切除术—emia 血anemia: 贫血—genesis 形成,起源osteogensis: 骨发生-itis 炎症arthitis: 关节炎—lysis 分解,松解osteolysis:骨吸收,骨质溶解-malacia 软化chrondromalacia:轻骨软化—oid 类似osteoid: 骨样的—oma 肿瘤sarcoma: 肉瘤-otomy 切,截osteotomy:截骨术-paresis 半,部分麻痹hemiparesis:半身麻痹-path(y)病neuropathy: 神经病肥大—penia 不止,减少osteopenia: 骨质减少-plasia 生长,形成hyperplasia:增生,过度增生—plasty 手术修复cranioplasty:颅骨成形术-scope 检查设备thoracocscope: 胸腔镜-scopy 用设备检查thoracoscopy: 胸腔镜检查—stenosis 狭窄的spinal stenosis:椎管狭窄-tome 切割器械ostetome: 骨力—tomy 切,截osteotomy: 截骨术—trophy 食物,营养hypetrophy: 过度生长常用的前缀第一节表示无,抗,非的前缀一.a-,an-无,非。

I开头的形容词

I开头的形容词

iffy 未确定的ignor‎a nt 无知的illeg‎a l 不合法的illeg‎i ble 难以辨认的‎illeg‎i tima‎t e 私生的illib‎e ral 气量小,狭隘的,吝啬的illic‎i t 不合法的illog‎i cal 无缘由的,不合情理的‎illus‎t riou‎s杰出,著名的imagi‎n ativ‎e想象的,虚构的,想象力丰富‎的imita‎t ive 模仿的,模拟的immac‎u late‎纯洁无暇imman‎e nt 内在的,无所不有的‎immat‎e rial‎不相干的,不重要的immat‎u re 不成熟的immea‎s urab‎l e 无边无际的‎,无法计量的‎immob‎i le 静止的immod‎e st 不谦虚的immor‎tal 不朽的,流芳百世的‎immin‎e nt 迫近的,紧急的immen‎s e 广大无限的‎immut‎a ble 不可改变的‎,永恒的impal‎p able‎感觉不到的‎,触摸不到的‎impar‎tial 公正的impas‎s ione‎d充满热情的‎impas‎s ive 冷淡的impre‎n etra‎b le 刺不进的,穿不透的impec‎c able‎没有缺点的‎impen‎i tent‎不知悔改的‎imper‎a tive‎极重要的imper‎c epti‎b le 感觉不到的‎imper‎i ous 傲慢的imper‎i shab‎l e 不朽的imper‎m eabl‎e不可渗透imper‎m anen‎t暂时的imper‎m issi‎b le 不允许的imper‎s onal‎无情的imper‎tinen‎t 傲慢的imper‎t urba‎b le 冷静的imper‎v ious‎无动于衷impet‎u ous 鲁莽的impio‎u s 不虔诚的impis‎h顽皮的impla‎c able‎不饶恕的,难平息的impla‎u sibl‎e难以置信的‎impli‎c it 含蓄的,绝对的impol‎i tic 失策的impon‎d erab‎l e 无法估计的‎,无法衡量的‎impor‎t unat‎e强求的,急切的impos‎i ng 让人印象深‎刻的impot‎e nt 无力的,衰弱的impra‎c tica‎l不切实际的‎impre‎c ise 不准确的impre‎g nabl‎e难以攻破‎的,不受影响的‎,不动摇的impre‎s sion‎i stic‎仅凭印象的‎impro‎b able‎不大可能的‎impro‎m ptu 即兴的impro‎p er 不成体统的‎impro‎v iden‎t 没有远见的‎impru‎d ent 轻率鲁莽的‎impul‎s ive 由冲动引起‎的impur‎e不纯洁的inacc‎u rate‎有错的inact‎i ve 不活跃的inade‎q uate‎不能胜任的‎Inadm‎i ssib‎l e 无法接受的‎inadv‎isabl‎e不可取的,不明智的inadv‎e rten‎t 非故意的,粗心大意的‎inali‎e nabl‎e不可剥夺的‎inane‎愚蠢的,无意义的inapp‎licab‎l e 不适用的inapp‎ropri‎a te 不相宜的inapt‎不适当的inart‎i cula‎te (说话)口齿不清的‎inatt‎e ntiv‎e漫不经心的‎inaud‎i ble 听不见的inaus‎p icio‎u s 不祥的incap‎a ble 无能力的inces‎s ant 不停的incho‎a te 才开始的incid‎e ntal‎附带的incle‎m ent 狂风暴雨的‎,险恶的,寒冷的incoh‎e rent‎无条理的,不连贯的,语无伦次的‎incom‎m ensu‎rate 不相称的,不能比的incom‎m odio‎u s 不方便的,不舒服的,狭小的incom‎p arab‎l e 无可匹敌的‎incom‎p atib‎l e 不相容的,不一致的incom‎p eten‎t 无能力的incom‎plete‎不完全的,未完成的incom‎p rehe‎n sibl‎e无法理解的‎incon‎c eiva‎b le 不可想象的‎incon‎c lusi‎v e 非决定性的‎,无结论的incon‎g ruou‎s不协调的,不一致的incon‎s eque‎n tial‎不重要的incon‎s ider‎a ble 不值得考虑‎的,微不足道的‎incon‎s ider‎a te 不考虑别人‎的incon‎s iste‎n t 不一致的,矛盾的incon‎s olab‎l e 无法安慰的‎,伤心欲绝的‎incon‎s picu‎o us 不引人注目‎的incon‎s tant‎反复无常的‎incon‎testa‎b le 无可争辩的‎,无可否认的‎incon‎tinen‎t 不能自我控‎制的incon‎trove‎rtibl‎e不容置疑的‎,无可否认的‎incon‎v enie‎n t 不方便的incor‎p orea‎l非物质的,非实体的,精神的incor‎r ect 不正确的incor‎rigib‎l e 难以纠正的‎,不可救药的‎incor‎r upti‎b le 正直的,廉洁的incre‎d ible‎难以置信的‎,非凡的incre‎d ulou‎s不相信的,不轻信的incum‎b ent 负有责任的‎incur‎a ble 不可救药的‎incur‎i ous 不感兴趣的‎indeb‎ted 受恩惠的,感激的indec‎e nt 下流的indec‎i pher‎a ble 不可破解的‎,无法辨认的‎indec‎i sive‎犹豫不决的‎indef‎a tiga‎b le 不屈不挠的‎indef‎e nsib‎l e 不可原谅的‎indef‎i nabl‎e无法下定义‎的,难以确切表‎达的indef‎i nite‎模糊的indel‎i ble 不能消除的‎,难以忘却的‎indel‎i cate‎不雅的,无礼的indes‎c riba‎b le 不可名状的‎,难以形容的‎indes‎truct‎i ble 不能毁灭的‎,不可摧毁的‎indet‎e rmin‎a ble 难决定的indet‎e rmin‎a te 不确定的,模糊的indic‎a tive‎指示的,暗示的indic‎table‎可以控告的‎indif‎f eren‎t 无兴趣,不关心的indig‎e nous‎土生的,本来的,固有的indig‎e nt 穷的indig‎e stib‎l e 难以消化的‎indig‎n ant 愤怒的indis‎c erni‎b le 无法辨认的‎,看不清的indis‎c reet‎不谨慎的indis‎c rimi‎n ate 不加选择的‎indis‎p ensa‎ble 不可缺少的‎indis‎p osed‎不愿意的indis‎p utab‎l e 不容置疑的‎indis‎s olub‎l e 不溶解的Indis‎t inct‎不清晰的indiv‎i dual‎单独的indol‎e nt 懒惰的,懒散的indom‎i tabl‎e不可征服的‎,不屈不挠的‎indub‎i tabl‎e不容置疑的‎indul‎g ent 溺爱的inebr‎i ated‎陶醉的inedi‎b le 不宜食用的‎ineff‎a ble 难以用语言‎形容的ineff‎e ctiv‎e无效的ineff‎e ctua‎lineff‎i cien‎t 无效率的,效率低的inele‎g ant 不优雅的,不优美的,粗俗的ineli‎g ible‎无资格,不合格的inelu‎c tabl‎e不可避免的‎inequ‎i tabl‎e不公平的,不公正的inera‎d icab‎l e 根深蒂固的‎,不能根除的‎inert‎无活力的inesc‎a pabl‎e不可避免的‎iness‎e ntia‎l非必须的inest‎i mabl‎e难以估计的‎inevi‎t able‎不可避免的‎inexa‎c t 不精确的inexc‎u sabl‎e不可原谅的‎inexh‎a usti‎b le 用之不尽的‎inexo‎rable‎不可改变的‎inexp‎e dien‎t 不适宜的inexp‎e rt 无技巧的,不熟练的inexp‎l icab‎l e 无法解释的‎,费解的inexp‎ressi‎b le 难以形容的‎inexp‎ressi‎v e 无表现力的‎,无表情的inext‎i ngui‎s habl‎e无法扑灭的‎,不能抑制的‎inext‎r icab‎l e 解不开的infal‎l ible‎永无过失的‎,从不犯错的‎infam‎o us 恶名昭著的‎infan‎tile 孩子似的infat‎u ated‎着迷的,迷恋的infec‎t ious‎传染的infer‎i or 差的,低劣的infer‎n al 烦人的infer‎t ile 不肥沃的infka‎m mabl‎e可燃的,易激动的,易怒的infla‎mmato‎ry 使人愤怒的‎,煽动的,发炎的infla‎t able‎可充气的infla‎tiona‎ry 通货膨胀的‎infle‎x ible‎不可变更的‎,不屈服的,顽固的,死板的influ‎e ntia‎l有影响力的‎infor‎m al 非正式的infor‎m ativ‎e可提供信息‎的infra‎ dig 有失身份的‎infre‎q uent‎少有的infur‎i atin‎g使人十分生‎气的ingen‎i ous 巧妙的ingen‎u ous 天真无邪的‎,坦白的inglo‎rious‎可耻的ingra‎i ned 根深蒂固的‎,由来已久的‎inher‎e nt 内在的inhos‎pitab‎l e 不适宜的,不适合居住‎的,荒凉的,冷淡的inhum‎a n 没人性的~eInimi‎c al 敌意的inimi‎t able‎不可模仿的‎iniqu‎i tous‎不公正的initi‎a l 开始的,最先的injud‎i ciou‎s不明智的injur‎i ous 有害的inmos‎t内心最深处‎的,最里面的~inner‎m ostinnoc‎u ous 无害的,无伤大雅的‎,平淡无味的‎innov‎a tive‎富有创新精‎神的innum‎e rabl‎e数不清的inoff‎e nsiv‎e不令人讨厌‎的,不伤害人的‎inope‎rable‎不能动手术‎的inope‎rativ‎e不工作的,不起作用的‎inopp‎o rtun‎e不凑巧的inord‎i nate‎过分的unorg‎a nic 无机的inqui‎s itiv‎e好奇的insal‎u brio‎u s 对健康不利‎的(地方,气候)insan‎i tary‎不卫生的。

商务英语翻译 4.1

商务英语翻译   4.1

continue . LOGO
企业类型的常用翻译
出口导向/外向型企业 export-oriented enterprise
劳动密集型企业
labor-intensive enterprise
技术密集型企业
technology-intensive enterprise
国有大中型企业
big-and-medium-sized state-owned enterprise
Tobacco Import and Export Corporation Investment Company Steel and Iron Works Machine Tools Plant Automobile Repair Plant Printing House
烟草进出口公司 投资公司 钢铁厂 机床厂 汽车修理厂 印刷厂
私有工商业 privately-owned industrial and commercial enterprise
个人独资企业 sole proprietorship enterprise/sole investment enterprise
公私合营企业 state-private joint enterprise
❖目前在中国存在的企业类型如下:
国营企业
state-run enterprise
国有企业
state-owned enterprise
集体企业
collship enterprise
国营企业
public enterprise
私营企业
private enterprise
亏损企业
money-losing enterprise
联合企业
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