初三英语被动语态新

被动语态

编者：编写时间：

【主要内容】

被动语态

【知识总结归纳】

一. 语态分类

1. 主动语态: 表示主语是动作的执行者.

2. 被动语态: 表示主语是动作的承受者。如：

They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动语态)

A new bridge will be built by them over the river. (被动语态)

二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换

We Visited that factory last summer →主动语态

主语谓语宾语状语

That factory was visited by us last summer →被动语态

主语谓语宾语状语

三.变化口诀：主变宾（by+宾格），宾变主，谓语随着时态走。

四.被动语态的标志：be + done

五. 各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比

四.语态转换时所注意的问题

1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。

We have bought a new computer.

A new computer has been bought. (正确)

A new computer have been bought. (错误)

2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。

My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.

I was given a present on my birthday.

如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：

A present was given to me yesterday.

注意：1.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：

bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。

(1) The book was showed to the class.

(2) My bike was lent to her.

2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for, 如：

build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。

(1) A new skirt was made for me.

(2) The meat was cooked for us.

(3) Some country music was played for us.

3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动

词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：

不及物动词+ 介词，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。

The patient is being operated on.

The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.

及物动词+ 副词：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。

His request was turned down.

The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather

4. 带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：

(1) We always keep the classroom clean.

→The classroom is always kept clean.

(2) She told us to follow her instructions.

→We were told to follow her instructions.

注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to 的问题。

We often hear him play the guitar.

→He is often heard to play the guitar.

5. 当主动句的主语是nobody, no one等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody, 作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：

Nobody can answer this question.

误：The question can be answered by nobody.

正：The question can not be answered by anybody.

6. 当否定句中的宾语是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing, nobody, no one作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如：They haven't done anything to make the river clean.

误：Anything hasn't been done to make the river clean.

正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean.

7. 以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用by whom放在句首：

Who wrote the story?

误：Who was the story written?

正：By whom was the story written?

8. 有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。如：

(1)The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。

(2)The new product sells well. 这新产品很畅销。

对比：

The books sell well. (主动句)

The books were sold out. (被动句)

The meat didn’t cook well. (主动句)

The meat was cooked for a long time. (被动句)