手表历史

手表历史
从19世纪中期有人将计时挂表装上皮带，戴在手腕上使用开始，逐步改进、缩小体形、美化样式，发展成为手表[1]。

世界上的第一只手表是于1868年由百达翡丽制造给匈牙利的Koscowicz伯爵夫人的。

但这种形式的钟表，在当时并不流行。

手表
手表的普及化要推迟至二十世纪初。

在1904年，经营珠宝的法国商人路易斯·弗朗索瓦·卡地亚接到飞行员好友亚伯托·桑托斯·杜蒙的投诉：当驾驶飞机时要把怀表从口袋里拿出来十分困难，希望他协助解决这个问题，以便在飞行途中也能看到时间。

因此卡地亚便想出了用皮带及扣，将怀表绑在手上的方法，以解决好友的难题。

而这种绑在手上的怀表，就是现今的手表。

1911年卡地亚[2]正式将这种形式的钟表商业化，推出了著名的Santos手表。

自此以后，手表便开始普及。

经历一个世纪的改进，1967年瑞士人首度将石英钟做成石英表，手表之后也由手动/自动上发条的形式，发展到用石英、电子等动力显示时间，并混合了较为简单的其他功能，例如计时、月相、量度脉搏等；现代手表增加了更多复杂的功能，如：电子手帐、MP3、手机等形式。

而部份手表亦同时变成了手饰的一种，重点已不在显示时间，而在于其设计、品牌、材质（如贵金属及钻石）等特征上。

部件概念
手表的制作及生产都基于一个简单而机智的发明，这就是“弹簧”，它能够收紧并储存能量，又能慢慢地把能量释放出来，以推动手表内的运行装置及指针，达到显示时间的功能，手表内的这种弹簧装置被称为主弹簧（Mainspring）。

手表构造手表由表头、表带（表扣）组成。

其中表头的零部件包括：机芯、表壳、底盖、镜面、字面（常说的表盘）、指针、把的（调时间的，也叫按的）。

发展
1914年第一次世界大战爆发，各国军方意识到“免手提”腕表的重要性，这才启发了一般民众对手戴腕表的热切需求。

1926年，发明了第一块自行上弦的腕表，从1960年起，传统的圆形表样普遍受到接受。

瑞士对腕表的进一步改进，就是把怀表所具有的计时、日历、陀飞轮及自动发条装置加以微型化，而装设于腕表上。

1952年在美国、法国和瑞士各生产出一块电子表。

1967年，纳沙泰尔的电子钟表中心开发出第一块石英手腕表，并在1970年以不同瑞士品牌的名字开始大量生产。

自此，新的技术开始快速开发。

Watch history
Chronograph pocket watch from the mid-19th century, it was fitted with a belt, worn on the wrist began to gradually improve, narrow shape, ,landscaping style, developed into a watch [1].
The world watches manufactured by Patek Philippe in 1868 to Hungarian Countess of Koscowicz. However, this form of watches, is not popular at the time.
Wristwatch
The popularization of the watch to be postponed to the beginning of the twentieth century. In 1904, jewelry French businessman Louis Francois Cartier Asia received pilot friends, Ya Botuo • Santos Dumont's complaints: ,when to fly a plane should watch out of your pocket very difficult to hope that he will assist in solve this problem, in order to be able to see in flight time. Cartier will come up with a belt and buckle, pocket watch tied the hands of the method to solve the problem of Friends. This tied the hands of the watch is the watch.
1911 Cartier [2] formally commercialization of this form of watches, launched the famous Santos watches. Since then, the watch began to spread.
Improvement experienced a century, ,in 1967, the Swiss first made the quartz clock quartz watch, watch after time by a manual / automatic winding form, the development of display such as quartz, electronic power, and a mixture of relatively simple other functions, such as timing, moon phase, measuring pulse; modern watches more complex functions, such as: PDA, MP3, mobile phones and other forms. Part of the watch has also become a kind of jewelry, the focus is no longer display the time, and in the characteristics of its design, brand, material (such as precious metals and diamonds).
Components concept
Production and production of watches are based on a simple and witty invention, this is the "spring", it can tighten up and store energy, but also slowly energy released to promote the watch running gear and pointer to reach the display time functions, , such spring means within the watch is referred to as the main spring (Mainspring,). The watch the constructor watch by the header, the strap (clasp). The header parts include: movement, case and case back, mirror, literally (often say that the dial), pointer to (adjust time, also called press). Developing
The outbreak of World War I in 1914, the national military realized the importance of the "Free mobile watch, this inspired fervent demand of the general public opponent wearing a watch. In 1926, invented a self-winding watch, from 1960 onwards, the traditional round table kind of universally been accepted. Switzerland on the further improvement of the watch is the pocket watch with chronograph, ,calendar, tourbillon and automatic winding device to be miniaturized, and installed at the watch on. 1952 in the United States, France and Switzerland each produce an electronic form. In 1967, electronic watches in Neuchatel developed the first quartz wrist table, and to begin mass production in 1970, the the different Swiss brand name. Since then, new technology began to rapidly develop.。