计算机发展史(英语版)11
计算机历史与发展英语作文
计算机历史与发展英语作文英文回答：The History and Evolution of Computers.The history of computers dates back to the early days of human civilization. The first known computing devices were the abacus and the astrolabe, which were used by the ancient Greeks and Chinese for mathematical calculations and astronomy.In the 16th century, the invention of the mechanical calculator by Blaise Pascal marked a significant advancement in computing technology. This device could perform basic arithmetic operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.The 19th century saw the development of more advanced computing machines, such as the Analytical Engine by Charles Babbage. This machine was capable of performing awide range of mathematical operations and is considered to be the first mechanical computer.In the 20th century, the invention of the electronic computer revolutionized the field of computing. The first electronic computer, the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), was developed by John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry at the University of Pennsylvania in 1943.The ENIAC was a massive machine that weighed over 30 tons and contained over 18,000 vacuum tubes. It was capable of performing complex calculations at a speed of 5,000 operations per second.The development of transistors in the late 1940s and early 1950s led to the creation of smaller and more powerful computers. The first transistorized computer, the TX-0, was developed by MIT in 1956.The 1960s and 1970s saw the development of integrated circuits (ICs), which allowed multiple transistors to bepacked onto a single silicon chip. This advancement led to the creation of even smaller and more powerful computers.The 1980s saw the release of the first personal computers (PCs), which brought computing power toindividual users for the first time. The IBM PC, releasedin 1981, was a particularly influential model that popularized the PC concept.The 1990s and early 2000s saw the development of the World Wide Web and the Internet, which connected computers around the world and revolutionized the way people communicated and accessed information.The 21st century has seen the rise of mobile computing, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence (AI). Mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, have become ubiquitous, providing users with access to computing power and connectivity on the go.Cloud computing allows users to access and store data and applications over the Internet, rather than on theirown devices. This provides greater flexibility and scalability.AI is a field of computer science that focuses on developing intelligent systems that can perform tasks typically requiring human intelligence, such as learning, problem-solving, and decision-making.The development of computers has had a profound impact on society. Computers have revolutionized the way we work, communicate, learn, and access information. They have also played a major role in scientific research, engineering, medicine, and many other fields.As computing technology continues to evolve, it is likely to have an even greater impact on our lives in the years to come.中文回答：计算机的历史与发展。
计算机历史与发展英语作文
计算机历史与发展英语作文The Evolution of Computing: A Journey Through Technological Advancements.From the rudimentary beginnings of the abacus to the sophisticated quantum computers of today, the history of computing has been marked by a continuous pursuit of innovation and technological breakthroughs. This journey has shaped our world in countless ways, transforming the way we communicate, work, learn, and even experience entertainment.Early Beginnings: Counting, Calculating, and Communication.The first known computing devices emerged thousands of years ago. The abacus, invented in ancient Mesopotamia, allowed for simple arithmetic calculations by manipulating beads on a frame. Other early devices, such as the astrolabe and the sundial, enabled astronomers to measuretime and celestial phenomena.In the 17th century, the invention of the mechanical calculator, such as Blaise Pascal's Pascaline,revolutionized the process of arithmetic. These machines, using gears and levers, could perform complex calculations with greater speed and accuracy.A New Era of Electricity and Automation.The 19th century marked the dawn of the electrical age, which brought about significant advances in computing technology. In 1822, Charles Babbage proposed theAnalytical Engine, a mechanical computer that employedpunch cards for programming. Although never fully completed, Babbage's ideas laid the foundation for modern computers.In 1889, Herman Hollerith's development of the punched card for use in the 1890 US Census demonstrated thepotential of automated data processing. This invention ledto the establishment of the Tabulating Machine Company, which later became IBM.The Birth of the Electronic Computer.The 20th century witnessed the advent of electronic computers, which completely transformed the field of computing. In 1946, the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was built as a massive and complex machine to perform complex calculations for the US Army.Soon after, the University of Pennsylvania developedthe EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer), which introduced the stored program concept,revolutionizing computer architecture. This idea allowed a single computer to perform multiple tasks by storing instructions in memory.The Transistor Revolution and Miniaturization.The invention of the transistor in 1947 marked apivotal moment in computing history. Transistors, replacing the bulky and unreliable vacuum tubes, were smaller, faster, and more energy-efficient. This breakthrough paved the wayfor the miniaturization of computers and the development of the first integrated circuits (ICs) in the late 1950s.The Personal Computer Revolution.In the 1970s, the development of microprocessors (single-chip computers) sparked the personal computer revolution. Companies like Apple, Commodore, and IBM introduced affordable and user-friendly personal computers, democratizing access to computing for millions.The introduction of the graphical user interface (GUI) in the 1980s made computers more accessible and intuitive for users. With the advent of the internet in the 1990s, personal computers became gateways to a global network of information and communication.The Mobile and Cloud Computing Era.The 21st century witnessed the rise of mobile computing and cloud computing. Smartphones and tablets, equipped with powerful processors and wireless connectivity, have becomeubiquitous. Cloud computing platforms offer access to avast pool of computing resources, providing businesses and individuals with on-demand access to software, data storage, and other services.Quantum Computing: The Next Frontier.Today, quantum computing stands as the next major advancement in computing technology. Unlike traditional computers that rely on 0s and 1s, quantum computers utilize the principles of quantum mechanics to perform complex calculations at unprecedented speeds. Quantum computershave the potential to revolutionize fields such as cryptography, materials science, and drug discovery.Conclusion.The history of computing is a testament to therelentless pursuit of innovation and technological progress. From the simple abacus to the sophisticated quantum computers of today, this journey has transformed the way we live, work, and interact with the world around us. Astechnology continues to advance at an exponential pace, we stand on the cusp of a future where computing will play an even more integral role in shaping our society and unlocking new possibilities.。
计算机发展史英文
电子计算机
第一台电子计算机
电子计算机的出现标志着计算机时代的真正开始。第一台电子计算机是ENIAC（ Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator），它于1946年问世。
晶体管计算机
随着晶体管技术的不断发展，人们开始使用晶体管代替电子管来制造计算机。晶 体管计算机比电子管计算机更小、更快、更可靠。
计算机发展史英文
xx年xx月xx日
目录
• 早期计算机 • 发展中的计算机 • 现代计算机 • 未来计算机
01
早期计算机
机械计算机
莱布尼茨的机械计算机
莱布尼茨发明了一种基于齿轮和杠杆的机械计算机，它可以执行基本的算术 和逻辑运算。
帕斯卡（Pascal）的计算机
帕斯卡设计了一种简单的机械计算机，它可以进行加法和减法运算，并具有 存储和读取数据的能力。
1981年，IBM PC推出，成为个人计算机的标准。
1991年，Linux操作系统诞生，成为开源软件的代表 。
云计算与大数据
2006年，Amazon Web Services推出，云计算服务 开始商业化。
2012年，Google BigQuery推出，大数据分析进入云 时代。
2009年，Hadoop分布式计算系统诞生，大数据处理 成为可能。
生物计算机的出现将带来巨大的变革，包括改变药物设计和治 疗的方式、加速生物科学研究等。
THANKS
谢谢您的观看
发展趋势
除了科学计算和数据处理，还广泛应用于工 业控制、航空航天等领域。
随着集成电路的发展，晶体管计算机逐渐被 淘汰，为微处理器所取代。
03
现代计算机
个人计算机
1977年，Apple II型计算机问世，成为第一台成功的 个人计算机。
计算机发展史-英文
1987: A supercomputer release,which can
made 200 million operations per second.
1987年：一个超级版本，它可以每秒
运算200万
At present, the type of computer has a lot of friends, according to the computer’s processing speed classification, It can be divided into five types：
1832, Babbage and Joseph Clement made a computing device. Its Size nearly as big a house.
1832年，巴贝奇和约瑟夫· 克 莱门特发明了计算设备。它
的大小几乎一样大的房子
January 1943: In the United States, An advanced computer was developed which weighs 5 tons, 75 million parts. 1943年1月：在 美国，开发了先 进的计算机，它 重达5吨，75万 件。 These computers are mainly used in the war began. 这些电脑主要用于在战争开始
目前，计算机的类型有很多朋 --supercomputers, 友，根据计算机的处理速度分 超级计算机 类，可分为五种类型 --mainframes,
大型机
--minicomputers 小型机 --workstations 工作站 --microcomputers. 微型计算机
英语介绍电脑发展史
The ULSITFra biblioteke PCThe smallest CMOS chip(芯 片) in the world . It is 0.4
mm level.
Maybe computer’s invention is for the war, but with the development of society. I believe that the purpose of computer-generated is to make people to create more material wealth, and make the potential of people even greater development.
Thank you !
英语介绍电脑发展史
The first generation of tube
computer(1945-1956)
In February 15,1946,marking the birth of the modern computer ENIAC is invented in the Philadelphia (费城). The ENIAC represents the history of the computer milepost(里程碑).It is developed by the United states government and the university of Pennsylvania, used 18000 vacuum tubes(真空管),70000 resistors(电阻器),5 million welding point(焊接点),and the power consumption about 160 kilowatts. The operation speed is about 5000 times a second .it is very quick at that age .
计算机发展史-英文
计算机发展史-英文The History of ComputersComputers have become an indispensable part of our lives today, revolutionizing the way we work, communicate, and access information But have you ever wondered how they came to be? The development of computers is a fascinating journey that spans several decades and is marked by significant technological advancementsThe earliest form of computing can be traced back to ancient times when humans used simple tools like the abacus for arithmetic calculations The abacus, with its rows of beads, allowed for basic addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division However, it was a far cry from the complex and powerful machines we have todayIn the 19th century, mechanical calculators began to emerge These devices were operated by turning cranks or pulling levers and could perform more complex calculations than the abacus They were used mainly in offices and businesses to handle large amounts of numerical dataThe 20th century witnessed a significant leap in computing technology The first electronic computers were developed during World War II for military purposes These early computers were huge, taking up entire rooms and consuming a massive amount of power They were based on vacuum tubes, which were bulky, unreliable, and generated a lot of heatOne of the most important milestones in the history of computers was the invention of the transistor in 1947、 Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and were much smaller, more reliable, and consumed less power This led to the development of smaller and more efficient computersIn the 1960s, integrated circuits were introduced, which further miniaturized the components of a computer This allowed for the creation of desktopsized computers that were more accessible to businesses and individualsThe 1970s saw the birth of the microprocessor, a single chip that contained the processing power of an entire computer This innovation made it possible to develop personal computers that were affordable and practical for home use Companies like Apple and IBM played a crucial role in bringing personal computers to the mainstreamThe 1980s and 1990s were marked by rapid advancements in software and operating systems Graphical user interfaces （GUI) made computers more userfriendly, and applications such as word processors, spreadsheets, and games became widely available The Internet also began to gain popularity during this time, connecting computers around the world and opening up a whole new realm of possibilitiesThe 21st century has brought about even more revolutionary changes Laptops, tablets, and smartphones have become ubiquitous, allowing us to carry computing power in our pockets and access information anytime, anywhere Cloud computing has enabled us to store and access data remotely, eliminating the need for large local storage devicesAdvancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning are also shaping the future of computing Computers are now able to perform tasks that once required human intelligence, such as image recognition, language translation, and autonomous drivingLooking back at the history of computers, it's clear that the progress has been nothing short of remarkable From the simple abacus to the supercomputers of today, the development of computing technology has transformed our world in ways that were once unimaginable And the journey is far from over As technology continues to evolve at an astonishing pace, we can only anticipate more exciting innovations and breakthroughs in the field of computing in the years to comeThe impact of computers on society has been profound They have changed the way we do business, communicate with each other, and access education and entertainment In the business world, computers have streamlined operations, increased productivity, and enabled global collaboration Online shopping, ecommerce, and digital marketing have become integral parts of the modern economyIn the field of communication, email, social media, and video conferencing have made it easier than ever to stay in touch with people around the world We can now communicate instantly and share information with a click of a buttonEducation has also been transformed by computers Online courses, educational software, and digital libraries have made learning more accessible and personalized Students can now access a vast amount of knowledge and resources from the comfort of their homesHowever, the rapid development of computers has also brought some challenges Issues such as cyber security, privacy concerns, and digital divide need to be addressed Cyber attacks and data breaches pose a threat to personal and corporate information The unequal access to technology and the digital skills gap are also issues that need to be overcome to ensure that the benefits of computing are shared by allIn conclusion, the history of computers is a story of continuous innovation and progress It is a field that has constantly pushed the boundaries of what is possible and has had a profound impact on every aspect of our lives As we look forward to the future, it is exciting to think about the new possibilities and challenges that lie ahead。
History of computer science 计算机发展史
5
Milkyway-2
天 河
This is the fastest computer in the world.
What this？
二号
Milkyway-2 can calculation more than 5 billion billion times per second, equivalent to the full Chinese people calculation in one thousand years by the calculator
Abacus
For man is man and master of his fate.
Purpose
It is widely used in commercial trade, and this is the first calculation tool.
Meaning
It is also considered the prototype of a computer.
What has “he” done?
In 2015 , the AlphaGo defeated European go champion 5-0; In March 2016 AlphaGo dued with the world go champion, named Li Shishi and AlphaGo went on to win, by 4-1
Colossus machine
For man is man and master of his fate.
The prototype, Colossus Mark 1, was shown to be working in December 1943 and was operational at Bletchley Park on 5 February 1944. An improved Colossus Mark 2 that used shift registers to quintuple the processing speed, first worked on 1 June 1944, just in time for the Normandy Landings on D-Day. Ten Colossi were in use by the end of the war and an eleventh was being comm use of these machines allowed the Allies to obtain a vast amount of high-level military intelligence from intercepted radiotelegraphy messages between the German High Command and their army commands throughout occupied Europe.
电脑进化史作文英文
电脑进化史作文英文英文，The evolution of computers is a fascinating journey that has revolutionized the way we live and work. From the early mechanical calculators to the powerful supercomputers of today, the advancement in technology has been nothing short of remarkable.One of the earliest computing devices was the abacus, which originated in ancient China. This simple yet ingenious tool allowed users to perform basic arithmetic calculations by moving beads along rods. It laid the foundation for more complex computing machines to come.In the mid-20th century, the invention of the electronic computer marked a significant milestone. Early computers like the ENIAC were massive machines that filled entire rooms and required extensive manual programming. However, they paved the way for smaller, more efficient computers that would eventually become accessible to the general public.The introduction of the microprocessor in the 1970s revolutionized the computer industry. This tiny chip contained the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer, allowing for greater miniaturization and faster processing speeds. Companies like Intel and AMD became leaders in microprocessor development, driving innovation and competition in the market.The 1980s saw the rise of personal computers (PCs), thanks to pioneers like Apple and IBM. These user-friendly machines brought computing power into people's homes and offices, enabling individuals to perform tasks like word processing, gaming, and communication with ease. Phrases like "surfing the web" and "scrolling through social media" became commonplace as the internet became accessible to the masses.As technology continued to advance, computers became more powerful and portable. Laptops, tablets, and smartphones revolutionized the way we interact with information, allowing us to stay connected and productiveon the go. Terms like "cloud computing" and "artificial intelligence" entered our lexicon as computers became increasingly integrated into our daily lives.Looking ahead, the future of computing holds even more exciting possibilities. Quantum computers, which harness the principles of quantum mechanics, promise to revolutionize fields like cryptography, drug discovery, and weather forecasting. As technology continues to evolve, one thing is certain: the journey of computers has only just begun.中文，计算机的演变是一段迷人的旅程，彻底改变了我们的生活和工作方式。
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In 1981, International Business Machines (IBM), the largest computer company in the world, introduced its own microcomputer, dubbed the IBM PC (“PC” is the abbreviation for personal computer).
晶体管的三位发明人 ——因这项伟大发明，三人获得1956年诺贝尔物理学奖
威廉·肖克利
约翰·巴丁
沃尔特·布拉坦
In the early 1970s, technology progressed to the point where the circuits for the “brain” of a computer (the central processing unit or CPU) could be manufactured on a single semiconductor chip. These miniaturized computers were called microprocessors, and were manufactured by corporations such as Intel and Motorola.
Now , there is a light-weight, Tablet computer, designed to be moved easily. Now is the most popular ipad is the55 年，贝尔实验室使用 800 只晶 体管 组装 了世界 上第一台晶体管计算机 TRADIC。 (Transistor Digital Computer)
The semiconductor chips enabled engineerd to miniaturize the circuits in all electronic devices. Most importantly, it priduced a new generation of mainframes and minicomputers with increased capability, greater speed , and smaller size.
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, engineers made great strides in reducing the size of electronic components. They developed the semiconductor chip, which was about the size of a fingenail and could contain hundreds of transistors.
ENIAC两位设计者 ——莫契利和埃克特
By the early 1970s, they were in common use in large businesses, government, and the military. The largest computers (like the ENIAC= the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) were called mainframes!
The fitst microcomputers
In 1971, Intel company claims, they created a "open integrated circuit new era" semiconductor chip, that is the first piece of microprocessor chip 4004. The so-called microprocessor chip is a CPU (Central Processing Unit, the CPU) integration on a single chip.
2016156王健欣 2016157马海超 2016158崔昌胜
In 1946 Pennsylvania University in the USA developed the first electronic computer in the world through several years" hard efforts."
This is easy to carry around and preferred by srudents people to meet their assignments and other necessary tasks.
The approach of this computer is also the same as the personal computer. It can store the same amount of data and having a memory of the same size as that of a personal computer. One can say that it is the replacement of personal desktop computer.
This computer is small in size and you can easily arrange it to fit in your dingle bedroom with its all accommodation.Today this is thought to be the most popular computer in all.
The First IBM PC
Almost all the computer users ate familiar with the personal computers. This is the computer mostly preferred by the home users.These computers are lesser in cost than the computers given abmve and also, small in size; they are also called PCs in short for personal computers.