何凯文基础写作课知识点整理

何凯文考研英语写作基础课程知识点整理

主讲：何凯文

整理：心理守夜人

一、作文构成：

（一）应用文10分，分为书信和告示两大类，考生平均分6分，我们的目标是8分。

（二）议论文20分，分为图画作文（一般是英语1）和图表作文（一般是英语2），考生平均分8分，我们的目标是14+分。议论文的分值包括奖励分（3分）基准分（17分）。奖励分要求：正确、正规、可读；基准分要求：内容、形式、语言（最重要）。

二、奖励分书写要求

（一）书写工整（很重要）

（二）标点规范

1.句号为一点

2.逗号不能连接两个句子

3.不能写书名号，可用the book of+书名（首字母大写）代替

4.引号””

5.括号( )

6.破折号—

7.如&等标记不建议使用

（三）修改正确

1.如需修改可使用/划掉错误的词，在正上方写上正确的词即可。

2.如需添加，可用两单词空格下方加”^”，并在上方加相加的词即可。

三、基准分

（一）内容

1.有话说：万能角度（见2017写作高分攻略P55），万能例子。

2.别跑题：内容趋同，先字后图

（二）形式：分三段

（三）语言

1.句式：正确、复杂、多变

2.用词：正确、多样

3.如何做到句式正确？

(1).句子主干正确

(2).五大基本句型：动词的用法

(3).写作时态：现在时为主，偶尔用将来时，不主张过去时。

4.如何做到句式复杂

(1).加adj或adv：n+adj；v+adv

(2).加同位语：n或者句子

(3).加介词短语做状语：时间状语，地点状语

(4).加定语从句

(5).将两个句子写成一个句子

Note：万能状语

(1).The spirit of creation is indispensably(=very) important in the times of knowledge explosion,when the news,facts,opinions and even rumors have been bombarding us from every corner of the world.

(2).The environmental preservation really matters,especially in China,a nation with the huge population undergoing the remarkable rapid economic growth.

5.如何做到句式多变

(1).虚拟语气=观点的表达方式而不是事实

句式一：It is high time that+主语+动词过去式+其他

It is high time that we took effective initiatives to put the situation on hold. 句式二：It is imperative that +主语+(should)+动词+其他.意为必须做...

It is imperative that our media undertake more research before they set

pen to paper.

It is imperative that corresponding laws and regulations be introduced and

enforced to curb and harness this urgent problem.

句式三：虚拟条件句

If there were no sth,sb would not do sth.

If there were no reform and opening-up policy,we would not taste KFC or

McDonald’s.（如果能完整无误地拼写专有词汇比如人名、书名、商标名

等，会给阅卷老师留下好印象。）

If there were no Hope project,those children in remote area would not

taste the precious knowledge.

Were there no the self-confidence,the youngster would not taste the real

happiness of the success.

(2).倒装

句式一：部分倒装：是指将谓语动词的一部分如助动或情态动词置于主语之前。

否定词或only或带有否定含义的状语被置于句首，会引起句子的部分

倒装。

Only in this ways can we put the situation on hold.

I think that...=No thinking man would refuse to accept the idea that...

句式二：完全倒装：是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。通常只用于一般现在时和过去时。

主系表倒装为表系主

On the stage stands a man.

In the sunshine stands a young tree.

系动词：be,exist come,go,stand,sit,run,walk,lie,swim,fly.

In the greenhouse stands a delicate flower.

(3).As引导的从句

As做代词时+定语从句

As做连词时+状语从句

As is shown above,...如上所示

As we all know,...众所周知

As you are old（状语从句）,...当你老了

(4).省略句

并列引起省略，省略相同的成分

状语从句的省略：

例1：When removed out of the shelter,the flower can not weather the storm.

例2：We need more drastic/dramatic measure to stop the environment moving further to the sorry state that it already has in the past three decades.

(5).other than和rather than之类的插入语

例1:I am the best teacher.

I,rather than any else,am the best teacher.

No one,other I,is the best teacher.

例2:否定+比较级=最高级

The problem of environment is the most serious in China.

The problem of environment is more serious in no country other than China.

In no country other than China,it has been said that（据说）,is the problem of environment more serious.

(6).综合运用：

The education is very important now.

The stakes involving education have been the highest now.

The stakes involving education have never been higher in any era of our nation than now.

Never/in any era of our nation/ have/ the stakes involving education been

higher/ than now.

In no country other than China,according to a survey,is the phenomenon of

cultural exchange more obvious.

In no domain other than family education,according to a survey,is the effect of role model more evident.

（四）用词如何做到多样

(1).替换very：同源修饰

indispensably important

Significantly important

Gracefully beautiful

(2).and the like：意为等等，替换陌生词。

(3)adj转折修饰使文章更加有思辨色彩，见写作高分攻略P127。

(4).反复取非P127。

(5)重视积累P121

(6)重复和押韵

Survival and success

Introduce and enforce

Beauty and Beast

Aspire to inspire until I expire.

四、考研英语写作逐段展开

第一段：描述图画

第二段：阐释寓意

第三段：给出评论/例子

（一）第一段的逐句展开（2~3句）

第一句：图画描述句

第二句：图画影响句（引起了关注）

第三句：图画意义句（意义很深刻）

第一句的写法：

如上所示：As is shown above,用完全倒装描述中心对象的位置，用非谓语动词或定语从句描述中心对象的动作或状态，用独立主格结构描述周围事物或中心对象的某一部分。

(1).As is shown above,on the stage stands a handsome and gentle but reasonable man,holding the microphone and giving the impressive lecture,with his excellent students taking notes and involving in the interaction positively.

(2).As is shown above,in the sunshine stands a pretty American girl,who is in the traditional Chinese costume wearing the ear-rings and the like,with sweet smile on her delicate face.P47

Note:配图文字的处理

1.不处理

2.处理

(1).用独立主格+直接翻译

...,with a line going like this:...

...,with the caption reading that:...

(2).用谚语的方式另写一句P182、185

Just as an old proverb says,...

第二句的写法：

1.The great concern among the public has been aroused by this picture.

2.The picture captures the great attention and abundant imagination on weibo,a popular social media in our country.

3.The picture has stimulated a heated discussion on the wechat,a popular social network these days.

4.The topic illustrated in the picture will make good copy in the newspaper.

5.People are drawn by the truth disclosed by this picture.

6.The public is astonished by the bitter truth revealed by this picture.

第三句的写法：（意义句）深刻

1.Simple as the picture is,the symbolic meaning behind it is as deep as ocean.

2.Simple as the picture is,the author intends to convey (much more) complicated and profound meaning (than what we may sense at the first glance.)

3.The drawing truly displays a status quo（现状）that is worthy of our attention.

4.This carries a profound message that demands our devoted attention and instant action.

5.We cannot afford to turn a blind eye to the problem highlighted by this picture. （二）第二段的逐句展开

平行展开法

因果展开法

举例法

科学论据法

（三）第三段的逐句展开

1.你的评论

负面话题：解决方案

正面话题：展望

(1).Finally,a youngster who aspires to embrace the glorious future must commit the

time and energy without any hesitation.

(2).He must be a person who is positive and brave enough to make short term sacrifice for long term success.

(3).The future has arrived.

(4).It commences now.