定语从句
(完整版)定语从句归纳

定语从句(the attributive clause )一.什么叫定语从句?一个句子作定语就叫定语从句。
二.定语从句的结构及种类1. 结构:关系词 +主语+谓语+其它2. 种类:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句三.关系词的分类及关系词1.关系代词: who ,whom, whose, that ,which, as2.关系副词: when ,where ,why四.关系词的功用1.起连接作用,引导定语从句2.在定语从句中作一个成分——主语,宾语,状语,定语,表语。
五.什么是先行词?被定语从句所修饰的词是先行词。
六.关系词的用法1.who当先行词是指人得名词或代词,而且关系词在句中作主语时,选who 。
The boy who is standingover there is Tom.He who doesn ’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.2.whom当先行词是指人得名词,而且关系词在句中作主语时,选w h o m.This is our English teacher whom everybody likes.3.whose①当先行词是指人的名词,而且关系词在句中作定语时,选whose. This is my deskmate whose father works in a factory.②当先行词是指物的名词,而且关系在句中作定语时,选whose.We study in a classroom whose windows face to the south.4.that①当先行词是指物的名词,关系词在句中作主语时,选that.This is a machine that can walk.②当先行词是指物的名词,关系词在句中作宾语时,选that. 另外,that 可以省略。
I like the present (that) my father sent me.③当先行词是指人的名词,关系词也可选用that=whoThe boy that/who is playing football on the play ground is my brother.5.which当先行词是指物的名词时,关系词也可选用which ,它在句中作主语或宾语,which=that6.下列情况下,关系词只能选用that①当先行词为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything 时Is there anything that I can do for you?②当先行词为不定代词all 时Mr. Li does all that he can to do his work well.③ 当先行词被 all, some, any 修饰时These are all the things that I have done today.④当先行词被the only, the very 修饰时This is the only computer that he often turns to for help.⑤ 当先行词被序数词,形容词最高级修饰时This is the cleaning room that you can see here.⑥time 作先行词,前面有序数词或last 修饰时This is the last time that I ’ll give y oupocket m o n e y.⑦ 尽管先行词指人,但关系词在句中作表语时。
定语从句详解(很全)

定语从句定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。
被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who,whom,whose,that,which,as。
关系副词有:when,where,why,how。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。
当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。
定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
一、定语从句的翻译许多英语初学者往往弄不明白为什么引导定语从句的关系词which不能译为“哪一个”,who不能译为“谁”,when不能译为“什么时候”,where不能译为“什么地方”,等等。
首先,我们必须要明白一点,那就是引导定语从句的which,who,when,where,why等是关系词(关系代词或关系副词),而不是疑问词,所以不能按疑问词的意思来理解。
前面我们讲到,英语中的定语从句总是后置的,即要放在被修饰名词或代词之后;但在汉语中,定语通常是前置的,也就是说定语要放在被修饰名词的前面,并通常表现为“……的”这样的形式。
当我们翻译英语中定语从句的时候,一般可以按汉语习惯,将定语从句翻译在被修饰的名词或代词之前,而其中的关系词一般就是译成汉语中的“……的”。
如:He showed me the article that he had written.他把他写的文章拿给我看。
句中的that he had written为修饰名词the article的定语从句,翻译时就可译为“他写的文章”,其中的关系代词that在此译成了“的”字。
She was not in the train which arrived just now.她不在刚到的那列火车上。
英语中的定语从句用法

英语中的定语从句用法定语从句是英语中非常重要的一种句子结构,它能够为主句提供更多的信息,使句子更加丰富和准确。
在学习和运用定语从句时,我们需要掌握一些基本的用法和注意事项。
一、定语从句的引导词定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。
关系代词包括that, which, who, whom, whose等,而关系副词则包括where, when, why等。
在选择引导词时,我们需要根据引导词在定语从句中的作用来决定。
1. 当引导词在定语从句中作主语时,我们可以使用关系代词who, which或that。
例如:The girl who is standing over there is my sister.(那个站在那边的女孩是我妹妹。
)2. 当引导词在定语从句中作宾语时,我们可以使用关系代词whom, which或that。
例如:I have a friend whom I can always rely on.(我有一个朋友,我总是可以依靠他。
)3. 当引导词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,我们可以使用关系代词whom, which或关系副词where, when等。
例如:This is the hotel where we stayed last summer.(这是我们去年夏天住过的酒店。
)二、定语从句的位置定语从句可以出现在主句的前面或后面,具体位置取决于定语从句的内容和语境。
当定语从句的内容对于理解主句非常重要时,我们通常将其放在主句的后面。
例如:I bought a book that was recommended by my teacher.(我买了一本被我的老师推荐的书。
)另外,当定语从句的内容对于理解主句并不是非常重要时,我们通常将其放在主句的前面,并用逗号与主句隔开。
例如:The weather being fine, we decided to go for a picnic.(天气很好,我们决定去野餐。
定语从句作用

定语从句作用定语从句是在英语语法中经常使用的一种句子结构,用于修饰名词或代词。
它可以用来详细描述或限制这个名词或代词的含义,增加语句的信息量和表达的准确度。
定语从句的作用主要有以下几个方面:1. 限制性定语从句:通过定语从句来限制或者强调名词的范围。
例如:“The book that I bought is interesting.”(我买的那本书很有趣。
)这个定语从句“that I bought”限制了名词“book”的范围,表明只是我买的那本书有趣。
2. 描述性定语从句:通过定语从句来对名词或代词进行描述,增加信息量。
例如:“The girl who is standing over there is my friend.”(站在那边的女孩是我的朋友。
)这个定语从句“whois standing over there”描述了名词“girl”,使得句子更加具体明确。
3. 非限制性定语从句:通过定语从句对名词或代词进行进一步解释或补充说明。
例如:“My sister, who is a doctor, is comingto visit me.”(我姐姐,一个医生,要来看我。
)这个定语从句“who is a doctor”对名词“sister”进行了进一步的解释和补充说明。
4. 强调定语从句:通过定语从句来强调名词或代词。
例如:“It is Susan who broke the vase.”(打破花瓶的是苏珊。
)这个定语从句“who broke the vase”强调了名词“Susan”。
定语从句在英语中是非常常见的,它可以增加句子的表达能力和准确度。
通过使用定语从句,我们可以给名词或代词添加更多的信息,使得句子更加具体和明确。
定语从句的引导词有关系代词和关系副词,如which, who, whom, whose, that, when, where等。
我们需要根据句子的结构和含义选择适当的引导词,并确保主从句之间的逻辑关系和语法结构的一致性。
定语从句详解(经典)

Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power. where, when,why
先行词
which, who, whom, whose, that
关系词
关系代词
定语从句
关系副词
二、用法:
关系代词: 引导定语从句的关系代词
who whom whose
that
which
4. The gentleman ___ you told me
yesterday proved to be a thief.
A. who
B. about whom C. whom
5. The doctor ___ you are looking for is in
the room.
A. whom B. what
Beijing is the citwyheirne which I was born.
why
• why可用for +which 代替
1.This is the reason. 2.I was late for school wfohircht. his reason.
why
This is the reason for which I was late for school.
2. which, that 的用法
which 作定语从句的主语或宾语.
可省略
This is a truck which / that is made in
China.
作主语
I like the book (which / that) you bought yesterday作. 宾语
只能用that的情况
定语从句怎么翻译

定语从句怎么翻译定语从句是指在句子中修饰一个名词或代词的从句。
翻译定语从句时需要注意保持原句的结构和语法正确性,并将定语从句与先行词之间的关系清晰地表达出来。
以下是关于定语从句的翻译方法与技巧。
1. 基本型定语从句的基本型翻译方法是将从句直接放在先行词之后,并根据句子的语序和语法结构进行对应调整。
例句1:I like the book that you recommended.翻译:我喜欢你推荐的那本书。
2. 删除关系词在某些情况下,定语从句中的关系词可以被省略,但在翻译时需要补全,以确保句子的完整性和准确性。
例句2:He's the boy I saw yesterday.翻译:他是我昨天看到的那个男孩。
3. 变换关系词定语从句中的关系词可以根据语境和需要进行变换,使翻译更符合目标语言的表达习惯。
例句3:This is the city where I was born.翻译:这是我出生的那个城市。
4. 递变关系词的位置定语从句的关系词在翻译时可以根据需要进行位置的变换,以便更好地表达出从句与先行词之间的关系。
例句4:She is the woman whose car broke down.翻译:她是那辆车坏了的那个女士。
5. 使用介词短语有时候,为了更准确地表达从句与先行词之间的关系,可以使用介词短语来翻译定语从句。
例句5:I have a friend from Japan whose father is a famous musician.翻译:我有一个来自日本的朋友,他的父亲是一位著名的音乐家。
6. 倒装句有时候,定语从句的翻译可以采用倒装句的形式,以改变语序和强调从句的内容。
例句6:There is a book on the table which I need.翻译:桌子上有一本书,我需要它。
综上所述,翻译定语从句需要根据原句的语法结构和语义关系,灵活运用各种翻译方法和技巧,以确保翻译的准确性和流畅性。
定语从句句知识点总结
定语从句句知识点总结基本结构定语从句由关系代词和关系副词引导,其基本结构如下:关系代词:who, whom, whose, which, that关系副词:when, where, why关系代词的用法1. 关系代词作宾语The man who(m) I met yesterday is a doctor.昨天我遇到的那个人是一名医生。
这里的定语从句“whom I met yesterday”修饰先行词“the man”,在句中作宾语。
2. 关系代词作主语The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.我从图书馆借来的那本书很有趣。
定语从句“that I borrowed from the library”修饰先行词“the book”,在句中作主语。
3. 关系代词作表语The reason why he was late is that his car broke down.他迟到的原因是他的车坏了。
定语从句“why he was late”修饰先行词“the reason”,在句中作表语。
4. 关系代词作定语The girl whose mother is a teacher is my best friend.那个母亲是老师的女孩是我最好的朋友。
定语从句“whose mother is a teacher”修饰先行词“the girl”。
关系副词的用法1. 关系副词引导地点状语从句This is the hotel where we stayed last year.这就是我们去年住过的旅馆。
定语从句“where we stayed last year”修饰先行词“the hotel”。
2. 关系副词引导时间状语从句He remembered the day when he first met her.他记得他第一次见到她的那天。
定语从句
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成 分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语
时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that,
which, whose); 先行词在从句中做
状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where地
点状语,when时间状语,why原因状
语) 。
I can’t forget the days which _______ / that I spent in the army.
that 指人/物,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省 略) A plane is a machine. It can fly. A plane is a machine that can fly. He is the man. I told you about him. He is the man (that) I told you about.
The Attributive Clause
1. 什么是定语从句? 2. 定语从句的关系词有哪些? 3. 如何判断使用关系代词还是关系副词? 4. 在什么情况下定语从句中关系代词只能 用that不用which?什么情况下不用that? 5. 什么是限定性定语从句?什么是非限定 性定语从句? 6. as引导的定语从句如何使用?
5. 先行词被the only, the very, the last等修饰时。 如: Mary is the only friend (that) I have in Australia. 玛丽是我在澳大利亚唯一的朋友。 She is the very thief (that) the policeman is looking for. 她就是警察正在寻找的那个小偷。 The last place they visited was the Summer Palace. 他们最后参观的地方是颐和园。
英语定语从句的结构和用法
英语定语从句的结构和用法定语从句的结构:定语从句通常包括三个部分:引导词、主句和从句。
1. 引导词:定语从句的引导词通常由关系代词和关系副词构成。
关系代词包括that, who, whom, whose, which等;关系副词包括where, when, why等。
2.主句:主句是指引导词所修饰的名词所在的句子。
3.从句:从句是由引导词引导的从句,用来修饰主句中的名词。
定语从句的用法:1. 修饰人:从句中用who或that引导。
- The man who is standing over there is my brother.- The woman that I met yesterday is a famous actress.2. 修饰物:从句中用which或that引导。
- The book that is on the table is mine.- The car which/that I bought last week is very expensive.3. 修饰地点:从句中用where引导。
4. 修饰时间:从句中用when引导。
- I still remember the day when we went to the beach together.5. 修饰原因:从句中用why引导。
6. 修饰所有格:从句中用whose引导。
- The boy whose father is a doctor is my classmate.需要注意的是,定语从句通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或名词短语之后,并且从句中的主语一般不可以省略,而宾语可以省略,具体要根据具体情况来确定。
同时,引导词在从句中所起的作用与其在主句中的作用相同,例如,关系代词在从句中可以充当主语、宾语、定语等。
定语从句的引导词及用法总结
定语从句的引导词及用法总结定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分,用于给名词或代词修饰,进一步说明其特征或限定其范围。
在定语从句中,引导词起到引导和连接的作用,不同的引导词通常表示不同的意义和关系。
本文将针对常见的引导词进行总结,并分别介绍其用法。
1. 关系代词与关系副词关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或宾语补足语,关系副词则在定语从句中作状语。
(1)关系代词“that”用法:- 作主语:常用于非限制性定语从句中,不用逗号与主句隔开。
例句:The book that you recommended is very interesting.- 作宾语:常用于限制性定语从句中,不能省略。
例句:He bought the car that he saw yesterday.- 作宾语补足语:修饰宾语的补充说明,紧跟在宾语之后。
例句:I don't like the food that you cooked too salty.(2)关系代词“who/whom”用法:- 作主语:用于修饰人,在非限制性定语从句中不用逗号与主句隔开。
例句:The girl who is singing is my sister.- 作宾语:用于修饰人,在非限制性定语从句中用whom;在限制性定语从句中,宾语是人且在从句中不作宾语补足语时使用who,否则用whom。
例句:The person whom I met yesterday is a famous writer.- 作宾语补足语:紧跟在宾语之后的关系代词“whom”。
例句:I like the teacher whom I learned a lot from.(3)关系代词“which”用法:- 作主语:用于修饰物,在非限制性定语从句中不用逗号与主句隔开。
例句:The car which is parked in front of the house is mine.- 作宾语:用于修饰物,在非限制性定语从句中使用which;在限制性定语从句中,宾语是物且在从句中不作宾语补足语时使用which,否则用that。
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高三英语语法定语从句制作人: 赵文慧审核人: 日期: 总节数:一.概述在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词,用作定语的从句叫做定语从句(attributive clause)。
被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词(antecedent)。
定语从句必须放在先行词之后。
引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词who、whom、whose、which、that,as 和关系副词when、where、why。
二.关系代词功能英语中的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that和as。
它们的用法如下:1、who,whom的用法who和whom指人,who在定语从句中作主语;whom在定语从句中作宾语,在限制性定语从句中可省略。
在口语中可用who代替whom。
In the beginning, people who bought the tomato often got angry. (作主语) The person (whom) you should write to is Mr. Ball. (whom作宾语能省略) His mother, whom he loved dearly, died in 1818. (whom引导非限制性定语从句,作宾语但不能省略)2、whose的用法whose 指人或物,在定语从句中作定语,指物时常可用of which取代;指人时可用of whom替代。
I have a friend whose father is a may or. =I have a friend , the father of whom is a mayor.We lived in a house whose window faces south.= We lived in a house, the window of which faces south.3.which 的用法which指物,在定语从句中作主语和宾语,作宾语时,在限制性定语从句中可省略。
Which 可引导非限制性定语从句,可以指代主句的内容,翻译为”这件事”。
Today, fruit trees which once grew only in China can now be found in many parts of the world.(作主语,不能省略)They needed a plant which didn't need as much water as rice.(作主语,不能省略)It is used to record the tickets (which) passengers buy.(作宾语,可以省略) He came late, which we all know. (作宾语,在非限制性定语从句中不省略)4、that 的用法that 多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,指物时其用法和which 大致相同,但也有区别。
All the people that come from the country work much harder.(that指人,在从句中作主语,不能省略)This is all (that) I can tell you. (that指物,在从句中作宾语,常省略)①引导非限制性定语从句。
Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world. This is the best play that was written by Jack. (that指物,在从句中做主语,不能省略)She is the only person(that) I can trust. (that指人,在从句中作宾语,可以省略)2)that代替关系副词that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.5、关系代词that和which的区别(1)相同点这两个关系代词引导定语从句时,都可以指物;在从句中都可作主语或宾语;作宾语时都可省略。
The train that ( which ) has just left is for Shanghai.(作主语)The film that(which) we saw last night is wonderful.(作宾语,可省略)(2)用that,不用which的情况①当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时。
all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little,few, much等不定代词时。
To get the job started, all that I need is your permission.Is there anything that I can do for you?He answered few questions that the teacher asked.②当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
This was one of the most interesting books that were sold in this book store.The first thing that should be done is to get some food.③当先行词有the very,the only,the same,the right,the last等修饰时。
That’s the only thing that we can do now.Those are the very words that he used.④当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。
They were talking about the persons and things that they saw in the factory.They talked for about half an hour of things and persons that they rememberedin the school.⑤当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
China is not the country that it was.⑥当要避免与疑问词which重复时。
Which is the car that was made in Beijing?(3)用which,不用that的情况This is the same book as I lost.(并不是原来的那一本)4)as 引导非限制性定语从句个案设计:Carol said the work would be done by October, which personally I doubt。
Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, which ,of course, made the others unhappy.②直接放在介词后作宾语时。
Language is the most important tool without which people can't communicate with each other.巧记that和which的区别:that,which可互换,下列请况勿照办;that情况比较多,不妨对你说一说;先行词为不定代词,全用that准没错;先行词前被限制,千万不要用which;要用which别着急,介词提前逗隔离。
6、关系代词who与that的区别(1)当先行词是he、people、those等时,引导词常用who。
He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉。
Those who are for me, put up your hands.I'll never forget the people who have helped me.(2)当引导词作定语从句的表语时常用that。
She isn't the little girl that she used to be.He is the man that I asked for help yesterday.7、as的用法(1)as引导限制性定语从句通常构成such...as或the same...as固定搭配,as 在从句中可作主语、表语或宾语。
I should like to use the same tool as you used yesterday.(作宾语)Many of the sports were the same as they are now.(作表语)Don’t read such books as are not worth reading. Read such books as you can understand.(作主语和宾语)(2)such…that…与such…as“such…that…”表示“如此……以致……”的意思,用来引导一个结果状语从句;而“such…as…”表“像……这样的……”的意思,用来引导定语从句,as在从句中充当主、宾或表语等。
He is such an honest man that we respect him.He is such an honest man as we respect.(3)the same…that…与the same as“the same…that…”表同一人或物,而“the same…as…”表同种类的东西。
试比较下列两个句子:This is the same book that I lost.(指同一本书)In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., by which time many people have gone home.注意:关系代词that在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,介词不能放在它的前面,只as作关系代词,还可用来引导非限制性定语从句,可以用来代替一个句子或单词,as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。