2015职称英语(汉英)Tracking Down HIV 追踪艾滋病毒
2015职称英语卫生A真题及答案(完整文字版)
2015年职称英语考试《卫生A》真题及答案(完整文字版)第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.【题干】Different hypotheses have been put forward to explain why UFOs exist .【选项】A.sentencementsC.conclusionsD.theories【答案】D2. 【题干】She is a lovely gracious woman.【选项】A.courteousB.curiousC.quiet【答案】A3. 【题干】She hugged me l ike an old friend and invited me t o dinner the next day.【选项】A.embracedB.heldC.kissedD.patted【答案】A4. 【题干】It was unfortunate that she had erased the message.【选项】A.heard ofB.looked ofC.spoken outD.rubbed out【答案】D5. 【题干】He never grumbled about working overtime.B.wroteC.spokeplained【答案】D6. 【题干】To start with ,we need to decide who will preside over the meeting.【选项】A.chairB.attendC.celebrateD.prepare【答案】A7. 【题干】I must apologize for my outrageous behavior.【选项】A.courageousB.greedyC.angry8. 【题干】I think she made a blunder by announcing it ahead of time. 【选项】A.decisionB.mistakeC.promiseD.plan【答案】B9. 【题干】He came back home ,weary and fatigued.【选项】A.scaredB.worriedC.exhaustedD. frightened【答案】C10. 【题干】I have to apologize for my abrupt departure yesterday.【选项】teB.unfriendlyC.suddenlyD.unfold【答案】C11. 【题干】He was obsessed with American horror movies. 【选项】A.kept thinking aboutB.took advantage ofC.paid no attention toD.cared nothing about【答案】A12. 【题干】You accusation is wholly without foundation. 【选项】A.almostB.probablypletelyD.evidently【答案】C13. 【题干】My room is really very cosy.【选项】A.coolfortableC.coldD.clean【答案】B14. 【题干】Some astronomers contend that the universe may b e younger than previously believed.【选项】A.predictB.argueC.thinkD.suggest【答案】B15. 【题干】The woman living next door is extremely slender.【选项】A.tallC.slimD.pale【答案】C第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题l分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2015年职称英语阅读理解、完型填空(含答案)
职称英语考试历年来阅读理解题都占的比重较大，阅读理解题只要把文章看准了，翻译准确了都能拿到高分，在这里小编精挑了几篇阅读理解文章。
题目命中率极高哦，希望对大家考试有所帮助。
第一篇：Citizen ScientistsUnderstanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle1 events — flowering, the appearance of leaves, the first frog calls of the spring — all around the world. But ecologists can't be everywhere so they're turning to non-scientists, sometimes called citizen scientists, for help.Climate scientists are not present everywhere. Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them, they're asking for your help in observing signs of climate change across the world. The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific research interest — birds, trees, flowers budding, etc. — and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own. Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat2, citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live. All that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it3 in.A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phenology4Network. “Phenology”is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every year. The program, called Project Bud Burst, collects life cycle data on a variety of common plants from across the United States. People participating in the project —which is open to everyone —record their observations on the Project Bud Burst website.“People don't have to be plant experts — they just have to look around and see what's in their neighborhood,” says Jennifer Schwartz, an education consultant with the project. “As we collect this data, we'll be able to make an estimate of how plants and communities5 of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.”词汇：frog / fr?g/ n.蛙ecologist / ,i:’k?l?d??st/ n.生态学家bud / b?d / v.发芽，萌芽;n.芽，花蕾database / ’de?t?be?s / n.数据库professional / pr?(?)’fe??n?l/ adj.专业的，职业的;n.职业选手，专业人员phenology / f?’n?l?d?? / n.物候学neighbor(u)rhood n.近邻;邻近地区注释：1.life cycle：生命周期，即生物发展过程的系列变化。
2015职称英语综合类阅读判断试题2015职称英语综合类阅读判断试题
2015职称英语综合类阅读判断试题【天宇考王】为广大考生归纳总结职称外语最新考试资讯，让考生最先了解职称外语考试报名等有关事项的通知，天宇考王是一款上机练习题库软件，有单机版、网页版、手机版、三位一体多平台学习模式。
第一篇Studies Show US Spending Doesn’t Get Best HealthThe United States many spend twice as much on health care as other rich countries1, but it is not getting results to match2 according to studies released on Tuesday.But in the study of five wealthy countries, published in the journal Health Affairs, researchers found no single nation had clearly the worst or best health care system.Gerard Anderson at Johns Hopkins University’s school of public health and colleagues came up with3 a list of 21 health fields they could evenly compare across the five countries —Australia, Canada, Britain, New Zealand and the United States."None of the five countries is consistently the best or the worst on all 21 indicators." Anderson said during a telephone briefing for reporters."If you are looking for the place to get the best care, there isn’t a single place. Every country has at least one indicator where it scores the best of the five countries and each country has at least one indicator where it scores the worst of the five countries. "But, he said, the United States is not getting value for money. "The United States should be particularly concerned about these results, given that we spend twice as much on health care as any other country. So spending more doesn’t necessarily result in4 "better outcomes."Anderson’s group of international he alth experts sponsored by the Commonwealth Fund spent five years working on the study, getting the latest possible data from the five countries on areas such as breast cancer and leukemia survival, suicide rates, death rates from asthma, vaccination rates and cancer screening.词汇：Indicator /ˈɪndɪkeɪtə(r)/n．指标；指示者Leukemia l(j)u:'ki:mɪə n．白血病Briefing [ˈbri:fɪŋ]n．基本情况介绍会Asthma [ˈæsmə]n．哮喘’Commonwealth [ˈkɒmənwe lθ] n．联邦Vaccination [ˌvæksɪ'neɪʃn] n．种痘从调查可以看出化学教案天津的家长们还是比较理的化学教案更认同培养孩子量力而行化学教案对海外游学breast／brest／n．乳房；乳腺注释：注释：1.spend twice as much on health care as other rich countries:在卫生保健方面的花费是其他富裕国家的两倍2.to match：(在数量或质量上）相当3.came up with:想出,提出4.result in:导致练习：1.The US spends twice as much on health care as other rich countries.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned2.The US is the place where people get the best health care.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned3.Each year, the US spends more money on health care than the previous one.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned4.The more a country spends on health care, the better care its people enjoy.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned5.The study involved 5 countries and lasted 5 years.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned6.The other four countries provide better health care than the US.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned7.The US is determined to do something about its health care system.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案与解析1.A文章第一、六两段分别提到,美国在卫生保健方面的开支是其他富裕国家的两倍。
2015全国职称英语等级考试必看卫生类阅读理解译文
2015全国职称英语等级考试必看_卫生类__阅读理解__译文第四部分阅读理解第一部分 (ABC级)第一篇第一篇：纳米保健技术走向贫困国家纳米技术的应用对象都是分子级和原子级的物质。
如今，长度为一纳米，即十亿分之一米的粒子已被开发出多种用途，如制造美容产品和抗污型服装等。
但其中一个领域科学家认为潜力尤为巨大，那就是医药领域。
•在上周于华盛顿Woodrow Wilson国际中心召开的一个项目会议上，科学家们探讨了如何将纳米技术应用于贫困国家人口保健的事宜。
来自多伦多大学的Peter Singer声称一项名为量子点的纳米技术可被应用于疟疾的诊断。
相对于传统的仅用显微镜观察血液样本的方法，此技术要先进得多。
由于贫困国家往往没有条件应用此项新技术，许多健康人被误诊为疟疾患者，而药物的滥用又导致了抗药性的产生。
所谓量子点是指一些被激活后会发光的粒子，如今科学家正在研究为它们编程的方法，以便当靶分子存在的时候就能够通过发光来诊断疾病。
纳米技术的优越性不光体现在疾病的诊断，还包括疾病的治疗。
国立卫生研究所的Piotr Grodzinski与大家共同探讨了如何运用纳米技术来增强药效。
以一些已经使用了纳米技术的抗癌药物为例，他指出，如果药物可以针对癌症病灶而不是整个人体，治疗所需药量就会大大减少，副作用也会降低。
Andrew Maynard是Woodrow Wilson中心新兴的纳米技术工程部骨干科学家，他注意到巴西、印度、中国及南非正在开发可被贫困国家所应用的纳米技术。
与此同时他指出，与较大分子不同，纳米材料的颗粒在人体内和体外环境中的作用可能有所不同，因此纳米技术的应用存在一定风险，若要深入研究这些风险则需要更大的资金投入。
第二篇：医学期刊医学杂志医学杂志是向医生和其他医务人员提供医学信息的出版物。
在过去，这些杂志只有印刷版。
随着电子出版的发展，许多医学杂志现在都有网站了，有些杂志只有网络版。
少数的医学杂志，如《美国医学会杂志》，被看做是普通医学杂志，因为它们涵盖了医学的许多领域。
2015年职称英语考试卫生类完型填空模拟题及答案汇总
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
World Heart DaySunday was World Heart Day.The World Heart Federation and its member groups in more than one hundred countries organized the celebrations.The World Health Organization and other United Nations agencies provided support for the(51).World Heart Day was first observed six years(52).Organizers proposed the event as a way to help reduce the spread of heart disease.The World Heart Federation says heart(53)kills seventeen million people each year.The group urges people to be active and have a good,healthy diet.It also warns(54)activities known to increase a person's risk of heart attack or stroke.Some of the warnings are directed at children.The World Heart Federation says about twenty-two million boys and girls under the age of five are obese-severely overweight.Children are normally energetic and active.(55),two thirds of all children are not active enough.Such children greatly(56)their risk of becoming obese.They also increase their(57)of developing heart disease or other disorders.One message of World Heart Day is to eatright.Children(58)eat a healthy and balanced diet.Also,limit sugary drinks,sweets and eating between meals.The World Heart Federation urges parents to keep their children(59).It says physical exercise helps to decrease the risk of obesity and(60)a child healthy.Obese children often become obese adults.(61)you believe your child is too heavy,talk with a health care provider.The World Heart Federation is also concerned about the effects of tobacco on young people.It says the younger someone begins to smoke,the(62)the chance of a health problem tied to smoking.Half of the young people who continue to smoke are (63)to die later in life from a smoking-related disease.The group says almost half of all children live with a smoker.It says children who live with a(64)can breathe an amount of tobacco equal to more than two thousand cigarettes.And that is by the time they are five years old.The World Heart Federation also says parents should warn children not to be(65)by tobacco companies.And it says parents who smoke should try to stop.51.A.group B.event anization D.agency52.A.earlier B.before C.ago D.past53.A.accident B.health C.disease D.beating54.A.against B.toward C.upon D.onto55.A.Therefore B.However C.Hence D.But56.A.manage B.lower C.meet D.increase57.A.mood B.desire C.age D.risk58.A.may B.might C.should D.will59.A.young B.happy C.early D.active60.A.maintains B.protects C.keeps D.helps61.A.If B.Although C.After D.Because62.A.greater B.harder C.slimmer D.lesser63.A.supposed B.possible C.likely D.lucky64.A.patien tB.relative C.parent D.smoker65.A.influenced B.bought C.employed D.troubled完形填空：51.B52.C53.C54.A55.B56.D57.D58.C59.D60.C61.A62.A63.C64.D65.A阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
职称英语卫生类补全短文原文模拟第3篇2
职称英语卫生类补全短文原文模拟第3篇2注释：1．More efforts urged to empower women at AIDS conference：这一标题比较完整的意思是：在国际艾滋病大会上代表们强烈要求，要花更大力量去武装妇女。
题目中的urged前面省去were，这是标题的习惯表达方法。
AIDS(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)：获得性免疫缺损综合征，艾滋病。
2．Bill and Melinda Gates：比尔·盖茨夫妇。
Melinda Gates 是Bill Gates的妻子。
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation：比尔·盖茨夫妇基金会。
3．called for：要求4.-cide是构词后缀，意为"killing"，表示"杀"、"杀者"、"杀灭剂"，例如：suicide(自杀)，germicide(杀菌剂)，bactericide(杀菌剂)，insecticide(杀虫剂)。
5．put power in the hands of women：把武器交到妇女手里6．HIV(human immunodeficiency virus)：人体免疫缺损病毒，艾滋病病毒7．NAACP(National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)：全国有色人种协进会(美国一个由白人和黑人组成的旨在促进黑人民权的全国性组织，总部设在纽约)练习：A The chairman said African-Americans must, in his words, "face the fact that AIDS has become a black disease."B Mr. Clinton said people also need a guarantee they would get medicine to suppress the virus.C Delegates at the conference have worked out an action plan to fight the wide spread of this terrible disease all over the world.D They hoped that such products could protect against infection with the virus that causes AIDS.E The world's richest man said "stopping AIDS"is the top priority of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.F But that was true of only two percent of those who had the quick test.答案与题解：1．D 整个第二段都是有关比尔·盖茨夫妇的。
2015职称英语理工A补全短文文章及译文
2015职称英语补全短文文章及译文补全短文：第十一篇Virtual DriverDriving involves sharp eyes and keen ears，analyzing with a brain，and coordination between hands, feet and brain. A man has sharp eyes and keen ears, analyzes through his brain, and maintains coordination between his hands and brains. He can control a fast-moving car with different parts of his body. (1) D But how does an intelligent car control itself? Apparently there isn't anyone in the driver's cab, but there is in fact a virtual driver1. This virtual driver has eyes, brains, hands and feet too. The minicameras on each side of the car are its eyes and are responsible for observing the road conditions ahead of it as well as the traffic to its left and right. If you open the boot, you can see the most important part of the automatic driving system： a built-in computer. (2) C This is the brain of the car.The brain of the car is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at2， analyzing their position on the road，choosing the right path，and giving orders to the wheel and the control system.In comparison with the human brain, the virtual driver's best advantage is that it reacts quickly. (3) E It completes the processing of the images sent by the cameras within 100 milliseconds However, it takes the world's best racecar driver at least one second to react, and this doesn't include the time he needs to take action.With its rapid reaction and accurate control，the virtual driver can reduce the accident rate on expressways considerably. In this case, is it possible for us to let it have the wheel3 at ahy time and in any place? (4) Experts say that we cannot do that just yet.With its limited ability to recognize things, the car can now only travel on expressways.The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and recognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes. (5) However, it cannot recognize moving people and bicycles on ordinary roads that have no clear markings on them.This being the case4, people still have high hopes about driverless cars，and think highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like.译文：虚拟驾驶员驾驶需要敏锐的视觉与听觉，大脑分析，手、脚和大脑的协调配合。
职称英语综合类A级真题2015年
职称英语综合类A级真题2015年(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}第1部分：词汇选项{{/B}}(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.I will not {{U}}tolerate{{/U}} that sort of behaviour in my class.∙ A. control∙ B. observe∙ C. regulate∙ D. accept（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：[解析] 本句意思：我绝不容许我班里出现那种行为。
tolerate意为“忍受，默许”，与accept(接受，容许)意思相近。
control控制；observe观察，遵守；regulate调节，规定。
2.She showed a natural {{U}}aptitude{{/U}} tor the work.∙ A. sense∙ B. talent∙ C. flavour∙ D. taste（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：[解析] 本句意思：她表现出了做这种工作的天赋。
aptitude意为“天资，才能”，与talent(天赋，天分)意思相近。
sense感觉，感官；flavour风味，滋味；taste味道，品味。
3.Most people find {{U}}rejection{{/U}} hard to accept.∙ A. excuse∙ B. client∙ C. refusal∙ D. destiny（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：[解析] 本句意思：大多数人发现拒绝很难接受。
rejection意为“拒绝”，与refusal(拒绝，推却)意思相近。
excuse借口，理由；client客户，顾客；destiny命数，定数。
4.The organization was {{U}}bold{{/U}} enough to face the press.∙ A. pleased∙ B. powerful∙ C. brave∙ D. sensible（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：[解析] 本句意思：该团体有足够的勇气面对新闻报道。
2015年职称英语考试卫生类(B)级试题及答案解析
2015年职称英语考试卫生类（B）级试题及答案解析(1/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第1题Jack was dismissed.A.firedB.finedC.exhaustedD.criticized下一题(2/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第2题His claims seem credible to many people.A.workableB.convincingC.practicalD.eligible上一题下一题(3/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第3题I´m afraid that your daughter has failed to get through her mid-term exams.A.pass offB.pass awayC.passD.pass out上一题下一题(4/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第4题She is a highly successful teacher.A.fairlyB.ratherC.veryD.moderately上一题下一题(5/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第5题Relief workers were shocked by what they saw.A.movedB.touchedC.surprised上一题下一题(6/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
2015年职称英语之阅读理解24篇重点文章(精心整理)
2015职称英语教材讲解阅读理解——目录2015年职称英语考试（综合类）阅读理解 (2)1、第二篇Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference (2)2、第九篇Single-parent Kids Do Best（卫生第35篇） (3)3、第十八篇Goal of American Education (6)4、第二十九篇I’ll Be Bach（理工第29篇） (9)5、第三十六篇Life as a Movie Extra (11)6、第三十七篇Pop Music in Africa (14)7、第四十七篇Narrow Escape (16)2015年职称英语考试（理工类）阅读理解 (20)1、第七篇Sugar Power for Cell Phones (20)2、第十五篇Winged Robot Learns to Fly (22)3、第十八篇Thirst for Oil (25)4、第三十篇Digital Realm (27)5、第三十二篇Mind-reading Machine (30)6、第四十二篇Renewable Energy Sources (33)7、第四十八篇Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright (36)8、第五十篇Cell Phones Increase Traffic,Pedestrian Fatalities (39)2015年职称英语考试（卫生类）阅读理解 (43)1、第三篇Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor (43)2、第二十五篇Eat to Live (46)3、第十八篇Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics (49)4、第二十四篇Sleep Lets Brain File Memories（理工第28篇） (51)5、第三十六篇Dangerous Sunshine to Children (54)6、第三十七篇Hypertension Drugs Found to Cut Risk of Stroke (56)7、第三十九篇Sauna (59)2015年职称英语考试（综合类）阅读理解1、第二篇Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big DifferencePutting a bunch of college students in charge of a$300,000Dance Marathon,fundraiser surely sounds a bit risky1.When you consider the fact that the money is supposed to be given to children in need of medical care,you might call the idea crazy.Most student leaders don't want to spend a large amount of time on something they care little about,said 22-year-old University of Florida student Darren Heitner.He was the Dance Marathon's operations officer for two years.Yvonne Fangmeyer,director of the student organization office at the University of Wisconsin,conducted a survey in February of students involved in campus organizations2.She said the desire for friendship was the most frequently cited reason for joining.At large universities like Fangmeyer's,which has more than40,000students,the students first of all want to find a way to"belong in their own corner of campus".Katie Rowley,a Wisconsin senior,confirms the survey's findings."I wanted to make the campus feel smaller by joining an organization where I could not only get involved on campus butalso find a group of friends."All of this talk of friendship,however,does not mean that students aren't thinking about their resumes."I think that a lot of people do join to'fatten up their resume'",said Heitner."At the beginning of my college career,I joined a few of these organizations,hoping to get a start in my leadership roles."But without passion student leaders can have a difficult time trying to weather the storms that come.For example,in April,several student organizations at Wisconsin teamed up3for an event designed to educate students about homelessness and poverty.Student leaders had to face the problem of solving disagreements, moving the event because of rainy weather,and dealing with the university's complicated bureaucracy."Outside-of the classroom learning really makes a big difference",Fangmeyer said.练习：1.An extracurricular activity like raising a fund of$300,000is risky because most student leaders_________.A)are lazy B)are stupid C)are not rich enough D)will not take an interest in it2.Atherican students join campus organizations mostly for_________.A)making a difference B)gaining experienceC)building friendship D)improving their resumes3.Who is Katie Rowley?_________.A)She's a senior professor B)She's a senior studentC)She's a senior official D)She's a senior citizen4.What do student leaders need to carry an activity through to a successful end?_________.A)Passion.B)Money.C)Power.D)Fame.5.The phrasal verb fatten up in paragraph6could be best replaced by_________.A)invent B)rewrite C)polish D)complete答案与题解：1.D本题问的是：像募集30万美元的课外活动有点冒险是因为多数学生领导者？答案可以从第二段的第一句话中找到。
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Tracking Down HIV 追踪艾滋病毒
In the summer of 1980, a patient had a strange purplish spot removed from below his ear. It was Kaposi’s
sarcoma, a rare form of skin cancer. This patient also had lymph node swelling and exhaustion. In November 1980,
a Los Angeles immunologist examined a young man who had diseases linked to immune system malfunctions. The
doctor had a T-cell count taken of the patient’s blood. T-cells are a type of white blood cell that plays a key role1 in
immune responses. The patient had no helper T-cells.
By the end of 1980, 55 Americans were diagnosed with infections related to immune system breakdown;
four had died. A year later the death toll was 74. Intravenous drug users had T-cell abnormalities. People who had
received blood transfusions showed symptoms of immune system breakdown. By July 1982, 471 cases of the
disease, now called Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), had been reported; 184 people had died.
In April 1984, American virologist Dr. Robert Gallo isolated the pathogen, or disease producer, responsible
for2 AIDS. He called it HTLV-III. In Paris, Dr. Luc Montagnier identified a virus he called LAV. An
international panel of scientists determined that both men had found the same virus. It became known as Human
Immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Blood banks began screening for HTV in 1985, but by then about 29,000 people
had been infected through blood transfusions. Some 12,000 hemophiliacs had contracted HIV through
blood-clotting products. By 1995, 477,900 Americans had AIDS; 295,500 had died.
In 1996, researchers announced drugs that reduced HIV in infected people. Today scientists are testing
vaccines and believe that if HIV can be suppressed, then perhaps it can be eradicated3, but it is still a race against
time.
1980年的夏天，一名患者将一颗略带紫色的斑点从其耳下处移除。这种斑点是一种极其罕见的
皮肤癌，被称为“卡波西”肉瘤。该患者同时还患有淋巴结肿大及衰竭。1980年11月．洛杉矶的一名免
疫学家对一名年轻男子进行了检查，并发现其病症与其免疫系统失常有关。该医生对该患者的血液进行了
T细胞(胸腺衍生细胞)计数检测。T细胞是白细胞的一种，在人体免疫机能中发挥关键作用。该患者血液中
并未发现有益T细胞。至1980年年底，共有55名美国人被确诊感染这种与免疫系统崩溃相关联的病症，
其中4名患者死亡。一年之后，．死亡人数变为74人。接受了静脉药物注射的患者，出现了T细胞异常的
现象。接受输血的患者出现7免疫系统故障的症状。据报道。至1982年7月．这种被称为“获得性免疫力
缺陷综合征”的患者，已经增加至47l例，其中184人已经死亡。 在1984年的4月，病毒学家罗伯特·加
洛博士成功分离出了艾滋病的致病病原体。他将其称为“人体T细胞白血病病毒”。在巴黎，吕克·蒙塔尼
耶博士发现了一种其称为“淋巴结相关疾病”的病毒。经过一国际科学家组织鉴定，二人发现的为同一种
病毒。该病毒开始被人们知晓为 “人体免疫缺损病毒”(即艾滋病)血库，于1985年开始对其存血进行艾
滋病审查，但是到那时，已有大约29 000名患者通过血液传播而感染上了艾滋病。其中约有12 000名血友
病患者，其血液凝块一定程度上缩小了艾滋病血液的筛除范围。截至1995年，患艾滋病的美国人人数已高
达477 900人，其中295 500人死亡。 在1996年，研究人员宣称已研制出数种能够降低艾滋病对患者
伤害的药品。今天，科学家通过一系列测试，发现艾滋病是可以抑制的，而且进而认为根治艾滋病也是有
可能的，但这一目标仍需时日。