Chapter-UK's-History文档
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? Henry II reformed the courts and the laws司法改革: introduced the jury system (陪审团制度) institutionalized common law
Henry II, (1133-1189,
17
1154-1189at throne)，
? 斯图亚特王朝 House of Stuart (1603-1649 ， 1660-1714)
? 汉诺威王朝 House of Hannover (1714-1901)
? 萨 克 森 - 科 堡 - 哥 达 王 朝 House of SachsenCoburg-Gotha (1901-1910)
? 温莎王朝The House of Windsor (1910-) 。
won the Battle of Hastings(黑斯廷
斯之战), and was crowned King.
William the Conqueror
William Ⅰof England
（1027-1087 ，
1066-1087 at throne ） Norman Cavalier
12
1.1.6 The Norman Conquest
(Irish Gaelic盖尔语, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh)
6
7
1.1.3 Roman Britain (43 AD —5th Century)
First invasion—In August 55 BC, Julius Caesar invaded Britain
Second—Caesar's second raid in 54 BC
the Parliament in front of the King Ⅲ
20
Simon de Montfort
1.2.4 Hundred Years' War (1337—1453)
a series of wars fought between England and France over trade, territory, security and the throne
The English were brilliantly successful till 1422. Encouraged by Joan of Arc, the national heroine, the French drove the English out of France.
By 1453, Calais （加 来 ） was the only parቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ of France that was still in the hands of the English.
the Normandy Invasion 诺曼底登陆(June
6,1944)
I The Founding of the Nation
1.1 Roman Britain and the Anglo-Saxons 1.2 Feudal Society
15
British Monarchy 英国王室 (1066-)
3 、约翰（1167-1216）（英格兰国王1199-1216） （ 无地王 ，在贵族胁迫下签署《大宪章》，布汶战役被法国击败，失去大 部分大陆领地）
4 、亨利三世 （1207-1272）（英格兰国王1216-1272） 5 、爱德华一世（1239-1307）（英格兰国王1272-1307） 6 、爱德华二世（1284-1329）（英格兰国王1307-1327）
1.2.2 the Magna Carta《大宪章 》1215
John of England signs
Magna Carta in 1215.
? John ascended the throne in 1199. He demanded feudal taxes and army service.
?part of the British Constitution
today
1.2.3 Birth of Parliament
? Provisions of Oxford(1258) ? Provision of Westminster (1259)
limiting the King 's power by calling regular meetings of the Privy Council 枢密院 ? Parler—to talk ? Official formation of the two houses of parliament: – House of Lords – House of Commons
1.2.1 The House of Anjou(1154-1485)
aslo known as the House of Plantagenet 金雀花王朝,英格兰中世纪最强大的一个封建王朝 (因为纹章用金雀花的小枝做装饰，所以通常人们叫它金雀花王朝）
? In 1154 Henry II ascended the throne
Third and final—In 43 AD, Emperor Claudius, final and successful Roman invasion of Britain
? Capable administrators & good builders (towns and cities & roads) Building of London River Thames “London Bridge” Building of roads
1.1 Roman Britain and the Anglo-Saxons 1.2 Feudal Society
4
I. The Founding of the Nation
1.1 Roman Britain and the Anglo-Saxons
1.1.1 Prehistoric Period (history undocumented) Stonehenge巨石阵 It is the most famous prehistoric monument in Britain and is
9
1.1.5 Danish Invasion (8th Century — 1066)
? the Vikings 威金人
(8-11世纪的北欧海盗) from the Scandinavian
countries: Norway, Denmark Sweden
? Alfred the Great (849899)
I The Founding of the Nation II Transition to the Modern Age III The Rise and Fall of the British Empire IV Britain Since World war II
3
I The Founding of the Nation
英国王室世系——金雀花王朝（1154-1399）
1、 亨利二世（1133-1189）（英格兰国王1154-1189 ） （安茹伯爵戈特弗雷德和亨利一世的女儿玛蒂尔达之子。同阿基坦女公爵埃 丽诺结婚，取得法国南部大片领地。在位期间确立对爱尔兰统治权）
2 、理查一世（1157年9月8日-1199年4月6日）（英格兰国王1189-1199） （参加十字军东征，获得狮心王的称号。镇压阿基坦叛乱时身亡。身为国王 十年，在英格兰的时间只有六个月）
? 诺曼王朝House of Norman (1066-1154)
? 安茹王朝House of Anjou1154-1485 金雀花王朝 Plantagent (1154-1399) 兰开斯特王朝 Lancaster (1399-1464) 约克王朝York (1361-1485)
? 都铎王朝House of Tudor (1485-1603)
situated on Salisbury Plain in the county of Wiltshire. People began building Stonehenge about 5,000 years ago, dragging each stone into place.
5
1.1.2 Celtic凯尔特 Britain (8th—5th Century BC) ?The name of Britain—Britons ?Tribal society ?Celtic Language
（ 征服苏格兰失败，承认其独立。被王后伊莎贝拉和小舅子法王查理四世谋 害） 7 、爱德华三世（1312-1377）（英格兰国王1327-1377） （发动英法百年战争，在克莱西和普瓦提埃大破法国骑士团，获得法国西南 的大片土地） 8 、理查二世（1367-1400）（英格兰国王1377-1399） （黑太子爱德华之子。远征爱尔兰时被堂弟兰开斯特公爵亨利拘捕，并废黜， 由亨利即位）
阿尔弗雷德大帝 - the United Seven AngloSaxon Kingdoms
- an agreement in 878 - recaptured London in 886
Alfred the Great
10
also known as “Father of the British Navy”.
? He was forced to sign the
Magna Carta 《大宪章 》on June
15,1215.
?townspeople—freedom of trade and
self-government
?merchants and craftsmen—for the
first time as a new political force
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northen Ireland
Chapter 2 History
Gao Rong
032017
1
A brief survey of the British history
1000
1400
1600
1900
2000
2
CONTENT
? In 1066, Edward chose Harold of Wessex to be King in his place.
? Duke William, often referred to as
William
the
Conqueror,
challenged Harold's succession,
? Germanic people 日耳曼人 ( Angles from South of Denmark Saxons from Germany
and the Jutes from Jutland,) ? England ( the Land of the Angles) ? English (language of the Angles) dominant language
诺曼登陆（ Sept.28,1066 ）
? In 1067, William started building the Tower of London, the great fortress which demonstrated his power and dominated the city o1f3
1.1.5 Danish Invasion (8th Century —1066) Westminster Abbey built in1052
by the penultimate King of England,
Edward the Confessor (1042-1066)
11
忏悔者爱德华
1.1.6 The Norman Conquest
? Roman Christianity St. Augustine brings Christianity 基 督 教 to
Britain from Rome and becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
8 Pope Gregory I
1.1.4 The Anglo-Saxon Invasion (5th —8th Century)
Henry II, (1133-1189,
17
1154-1189at throne)，
? 斯图亚特王朝 House of Stuart (1603-1649 ， 1660-1714)
? 汉诺威王朝 House of Hannover (1714-1901)
? 萨 克 森 - 科 堡 - 哥 达 王 朝 House of SachsenCoburg-Gotha (1901-1910)
? 温莎王朝The House of Windsor (1910-) 。
won the Battle of Hastings(黑斯廷
斯之战), and was crowned King.
William the Conqueror
William Ⅰof England
（1027-1087 ，
1066-1087 at throne ） Norman Cavalier
12
1.1.6 The Norman Conquest
(Irish Gaelic盖尔语, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh)
6
7
1.1.3 Roman Britain (43 AD —5th Century)
First invasion—In August 55 BC, Julius Caesar invaded Britain
Second—Caesar's second raid in 54 BC
the Parliament in front of the King Ⅲ
20
Simon de Montfort
1.2.4 Hundred Years' War (1337—1453)
a series of wars fought between England and France over trade, territory, security and the throne
The English were brilliantly successful till 1422. Encouraged by Joan of Arc, the national heroine, the French drove the English out of France.
By 1453, Calais （加 来 ） was the only parቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ of France that was still in the hands of the English.
the Normandy Invasion 诺曼底登陆(June
6,1944)
I The Founding of the Nation
1.1 Roman Britain and the Anglo-Saxons 1.2 Feudal Society
15
British Monarchy 英国王室 (1066-)
3 、约翰（1167-1216）（英格兰国王1199-1216） （ 无地王 ，在贵族胁迫下签署《大宪章》，布汶战役被法国击败，失去大 部分大陆领地）
4 、亨利三世 （1207-1272）（英格兰国王1216-1272） 5 、爱德华一世（1239-1307）（英格兰国王1272-1307） 6 、爱德华二世（1284-1329）（英格兰国王1307-1327）
1.2.2 the Magna Carta《大宪章 》1215
John of England signs
Magna Carta in 1215.
? John ascended the throne in 1199. He demanded feudal taxes and army service.
?part of the British Constitution
today
1.2.3 Birth of Parliament
? Provisions of Oxford(1258) ? Provision of Westminster (1259)
limiting the King 's power by calling regular meetings of the Privy Council 枢密院 ? Parler—to talk ? Official formation of the two houses of parliament: – House of Lords – House of Commons
1.2.1 The House of Anjou(1154-1485)
aslo known as the House of Plantagenet 金雀花王朝,英格兰中世纪最强大的一个封建王朝 (因为纹章用金雀花的小枝做装饰，所以通常人们叫它金雀花王朝）
? In 1154 Henry II ascended the throne
Third and final—In 43 AD, Emperor Claudius, final and successful Roman invasion of Britain
? Capable administrators & good builders (towns and cities & roads) Building of London River Thames “London Bridge” Building of roads
1.1 Roman Britain and the Anglo-Saxons 1.2 Feudal Society
4
I. The Founding of the Nation
1.1 Roman Britain and the Anglo-Saxons
1.1.1 Prehistoric Period (history undocumented) Stonehenge巨石阵 It is the most famous prehistoric monument in Britain and is
9
1.1.5 Danish Invasion (8th Century — 1066)
? the Vikings 威金人
(8-11世纪的北欧海盗) from the Scandinavian
countries: Norway, Denmark Sweden
? Alfred the Great (849899)
I The Founding of the Nation II Transition to the Modern Age III The Rise and Fall of the British Empire IV Britain Since World war II
3
I The Founding of the Nation
英国王室世系——金雀花王朝（1154-1399）
1、 亨利二世（1133-1189）（英格兰国王1154-1189 ） （安茹伯爵戈特弗雷德和亨利一世的女儿玛蒂尔达之子。同阿基坦女公爵埃 丽诺结婚，取得法国南部大片领地。在位期间确立对爱尔兰统治权）
2 、理查一世（1157年9月8日-1199年4月6日）（英格兰国王1189-1199） （参加十字军东征，获得狮心王的称号。镇压阿基坦叛乱时身亡。身为国王 十年，在英格兰的时间只有六个月）
? 诺曼王朝House of Norman (1066-1154)
? 安茹王朝House of Anjou1154-1485 金雀花王朝 Plantagent (1154-1399) 兰开斯特王朝 Lancaster (1399-1464) 约克王朝York (1361-1485)
? 都铎王朝House of Tudor (1485-1603)
situated on Salisbury Plain in the county of Wiltshire. People began building Stonehenge about 5,000 years ago, dragging each stone into place.
5
1.1.2 Celtic凯尔特 Britain (8th—5th Century BC) ?The name of Britain—Britons ?Tribal society ?Celtic Language
（ 征服苏格兰失败，承认其独立。被王后伊莎贝拉和小舅子法王查理四世谋 害） 7 、爱德华三世（1312-1377）（英格兰国王1327-1377） （发动英法百年战争，在克莱西和普瓦提埃大破法国骑士团，获得法国西南 的大片土地） 8 、理查二世（1367-1400）（英格兰国王1377-1399） （黑太子爱德华之子。远征爱尔兰时被堂弟兰开斯特公爵亨利拘捕，并废黜， 由亨利即位）
阿尔弗雷德大帝 - the United Seven AngloSaxon Kingdoms
- an agreement in 878 - recaptured London in 886
Alfred the Great
10
also known as “Father of the British Navy”.
? He was forced to sign the
Magna Carta 《大宪章 》on June
15,1215.
?townspeople—freedom of trade and
self-government
?merchants and craftsmen—for the
first time as a new political force
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northen Ireland
Chapter 2 History
Gao Rong
032017
1
A brief survey of the British history
1000
1400
1600
1900
2000
2
CONTENT
? In 1066, Edward chose Harold of Wessex to be King in his place.
? Duke William, often referred to as
William
the
Conqueror,
challenged Harold's succession,
? Germanic people 日耳曼人 ( Angles from South of Denmark Saxons from Germany
and the Jutes from Jutland,) ? England ( the Land of the Angles) ? English (language of the Angles) dominant language
诺曼登陆（ Sept.28,1066 ）
? In 1067, William started building the Tower of London, the great fortress which demonstrated his power and dominated the city o1f3
1.1.5 Danish Invasion (8th Century —1066) Westminster Abbey built in1052
by the penultimate King of England,
Edward the Confessor (1042-1066)
11
忏悔者爱德华
1.1.6 The Norman Conquest
? Roman Christianity St. Augustine brings Christianity 基 督 教 to
Britain from Rome and becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
8 Pope Gregory I
1.1.4 The Anglo-Saxon Invasion (5th —8th Century)