高中英语新高考-英语作文：解决中式英语绝招：“三块五步式”语篇处理原理

高中英语新高考-英语作文：解决中式英语绝招：“三块五步式”语篇处理原理

写作十二字：思维个词、左右拓展、抽象结尾。这里面主要还是和平时积累词块有很大的关系。换句话说，虽然思维非常重要（这是我列在第一位的原因），但词块是根基。原因很简单，高中学生很难用正确地道的的语言表达思维。于是，我们会尽可能下很大功夫做词块积累。但随后又发现另外一个问题：词块的准确运用。学生写的句子看起来那么别扭，因为很多词块放在了不该放的位置。如何解决这个问题？一般而言，大家都会想到成熟的句型的套用。我认为这还不能解决根本问题。最大的原因就是句型不具备张力，也就成了语法翻译题。我们要问：学生难道就是在做语法题吗？这也是我的理论里的一个缺憾：我终究还是没有解决词块的准确运用，只是解决了语法上的机械练习。

好在功夫没有白费，孙三五老师在研究名家英语教学著作时，有了灵感。实践证明，这是很有效的，概括起来就是3块：

第一：语篇阅读

第二：语言聚焦

第三：语篇输出

其中细节涉及到单词或词块和句型建模的联动。具体步骤是6步：

语篇理解和建模——句型建模——词块识别——句型和词块的联动——语篇输出

至此形成了我的阅读处理：三块五步。

读者可能说，这看起来是和普通阅读处理没有区别啊。其实，英语听说读写的教学的本质是固定的，只是形式上会有变化，所以看起来长着同样的一副面孔罢了。

不同点在于细节的处理，我具体来解释：

语篇理解部分，着重整体阅读，也就是我的六个字方针：列点、衔接、建模。

语言聚焦部分，除了我之前的词块识别外，我加了一个句型。读者应该培养从文章中提取具有张力的句型。它应该符合以下特征：美；变。

美，即具有欣赏性；变，即谓语动词和主语、宾语的名词可以有多个替换词。打个不恰当的比喻，具有张力的佳句就像一个美人。真正美的人，穿不同的衣服都依旧是美的。

词汇和句型联动原理举例

1. 单词：appreciation

句型一：A better appreciation of...can promote...

拓展：appreciation还可以换成：study, understanding, comaprison

Promote还可以换成：help, leadto; contribute to

翻译：对环保的深刻理解有助于我们采取措施。

句型二：To get a full appreciation of…, we must turn first to…

拓展：fullappreciation of可以换成：better look at, sense of, better understanding of;

Turn first to可以换成：make a close study of; have a bird’s eye view of（全面分析）例句：要更好欣赏一首诗，我们首先要全面分析作者。

2. 单词：approach

句型一：Nothing can approach...

拓展：approach可以换成：equal, match, parallel, becompared with。

翻译：在速度和舒适方面，没有什么交通工具可与飞机媲美。

句型二：The issue should be approached in a new way

拓展：approach可以替换为：examine, study, recognize。

a new way可以替换为a widercontenxt, depth。

句型四：The rate has approached X percent...

拓展：rate可以换成unemployment percentage, birth /death / crime / accident rate;

approach可以替换为reach,reisen to

句型五：There is no effective approach to the problem of...

拓展：effective可以替换为：easy, logical, quick,immediate;

approach可以替换为：method,solution, answer, remedy

problem可以替换为：question, issue

其实这个句子后面还有：…but…might be useful / helpful / beneficial

读者看到，这里单词的学习已经脱离了枯燥的罗列式记忆，而是和句型建模融合，并且句型里也有词块。说到底，还是句型为主，里面的词块或单词可以高度替换，用在不同场景里。笔者为此特地精选了156个单词，能拓展成近600个张力句型。

“三块五步式”语篇实战演练

有了句型建模，我们的写作就好办多了，下面我大致给出一个示范说明。

第一：语篇展示——理解题、概括大意

第二：在句子的翻译和拓展中融合建模句型和短语。

第三：语篇作文

School life in the UK

Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. I was very happy with the school hours in Britain because school starts around 9 a.m. and ends about 3.3o p.m. This means I could get up an hour later than usual as schools in China begin before 8 a.m.

On the first day, all students went to attend assembly. I sat next to a girl whose name was Diane. We soon became best friends. During assembly, the headmaster told us about the rules of the school. He also told us that the best way to earn respect from the school was to work hard and achieve high grades. This sounded like my school in China.

I had many teachers in the past year and they each taught only one subject. Mr Heywood was my class teacher. My favourite teacher was Miss Burke. She was the teacher who taught us English Literature. In our class there were 29 students. This is about the average size for British schools. We had to move to different classrooms for different classes. We also had different students in some classes, so it was difficult to remember all the faces and names.

I found the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school, but it was a bit challenging for me at first because all the homework was in English. I felt lucky as all my teachers were very helpful and I enjoyed all my subjects: English, History, English Literature, Computer Science, Maths, Science, PE, Art, Cooking and French.

My English improved a lot as I used English every day and spent an hour each day reading English